THE COMPLETENESS, BREADTH AND DEPTH : A COMPARISON BETWEEN INDONESIA AND CAMBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEXTBOOK FOR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

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By:

Chandra Sinurat 4123342003 Bilingual Biology Education

THESIS

Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for The Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCE

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN MEDAN

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The Completeness, Breadth and Depth : A Comparison between Indonesia and Cambridge High School Biology Textbook for Respiratory System

(Chandra Sinurat, 4123342003) ABSTRACT

This research was aimed to compare High School Biology Textbook Indonesia Publisher and Cambridge Publisher. Comparison was made based on completeness, breadth and depth of book content got by using assesment instrument from Badan Standard Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP). The biology textbooks from Indonesia are Buku Standard Elektronik (BSE) published by Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Biologi SMA dan MA Kelas XI by Erlangga Esis, Biologi SMA/MA Bailmu Kelas XI by Bumi Aksara and from Cambridge University Publisher is Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology Course book Fourth Edition. The books sample was taken purposively. The result show that book from Cambridge got score 4 and so do three Indonesia books for completeness aspect. All books got score 4 for breadth aspect. Cambridge book got score 3 and for three Indonesia books got score 4 for depth aspect. Although the book from Cambridge publisher got score lower than Indonesia book but the concept is more understandable and clear. The explanation about Smoking, Tobacco smoke and Disease in human respiratory more clear in Cambridge than Indonesia book.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thanks to the God which are in heaven for his bless and love in everyday

and every time. Because of his love and grace, strength that given to me in

completimg this thesis. The writer also give thanks to all people that can’t be

listed all the names who supported her in completing this thesis.

The deepest gratitude and thanks for my thesis supervisor, Mr Syarifuddin

M.Sc., Ph.D. who has given support, suggestion and motivation in writing this

thesis, without his guidance, this thesis would not have been possible to finish.

The writer also thanks to academic supervisor Dr. Ely Djulia, M.Pd who has given

support at least four years to the writer from beginning until the end of

examination.

This thesis wouldn’t be completed without supports, gudances, and

suggestion from many division. First and foremost, my appreciation goes to the

Dean of Mathematic and Science Faculty, Dr. Asrin Lubis, M.Pd, Coordinator of

Bilingual Study Program, Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, the Head of Biology

Department , Dr. Hasruddin, M.Pd, and for thesis examiners, Prof. Dr. Herbert

Sipahutar, M.S., M.Sc, Dr. Tumiur Gultom, S.P., M.P, Dra. Meida Nugrahalia,

M.Sc and Drs. Tri Harsono, M.Si for their important comments and suggestions to

make this thesis better.

The writer also greatly appreciate for the contribution of Digital Library

State University of Medan and all the staff for the kindness to give the writer

chance to do research there.

Special greatest thanks also give to my awesome parents, Morlen Sinurat

and Senneria Sihombing for their unending love and care from I started this

research until finished, to my best brother Rafael Sinurat and my sisters Sani and

Vita Sinurat.

Thanks a lot for all of my family in Bilingual Biology 2012 especially and

my friends in cost for all of their care. Writer try the best to finished this thesis,

but realize that are so many lackness and weakness especially in content. The

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Medan, 25 July 2016

Writer,

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REFERENCES 42

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LIST OF FIGURE

Page

Figure 1.1 Mammalian respiratory system 14

Figure 4.1 Result of Completeness Book Content 31 Figure 4.2 Result of Breadth Book Content 33

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LIST OF TABLE

Page Table 3.1 Domain about Respiratory System in KTSP Indonesia 21 Table3.2 Domain about Respiratory System in Cambridge Curriculum 22

Table 3.3 Analyzed Biology Textbooks 23

Table 3.4 The Research Instrument 24

Table 3.5 Content completeness scoring 24

Table 3.6 Content breadth scoring 25

Table 3.7 Content depth scoring 25

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LIST OF APPENDIX

Page

Appendix 1 Syllabus of Book Sample 45

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The textbook have a role as source of potential learning as what students

learn from textbooks and the practicality of that learning is mediated by the school

context teacher, peers, instruction, and assignments. (Mahmood, 2011)

