The Description of Tenses Used by the Journalists:
Bloomberg and Harsh inThe Jakarta Post
A PAPER WRITTEN
BY
AHADA SHILHA
NIM : 122202074
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAMME
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDY
NORTH SUMATERA UNIVERSITY
MEDAN
It has been proved by Supervisor,
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521 1261981121 001
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521 1261981121 001
Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatra
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of
Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.
The examination is held on: 2015
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,
Dr. Syahron Lubis,MA NIP. 19511013197603 1 001
Board of Examiners Signature
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am AHADA SHILHA, declare that I am the sole author this paper . Except
where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no
material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by
which I have qualified for or awarded another degree .
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main
text of this paper . This paper has not been submitted for the award of another
degree in any tertiary education .
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : AHADA SHILHA
Title of Paper : THE DESCRIPTION OF TENSES USED BY
THE JOURNALISTS : BLOOMBERG AND
HARSH IN THE JAKARTA POST
Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion
of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Culture Studies
USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law
of the Republic of Indonesia .
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ABSTRACT
This paper consists of Introduction, Review of Related Literature, Description of Tenses, and Conclusion. The data for description are taken from the Jakarta Post which was published on Saturday March 14, 2015 which was written by the Journalists Bloomberg dealing with Rupiah Leads Fall in Asia Forex Markets, and Harsh V. Pant dealing with India Challenges Old Assumptions, now she is very eager to give a conclusion on it.
ABSTRAK
Tulisan ini memuat Introduction, Review of Related Literature, Description of Tenses, and Conclusion. Data sebagai bahan untuk membeerikan suatu diskripsi tenses dalam bahasa Inggris diambil dari bahan tertulis, yaitu the Jakarta Post yang diterbitkan pada hari Sabtu tanggal 14 bulan Maret tahun 2015. Arftikel yang diambil adalah tulisan Bloomberg yang berkenaan dengan Rupiah Leads Fall in Asia Forex Markets, and Harsh V. Pant dealing with India Challenges Old Assumptions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmannirrahim
First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to ALLAH SWT, the
almighty, merciful and the most gracious who has blessed me with health and
capability in finishing this paper. Then I never forget to say shalawat to our big
prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us to the life full of knowledge and
science. This paper is written to fulfill one of the requirements order to achieve
the degree of Diploma III at Faculty of Culture Study, University of North
Sumatera. And I would like to deliver my deepest gratitude to :
• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. the dean of the faculty of culture study of the
North Sumatera University.
• Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring M.A. as my supervisor and as my Academic
Consultant also Head of English Diploma Study Program, for his great
advice, patience and support.
• Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum, as my reader. Thank you very much for
the valuable time for reading this paper.
All the lecturers at English Diploma Department. Thank you so much.
• To my beloved dad Zulkifli and my beloved mom Nazlah Ridho. Thanks
for everything.
• I would like to thank to my beloved sister Fahrun Dini and My beloved
brother Haekal Yardhiand my aunty Amala Sudhathanks for always
• And thanks to my bestfriends Diah Ayu Ramadhani, Nurul Fajar,
Bahrun Nada, Yuyun Maulizar, Yuslida Zulkanita, Lya Firma thanks
for always make me laugh in our quality time and togetherness in finishing
this paper.
• Thanks to my bestfriend since I live at Jl. garu II Riska Sari Nasution
and to my lovely neighbours Yulita zahwa and Naysilla Zuhra
• The last I would like to thank to my lovely M.Arif Dwi Cahyo thank you
for always being there for me through my ups and downs.
Medan, 2015
The Writer,
ABSTRACT
This paper consists of Introduction, Review of Related Literature, Description of Tenses, and Conclusion. The data for description are taken from the Jakarta Post which was published on Saturday March 14, 2015 which was written by the Journalists Bloomberg dealing with Rupiah Leads Fall in Asia Forex Markets, and Harsh V. Pant dealing with India Challenges Old Assumptions, now she is very eager to give a conclusion on it.
