Code mixing analysis of the judges comments and the host utterances on fine episodes of workshop round in Indonesia idol singing competition season 6

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CODE MIXING ANALYSIS OF THE JUDGES COMMENTS AND THE HOST UTTERANCES ON FIVE EPISODES OF WORKSHOP ROUND IN

INDONESIAN IDOL SINGING COMPETITION SEASON 6

By:

By: Nopita Mulyani

106026001012

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

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CODE MIXING ANALYSIS OF THE JUDGES COMMENTS AND THE HOST UTTERANCES ON FIVE EPISODES OF WORKSHOP ROUND IN

A Thesis

Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Strata 1

By:

NOPITA MULYANI 106026001012

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

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ABSTRACT

Nopita Mulyani, Code Mixing Analysis of the Judges Comments and the Host Utterances on Five Episodes of Workshop Round in Indonesian Idol Singing Competition Season 6. Thesis: Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

This research is aimed to know the word and phrase that appeared in particular code mixing data and the factors influencing the code mixing.

Moreover, the writer used descriptive method by analyzing the linguistics form and the factors. It is analyzed descriptively based on related theory of word, phrase and Weinrich theory. After collecting the data, then the writer identified and classified the data which were needed from the comments of the judges and the utterances of the host of Indonesian Idol Singing Competition Season 6.

This research explained about the kind of word class and phrase and factors influencing code mixing. The findings that the writer got from the analysis

were many words and phrases found in the judges’ comments and host’s

utterance. Thirteen data of code mixing contained phrase namely 9 data of noun phrase. Six data contained code mixing in words and all of them were nouns.

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APPROVEMENT

CODE MIXING ANALYSIS OF THE JUDGES COMMENTS AND THE HOST UTTERANCES ON FIVE EPISODES OF WORKSHOP ROUND IN

A Thesis

Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Strata 1

Nopita Mulyani 106026001012

Approved by:

Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd NIP. 19650919 200003 1 002

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

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LEGALIZATION

Name : Nopita Mulyani

NIM : 106026001012

Title : Code Mixing Analysis of the Judges Comments and the Host Utterances on Five Episodes of Workshop Round in Indonesian Idol Singing Competition Season 6

The thesis has been defended before the Faculty Letters and

Humanities’Examination Committee on February 14, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one.

Jakarta, February 14, 2011 The Examination Committee

Signature Date

1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd 19640710 199303 1 006

(Chair Person)

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum 19781003 200112 2 002

(Secretary)

3. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd 19650919 200003 1 002

(Advisor)

4. Moh. Supardi, M. Hum (Examiner I)

5. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum 19780126 200312 2 002

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Jakarta, January 25th, 2011

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer would like to express the most gratitude and praise to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe for His help, affection and generosity in completing her study in the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. Then, peace and blessing are upon to our beloved prophet Muhammad SAW and all of his family, his disciplines, and his followers.

The thesis is submitted in partial accomplishment of the requirement for the Strata 1 Degree to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English Letters Department, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

In the terms of completing her study, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to the Dean of Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Dr. Abd. Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag; The Head of English Letters Department, Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.Pd; The Secretary of English Letters, Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum; Zahriel Anasy, M.Pd; and to all lecturers who have taught her a lot of things during my study.

The writer’s big family deserves her deepest esteem more than anyone else

does; her lovely parents (Sudirmantoro and Fitriyah), her elder sister (Eka Dewi Rahayu), her brother in law (Tatang Sumarna), her lovely nephew (Muhammad Raisul Fauzan Syahidan) and her younger brother (Hery Aprianto), since they always support her financially, morally and spiritually.

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support and encouragement from the first to the final level that enable her to develop an understanding of the subject.

In addition, the writer would like to thank to the following fellows and acquaintances; Selermun (Nuni, Yesika, Kiki, Nana and Jule) for a lot of memories, laughs, moments and nice friendship. The student of class A 2006 and for being her classmates – for the joy of the friendship with Anggi, Mira, Ulfa, Zhoya, Indah, Tita, Jabbar, Aryo, Jay, Ayunk, Galih, Lazu, Deny, Ocha, Feby, Dana, and whom cannot be voiced, for their memories, their laughs, their activities, their supports, their spirit, their souls, their love conveyed her into

life-mature. Finally, the writer’s great thanks to the entire place that gave her pleasures

within her study process.

Jakarta, January 25th, 2011

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Language plays an important role in human life. It is used to communicate with other people. Besides, language is also used to express the idea in human thought into many forms like poem, short story, song, etc. Language that is used by a speaker reflects the thought, behavior and the culture of the speaker himself. In communicating with others, the people have their own styles. The style that they use is not the same. The different kind of style that they use depends on the social context like the people around them. It is also determined by their educational background, status, etc. We can also see it in how many languages that they use when communicating with other people.