Indonesia, textbooks required to be used in primary and secondary education units

or colleges that contains the subject matter (Ministerial Regulation No. 11 of

2005). Textbook is one important variable in successful learning. Textbooks play

an important role in the learning process, curriculum and instruction, especially in

developing countries (Chiapetta ,2007)

Usability textbooks described by Satromiharjo (2012) that textbook is a

book that is designed for use in class carefully structured and prepared by experts

and equipped with the tools appropriate and equitable in teaching. The textbook

is a learning tool that is commonly used in schools and university to support a

teaching program. It relates to statement Wardani (2012) said that a textbook

compiled by experts in their field, used at certain levels and is equipped with a

means of learning. In many parts of the world, the textbook is the only resource

for the teacher and to make matters worse, textbooks become the curriculum and

determine to a great extent what is taught and learned in the classroom (Khalick et

al. 2008).

Related to PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) an

international program to evaluate the ability of reading, science and math of

students that scientific literacy skills of students Indonesia is still below standard.

results of PISA 2009, Indonesia was ranked 61 of 65 participating countries with

an average score of 391, while international average 500 (OECD, 2010). The

results of PISA 2012, Indonesia was ranked 64 of 65 participating countries with

an average score of 375, while the international average score 500 (OECD, 2013).

Related to scientific literacy, besides the syllabus, curriculum and teachers,

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students. Textbooks are the most frequently used learning support material and the

availability of high quality textbooks is one of the critical factors in the successful

implementation of educational reform. Learning from textbook add another

dimension to the completeness of the learning process, these dimensions are texts

and information process. Science textbooks need to show science in various parts

that support students in mastering the learning material (Swanapoel, 2010). The

existence of textbooks is very important because it the textbook is one of the basic

tools in science education.

Chiappetta & Filman (2007) stated that in general science textbooks

combines discussion about the nature of science, to engage students in activities to

collect information and conduct laboratory investigations, outlining the

relationship between science, technology and society. That science text book will

be able to encourage the students to improve thinking ability and is not just

understand terminology. Science text book should aid in development of learned

societies in technology and science (Deani, 2013). It is not only contains about

knowledge or science concepts but also develop science process and the link

science to technology and society.

Leads to the biology, the main thing that until now found on biology

textbooks which the contents of the book that has been through several curriculum

tend to be equal or less unchanged. Redjeki (1997) in Purnomo (2003) said that

textbooks Indonesian students who consumed at least 50 years of the latest

developments of modern science, some common weaknesses are translations of

foreign books and incompatible with the conditions of Indonesian society, the

language used does not fit with the level of education, too many materials. On the

other hand Kamil (2010) Textbooks used in class need careful reviewing by

teachers. If, for example, there are too many new words on a page, these need to

be clarified so meaningful reading occurs. Adequate time then needs to be given

each new word so that pupils understand what is read.

Indonesia based on National Education Ministerial Decree No. 2 of 2008

chapter 4 section 1: ”Textbooks in primary and secondary education levels

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Agency ( BSNP ) before being used by teachers or students as a learning resource

in the educational unit”. Aspects to be considered is suitability materials,

presentation materials, use of language and readability the quality of training and

the questions presented, and accessibility of textbooks.

In other country like Malaysia, they also did an evaluation of textbooks

which is called “ Vetting of Textbooks”, which is the minister of education said

that textbooks must be accordance with the curriculum and has two important

aspects in the text book are graphic and design.

According to PP No. 19 of 2005, which is a good text book has four

components, namely worthiness component content, language, presentation,

graphic, and explanation. A good textbooks are books:

1. Minimal refers to the standards and basic competencies.

2. Contains information, messages, and the knowledge contained in the form

written which be communicated to the reader especially teachers and

students, logically, easily accepted.

3. The concepts presented in an interesting, interactive and stimulate the

process of critical thinking, creativity, innovation, Breadth of thinking

and self evaluation.

4. Attractive display, easy to read and use and physical quality of the book.

The selection of topic is based on random sampling, which is all the

topics in the book samples drawn by researcher then the topics selected when the

draw occur the respiratory system got by researcher and use to be discussed.

