Landscape Characteristic of Javan Hawk-Eagle Habitat's Using Remote Sensing and GIs in Western Part of Java

Thesis

LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTIC

OF

JAVAN HAWK-EAGLE'S

HABITAT

USTNG

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

IN WESTERN PART OF

JAVA

Fami Joan

Patricia

Kastanya

99732/MIT

Graduate Program

Javan

Hawkeagle

Spizeafus

badelsi

is endemic

to Java and

is the dominant

avian

forest predator. It has been considered

to

be

one

of the world's rarest and

most

endangered

birds

of

prey

according

to

current

lUCN threat categories

(Prawiradilaga, 1998

in

Asian Raptor Research

&

Conservation,

1998).

The

Javan

Hawk-eagle Spizaetus

bartelsi

lives exclusively in the forests of

Java. Its

range has been

fragmented

over many years so

that

now

it

is

only

about 10%

of its former range (Sozer

ef

at.,

1998). The

study

area in this

research is

selected because

of

the

increasing danger

in

populations

of the

species in the

study

area by

the habitat

loss

and degradation, and trapping for the

wildlife

trade.

The

capabilities

of

the

satellite imagery to

capture

spatial information in

a

large

area,

especially in

inaccessible,

rugged

and

remote area, and process

it

are the

advantages in mapping habitat preferences. The use of

G1S

for input, storage,

analysis,

and

d~splay of spatial

information

is

beginning to overcome these

difficulties.

Remote

sensing

information

produced

by

satellite

or

aerial

photography must

be

interpreted before

they

can

be used in

a G1S.

The objectives of this research,

I.@.

1)

to plot the

locality

records and determine

habitat of

the specles based

on

the

existed

data;

2)

quantify

the

landscape

structure

and

Principal

Component Analysis

(PCA)

to

determine

the habitat

preference; 3) utilize the remote

sensing,

GIS

technique, spatial

analysis

concept, and experience gained in this research

as

a

base

for

knowledge transfer

to

other area.

According

to

the

29

sites of

locality

records

from

the

existed

data, habitat

of

Javan hawk-eagle in

western

part

of

Java are distributed at the mountainous and

forested

areas.

Habitat

distribution

are clustered

in

3

landscapes

area,

i.e

:

a)

Gede

-

Pangrango

NP,

Halimun NP, and Salak Mt.

at

central mountain complex

(Landscape A),

with

15

existed

locality

records;

b)

Burangrang

and

locality records;

c)

Situ

Patengan,

Malabar, Patuha, and

Tilu

Mts.

at

northern

Bandung

(Landscape C),

with

12

existed locality records.

Result

of habitat preference

analysis, using landscape structure

and

Principal

Component

Analysis

reinforce the

interpretation of

most

desirable

habitat

of

Javan

hawk-eagle,

which

are

:

forest,

tea

plantation, and

mix

vegetation,

elevation,

and

slope

condition.

LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTIC

OF JAVAN HAWK

-

EAGLE HABITAT'S

USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIs

IN WESTERN PART OF JAVA

Farni

Joan

Patricia

Kastanya

997321MIT

A Thesis submitted

to

Graduate School

of

Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia

In

fulfill

of

the requirements for the degree of

Master of Science

in

Information Technology

for Natural Resources Management

Graduate Program

Bogor

Agriculture University

Research Title

:

Landscape Characteristic of Javan Hawk-Eagle

Habitat's Using Remote Sensing

and GIs

in Western

Part

of

Java

Student Name

:

Farni

Joan Patricia Kastanya

Student ID

99732

Study

Program

:

Master

of

Science

in

Information

Technology for

Natural

Resources Management

Thesis approved by

the Advisory

Board:

Dr.Ir. Lfik Budi Prasetvo,

M.Sc

Supervisor

Dr. Ir. Ani Mardiastuti, M.Sc

Co-supervisor

Chairman

of

Study Program

4bL

Dr.

Ir. Handoko, M.Sc

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

firrt

bf

a& I w& & tro ghw thank/# to

J e u s

Christ,

my

God

and

Saviour

~ i t w a J d . ~ ~ h p G d Y b ~ c ~ m p ~ t h i * - ~ k p ~ ~ ~ ~ &

gv-

Dr.

Lilik

Budi

Prasetyo

(KSH

-

IPB)

M y o w f w c q v e e i q p t ~ w p m w . d ~ w e b e m a e

d f ~ ~ ~ ~ m1 ht an A d e , ~ ~ t u ~ ~ ~ w i t h .

m y ~ i GIs & togetkerhmytkesiL, ~ c u d s u z d . y m a b f w p r ~ m w i t h .

