RINGKASAN
TAZUL ARIFIN, "Pemanfaatan Limbah Bulu Ayam Potong Metode
Pengukusan Untuk Bahan Ransum Ayam Potong". (Dibawah bimbingan
Prof. Dr. Basuki Wirjosentoro sebagai Ketua,
Ir,
Sayed Umar, MS dan Ir.
Guslim, MS sebagai Anggota).
Salah satu masalah Iimbah usaha pemotongan ayam adalah bulu ayam
yang merupakan sebahagian sisa dari pengolahan daging ayam. Hasil pemotongan
temak unggas ini dihasilkan rata-rata bobot bulu 4 - 9
%
dari bobot hidup.
Kandungan protein bulu ayam cukup tinggi,yaitu antara 80 - 90
%,
sehingga
berpotensi sebagai pakan altematif bagi industri ayam potong. Kendala utama
penggunaan tepung bulu ayam sebagai pakan adalah adanya ikatan keratin dengan
kandungan
85-90%
dari kandungan proteinnya dengan sifat sukar Iarut dalam air
dan sukar dicema.
Untuk memecahkan ikatan keratin tersebut guna meningkatkan kecemaan
tepung bulu ayam dilakukan dengan beberapa teknik pengolahannya. Berkaitan
dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah bulu
ayam dengan cara pengolahan, yaitu dengan pengukusan dan penggilingan
sebagai bahan pakan ayam potong, sehingga dengan termanfaatkannya limbah
bulu ayam tersebut dapat diatasi limbah bulu ayam dan kekurangan bahan pakan
ayam potong.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 70 ekor ayam jantan boiler
PO 707 berusia satu minggu Produksi Charoen Pokphand. Perlakuan tepung bulu
ayam yang diuji terdiri atas enam macam, yaitu:
(I)
ransum tanpa tepung bulu
ayam (TBO) sebagai kontrol, (2) tepung bulu ayam tanpa direbus (TBK), (3)
tepung bulu ayam direbus selama 30 menit (TBC
30),
(4) tepung bulu ayam
direbus selama 60 menit (TBC
60),
(5) tepung bulu ayam direbus selama 30 menit
ditarnbah NaOH 0,4% (TBD
30),
dan (6) tepung bulu ayam direbus selama 60
ditambah NaOH
0,4%
(TBD 60).
Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok
(RAK) dengan enam perlakukan dan lima ulangan dimana setiap ulangan terdiri
atas dua ekor ayam. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perIakuan terhadap peubah yang
diamati dilakukan analisa ragam (ANOVA), selanjutnya jika berbeda nyata
dilakukan Uji Duncans untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar perlakuan.
Peubah yang diamati adalah berat badan anak, ayam, keinginan makan,
konsumsi nitrogen, ekskresi nitrogen, retensi nitrogen, konsumsi energi, ekskresi
energi, energi metabolis semu, energi metabolis semu terkoreksi nitrogen, energi
metabolis mumi dan energi metabolis mumi terkoreksi nitrogen.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan tepung bulu ayam
memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap nilai retensi nitrogen, serta
sangat nyata (P<O,OI) mempengaruhi kandungan energi metabolis semu (EMS),
energi metabolis mumi (EMM), energi metabolis semu terkoreksi nitrogen
(EMSn) dan energi metabolis
ｭ ｾ ｭｭterkoreksi nitrogen (EMMn).
Nilai retensi nitrogen TBD 30 dan TBD 60 sangat nyata (P<O,O 1) lebih
tinggi dibandingkan TBO, TBK, TBe 30 dan TBe 60. Rataan retensi nitrogen
TBO, TBK, TBC 30, TBC 60, TBD 30 dan TBD 60
berturut-turut
adalah 33,24 %
(0,8661 gram), 39,59 % (1,0283 gram), 36,26 % (0,9450 gram), 37,64 % (0,9816
gram), 48,85 % (1,2512 gram) dan 48,91 % (1,2522 gram).
Kandungan EMS dan EMM dari TED 30 dan 60 sangat nyata (P<O,OI)
Iebih tinggi dibandingkan TBO, TBK, TBC 30 dan TBC 60. Rataan kandungan
EMS dari perlakuan TBO, TBK, TBC 30, TBC 60, TBD 30 dan TBD 60
berturut-turut adalah 1.133,04; 1.155,70; 1.305,Il; 1.335,74; 1.489,71; dan 1.421,73
kkaI/kg, sedangkan rataan
kandungan
EMM adalah 1.154,33; 1.177,42; 1.342,41;
1.360,84; 1.517,70; dan 1.448,44
kkal/kg,
Kandungan EMSn dan EMMn dari TBD 30 dan 60 sangat nyata (P<O.OI)
lebih
tinggi dibandingkan TBO, TBK, TBC 30 dan TBC 60. Rataan kandungan
EMSn dari perlakuan TBO, TBK, TBC 30, TBC 60, TBD 30 dan TBD 60
berturut-turut adalah 1.133,44;
1.156,20;
1.305,61;
1.336,24;
1.490,31; dan
1.422,33 kkal/kg, sedangkan rataan kandungan EMMn adalah 1.154,73; 1.177,92;
1.342,91; 1.361,34; 1.518,30; dan 1.449,04 kkallkg.