In monolingual society, the people only use one code or one language in communicating with others. They only mix the style or dialect when they are talking. But, the people that live in the bilingual or multilingual society usually use two or more codes or languages to communicate with other people.1

Based on Nababan statement, bilingualism is people’s habit of using two languages in their interaction with other people.2 Mackey and Fishman in Chaer dan Agustina stated that bilingualism can be defined as using two

1

Dra. Aslinda, M.Hum and Dra. Leni Syafyahya, M.Hum, Pengantar Sosiolinguistik

(Bandung : PT. Refika Aditama, 2007), p.16 2

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languages by a speaker in his interaction with other people.3 Kridalaksana stated that bilingualism is the using of two or more languages by a person or a community.4 A speaker who is able to speak in two or more languages is unimpeded to communicate with others based on what they need by determining the people they speak with, in what situation and the purpose of communication itself. Therefore, we often see the code switching and code mixing in a conversation.

There are many factors that influence people using code mixing, such as the speaker uses another language to soften the aim of the utterance, to avoid ambiguous meaning, the word in another language is easier to remember and the sense of the word is more stable and the limitation of the word of the

speaker’s language.5

Indonesian people are the plural society with many kinds of ethnic groups, cultures, customs, religions, and languages. They usually communicate with two or more languages. Most of Indonesian people are bilingual; they are able to communicate in two languages; national and traditional language. According to Hoffman and Stork as quoted by Alwasilah, traditional language or vernacular language is general language, which is the original language of a country, like native European language in middle era.6

3

Abdul Chaer and Leony Agustina, Sosiolinguistik:Perkenalan Awal (Jakarta:Rineka Cipta, 2004), p.84

4

Harimurti Kridalaksana, Kamus Linguistik (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008), p.36

5

Uriel Weinreich, Languages in Contact : Finding and Problem (New York : Mouton Publishers The Houge, 1963)

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Nowadays, as everything becomes more sophisticated, English has become a language that many people in Indonesia speak in their daily communication. In addition, globalization era forces people to develop their skills in many fields especially language. The language that has become an international language is English. So, there’s no wonder that many people in Indonesia is capable to speak English fluently.

The using of English has entered many fields like politics, economy, education, art and entertainment. There are many announcers in the radio program mixed English in their conversation. Many writers also mixed English in the novel they wrote and the journalists especially in the teenage magazine also mixed their articles with some English phrases and vocabularies. The famous people like politician, singer, actor or actress mix English in their daily conversation like Cinta Laura, Manohara and Agnes Monica. Many musicians also put some of the English words or phrases in their song lyrics. In addition, television programs especially the hosts also mix English in presenting a program. One of them is Indonesian Idol.

Indonesian Idol is an annual Indonesian singing competition which began its first season in 2004. Part of the Idol franchise, it is based on the British reality program Pop Idol. It is aired on RCTI, one of Indonesia’s largest commercial television networks. Indonesian Idol became one of the most

highly publicized music competitions in Indonesia. After Indonesian Idol’s

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shows were aired.7 In this season, Indonesian Idol has 4 judges. They are Erwin Guttawa, Anang Hermansyah, Rossa and Agnes Monica.

The host of Indonesian Idol, Daniel Mananta frequently mixed English when he was presenting the program. Beside Daniel, the judges of Indonesian Idol 2010 also mixed English when they were giving the comment to the contestants of Indonesian Idol. For example:

Host: “Kalo anda ingin Igo menjadi the next superstar untuk Indonesian

Idol 2010, ketik IGO”.

The utterance above contains a code mixing which is the next superstar that can be classified as a noun phrase with superstar as the head word. The speaker uses phrase the next superstar because of introduction and development of the new culture.

The comment of the judges and the utterance of the host make the writer curious to analyze about code mixing which was used by the judges and also the host of Indonesian Idol.

The writer wants to analyze the kind of word classes, and phrases that are frequently appeared when the judges and the host of Indonesian Idol season 6 on RCTI mixed code when they gave comment or gave the utterances. Besides, the writer also wants to analyze the factors that influence the people mix code in their utterances.

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B. Focus of the Study

In this research the writer has to limit discussion by focusing only the word class and phrase that appeared in Indonesian Idol and the factors that influence using code mixing. Data resource is taken from the transcript of the comments of the judges and the utterances of the host of Indonesian Idol which is taken from Indonesian Idol Workshop round Season 6 program on RCTI television station.

C. Research Question

Based on the focus of the study above, the research questions are:

1. What kind of word class and phrase that appeared in code mixing used by the judges and the host of Indonesian Idol?

2. What are the factors that influence the judges and the host of Indonesian Idol using code mixing?

D. Significance of the Study

The significance of this research are as follows:

1. Practically, this research is expected of giving valuable knowledge in the development of linguistics in sociolinguistics field in general and especially in the study of code mixing.

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researcher and the reader. For the researcher, this research can enlarge knowledge about sociolinguistics especially code mixing.

E. Research Methodology

1. Objective of the Research

This research has some objectives:

a) To describe kind of word class and phrase that appeared in code mixing used by the judges and the host of Indonesian Idol

b) To identify the factors that influence the judges and the host of Indonesian Idol using code mixing

2. Method of the Research

This research uses descriptive method by collecting data from the source related to research. The writer records the conversations as many as possible, listens to all conversations, transcribes the conversations, finds the code mixing used in the conversation and analyzes the data using theory of code mixing and word class and phrase.