ABSTRAK
Tulisan ini memuat Introduction, Review of Related Literature, Description of Tenses, and Conclusion. Data sebagai bahan untuk membeerikan suatu diskripsi tenses dalam bahasa Inggris diambil dari bahan tertulis, yaitu the Jakarta Post yang diterbitkan pada hari Sabtu tanggal 14 bulan Maret tahun 2015. Arftikel yang diambil adalah tulisan Bloomberg yang berkenaan dengan Rupiah Leads Fall in Asia Forex Markets, and Harsh V. Pant dealing with India Challenges Old Assumptions.
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of Writing
Language is so closely bound up with our everyday experience that we
seldom stop to think of the roles it plays. Language is the dress of thought and it
has become commonplace to quote this in support of the view that conscious
thought is behind all languages, and that language is primarily used to ‘dress up’
thoughts and send them on their way: give substance to thoughts. ‘Language’, we
are often told, ‘exists for the expression of thoughts or ideas.’
There could be wide disagreement over what an idea or a thought exactly
is, and therefore over the meaning of such a definition. But most of us would
probably agree at any rate that the following quotation illustrates language being
used ‘for the expression of thoughts or ideas’. Most of us would equally agree
that this statement of quantum theory represents a genuine, very important, and
perhaps even very common use of language. We are not all physicists, but we all
have to express serious ‘thoughts or ideas’ on this level from time to time, giving
conscious thought to the language we are using. Genuine and even commonplace
as these examples are, without doubt, we may well ask: are they what language is
chiefly and primarily used for, what language ‘exists for’? It may be illuminating
at this point if we try to think back over a day’s events and recall just how we
have in fact been using our language. Calling someone to get up; singing to
oneself in the bathroom; asking if breakfast is ready; grumbling about the weather
help to open a sauce bottle. It would be stretching the meaning of ‘thoughts or
ideas’ a very long way to make it cover all these language activities, yet we can be
fairly confident that they bulk large in the daily use of language by any of us,
whether we are company directors or school children.
We may get some confirmation that this is so by further reflecting that
these uses of language seem ‘easier’, seem to come more naturally, than the
examples dealing with careful ‘thoughts or ideas’ which were quoted earlier. We
can surely agree that all of us find it easier to ask for more coffee or grumble
about our work than to discourse on literary criticism, expectorants, and we
should realise that this is not merely because some of these particular subjects are
beyond our competence: it would still be true if for ‘expectorants’ we substituted
the name of our favorite hobby.
It would be a big mistake to dismiss the ‘easy’ uses of language as trivial
and unimportant merely because they seem so ordinary. Indeed, the more ordinary
they seem, the more obvious it should be that we start from them in considering
the use of English or any other language. If they seem ordinary, it is this very fact
that makes the use of English seems difficult when we are writing an essay or
describing some complicated electronic theory: difficult because unfamiliar and
extraordinary. And again, at the risk of being repetitive and obvious, we must
stress that it is not that the subject is ‘unfamiliar and extraordinary’. We may have
a perfectly clear understanding of the experiment, and the essay may be on our
favorite hobby. It is the use to which we are putting our language that is
Language is man’s greatest invention and most precious possession.
Without it, trade, government, family life, friendship, religion, and the arts would
be either impossible or radically different. How we use language, and how well,
has much to do with what kind of people we are. Much of what we call education
in one way or another helps us extend our understanding and mastery of language.
As you extend your own understanding and mastery of language, you should
remember these basic principles:
As you extend your own understanding and mastery of language, you
should remember these basic principles. Language has a history. Language is the
way it is for the same reason a mountain or a giant redwood is the way it is: the
forces working on it from time immemorial have so shaped it over the centuries.
Some of the most recent history of our language we can still trace: We can tell
when our ancestors first became acquainted with a paved “street,” taking from the
Romans both the thing, and its name. We can show that our word silly a thousand
years ago meant “blessed.” But much else in our language —the words, and how
they are put together in sentences—has roots going back into distant prehistory:
Language, man’s greatest intellectual accomplishment, is immeasurably
ancient. We may be fairly sure that man was already making use of the
complicated and highly systematized set of vocal sounds which go to make tip
language when the woolly-haired rhinoceros and the mammoth roamed the earth.