Penggunaan ransum TBD 30, yaitu
tepung,
bulu ayam dengan pengukusan
selama 30 menit ditambah larutan NaOH 0,4% lebih baik dalam meningkatkan
pertumbuhan berat badan anak ayarn, kualitas protein dan energi metabolis tepung
bulu ayam dibandingkan dengan pemberian ransum dengan perlakuan TBO, TBK,
TBC 30, TBC 60 dan TBD 60.
ii
SUMMARY
,
TAZUL ARIFIN,
Ｇ ｾ ｕ ｴ ｩｬｩ ｴｴof Broiler Feather Residue for Broiler
Rations (under guidance of Prof. Dr. Basuki Wirjosentoro as Coordinator,
Ir,
Sayed Umar, MS anq Ir. Guslim, MS, as Cineplex Odeon-Coordinator).
One of the problem found in chicken slicing is feather as a part of the
residues of chicken-meat processing. The average produced feather in such a
processing ranged within 4 to 9 percents of fresh weight. The protein contents of
feather is sufficiently high, ranging from 80 to 90 percents that it is potential for
alternative rations in broiler processing industry. The main challenge in using
starch of feather as rations is the existence of keratin-bind with the content range
from 85 to 90 percents of the total protein content which is solvable in water and
hardly to
di
gest,
In order to break the keratin-bind down for increasing in divestability of
the feather starch, some processing methods are used. And therefore, this research
intend to use the feather residue by processing including; steaming and grinding
as a rations for broiler by which the residue of the feather may be avoided and the
lack of the broiler rations.
This research was carried out by using 70 male/masculine broiler (P 707)
aged at a week (produced by Charoen Pokphand). Treatment with the tested
feather starch consisted of six types: (I) rations without feather-starch (TBO) as a
control, (2)
non-boiled feather starch (TBK), (3) feather-starch boiled for 30
minutes (TBC 30), (4) feather-starch boiled for 60 minutes (TBC 60), (5) feather
starch boiled for 30 minutes plus NaOH 0.4% (TBD 30), and feather starch boiled
for 60 minutes plus NaOH 0.4% (TBD 60).
The experiment design used was Split-Randomized Design with six
treatment and five repetitions in which repetitions consist of two broilers. In order
to find the influences of treatment on the observed variables, Variance Analysis
(ANOVA) was used and then, when it has a significantly difference, it is followed
by Duncan-test to find the influences of inner treatment.
The observed variables included body weight of chicken, appetite,
nitrogen
consumptions,
nitrogen
excretion,
nitrogen
retention,
energy
consumption, energy excretion, pseudometabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected
pseudometabolic energy, pure metabolic energy, and nitrogen-corrected pure
pseudometabolic energy.
The finding showed that the feather-starch processing has a significant
effect (P
<
0.05) on the nitrogen retentions rate, and it has a substantially
III
significant effect (P
<
0.01) on the content of pseudometabolic energy (EMS),
pure pseudometabolic energy (EMM), nitrogen-corrected pseudometabolic energy
(EMSn), and nitrogen-corrected pure pseudometabolic energy (EMMn).
The nitrogen retention rates of both TBD 30 and TBD 60 were very
significant higher than TBO, TBK, TBC 30 and TBC 60. The average nitrogen
retention rates of TBO, TBK, TBC 30,
TBC
60, TBD 30 and TBD 60 were
33.24% (0.8661 grams), 39.59% (1,0283 gram), 36.26 % (0.9450 gram), 37.64 %
(0.9816 gram), 48.85 % (1.2512 gram) and 48.91 % (1.2522 gram), respectively.
The contents of EMS and' EMM .in both TBD 30 and TBD 60 were
considerably significant higher than
TBO,
TBK, TBC 30 and
TBC 60.
The
average EMS contents rates of TBO, TBK, TBC
30,
TBC
60,
TBD 30 and TBD
60 were 1,133.04; 1,155.70; 1,305.11; 1,335.74; 1,489.71; and 1,421.73 kcals/kg,
respectively, whereas the average contents of EMM were 1,154.33; 1,177.42;
1,342.41; 1,360.84;
1,517.70; and 1,448.44 kcals/kg, respectively.
The contents of EMSn and EMMn in both TBD 30 and TBD 60 were
considerably significant (P
<
0.01)
higher than TBO, TBK, TBC 30 and TBC
60.
The average contents ofEMSn in the treatment ofTBO, TBK, TBe
30,
TBC
60,
TBD 30 and TBD 60 were 1,133.44; 1,156.20; 1,305.61; 1,336.24; 1,490.31; and
1,422.33 kcals/kg, respectively, whereas the average contents of EMMn were
1,154.73; 1,177.92; 1,342.91; 1,361.34;
1,518.30;
and
1,449.04 kcalslkg,
respectively.
The use of TBD 30 rations, in the form of feather-starch steamed for 30
minutes plus
0.4%
NaOH solution was better in increase the growth of weight,
protein quality and feathers starch metabolic energy compare to the provision of
rations with the treatment of TBO, TBK, TBC 30, TBC 60 and TBD 60.
IV