3. Data Analysis

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4. Instrument of the Research

The instrument in this research is the writer herself as the instrument to get the data. The process of the collecting data in this research is divided into three steps, namely (a) the writer records Indonesian Idol program on television, (b) the writer watches the video and writes the script, (c) the writer chooses the code mixing in the script, (d) the writer analyzes the data to know what kind of word class and phrase appeared in code mixing used by the judges and the presenter of Indonesian Idol and the factors that influence the judges and the host of Indonesian Idol using code mixing. 5. Unit Analysis

Unit analysis in this research is the comments of the judges and the utterances of the host of Indonesian Idol Season 6 program on television.

F. Time and Place of the Research

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Code Switching and Code Mixing

Before explaining about code switching and code mixing, the writer will explain about code. Based on Kridalaksana, code is symbol or the expression that is used to describe particular meaning, language system in a community, and particular variety in a language. The code can be a variety that related to the element of language like sentence, clause, phrase and word which have the limitation because the code is chosen by the speaker based on his necessity in communicating. So, language can be identified as a code.8

Code switching and code mixing is one of the effects of bilingualism. Nababan stated that in bilingualism, code shifting is frequently appeared. The shifting can be a code switching and code mixing. The definition of code switching based on Appel is the condition where the switching code happens because of the changing of situation.9 Kridalaksana explained code switching as using the variation of a language or with other language to adapt with the role, situation or the existence of other participant. Based on Kridalaksana definition above, the code shifting happens not only between the different language but also the variation of the same language. Based on the definitions above, code switching can be defined as language switching or its variation that happen

8

Harimurti Kridalaksana (2006), op. cit. p. 13

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because of the changing of situation, topics and the existence of other participant that has just come.

Nababan stated that code mixing is the situation that happens when a person mix two or more languages in the conversation without any situational force that push him to do it.10 Kridalaksana explained that code mixing is using language element from one language to another language to extend language style, including word, clause, idiom, etc. Code switching is different from code mixing. Code mixing is only focused on the using of the element of language while code switching is the using of language or its variety. Code switching happens because the changing of situation that affects on the using of language or its variety. However, there is no situation that pushes a person to mix the code. Something that changes in code mixing is only the element of language itself such as word, clause, idiom, etc.

Fasold explained the criterion that distinguished code switching from code mixing:

“One criterion that is sometimes offered to distinguish

switching from mixing is that the grammar of the clause determined the language. By the criterion, if a person uses a word or a phrase from another language, he has mixed, not switched. But if one clause has the grammatical structure of one language and in the next is constructed of one language and the text is constructed

according to the grammar of another, a switch has occurred.”11

According to Fasold, code switching can be distinguished from code mixing based on the grammar. If a person used a word or a phrase in other language, he has mixed. However, if a clause is arranged based on the

10

P. W. J. Nababan(1984) op. cit. p. 30

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grammar of a language and next clause is arranged by another language, he has switched. The examples of code switching and code mixing are as follows:

“It was not the best performance, tapi saya cukup suka sama cara

kamu berimprovisasi” (Code Switching)

“Saya actually agak-agak bingung mau komentar nya gimana, ya

klo buat saya bagus tapi ga bagus banget” (Code Mixing)

So, in this research the writer analyzed code mixing based on Fasold’s

theory. The writer described word class and phrase in the particular data of code mixing.

B. Word

A word may be defined as the smallest portions of a sentence which can be pronounced alone and still retain meaning.12 Some words may contain more than one such element, each adding a measure of meaning to the completed word. There are eight word classes in English. They are part of speech as a part of central core (noun, pronoun and verb) or a modifier (adjective, adverb) or a connector (preposition, conjunction) and another part of speech is interjection.13

1. Noun

A noun is the name of an object or idea. It is used to define a word denoting a thing, place, person, quality, or action and functioning in a sentence as the subject or object of action expressed by a verb or as the object or a preposition. Nouns are divided into two main classes,

12

Patrick D. Hazard and Mary E. Hazard, Language and Literary Today (Chicago: Science Research Associates, Inc. 1987) , p.31

13

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common and proper. A common noun never begins with a capital letter unless it is the first word in a sentence: man, boy, girl, house, river, tree, etc. A proper noun is the official name of a single object or sometimes of a single group of objects. A proper noun always begins with a capital letters: God, the Deity, Galileo, Baltimore, the Romans, Boston, etc.14 2. Adjective

An adjective is a word used to describe or limit a noun or pronoun. It is used to modify a noun or pronoun. When adjectives precede the nouns they qualify, they are said to be attributive. For example: small casks, nice girl. The adjective system allows us to compare one thing with another and grade them on the same adjectival quality. Example: small, smaller, the smallest.