Archaeologists have shown that man was using tools in those far-off prehistoric
days, a fact which presupposes his ability to hand down knowledge of their
1.2 The Problems of Writing
It is very often can be found that different writers will write different
structures while they are writing the messages to their readers. Therefore the
writer of this paper is very eager to find out the description of the tenses they
applied in sending the messages to their readers through The Jakarta Post
newspaper deal with the news ‘Rupiah leads fall in Asian forex markets’ and
Harsh V. Pant ‘India challenges old assumptions’. So the description will be dealt
with:
1) How many tenses are applied by the journalists in writing the news?
2) What are the names of the tenses applied?
3) What are the percentages of the tenses applied?
1.3 The Scopes of Writing
In writing a skill writing there can be many different things to be written,
therefore in writing this simple paper the writer wants to give the scope of writing.
Since the title of this writing is The Description of Tenses Used by the Journalists:
Bloomberg and Harsh V. Pant of course the limitation of the writing is dealt with
the tenses applied while they are sending their news to their readers.
1.4 The Purposes of Writing
When someone wants to do an activity, for instance, writing a paper of
course he or she has already had his or her goal or purpose. Therefore the
(1) to find out the numbers of the tenses used by the journalists of the newspaper
The Jakarta Post which was published on Saturday, March 14th, 2015
Bloomberg in telling that ‘Rupiah leads fall in Asian forex markets’ and
Harsh V. Pant ‘India challenges old assumptions’,
(2) to find out the names of the tenses used by;
(3)tofulfill one of the requirements to finish the writer’s study from the
department of English of the diploma program at the faculty of culture study
of the North Sumatera University;
(4) to apply the knowledge she received during her study at the department from
all of her adventures lecturers, and;
(5) to enrich her understanding on the ideas of the newspaper journalists messages
written by.
1.5 TheMethods of Writing
When some wants to write something there can be some methods to be
applied, for instances library research, field research, or experiment. On this
occasion, in writing this paper, the writer applies the library method with the
reasons that all the data she used are taken from written text. It is impossible for
her to apply field method on this circumstance in remembering that the journalists,
2.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Grammar derives from the Greek ‘gramma’, meaning a written symbol;
the first grammarians were teachers of writing and reading. In the Middle Ages, to
know grammar meant not only to know how to read and write Latin but to possess
the powers of a literate man in a largely illiterate society. In modern English,
grammar is used in several senses:
The basic structure of a language. Every language is a complex of patterns
developed over a long period of time by the people using it. In the English
sentence You see it, we know you is the subject (here the actor) and it is the object
(the thing seen), because you precedes the verb and it follows it. In French,
however, the sentence would be written, Tu le vois, with the subject first, object
second and verb last. The order of the elements, as well as their form, depends on
the conventions of the particular language. Every native speaker learns these and a
host of other patterns in his language as a child and can understand and use them
automatically. These patterns may be called the complete or total grammar of the
language; in this sense English grammar is “the English way of saying
thinks.”This is an attempt to describe as systematically and objectively as possible
the total system of a language. In his method, the descriptive grammarian attempts
to be scientific: he observes the language as it is in an effort to discover its
underlying system but without trying to guide the language habits of speakers and
writers. Since a language is extensive, complex, varied, and elusive, a particular
grammar will never be completebut will depend on the limitations the grammarian
variety of the language (ordinarily that used by the educated because the material
is most readily available), and he will be limited by his training (the linguistic
philosophy he embraces), the information available to him, and, of course, his
individual competence.
When the description of a language covers a considerable period of time,
describing the evolution of words and forms and constructions, perhaps explaining
present usage in the light of the past, it is called historical (or diachronic)
grammar. When several related languages are compared, as English might be with
Latin or German, it is called comparative grammar. When one stage of a language
is described, it is called synchronic grammar.
