DEVELOPING SPEAKING MATERIAL BASED ON TASK-
BASED LEARNING FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE
STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
SOIBATUL ASLAMIAH NASUTION
Registration Number: 2122121042
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
i ABSTRACT
Nasution, Soibatul Aslamiah. Registration Number: 2122121042. Developing Speaking Material Based on Task-Based Learning for the Seventh Grade Students of Junior High School. A Thesis. English Education Program, State University of Medan, 2017.
The objective of this study is to develop speaking materials based on task-based learning for the seventh grade students of junior high school. It was found that the speaking materials provided in the students’ textbook were not enough for classroom use. This research was conducted based on educational research and development (R&D) through five steps, namely: need analysis, planning (designing the syllabus, designing the first draft of the material, expert judgment and revision, and writing final draft of the material. The subject of this study was VII-7 students at SMP Negeri 27 Medan. The data were taken from interviewing the English teacher and distributing questionnaire for 38 students. Based on the need analysis conducted the students need speaking materials which are related to their daily life and could support their learning activity. Thus, developing material is based on task-based learning. The products have been validated by two experts. The average scores are 4.0 from English lecturer and 4.3 from English teacher. It is categorized good. It means that the developed speaking materials are suitable for the seventh grade students of junior high school.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to Allah SWT, for His blessings, so that the writer can finish the Thesis for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the attainment of Sarjana Pendidikan degree in English education entitled “Developing Speaking Material for the Seventh Grade Students of Junior High School”.
First of all, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude for many people have helped her in finishing this Thesis:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of Ed, the amazing Advisors that given encouragement, advice, suggestion, attention and criticized the writer.
Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum and Chairiyah Sitompul, S.Pd, her Validators for reviewing the products.
Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd, the Administration Staff of English Department.
Hj. Masraya, S.Pd, the Headmaster of SMP Negeri 27 Medan for giving the permission to conduct this research at that school.
Sri Haryati, S.Pd, the English Teacher of SMP Negeri 27 Medan for helping the researcher during the research.
Her parents, who always support and pray for every steps of the writer, Mr. Dahmad Nasution and Mrs. Warni Nasution.
Her siblings, who always give motivation to finish her study, Munawir Gozali Nasution and Miftahul Rizky Nasution.
Her friends, who have given motivation and spirit during these 4 years, Anggi Yulihar, Wita Nurhikmah, Seri Dewi S. Tindaon, Nurasiah Lubis.
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Her classmates in Education 12 Regular C, especially Anggita Kasandra Lubis, Frickson Siburian, Betharia S. Pandia, Yeslika Debora Br. Bangun, Malawita, Suchroni Panjaitan and everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one for sharing care and support to the researcher in accomplishing this Thesis.
Special gratitude for SMP Negeri 27 Medan as the place that research took place, especially grade VII-8 for being the subject of this research.
Finally, I hope that this Thesis will be useful for the readers. However, I realize this Thesis is not perfect yet. Therefore, any criticism, ideas and suggestions for the improvement of this Thesis are greatly appreciated.
Medan, April 2017 The Writer,
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c. Basic Principles of Teaching Materials Development ... 23
v
D.The Techniques of Developing Materials ... 30
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT...34
A.Need Analysis ... 34
a. Target Needs... 34
b. Learning Needs ... 35
B.Planning (Designing the Syllabus) ... 37
C.Designing the First Draft Material ... 38
a. The Title ... 39
b. The Standard of Competence and the Basic Competence ... 39
c. Indicators of Competence and Achievement ... 40
d. Input ... 41
e. Language ... 41
f. Activities ... 42
g. Media ... 43
D. Experts Judgment and Revision ... 43
E.Designing the Final Draft of the Material ... 43
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 45
A.Conclusion ... 45
B.Suggestion ... 45
REFERENCESS ... 47
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 The Process of Speaking Task ... 17
Table 3.1 The Target Needs of the Students……… 29
Table 3.2 The Learner’s Needs……… 29
Table 3.3 The Organization of the Questionnaire……… 30
Table 3.4 The scores of each scale ... 32
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Pages
Figure 2.1. The Components of Tasks ... 15
Figure 2.2. The Framework of the Task-Based Learning Process ... 18
Figure 2.3. Conceptual Framework of the Research ... 26
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A ... 51
Appendix B... 54
Appendix C... 57
Appendix D ... 66
Appendix E ... 72
Appendix F ... 78
Appendix G ... 84
1
BAB I
INTRODUCTION
A.The Background of The Study
English as an international language becomes a reason why the people
learn English language. English is very useful for many situations, for example in
entertainment, technology, business and educational context. The importance of
learning English becomes one of the significant reasons why English language is
included as a lesson in the curriculum 2006 (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan).