Furthermore system of the body is a very important matter and is closely related

to daily activities of living things include human. Respiratory system is the

subject matter that has been introduced at elementary schools continues even in

junior high school and discussed more in senior high school. In senior high school

body systems obligated subject that will always exist. Based on research Tekayya

(2002)that students have difficulty learning, especially in the discussion of body

systems such as the concept of the nervous system, respiratory, excretion and

digestion are considered the most difficult after genetics. Supported by (Cimer,

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protein synthesis, respiratory and photosynthesis, gaseous exchange, energy, cells,

mitosis and meiosis, organs, physiological processes, hormonal regulation,

oxygen transport, genetics, Mendelian genetics, genetic engineering, and the

central nervous system can be perceived as difficult to learn by secondary school

students.

Based on some reasons or background above this research important to

held to know about biology textbook in senior high school with title “The

Completeness, Breadth and Depth : A Comparison Between Indonesia and

Cambridge High School Biology Textbook for Respiratory System Topic” and is

expected to enhance the knowledge of students, especially in the matter

respiratory system.

1.2 Problem Identification

Based on the background description above, researcher identified the

problem as follows :

1) There are difference in feasibility content between Indonesia and

Cambridge Science textbook.

2) Textbook in Indonesia contain same concept although the curriculum

have changed.

3) Research about book comparison in Indonesia with other countries is

limited.

4) Respiratory system is one of topic in biology that difficult to learn for

secondary school.

1.3 Problem Scope

Scope of problem for directing the research namely :

1) Textbooks that compared namely biology textbooks from Indonesia

and Cambridge publisher.

2) The comparison area completeness, breadth and depth and in each

book using Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP) assessment to

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3) The topic discussed in this research is Respiratory System.

1.4 Problem Formulation

The problem formulation namely :

1) Which is book that has the most complete in respiratory system ?

2) Which is book that discuss respiratory system breadther ?

3) Which is book that discuss respiratory system depther ?

1.5 Research Objectives

Some objectives of this research are :

1) Conducting a study about the breadth of matter in Senior High School

Biology textbooks with topic Respiratory System.

2) Conducting a study about the depth of matter in Senior High School

Biology textbooks with topic Respiratory System.

3) Conducting a study about the completeness of matter in Senior High

School Biology textbooks with topic Respiratory System.

4) Finding the country which has most understanding textbook in

respiratory system.

1.6 Significances of Research

This observation expected benefit for :

1) Teachers

a. Helping for choosing the right biology textbook for using in

learning appropriate levels of student.

b. Matching the breadth, width and completeness of textbooks with

curriculum that exist.

2) Publisher

a. Helping editing of textbooks to match the demands of the

curriculum and the level of students' knowledge.

b. Describing about comparison depth, breadth and completeness of

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3) UNIMED

This thesis can using as additional research literature about book

comparison in width, breadth and completeness.

4) Other Researcher

Addition as reference and comparative material in relevant field in the

future.

1.7Operational Definition

There are some several point that using for evaluation on samples :

1. The Completeness of materials means materials presented includes all

matter contained in the Competency Standards and the Basic

Competency.

2. The Depth aspect that is The material presented introduction of the

concepts, definitions, procedures, views, examples, cases, exercises,

accordance with syllabus and competence and accordance with

education level learners.

3. The Breadth aspect that is reflects description that support achievement

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have been analyzed compatible with the curriculum, lot of similarities and few

topic that do not discussed.

1. All the books from different publisher have same position in completeness

aspect for respiratory system topic.

2. The Cambridge and three Indonesia books have the same position for depth

aspect in discussion of respiratory system.

3. Three Indonesia books have deeper discussion of respiratory system than

Cambridge book for depth aspect.

5.2Recommendation

Some suggestion based on result of research :

1. The use of textbook for teacher first should be adjust with what curriculum

need or specific the matching with Standard and Basic competence in the

Curriculum. Book compiled based on requirements of curriculum and not

contrary the curriculum developed by the book.

2. Teacher can use the textbook from another country such as Cambridge

publisher as reference book as additional material and some new information

that existed in that book with related topic.

3. Student should have reference book and not only use one textbook to help for

content comparison and some new material as enrichment for the topic that

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