IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH
PICTURE CARDS AT MTs. AL-YASINI PASURUAN
THESIS
By:
RETY WIJAYANTI 20101010100311241
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
ii
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH PICTURE CARDS AT MTS. AL-YASINI PASURUAN
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
RETY WIJAYANTI
201010100311241
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
iii
This thesis written by Rety Wijayanti was approved on January 12th, 2015
By:
Advisor II, Advisor I,
Nurakhfini Septiany, M.A., M.Ed. Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed
iv
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
on February 4th, 2015
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. Poncojari Wahyono M. Kes
Examiners: Signatures:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval ... i
Legalization ... ii
Originality Declaration... iii
Motto and Dedication ….. ... iv
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Nature of Speaking ... 8
2.2Teaching Speaking ... 9
2.2.1 Types of Speaking Performance ……. ……..………..………… 9
2.2.2 Teaching Speaking at Junior High School/Islamic Junior High School (SMP/MTs) Level ………..……… .. 12
2.2.3 Speaking Assessment ……….. 13
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings…………...………. 34
4.1.1 The Mean Scores of Pre-test of Experimental and Control Group…… 34
4.1.2 The Mean Scores of Post-test of Experimental and Control Group….. 36
4.1.3 The Analysis………...……….….. 38
4.2 Discussion………...……….. 42
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 45
5.2 Suggestions ... 46
5.2.1 For the Teachers ... 46
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5.2.3 For the Next Researcher ... 47
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents several topics such as: background of the study,
statement of the problem, hypothesis, purpose of the study, significance of the study,
scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.
1.1Background of Study
English is the most important subject to be learnt for everyone who wants to
gain access in the communication and globalization era. This is because English has
become the widespread language that used by people in the world either for
communicating or for more purposes. Rubdy and Saraceni (2006) stated that as a
language of international communication, nowadays, English is a truly global language
which often used in trades, diplomacy, sport, science, technology, revolutions in
transport, commerce and communications, including satellite broadcasting and the
internet. In Indonesia, English is also applied at some sectors in daily life such as
communication and electronic tools, scientific books, and social networks. Therefore,
English is very important to be learnt, including in Indonesia.
In teaching English, there are four skills that should be mastered by the
students; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In this research, the skill that will
be investigated is speaking. Speaking is common part in our daily life which covers
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system, and the system of grammar in order to communicate effectively (Nunan, 2011).
Speaking may be used by people to describe things, express their thoughts, ideas and
feelings, or to entertain others with jokes and anecdotes (Richards and Renandya,
2002). In other words, speaking refers to the people’s way to communicate with others
whether it is expressing ideas, influencing and entertaining other people, or asking and
answering question in their daily interaction.
Since speaking generally is used as a means of communication in daily
interaction, people should have a good speaking skill in order to manage their lose
confidence in speaking English. According to Tyagi and Misra (2012), good speaking
skill can help people to use different strategies in various situations while talking,
achieve the clear of speech, avoid the nervousness while speaking, and help people to
reach the greater chance in successful interview. Hence, it is important for people
including students to master the speaking skill.
Most of the students have met difficulty in speaking English. This is because
they do not confident in term of the material that they are going to present, afraid of
making mistake, and sometimes they cannot find the appropriate expression. As Liu
(2009) stated:
Fifteen of 17 student interviewees who had oral English practice in the middle school reported that at that stage most students appeared to be nervous when
speaking English in class though some teachers encouraged them by saying “don’t be nervous”, “never mind” and/or “be brave” and so on. Because the language was
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In this case, teacher’s role is critical. The choice of appropriate technique and
media is significant in increasing students’ motivation and interest to speak English.
MTs Al-Yasini is a school located in Wonorejo - Pasuruan, East Java. The
researcher chose this school to conduct the research because the preliminary
observation conducted by the researcher showed that the teaching learning activities
presented by teachers in MTs. Al-Yasini Pasuruan had some weaknesses. Those
weaknesses could be seen from the teaching learning process in the class that was still
using teacher-centered method. Besides, most students did not pay attention to the
teacher’s explanation. They just depended on their friend’s answer and could not
develop their knowledge independently. Accordingly, the students were difficult to
comprehend the topic that they were learning based on their own opinion. Furthermore,
it also could be proven by the students’ score in English, especially in speaking English.