&@,i.magedatrxr

Dr.

Ani Mardiastuti

(KSH

-

IPB),

tkanlo

yaw

fbr

my cn

-

wpmt;wr a n d ~ ~ r pr&

-

t-*

rtLe-

ofy-- e v w i c k e a r y w i

People

at

MIT

Program

:

Dr.

Handoko &ead

of

the

MIT)

t h w k y o w f ~ ~ g i w ~ t + w &

o p p o r r ~ * ~ ; t ~

st*

~ n . t b MIT, all

my

instructors

cha& OW for

v w

t b

M ~ ~ O K L U U k * t c n u w

Mas

Undhyt

(GIs

Instructor)

thavJo

p ~ f b r

&help ~ A ~ C W W we-& Pak Helmi

IBTIC)

thank.yowfi*rdL&umwa+kd

m y q w i

MIT

Staffs

(Bu

Rini, Dedek, Pak A r r n a n ) W w

fbr

your heIp w

. .

-&LW mattwk Harry

thank.

yor*. fur l e t r ~ vrm &.&wind yew with.

c b

c o m p t a u pr-;

Mang

Jejen,

Mang

Yadi,

MlT's Security t k a n k . y o w g q 5 , ruitkolAt

yor*. thej/ w*m, not ruul, h M I T ;

M y

parents

(John and

Siska

Kastanya)

thank.

y m

h-

~ Q W w c m d x t d

b

and. u * w - w p p m T , f u r y o d - e p r v o f m a - r r y

W&

alsah-v--

suppovcw

I ~ ~ * t a ~ a t I b y o w c u.; v ~ ~ ~

Oma Ati,

aunties

and

uncles

(T.

Arda

and

0. Roy (at

Dhaka),

T.

Yessy,

0.

Boy,

T.

Taya

and O.WeIIy,

T.

Lina,

T.

Moni

and

0.

Yus)

thwk yuw

fitr

yav p m y c u d

WP-

My

brothers (Nmo

and

Vito)

and cousins

(Putri (at

Dhaka), Volty,

Dede,

Dundee and

Merry, Michael,

Gerry, Gracia,

Philip,

Pemmy,

Rebecca, Andrew)

w

fw

p r o v i a i v y ) . ~ w & a ~ ~ l X u d m o f n o v l r ~ ~ p ~ t a ~ m e j

My

friends

at

MIT

class 99

(Pak

Mulyadi,

Pak

Nyoman,

Pak Budi,

Agung,

HaliIi

M yo^

fbr

the

FLelp, *port, am& t b

fi-;

Idung,

Dew;, Palm, T i n ) yo^ we-

~ h a r d . ~ ~ p l e a s u * 1 E . o f w ~ , t h E u J o ~ 1 c z ~ ~ t h e h u o w ~

year&, I C o L . J d . ~ * m a d e i t ~ i t h O t t k ~ ~ ~ , ~ W e k k w . . . ;

My

friends

at

GIs

Lab.,

Dept.

of

Geography, University

of

Indonesia

:

Mas

Supriyatna

~ y o w f m t ) r e ~ o f ~ DenDen ~ ~ ~ G L s ~ ~ ~

t n y - ' ~ ~ w f i W w h e l p ~ ~ w - k * , f w ~ a y k - ~ m e

a n d / b t U y & t b h & h w , God& ym.... a A . r d . g e d ~ w & y a c x W e ~ ' k i t u d y ;

Dra. Ratna

Saraswati,

MSi

( R e m e

Sensing Lab.,

Dept.

of

Geography,

University of

Indonesia)

t h a n L y m for dowwme wtbW .

w ;

People

at

h u

57

Bogor

:

Ibu Yuspar

W w f o r

,- W m . . .

itb-

&VP gveat,

Goa-

...;

mbak

Sila,

Yuni,

Friska, Eka,

Cici,

Rmi,

Tipeh

w - f b v y a r r - i x l g . c u t d w p - t q f ~ ~ f ; z v + h ~ , ~ d - y a c c . . . ;

Oly,

Iwan and

Iyung

W k f w

h s u p p o v t ;

i t h a Q . h x z g r e d t * k n m u y a c r

Bogor,

August ,200

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY

APPROVAL

SHEET (SUPERVISOR COMMISION)

...

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

.i

...

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

II

. . .

LIST

OF

TABLES

v

. . .