3. Verb

A verb is a word that expresses action or state of being. Among verbs expressing action are walk, run, ride, go come, look, see, call, shout, etc. among verbs expressing emotion and state of being are be, exist, seem, appear, remain, etc. in English, verb has three moods: the indicative, which expresses actuality; the subjunctive, which express contingency; and the imperative which expresses command (I run; I might run; Run!). 4. Adverb

An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, or in some cases a noun or pronoun. According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into six classes. They are adverb of place: here, there, away,

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inside; adverb of time: yesterday, today, next, soon, now, then, immediately; adverb of manner: hard, fast, well, slow, nicely, slowly; adverb of cause: therefore; adverb of number: first, secondly; adverb of degree: very, completely, less, almost; adverb of frequency: often, sometimes, always, never, once.

5. Preposition

Preposition is words that combine with a noun or pronoun to form a phrase. The basic role of a preposition is to detail the position of something, its physical location or direction, or a more abstract relationship to other things. They are on, at, in during, since, by, from, until, for, many, before, etc.

6. Conjunction

A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, or that shows relation between sentences. There are two kinds of conjunction. They are coordinate conjunction namely: and, but,

however, nevertheless, neither…nor; which join independent clause.

Another is subordinate conjunction: where, when, after, while, because, if, unless, since, whether.

7. Pronoun

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either, some, any, many, few, all, none), relative pronoun is a pronoun that relates to an antecedent and at the same time joins to it a limiting or qualifying clause (who, which, what, that).

8. Interjection

An interjection is a word used, independently of all grammatical relation, to express strong feeling or to awaken attention or interest: Ah! Hallo! Ho! Alas! Various parts of speech may be used as exclamations to express surprise or sudden emotion or intense feeling of any kind. They have the force of interjections and are called exclamatory nouns or adjectives, etc.: What! Never! Good! Heavens! Mercy!15

C. Phrases

A phrase is a group of related words that does not have a subject and a predicate. A phrase performs the function of a single part of speech. A phrase is often thought of simply as a multiword unit, contrasting with the single word. In English there are five types of phrases, according to the grammar of the key word or head. The head word is often the first word of the phrase.16

Phrase may be classified by the type of head word. 1. Prepositional phrase

A phrase with a preposition as head word and followed by a noun or pronoun object. For example: In love, in the classroom, after dinner. 2. Noun phrase

15

Ibid. p. 56.

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Noun phrase is a phrase with a noun as head word with other modifying words on either side of it. The noun phrase is premodified by determiners and adjectives (one or more). The most common modifiers of nouns are adjectives. For example: The nice boy, a girl in the car.

3. Verb phrase

Verb phrase is a phrase with a verb as head word and one or more auxiliary verbs. For example: Read text books, pull out.

4. Adjective phrase

Adjective phrase is a phrase with an adjective as head word. For example: Full of toys.

5. Adverbial phrase

Adverbial phrase is a phrase with adverb as head word. For example: Very carefully, too hot.

D. Language Function

Jakobson (1960) in Pesona Bahasa classified function of the language into six kinds:

1) Expressive Function. This function is oriented to the speaker or the writer as the news sender. The most important thing here is the feeling of the creator, not the response of the reader or news receiver. Poetry, novel, drama can be the example of this function.

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theory or idea. This kind of text is usually use contemporary, nonregional and nonclass language style.

3) Vocative function. The center of attention in vocative text is the reader or the news receiver. Vocative means invite, appeal the news receiver to act, think, feel or react as the text wants.

4) Aesthetic function. The main purpose of the text that has aesthetic function is to give satisfy feeling and happy, through the rhyme or metaphor.

5) Phatic function. It is usually used as an instrument to communicate and make more personal greeting among the language user. In English, there

are many phatic expressions like “have a nice day”, “it’s hot today” etc.

6) Metalingual function. It is the language usage for language itself such as language for explaining, defining, etc. Metalingual function is universal.17

Based on the speaker, language has personal function. Jacobson called it emotive function. Emotive function means that the speaker not only expresses the emotion through the language but also shows the emotion when saying the utterances.

Based on the listener, language has the directive function. It means that language

can lead listener’s behaviour. In this case, language is not only to make the

listener do something but also do something based on what the speaker wants.

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Based on the contact between the speaker and the listener, language has phatic function. Language here has the function to build a relationship, maintain and show friendly attitude and social solidarity.

Based on the topics, language has referential function. In this case, language has the function as an instrument to describe an object or event around the speaker. This function gives a concept that language is an instrument to state the thought, to state how speaker opinion about the environment around him is.

Based on the message, language has the imaginative function. Language is used to deliver the thought, idea, feeling, whether it is the real or imaginative things like poetry, fairy tale, etc. This function is similar to informative and expressive function.

E. Factors Influencing Code Mixing

The factors that influence code mixing based on Weinrich (1963) can be distinguished into two types, they are attitudinal type and linguistic type.