Only 21% out of 142 students in second year students who were able to reach the KKM
(Minimum Students Score), in which the KKM is 75. This might be because the teacher
was infrequent to use various techniques and media during the teaching learning
process. Consequently, the students were lack of capability and confidence to express
their idea in English when they performed in front of the class.
To solve those kind of weaknesses, teachers are demanded to create an
interesting situation during the teaching learning process by using media which may
involve the students in learning process, thus, improving their speaking skill. One of
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Picture Card is media using a picture in the form of cards to deliver the
materials in teaching English. “Picture Cards are useful for presenting, practicing, and
revising vocabulary or as prompts for other activities. These are also useful for
identifying verbs of action. These can be used to indicate a sequence.” (Venkateswaran,
2009, p. 175). This means that not only for teaching vocabulary, picture cards also can
be used as a medias in another teaching skills such as teaching speaking, reading, and
writing.
Furthermore, from the previous research which was conducted by Rofiq
(2011), it showed that picture cards were effective to improve the eighth grade student’s
ability in writing descriptive text at MTsN Jambewangi Blitar. The effectiveness of the
implementation of picture cards in teaching and learning of writing was proven by 70%
of the students got score above SKBM in cycle 1, and 80% of the students got score
above SKBM in cycle 2.
Another previous research was done by Kusumaningtyas (2009) about the
effectiveness of using picture cards on the second grade students’ vocabulary mastery
at SMP Sriwedari Malang. Based on the Independent Sample t-test with the help of the
SPSS 14.0 program, the result of the calculation showed that the experimental group
had better mean score than the control group, that is the t value was 7.861 at the 0.05
level of significance. This means that there was significant difference in the vocabulary
mastery between students taught using picture cards and those taught without using
picture cards. Accordingly, based on the previous researches, it shows that picture card
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English and can prove the successful of teaching learning English process by using it
as a teaching media.
In this research, the researcher is interested in conducting a research about the
use of picture card as a media in teaching speaking. The reason for choosing this topic
is that commonly, picture card is used as a media in teaching writing and vocabulary,
and it is infrequently for teaching speaking. Moreover, the researcher wants to know
the effectiveness of picture cards as a medias in teaching speaking to improve students’
speaking skill. Therefore, the researcher entitled her thesis as “Improving Students’
Speaking Skill through Picture Cards at MTs. Al-Yasini Pasuruan.”
1.2Statement of Problem
Based on the background of study above, the problem of this research can be
formulated as follow:
Does picture cards improve the students’ speaking skill at MTs. Al-Yasini
Pasuruan?
1.3Hypothesis of Study
Relating to the statement of problem above, the researcher presents the
hypothesis of the study as below:
H1: Picture cards improves the students’ speaking skill at MTs. Al-Yasini
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H0: Picture cards does not improve the students’ speaking skill at MTs.
Al-Yasini Pasuruan.
1.4Purpose of Study
Related to the statement of problem, the purpose of the study is to know
whether picture cards improve the students’ speaking skill at MTs. Al-Yasini Pasuruan
or not.
1.5Significance of Study
The result of the research is expected to give the following contributions:
Firstly, for the English teachers, this research may encourage them to apply the
alternative media in teaching speaking, especially by using picture cards.
Secondly, for students, this research can help them to improve their speaking
skill and the result of the study may give them the alternative way in speaking.
The last, the researcher hopes that the result of this research can be used as the
reference for those who want to conduct a research in English teaching learning
process, especially in teaching speaking through picture cards.
1.6Scope and Limitation
The scope for this research is using picture cards as a learning medias to
improve students’ speaking skill. Furthermore, it limits only on the second grade of
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1.7Definition of Key Terms
The definition of key terms is aimed to avoid misunderstanding terms which
exist in this research. The definition of each word as below:
a. Speaking is the systems of language such as the system of sounds, the vocabulary
system, and the system of grammar in order to communicate effectively (Nunan,
2011).
b. Speaking Skill is “the ability to express our thoughts, ideas, aspirations and needs”
(Tyagi and Misra, 2012: 224).
c. Media is “a means of communication and source of information” (Smaldino et al,
2005: 9).
d. Picture Card is a form of thick or stiff paper, with painting, drawing, or photograph