LIST

OF

FIGURES

V I

...

LIST

OF

.4

PPENDICES

W I

. . .

LIST

OF

hlAPS

v ~ i i

. . .

I

.

INTRODUCTION

I

1.1

Background

. . . . - ... I

. .

1 . 2 Object lves . . .

- 3

. . .

I

DESCRIPTlON

OF THE

STUDY

AREA -4

. . .

2.1

tocarion

4

. . .

2.2

Topography

4

. . .

2 . 3

Climate

- 4

. . .

2 3 General

Land

Cover

- 6

... .

Ill

LITERATURE REVIEWS

8

...

3.1

~ e J a v a n H a w k ~ g l e S p i z e a ~ l r s b o r i e l s i

8

3.1.1

Taxonomy

... 8 ...

3.1.2 Distribution

of

Javan

Hawk-eagle

in West Java

8

...

3.1.3 Habitat Preference 1 1

3.1.4 HomeRange ...

11

...

3.1

.

5

Feeding Ecology

1

2

3.1.6

Nesting

... 13

...

3.1.7

Habitat

Loss

and Degradation

14

...

3 -2

Landscape Structure

-14

. . .

3 . 2 . 1

Patch

14

...

3 .2.2

Spatial Pattern Analysis

I 5

...

3 . 3 Renlde Sensing Techniques

- 1 5

...

3 . 3 .

i

Geometric Correction

16

...

3.3.2

Image

Classification

I6

...

2

3 3

Unsupervised

Classification 17

...

3.3.4 Postclassification Smoothing 18

... 3 4 Geographical

Lnformatim

Systems

(CIS)

-18

...

3.4.

I

Geosraphic

Information

System

Data

19

. . .

3.4.2 Spatial

Data

Approaches I 9

. . .

3.4.3 Spatial Data Sources 21

. . .

3.4.4 Integrated Analysis

of

Spatial and Attribute Data 22

...

3.5.1 Remote

Sensing

and Landscape

Ecology

22

...

3.5.2

GIs

and Landscape Ecology

23

...

3.5.3 Remote

Sensing and

CIS

for

Habitat

Mapping 24

...

3.6

Principal

Component Analysis

24

... .

IV

METHODS

AND

PROCEDURES

27

...

4.1 Period 27

...

4.2

Data

Sources

27

...

4.3 Required

Tools

28

...

4 4 Methods 28

...

4.4.1

Image Prmessing

28

...

4 . 4 . 2

Quantifying

Landscape Structure

32 ...

4 . 4 . 3

Slope Calculation

35

. . .

4.4.4 Principal Component Analysis

36

V

.

RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION

. . .

37

. . .

5.1

Determine

the

Habitat

Area

of

the J a m Hawk-eagle 37 ...

5.2

Land

Cover

of

Javan hawk-eagle

Habitat's

3 7

...

5.3 Habitat Preference 38

. . .

5.3.1

Landscape A

38

. . .

5 . 3 . 2 Landscape

-

-

I3

39

. . .

5

. 3 . 3 Landscape

C

39

...

5 . 3 . 3 Landscape

Structure

39

. . .

5 3.4.1 Area Metric (CA) 41 5.3.4.2

Patch Size

and Variability

Metrics

(NUMP,

MPS,

PSSD,

. . .

PSCOV)

41

. . .

5.3.4.3

Edge Metrics

(TE,

ED)

45

. . .

5.3

.4.4 Shape

Metrics

(MSI, MPFD)

47

...

5 . 3 4.5

Nearest Neighbour

Metrics

(MNN, MPi)

48

. . .

5

-3 .4.6

Dtversity

Metrics (SDI,

SEI)

30

. . .

5 . 3 . 4 . 7

Interspersion Metric

(IJI))

5 1

5 - 3 3

Principal

Component Analysis

for Javan hawkeagle

' 1

...

Hab~tat s

52

...

5.4

Lirnitatims

of

the

Research

-56

. .

...

5 . 5

Management Implicat~on

57

...

.

VI

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5 8

6.1

Conclusions

... 58

6.2

Recommendations

... 59

...

LIST OF

TABLES

Table

1.

Slope

Classification

Table 2.

Land

Cover

Composition

of

Javan

hawkegle Habitat's

Table

3. Class indices for Forest Patch for J a m hawk-eagle

Habitat's

Table 4.

Landscape Indices

for

J a m

hawk-eagle Habitat's

Table

5 .

Correlation Coefficient

between

16

variables

of

J a m hawk-

eagle

Habitat's