1. Attitudinal type

a) Need for synonym. It means that the speaker used another language to soften the aim of the utterance. For example:

“Hpnya blackmarket jadi tidak diperjualbelikan di Indonesia. Kalau

diservice selain datanya hilang ada resiko terburuk mati total.”

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Indonesia. So, the word blackmarket is English element that can soften the utterance.

b) Social Value. The speaker took the word from other language by considering social factor. In this case, the speaker mixed code with another language which is English to show that the speaker was an educated and modern person. The people used to judge someone from the language he used especially in village. When a speaker mixed his language with other languages especially English, the people would think that he was a modern and an educated person because he was capable to speak English. So, the speaker used to insert a word or a phrase of foreign language especially English in his utterance because of social value.

c) Introduction and development of new culture. There are many terminologies in every field like marketing, fashion, business, automotive that using foreign language. So, it can be the factor that influences code

mixing by the speaker. The terminologies are actually not the speaker’s

mother tongue. 2. Linguistic type

Linguistics factors that influence a speaker mixed code are as follows:

a) Low frequency of word. It means that the word in another language is easier to remember and the sense of the word is more stable.

For example: “Kita disini menyediakan handset original untuk hp mas

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The word original is the insertion of foreign language which is English. The customer of telecommunication device is more frequently to hear it.

If the speaker used the word in Bahasa Indonesia which is “asli”, the

meaning becomes unstable because in telecommunication terminology,

“asli” probably means first class or second class quality that actually

can’t be categorized as “asli”. But, if the speaker used word original, the

customer was sure that the product was really original.

b) Pernicious Homonymy. If the speaker used the word from his own language, the word could make a homonymy problem namely ambiguous meaning. For example:

“Untuk speakernya Ibu sudah kami urgentkan dipusat

mudah-mudahan dalam minggu ini sudah datang dan hpnya bisa segera kami

perbaiki.”

Urgent means “darurat”. The word urgent becomes an ambiguous meaning if it is used by a customer services of telecommunication

company because the word “darurat” is usually used in medical

terminology.

c) Oversight, the limitation of the word of the speaker’s language. Many kinds of field such as fashion, automotive, business, sports, etc have the terminologies from another language that make the speaker difficult to

find similar word in speaker’s language. For example: the word hang in

multimedia field, the word chic in fashion field, etc.

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what the speaker said. The speaker should use code mixing to reach the goal. 18

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description

In this chapter, the writer will discuss about the research finding. The data in this research is taken from five episodes of Workshop round in Indonesian Idol season 6 program. The things that the writer did first is watching and recording some episodes of this program. The writer recorded the utterances as many as possible, listened to all utterances and transcribed all of the utterances. Then, the writer chose randomly the data that using code mixing. Next, the writer put the data into the table. Finally the writer analyzed the data using the theory of code mixing and linguistics form especially part of speech and phrase and the factors that influence code mixing.

In this research, there are 14 data that the writer analyzed. The writer analyzed the presenter and the judges' utterances in mixing code. Most of the data that the writer analyzed is Agnes' utterances because she frequently mixed English in her utterances when she was giving comments to the finalists out of four judges.

The data that the writer used in this research are taken from five episodes of Indonesian Idol program especially in the first round of Indonesian Idol program

namely “Workshop”. This stage was to decrease twenty four contestants into fourteen

contestants that would be the finalists of Indonesian Idol and went to the “Spektakuler” show.

No. Utterances Corpus

Linguistics Forms

Factors Influencing Part of

Speech Phrase 1.

Kalo buat saya

kamu bisa

berkomunikasi

relax noun ---

low frequency of

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dengan penonton, kamu relax

2.

Tapi pembukaannya kamu turun terus pitchnya

pitch noun ---

low frequency of

word

3.

Pada saat lagi chorus kamu banyak banget yang turun-turun, kayanya

kamu kurang

pemanasan

chorus noun --- social value

4.

Kalo anda ingin Igo menjadi the next superstar untuk Indonesian idol 2010, ketik igo

the next

superstar ---

Noun phrase

introduction and development

of the new culture

5.

Tapi kalo ternyata karena ini masalah monitor, pada saat kamu GR pada saat kamu rehearsal kamu harus bisa beraniin diri untuk

ngomong sama

orang sound

engineernya bahwa monitornya kurang kedengeran

Rehearsal

sound engineer

Noun

--- _Noun phrase low frequency of word oversight 6.

Klo misalnya

memang itu ternyata

kamu kurang

vocalization, ya berarti next time kamu harus lebih banyak vocalization

vocalization noun --- Oversight

7.

Pergantian dari chest voice kamu sama ke falset kamu sangat luar biasa halus. kalo buat saya kamu bisa jadi pop idol

chest voice

pop idol _---

Noun phrase Noun phrase Oversight introduction and development of the new culture

8.

Hanya ada satu Agnes Monica dan saya tahu lagu itu

memang udah

menjadi

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trademarknya Agnes

9.

Semua penyanyi itu pernah ngalamin

yang namanya

adrenaline rush

adrenaline

rush ---

Noun phrase Low frequency of word 10.