For one variety of the language there will be one basic structure, one
underlying system, one grammar in the sense. Every attempt to describe this
grammar will be a grammar; in this second sense there may therefore be several
grammars. A brief account of the three principal types of these follows:
Though fully aware of the primacy of speech as language, they were able
to break away only gradually from the habit of depending on written records for
their evidence, especially as they were much concerned—Grimm again, for
example—with the history of the language. Nevertheless their achievements have
been enormous, and they established the firm foundations of modern linguistics.
This approach, to which Americans have been major contributors, carries
through much more rigorously two principles of the classical descriptive
grammars: the primacy of speech and the importance of the structural patterns of
therefore begin with the phoneme, go on to the morpheme, and attempt o identify
the syntactical devices by which grammatical relations are signalled.
One unfortunate result of prescriptive grammar is that the teaching of
Formal English has seemed so unreal to students that, unable to separate the
useful from the useless advice, they have paid almost no attention at all to it. If
they talked as their textbooks said they should, they would be laughed at;
consequently they have usually continued their old habits.
Although the usage recommended in schools will probably always be a
little more formal than that being practiced by actual writers, school grammar is
now gradually getting away from traditional prescriptive grammar anti is coming
closer to the actual usage of the educated as presented in the descriptive
grammars.
Many people are occasionally oppressed by a feeling of inadequacy in
their use of English.They believe that all their deficiencies, real or imagined, in
vocabulary, effective expression, spelling, usage, and punctuation would be
removed if they studied “grammar” conscientiously. This is back of the demand
for “More grammar!” in the schools. This demand is really based on a desire for
more varied and more acceptable usage, “good English”. The best remedy is wide
listening and reading and regular practice in using language effectively.
Grammatical terms play a useful but subordinate part in summarizing and
describing the facts of the current language, but they are not themselves the
When you use grammar in speaking or writing, you should be aware of its
various meanings and varied uses, and if necessary indicate the sense in which
you are using it. In this book the term is restricted to the first two senses described
in this article, the exact meaning being shown by the context.
The terms used in grammar deserve a comment also. The analysis of
language is a discipline more than two thousand years old, going back in Western
culture to the philosophers and rhetoricians of ancient Greece. The terminology
devised by the Greeks was used with little modification until modern linguistics
made its inadequacy for the description of other languages apparent. Some of the
old terms have been kept and given more restricted or more precise definition and
new terms have been introduced. Some grammatical and linguistic terms are still
not standardized, but by making their reference clear we can and must use them in
discussing language.
Many people steadfastly refuse to learn the technical terms of grammar.
Students who gaily toss about schizophrenic, marginal utility, Hanseatic League,
dicotyledonous, or trinitrotoluene will not learn the pronunciation and meaning of
predicative, metonymy, or even apostrophe or agreement, and some teachers of
the subject try to work without naming exactly what they are talking about. Many
of the words are a bit difficult—Greek or Latin names that have been taken into
the language—but they are not nearly so difficult as the vocabulary of psychology
or chemistry. This book uses a good many of these terms, without apology,
though when there is a choice of name the simpler and more suggestive has
common facts of usage and style, words which are an essential part of the English
vocabulary of educated people.
In English many groups of two or more words (that is, phrases) function
like single words. Often the division of the elements into separate words in print is
quite arbitrary. High school is not the noun school modified by the adjective high
so much as a noun in its own right just as highway is. But established practice is
to spell the first as two words, the second as one. Many of our verbs are made up
of a verb plus an adverb: close up, hold off, look into the verb,adverb
3.
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TENSES
Linguistics has been defined as the scientific study of language. A more
modest definition would be the systematic study of human languages. Scientific
study is today commonly associated with such natural sciences as physics,
chemistry, and biology, whose conclusions lend themselves to objective
verification more readily than those arrived at by investigators of human behavior.
Since speech is a uniquely liuj san phenomenon, the systematic study of it
remains, despite he assistance received from other disciplines, a humanistic study,
a study whose ultimate objectives are based on humane values. Linguistic is
scientific, nevertheless, both in the rigor ‘pd objectivity of its methods and in the
technical help it has received from the natural and social sciences.
