Makalah 1 5
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1 7 0I'ENGEMBANGAN BIOINSEKTISIDA UNTUK MENUNJANG BIOTEKNOLOGI
DEVELOI'MENT O F
CONTROLLING INSECT PESTS O F CROPS
Dibiana L a y , Teguh Santoso dan Sugyo Hastowo
ABSTRACT
The mainstay o f the Indonesian economy i s a g r i c u l - t u r e . The major e s t a t e crops i n Indonesia are o i l p a l m , rubber, coconut, cocoa, c o f e e , tea and pepper. I n s e c t
pests o f various types may attack these crops causing s i g n i f i c a n t economic l o s s . Chemical p e s t i c i d e s have been used e x t e n s i v e l y t o reduce damage from i n s e c t p e s t s , but they have a l s o created serious problems such as environ- mental pollution, chemical r e s i d u e s , and development o f r e s i s t a n c e i n i n s e c t population leading t o resurgence o f both t a r g e t and non-target p e s t s .
The group o f microorganisms pathogenic f o r i n s e c t s i s and d i v e r s e . Among these are a broad range o f v i r u s e s , bacteria, protozoa and f u n g i . Each o f t h e s e groups i s composed o f a spectrum o f organisms t h a t vary i n t h e i r mode o f i n f e c t i o n , s i t e o f r e p l i c a t i o n , and mecha- nisms o f pathogenicity.
Among the bacteria, the spore-forming b a c i l l i , Bacil- l u s t h u r i n g i e n s i s i s one o f t h e most promising potential agent f o r use i n the management o f i n s e c t population. t h u r i n g i e n s i s produces c h a r a c t e r i s t i c proteinaceous
poral i n c l u s i o n s i n c e l l s . T h i s parasporal i n c l u s i o n i s a l s o known as delta- endotoxin which i s h i g h l y t o x i c t o i n s e c t s i n several orders o f Lepidoptera,
and Coleoptera. Although t o x i c t o i n s e c t pests, t h e t o x i n i s t o non-target i n v e r t e b r a t e s , v e r t e b r a t e s and
p l a n t s .
Due t o i t s potential and s e l e c t i v i t y , B .
s i s has received t h e greatest commercial a t t e n t i o n . Many
pada Seminar Perkebunan dan Lokakarya
PAU 10 1 1 Desember 1991.