Sebelum melihat penampilan mereka, kita akan menyapa dulu our gorgeous judges.

our gorgeous

judges

--- Noun phrase

low frequency of

word

11.

Line voting sudah dibuka mulai dari sekarang jadinya anda bias langsung sms dan dukung idola favorit anda

Line voting --- Noun phrase

introduction and development

of the new culture 12.

Saya pernah ngasih tau kamu mengenai mic technique

mic

technique ---

Noun

phrase oversight

13.

Memang masalah suara itu jangan dianggap enteng. Ya memang kita semua disini pake ear monitor ya.

ear monitor --- Noun phrase introduction and development of new culture.

B. Data Analysis Datum 1:

“Kalo buat saya kamu bisa berkomunikasi dengan penonton, kamu relax.”

The utterance above contains only one word of code mixing. It is the word relax which is a noun. Relax means “mengendurkan, bersenang-senang, bersantai”. The factor that influences the speaker using this word is because of low frequency of word. This

word has more stable meaning than the word “bersantai”. The speaker meant relax here

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refers to having ourselves fun. “Bersantai” refers to sitting on a lounge chair while

you’re not doing anything.

Datum 2:

“Tapi pembukaannya kamu turun terus pitchnya.”

The utterance above has one code mixing. It is the word pitch which is a noun. It is the music terminology. The word pitch means “pola titinada” but this meaning in Bahasa Indonesia is not familiar at all. Since 2003, there have been many singing competitions on Indonesian television. The judges or the commentators usually used the word pitch when they were giving comments to the contestant, so the word is more familiar to the people in Indonesia rather than its meaning in Bahasa Indonesia. In fact, the Indonesian Idol viewers did not know the real meaning of the word pitch in Bahasa Indonesia. It has more stable meaning if it is said in English. So, the speaker used this word because of low frequency of word.

Datum 3:

“Pada saat lagi chorus kamu banyak banget yang turun-turun, kayanya kamu kurang

pemanasan.”

In the utterance the speaker only used one code mixing. It is word chorus which is a noun. It is a music terminology. However, Bahasa Indonesia has the similar word with chorus. Chorus means “refrein” or “ulangan lagu” in Bahasa Indonesia. In Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, the word refrein has been inserted. Refrein means “bagian

yang diulang (terutama dalam nyanyian).” The speaker used it because of social value.

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singing technique. By using the word chorus, the audience would more appreciate her as a professional singer who understood about music terminology.

Datum 4:

“Kalo anda ingin Igo menjadi the next superstar untuk Indonesian idol 2010, ketik

igo.”

The next superstar is the only phrase in this utterance. This phrase contains of three words. They are the as a determiner, next as an adjective and superstar as a noun. The head word in this phrase is superstar so it can be classified as a noun phrase.

The speaker used phrase the next superstar because of introduction and development of the new culture. As the Indonesian Idol has reached six season, there have been five champions of this singing competition. This singing competition is aimed to bear a new superstar every year. So, the host or the judges usually use the next superstar as the new terminology to name the next champion whom haven’t found yet. Datum 5:

“Tapi kalo ternyata karena ini masalah monitor, pada saat kamu GR pada saat kamu

rehearsal kamu harus bisa beraniin diri untuk ngomong sama orang sound engineernya bahwa monitornya kurang kedengeran.”

In this utterance, there are a word and a phrase in English. They are word rehearsal which is noun and phrase sound engineer. The phrase sound engineer consists of two words which is sound as a noun and engineer as a noun too. The head word of this phrase is engineer. The phrase is a noun phrase.

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in Indonesia frequently known as an operator. The speaker used the phrase sound engineer because of oversight. The writer didn’t find any word that similar to sound engineer in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. So, the writer concluded that the speaker

used this phrase because of oversight. There’s no appropriate word similar with the

definition of the phrase sound engineer in Bahasa Indonesia.

Based on Oxford dictionary, rehearsal is time that is spent practicing a play or piece of music in preparation for a public performance. In John Echols and Hasan Shadily dictionary, rehearsal means “latihan, ulangan, repetisi”. The speaker used this word because of low frequency of word. If the speaker used word “latihan”, the

audience would be confused of it. The word “latihan” did not clearly explain the

complete definition of rehearsal itself. Datum 6:

“Klo misalnya memang itu ternyata kamu kurang vocalization, ya berarti next time

kamu harus lebih banyak vocalization.”

In the utterance above, there are two code mixing. They are word vocalization and the other is phrase next time. Word vocalization is a noun while next time is an adverbial phrase. Next time contains two words namely next which is a n adverb and time which is a noun. The head word of the phrase is next.

The speaker used the word vocalization because of social value. The word vocalization is singing terminology. Vocalization means the act of vocalizing, or the state being vocalized. There’s no similar word in Bahasa Indonesia to state the word vocalization clearly. So, the speaker used this word because of oversight.

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“Pergantian dari chest voice kamu sama ke falset kamu sangat luar biasa halus, kalo

buat saya kamu bisa jadi pop idol.”