Any language—in this book our examples are drawn mainly from
English—is an extraordinarily complex phenomenon. The more thoroughly
languages are analyzed, the more astonishing their complexity becomes. This
complexity suggests a structure, and even the earliest ancient Greek investigators
of language recognized the existence of a structure.
Since language is sequences of sound, and sound is invisible, we cannot
see its structure as we can, for example, see the bony structure of a body—its
skeleton. As we recognize the basic elements of the linguistic structure we invent
names for them and attempt to describe the total structure part by part. It is one of
the great beauties of plane geometry that its structures can be seen in their
entirety. Though the native speaker seems to have a full grasp of the total
so that it can all be seen at once. Instead we must break it up into what seems to
be its most significant or at least its most conveniently describable parts and
present them one after another. This is a most exasperating approach. All the parts
are interrelated and necessary to the functioning of the whole, and a native
speaker controls them all, utilizes them simultaneously, and never gives a
conscious thought as to how he is using the using the structure to communicate his
ideas. We know our English but we seldom know how it works. So we find it
irritatingly hard to learn a lot of names for what we do so easily and
unconsciously. It is the function of linguistics to discover the structure, to find
names for its parts, and to use those names to explain how the system operates.
Some of the basic areas of linguistic investigation are briefly defined below:
1). Phonology studies and attempts to describe the primary sound units of speech.
Two related approaches are made in phonetics and phonemics.
2). Morphology studies and attempts to describe the primary meaningful units of
speech; these are called morphemes.
3). Syntax studies and attempts to describe the arrangement of morphemes in
meaningful utterances, usually called sentences.
4). Grammar is a term with a number of senses. Linguistics is concerned with the
first two which are defined in the article grammar.
5). Semantics studies and attempts to describe meaning. In this definition
“meaning” is not used in the same sense above. Morphological meaning is
restricted to the linguistic unit itself; the ‘s’ on the word cats means “plural”
example, if the sentence “I saw a dat” is changed to “I saw some dats,” we
know that dats is plural though we have no notion of what a dat is. Semantics
studies the relationship between the word and what it stands for; the
relationship between cat and the concept of a feline which it represents for us
is its meaning.
Semantics gets us into what is called metalinguistics—studies that go
beyond linguistics—matters that involve more than the language itself. Most of
the concern of this book is metalinguistic because it deals with such matters as
spelling, dictionaries, rhetoric, dialect, jargon, as well as the lexical meanings of
words. The structures of meaning, in so far as they exist, are certainly far less
apparent than the structures examined in phonology, morphology, and syntax. The
modern linguist has therefore given most of his attention to these more obvious
aspects of language. There is an irony in this because the layman is far more
interested in what an utterance means than in how it is structured. And his attitude
is right to this extent: Language does have as its primary purpose the
communication of meaning. But the educated layman tries to have some
understanding of all the more significant aspects of his environment. Language is
the most important of these and he should therefore have some understanding of
it.
A language is a human phenomenon, which will differ somewhat even
from person to person; it will differ far more from one place to another and from
one time to another. These variations in persons, times, and places give rise to
linguistics; and, collaborating even more with other disciplines, lexicography, the
making of dictionaries, orthography, the study of spelling, and paleography, the
study of ancient texts.
Tense and time. In grammar a tense is a disticntive form or phrase of a
verb. The traditional names of the tenses are mainly words indicating time (past,
present, and future). It is therefore assume that the function of tense is to show
time and and that the time shown is that suggested by the ame of the tense. Both
assumptions are only partly true. The function of a verb is primarily to show time.
In English most sentences require a finite verb, and the verb necessarily occurs in
a tense form. But the indication of time in the sentence may be supplied by an
adver, or the adverb may modify the time suggested by the verb.
The tense names in English should be considered, then, as convenient but
rather arbitrary terms used to identify verb forms and phrases, the actual function
of the verb in each sentence being finally determined by other elements in the
construction. It is customary to distinguish sixteen tenses in English. The sixteen
tenses are:
1). Present Tense
Subject Predicate Complement That lady works at the office.