In Indonesia, English is a foreign language that is taught in every school
from the elementary to the university level. Based on KTSP, students of junior
high school should master four skills as stated in standard competence, namely
speaking, reading, listening and writing.Speaking becomes one of the most
important aspects in learning and getting information. Brown (2001) states that
speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves
producing, receiving, and processing information. Based on the definition, it can
be said that the people can give the ideas and exchange the information with
others through interactive process.
Based on curriculum 2006, the seventh grade students of Junior High
School are expected to be able to express meaning in simple transactional and
interpersonal conversation to interact with the immediate environment. In fact,
based on the preliminary observation in seventh grade of SMP Negeri 27 Medan
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Thirty eight students in this class, there are 40% of the students that got 1-69, 10
% of the students got 70-79, 30 % of the students got 80-89, and 20% of the
students got 90-100. It indicates that most of them had low motivation to speak
English and their speaking skill was also poor. It means that the students can’t
fulfill the curriculum expectation.
The researcher found some problems that make some students had low
score in speaking skill. The first problem is related to the students. There are
many students that are not confident to use English. For instance, when the
teacher asks them to come forward to have a conversation with friends and act the
dialogue, they refuse it. They were too shy and felt worry if their friends would
laugh at them.
The second problem is related to the material, the students rarely practice
speaking, because the teacher is not teach speaking in the same portion as the
other language skills. There are not enough speaking materials which are ready for
classroom use. Based on curriculum 2006, the students should develop the four
language skills in a balance, but the materials in a course book “English on Sky”
(2006) which is used in grade seven of SMP Negeri 27 Medan focus more on
listening and reading. Whereas, there are some conversation texts that can be used
as speaking materials but the instructions do not ask the students to do a task
which can make them practice using English in speaking. Most lessons of
English are carried out through teacher-centered approaches (Nunan, 2004).
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seeing the conversation. It does not practice by students, the students only follow
the teacher by read the conversations.
The other problem is the materials in English on Sky (2006) did not
completely fulfill the students’ needs. The materials should use local content and
familiar for students (Schoenbach, et al 2012:39). The topic should relate to their
daily life to make the students easily to represent it into their daily activities.
The students need interesting activities, tasks and material to stimulate
them in learning speaking. Language learning materials that can function properly
are those that are presented in the form of tasks. Ellis (2003 in Nunan, 2004: 3-4)
states that a task is intended to result in language use that is similar to the way
language is used in the real world, in real everyday life situation. It will be
more active and enjoyable if the teacher use task speaking material and activity
base on task based learning. The task instructs the students to do and complete
their task. Every task has a clear purpose and contains what the teacher and
students must do.
Kesda (2012) found that task based learning activities supported language
learning and speaking of the students in the classroom. The variet activities in
speaking material for the students were helpful and encouraging. Ruso (2007)
also found that task-based learning was helpful in students’ motivation and
learning. It was encouraged the students’ practice opportunities of the target
language receptivity in the lessons as a result of presenting various tasks.
Based on the findings, it is important to develop a speaking material based on
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speaking material based on task-based learning for the seventh grade studentsin
SMP Negeri 27 Medan.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem of this study was
formulated as the following “How were the English speaking materials developed
based on task-based learning for the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27
Medan?”
C. The Objective of the study
The objective of the study was to develop the speaking material in
transactional, interpersonal and short functional oral text based on task-based
learning for the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan.
D. The Scope of the Study
Base on the background of the study, this research focused on the
development of speaking material based on task-based learning. It was applied in
the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan.
E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of this resesarch were useful for:
1. English teacher, this research can be used as a supplementary materials
for teaching and learning process of speaking.
2. Students, the materials can be used for practice in developing their
speaking ability
3. Other researchers, as a reference for conducting research in relation to
45 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion
The materials in the textbook (English on Sky) which is used in grade seven
of SMP Negeri 27 Medan focus more on listening and reading. The speaking
materials are not enough for classroom use. Therefore the objective of the study
was to develop the speaking material in transactional, interpersonal and short
functional text based on task-based learning. The seventh grade students of SMP
Negeri 27 Medan needed speaking materials which could support their learning
activity.
The English speaking material should be developed through 6 phases, they
were; 1) Need Analysis, 2) Planning (designing the syllabus), 3) Designing the
first draft of the material, 4) Expert judgment, 5) Designing final draft of the
material.
Based on the result of the expert judgment, these developed speaking
materials are appropriate for the seventh grade students of Junior High School.
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, the writer suggested the English teachers,
students and other researchers.
For the English teachers, they should analyze the target and learning needs of
students to choose the most appropriate and best materials for the students. The
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The learning process can be successful if the reading materials were useful
for the students’ daily life.
For the students, they can use the developed speaking material for practice in
developing their speaking ability.
For other researchers, they can develop the speaking materials based on
task-based learning for other grades of students so that teacher will have more speaking
materials ready for the students. Other researcher should find many references to
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