The utterance above has two phrases without any single word in English. The first phrase is chest voice that has two words, chest and voice. Chest is a noun and voice is a noun. So, the phrase chest voice is a noun phrase. There is another phrase in this utterance namely pop idol. This phrase is same as the phrase before. It can be categorized as a noun phrase. The word pop in the phrase is a noun and the other word idol is also a noun.

The writer neither found word falset in Oxford dictionary nor in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. However the writer only found word falsetto. It is an English word. Falsetto means an unusually high voice, especially the voice that men use to sing very high notes.

The phrase chest voice is frequently used in singing competition. It is the singing terminology. A few people in Indonesia know that the meaning of the phrase chest voice

in Bahasa Indonesia is “suara dada.” The writer ever found in one of music programs on

television, a famous vocal couch, Bertha said the phrase “suara dada” not chest voice when she was teaching the contestant of a singing competition. However, based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, there is no phrase in Bahasa Indonesia that similar to chest voice phrase. So, the writer concluded that the judge used the phrase chest voice because of oversight.

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Datum 8:

“Hanya ada satu Agnes Monica dan saya tahu lagu itu memang udah menjadi

trademarknya Agnes.”

The utterance above has only one code mixing namely trademark. This word can be categorized as a noun. The meaning of trademark in Bahasa Indonesia is “cap or

merek dagang.” The speaker used the word trademark because of pernicious

homonymy. The speaker used the word in English rather than in Bahasa Indonesia

because it has more stable meaning. The word “merek dagang” refers to a product while

Agnes Monica is not a product. So, the listener would not be confused of it. Datum 9:

“Semua penyanyi itu pernah ngalamin yang namanya adrenaline rush.”

Adrenaline rush is the mixing phrase in this utterance. This phrase contains two words, they are adrenaline which is a noun and rush which is also a noun. So, the phrase above is a noun phrase.

The speaker used the phrase adrenaline rush because it is difficult to find the right meaning of the phrase in Bahasa Indonesia. This phrase cannot be satisfactorily translated into Bahasa Indonesia. This phrase is frequently used by Indonesian people if they face any challenges. The speaker used this phrase because of low frequency of word.

Datum 10:

“Sebelum melihat penampilan mereka, kita akan menyapa dulu our gorgeous judges.”

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words that has different word class, but this phrase has a head word namely judges. So, this phrase can be classified as noun phrase.

Based on John Echols dictionary, gorgeous in Bahasa Indonesia means “indah,

permai.” In Oxford dictionary, gorgeous means very beautiful and attractive, giving

pleasure and enjoyment. The speaker used this phrase because of low frequency of word. Gorgeous involves outer and inner appearance especially the personality. The word gorgeous has more stable meaning if it is said in English rather than in Bahasa Indonesia.

Datum 11:

“Line voting sudah dibuka mulai dari sekarang jadinya anda bisa langsung sms dan

dukung idola favorit anda”

In this utterance there is only one code mixing. It is the phrase line voting that consists of two words, line as a noun and voting as a noun. The head word of this phrase is voting and the phrase can be categorized as noun phrase.

For the last ten years, there have been many reality shows on television station in Indonesia including singing competition like Akademi Fantasi Indosiar (Indosiar), Kontes Dangdut TPI (TPI), Kontes Dangdut Indosiar (Indosiar), Mendadak Dangdut (TPI), Idola Cilik (RCTI), Mamamia (Indosiar), Stardut (Indosiar), Dreamband (Trans 7).19 A few years before, the champion in singing competition was still determined by the judges. However, in the next decade, the champion is determined by line voting. Television viewers sent message to a fix number to vote their idols. Other reality shows outside singing competition like Seleb Dance (ANTV), Penghuni Terakhir (Antv), Indonesian Model (Indosiar), Katakan Cinta (RCTI), and The Master (RCTI) also

19

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follow the line voting method. Till now, line voting has been a new method to determine who the champion of the show is. So, the speaker used the phrase line voting because of introduction and development of new culture.

Datum 12:

“Saya pernah ngasih tau kamu mengenai mic technique”

Mic technique is the only code mixing in the utterance above. Mic is the brief form of microphone. Microphone is a noun and technique is also a noun. The head word of this phrase is technique and it can be categorized as a noun phrase.

Mic technique is microphone technique, specifically vocal microphone technique, refers to how you hold (and possibly move) the microphone when singing.20 Mic technique is a singing terminology. This word doesn’t have the similar meaning in Bahasa Indonesia. So, the speaker used this word because of oversight.

Datum 13:

“Memang masalah suara itu jangan dianggap enteng ya, memang kita semua disini pake

ear monitor ya”

The utterance above contains one code mixing. It is the phrase ear monitor that can be classified as noun phrase with monitor as the head word. This phrase contains two words namely ear as a noun and monitor as a noun too.

