ANALYSIS OF SYMBOLS USED BY KANGEAN PEOPLE IN
PANGKAK TRADITIONAL CEREMONY
THESIS
By:
LAILYA SEPTY AMALYAH
09360069
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
ANALYSIS OF SYMBOLS USED BY KANGEAN PEOPLE IN
PANGKAK TRADITIONAL CEREMONY
THESIS
By:
LAILYA SEPTY AMALYAH
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
ANALYSIS OF SYMBOLS USED BY KANGEAN PEOPLE IN
PANGKAK TRADITIONAL CEREMONY
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
LAILYA SEPTY AMALYAH
09360069
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
---Time is more than money---
“
...Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe, and those who
have been granted knowledge”
(QS. Al-Mujaadilah:11)
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved mother and father,
My dearest brother and my big family,
The apple of my eyes,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises and thanks be to Allah S.W.T, the most beneficent and the most merciful. With His help, guide, and blessing, the writer is able to finish this thesis. Invocation and peace are delivered to Prophet Muhammad S.A.W for having guided human being including the writer to the straightway, Islam.
The writer would express the gratitude to her advisors, Drs. Jarum, M.Ed. and Santi Prastiyowati, S.Pd. for their guidance, kindness, and patience in giving their precious time and knowledge during consultation period. To all English Department lecturers, thanks for giving knowledge, attention, and guide during her study in this university.
Besides, the writer is deeply grateful to beloved mother Arifah and her father M. Fajar Muhafi, S.Pd., her brother Adistya Umar Akbar, also all of Kwe Kim Pou family who always pray and give support to her until finishing this thesis. Moreover, the writer also thanks to A. Ahsan, her best friends (Ayu, Ria, Isty, Lis), and B-Brothers English 09 who always give her affection. Thanks for togetherness we had.
Finally, the writer hopes this thesis would be very helpful for the next works that will be done.
Malang, 28 October 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Research Problems ... 2
1.3 Research Objectives ... 3
1.4 Scope and Limitation ... 4
1.5 Significance of the Research ... 4
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6
2.1 Language and Culture ... 6
2.2 Pangkak ... 7
2.3 Symbol ... 7
2.3.1 Kinds of Symbol ... 9
2.3.1.1 Natural Symbol ... 9
2.3.1.2 Private Symbol ... 10
2.2 Current Literature Relevant to the Research Questions ... 11
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 12
3.1 Research Design ... 12
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 18
4.1 Findings ... 18
4.1.1 Symbols on Pangkak Ceremony ... 18
4.1.1.1 Symbols on Traditional Uniform ... 18
4.1.1.2 Symbols on Traditional Dance ... 19
4.1.2 Meaning of Symbols ... 21
4.1.2.1 Symbols on Traditional Uniform ... 21
4.1.2.2 Symbols on Traditional Dance ... 22
4.1.2.3 Symbols on Traditional Song ... 23
4.1.3 Relationship of Symbols and Kangean Culture ... 24
4.2 Discussion ... 24
4.2.1 Conventional Symbols on Pangkak ... 25
4.2.2 Natural Symbols on Pangkak ... 26
4.2.3 Private Symbol on Pangkak ... 27
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 28
5.1 Conclusion ... 28
5.2 Suggestion ... 29
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, et. al. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education. Canada: Wadsworth
Baker, Anne and Kees Hengeveld (Ed). 2012. Linguistics. Singapore: Ho Printing Singapore Pte Ltd.
Chandler, Daniel. 2002. Semiotics. New York: Routledge
Coupland, Nikolas and Adam Jaworski (Ed). 1997. Sociolinguistics. USA: ST. MARTIN’S PRESS INC.
Crowther, Jonathan (Ed). 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fatimah, Dwi Fitri. 2004. Study on symbols in ‘Ruwatan’ tradition in Sukolilo
Tuban. Thesis. Unpublished. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Kottak, Conrad Philip. 1991. Cultural Anthropology. New York: McGraw- Hill
Companies, Inc.
Martin, Judith N., et. al. 2001. Intercultural Communication. USA: The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.
Matsumoto, David. 1996. Culture and Psychology. USA: Brook/ Cole Publishing Company.
Neuman, W. Laurence. 2000. Social Research Methods Qualitative and
Quantitative Approaches. USA: University of Wisconsin at Whitewater. Samovar, Larry A. and Richard E. Porter. 2001. Communication Between
Cultures. USA: Thomson Learning, Inc.
Siswanto, Lutsfi. 2012. Searching for Identity of Modern Kangean People.
(Online), (http://maduraberaksi.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_24.html) Spencer-Oatey, Helen (Ed). 2008. Culturally Speaking;Culture, Communication
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents such topics as : background of study, research problems, research objectives, scope and limitation, significance of the research, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.
1.1Background of Study
Culture is shared learned behavior which is transmitted from one generation to another for the purpuses of promoting individual and social survival, adaptation, and growth and development (Marsella, in Samovar and Richard: 2001). Culture, consists of what is usually called „high culture‟: literature, music, painting, etc., but also the much wider domain of values, norms, and customs of a society (Baker and Kees, 2012). According to Spencer-Oatey, culture is manifested through co-occurring regularities within the social group. These regularities can be found in a wide range of elements, including basic assumptions, fundamental values, deep-seated orientations to life, attitudes, beliefs, policies, procedures and behavioural conventions (2008). Matsumoto (1996) states:
Culture is an elusive, abstract concept that forms the basis for much of our understanding of life. It is sum of all the learned ways of living that have been carried down from one generation to the next in the form of rituals, tradition, heritage, and behaviors. Culture is the set of programmed responses that we and our ancestors before us have learned to adapt to our environment and to others around us in daily living. It is, in fact, the software of our minds.
2 many races, ethnics, and customs; it makes Indonesia rich of cultures, especially traditional cultures.
Traditional culture is the soul of society that can show the character of one society it self, people in society express their ideas or feelings with arts such as: dance, song, painting, etc. According to Nanda (in Samovar and Richard: 2001), the link between art and culture can be found in every culture: art is a symbolic way of communicating. One of the most important functions of art is to communicate, display, and reinforce important cultural themes and values. The arts thus have an integrative function in society.
Kangean, which is known as Bekisar Island has many traditional cultures, one of them is Pangkak.Pangkak is a traditional ceremony for harvest moment. The word
Pangkak has meaning „cut‟ in Maduranese. Pangkak ceremony is done by Kangean people in ricefield to enrich togetherness and as a „ thank God‟ ceremony. There are many symbols used in Pangkak ceremony, each symbol has relationship with general culture of Kangean people.
Macionis stated that a symbol is anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture (in Samovar and Richard: 2001). The symbols used in traditional ceremony become a unique identity of some regions in Indonesia, because they can reflect the culture that has diversity each other.
3 the symbols that related to culture is important to enrich knowledge of sociolinguistic. Thus, the researcher is extremely interested in conducting a research
and writing it in a thesis entitled “Analysis of Symbols Used by Kangean People in
PangkakTraditional Ceremony”.
Pangkak traditional ceremony with their general culture?
1.3Research Objectives
According to the question exposed in the statement of problems, this study is intended:
4
1.4Scope and Limitation
This research is focuses on Pangkak traditional ceremony done by Kangean people and highlights on its symbols. Because there is no formal document about
Pangkak itself, this research is limited to only study based on observation and interview, and also focused in Angon-Angon Village.
1.5Significance of the Research
Theoretically, this analysis can enlarge the sociolinguistic study especially about symbol in traditional ceremony.
Practically, the result of this study can give information and knowledge to teachers and students who want to analysis symbols. It may also help further researchers who want to develop and continue another analysis of the related topic of this study.
1.6Key Terms
To avoid the misinterpretation, it is necessary to define the key terms, they are described as follow:
1. Symbol is an image, object, etc that suggest or refers to something else (Crowther, 1995). In this study, symbols refers to words, things used, and actions done by Kangean people in Pangkak ceremony which have certain meanings.
2. Pangkak is traditional ceremony done by Kangean people on harvest
5 3. Tradition is the passing of beliefs or customs from one generation to the next (Crowther, 1995). In this study, tradition refers to some acts relate to the culture and become routine every harvest time.