An in-ear monitor is a small, custom-fit earpiece headphone, consisting of a high quality driver combination tuned to offer a specific frequency response, or "sound signature".21 A few years ago, the judges in a singing festival only could listen to the

contestants’ voice via sound system. The judges couldn’t clearly listen to the

contestants’ voice when they were singing. However, today as everything becomes

20

http://www.rodbest.com/Downloads/MICROPHONE%20TECHNIQUE.pdf 21

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more sophisticated and technology has been developed, more device and equipment’s

been created. One of them is ear monitor. This device can facilitate the judges in

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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

In this research, the writer found and analyzed 13 data which contained Code Mixing case in Indonesian Idol Singing Competition Season 6. As explained in Chapter 3, the 13 data analyzed were the comments of the judges especially Agnes Monica and the utterances of Daniel Mananta as a host when he was presenting the program.

The writer used theory of word and phrase for the first research question and the theory of Weinrich, about the factors influencing Code Mixing. The writer also used Jacobson theory about language function that Code Mixing occurs not only on dialogue but also on monologue.

From 13 data, the writer found 9 data contained Code Mixing in phrase. All of the data are noun phrase. The data also contained Code Mixing in word. There are 6 data and all the data are noun.

The second research question is about the factor influencing Code Mixing. The writer found 6 factors. They were pernicious homonimy in 1 datum, oversight in 4 data, low frequency of word in 5 data, introduction and development of a new culture in 4 data and social value in 1 datum.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alwasilah, A. Chaedar. Sosiologi Bahasa. Bandung: Angkasa, 1985.

Aslinda and Leni Syafyahya. Pengantar Sosiolinguistik. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama, 2007.

Chaer, Abdul and Leonie Agustina. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2004.

Echols, Jhon M. and Hassan Shadily. Kamus Bahasa Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta : Gramedia, 1996.

Farkhan, Muhammad. Introduction to Linguistics. Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2006. Farkhan, Muhammad. Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: Penerbit Cella, 2006. Fasold, Ralph. The Sociolinguistics of Society. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Fernald, James G. English Grammar Simplified. New York: Barnes & Noble Book,

1963.

Frank, Marcella. Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide. USA: New York University, 1972.

Hoffman, Charlotte. An Introcuction To Bilingualism. London: Longman, 1991. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat Departemen Pendidikan

Nasional. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008

Kridalaksana, Harimurti. Kamus Linguistik. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008. Kushartanti, et. al. Pesona Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005. Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Sixth Edition. New York: Oxford

University Press, 2000

Saville-Troike, Muriel. The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1982.

Nababan, P. W. J. Sosiolinguistik: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1993.

Hazard, Patrick D. and Mary E. Hazard. Language and Literary Today. Chicago: Science Research Associates, Inc., 1987.

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Weinreich, Uriel. Languages in Contact: Finding and Problem. New York : Mouton Publishers the Houge, 1963

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acara_realitas accessed on Feb, 17th 2011 08:27

http://www.rodbest.com/Downloads/MICROPHONE%20TECHNIQUE.pdf accessed

on Feb, 17th 2011 10:25

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CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DETAILS

Name : Nopita Mulyani

Place and date of birth: Jakarta, November 21st 1987

Gender : Female

Religion : Islam

Marital Status : Single Nationality : Indonesia

Address : Jl.Saibun Rt.011/04 No. 51 Susukan Ciracas Jak-Tim 13750 Handphone : 0856 101 8989

Phone : 021 877 81 431

Email : nopita_mulyani@yahoo.com Id. No : 09.5410.611187.0191

FORMAL EDUCATION

University/school Faculty/Majoring Year

Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta

English Letters

Department 2006-2010

SMAN 58 Jakarta Sciences 2003-2006

MTsN 7 MODEL Jakarta - 2000-2003

SDN Susukan 08 pagi - 1994-2000

NON FORMAL EDUCATION ---

ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCES

Year Position

2006-2009 Committee of BEM-J English Letters Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

2003-2005 Committee of ROHIS 58 Jakarta 2003-2004 Committee of OSIS SMAN 58 Jakarta

CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP EXPERIENCE

Time and Place Status Program Organizer

Jakarta, May 12th, 2007

Committee The 7th

Anniversary of English Letters Department

Code mixing analysis of the judges comments and the host utterances on fine episodes of workshop round in Indonesia idol singing competition season 6

CODE MIXING ANALYSIS OF THE JUDGES COMMENTS AND THE HOST UTTERANCES ON FIVE EPISODES OF WORKSHOP ROUND IN

By: Nopita Mulyani

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

NOPITA MULYANI 106026001012

APPROVEMENT

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

DECLARATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LEGALIZATION ... iii

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAME WORK ... 8

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

B. Focus of the Study

D. Significance of the Study

1. Objective of the Research

3. Data Analysis

CHAPTER II

A. Code Switching and Code Mixing

B. Word

C. Phrases

D. Language Function

E. Factors Influencing Code Mixing

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description

CHAPTER IV

A. Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DETAILS

FORMAL EDUCATION

University/school Faculty/Majoring Year

ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCES

Year Position

CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP EXPERIENCE

Time and Place Status Program Organizer