2). Present Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
That people are listening to the radio.
The deligent student is writing the exercises.
3). Present Perfect Tense
Subject Predicate Coentmplem
That boy’s mother has gone to the market.
All the students have done the tasks.
4). Future Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
We will study Overseas.
The new students are going to the new books.
5). Future Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The president, Obama will be giving his speech by 10 a.m. next Monday.
6). Future Perfect Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
We will have finished the works tomorrow afternoon.
They will have arrived here tomorrow morning.
7). Past Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The English teacher Taught us English last week.
The postmen Delivered the letters.
8). Past Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The young docter Wasexamining his patient.
Those mechanics Wasfixing the broken cars.
9). Past Perfect Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The journalist had told us the news.
10). Past Future Perfect Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
Budi and Amin would have sent the new book to the teacher.
The dog would have run after the cat.
11). Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The new patient would have been being operated by the experienced docters.
The proposal would have been being sent by the secretary.
12). Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The pharmacists will have been working in the laboratory by nine o’clock tomorrow morning.
The senior teachers will have been teaching the students in that classroom this afternoon.
13). Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The English class has been waiting since morning.
14). Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
That gir had been playing the piano on that time.
The junior pilot had been flying the plane.
15). Past Future Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
My mother and I would have our dinner before she left to the Mexico city.
My sisters would read the magazine before noon.
16). Past Future Continuous Tense
Subject Predicate Complement
The terrorists would be bombing the city.
The policeman would be arresting the thief.
In giving the descriptions of the tenses used by the journalists of the
Jakarta Post newspaper which was published on Saturday, March 14th, 2015 deal
with ‘Rupiah leads fall in Asian forex markets’ and Harsh V. Pant ‘India
challenges old assumptions’, the writer of this paper gives a tabulating to the data
1). Rupiah leads fall in Asian forex markets Bloomberg
(1) Simple Past Tense
Indonesia’s rupiah led(1) the weekly ...
Strategists ....cut(2)their rupiah ...
.... the authority saw and undervalued(2)currency ...
The rupiah slid(3)1.7 percent ....
...five days ended(3) Aug. 1 ....,
.... local banks compiled(3) by Bloomberg show.
It reached(4) 13,246 on March 11...
...., andlost(4) 0.1 percent from Thursday.
.... said(5)Dian AyuYustina
anddeclined(6) against all its 10 major Asian counterparts,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg.(6)
The rupiah ....dropped(7)0.6 percent this week ....
One-month implied(8)volatility ....
Indonesia’s government bonds(9)due September 2025 rose ....
....a measure ...climbed(8)41 basis points, ...
A gauge of dollar strength climbed(10)1.2 percent
...reportshowed(10) the US ...
“It wasn’t(12)an ideal week for Asian currencies”, ...
... said(12)NizamIdris,
The Fed “could(13) take another step ...
The won slumped(14) 2.5 percent this week, ....
....princes compiled by Bloomberg show.(14)
The rupiah fell(15)1.7 percent ...
.... and Malaysia’s ringgit was(15)1.2 percent ....
.... the yen, slid(16) this week to its lowest level ...
The won snack(17)to a 20-month ...
... the Bank of Korea unexpectedly cut(17) its seven-day repurchase rate
” after inflation slowed(18)to the ...
Thailand’s bahtdeclined (19) 0.8 percent this week ...
The Bank of Thailand lowered(20) benchmark borrowing costs ....
... the Southeast Asian economy grew(20)at its slowest pace ...
...Yuan traded ....strengthened(21) 0.2 percent this week ....
... the nation’s legislature quelled(21) speculation ....
(2) Simple Present Tense
“Bank Indonesia seems(5)to be holding on to ...
.... so they have(5) a bigger tolerance ...
.... narrow(5)the current-account deficit.
.... the data show. (7)
The Bloomberg ....tracks(16)the region’s
.... unemployment rate is(10) the lowest ...
While monetary policy isset (11) to tighten in ....
(3) Present Continuous Tense
“They’rewatching(5)the rupiah’s performance ...
... central banks across most of Asia are loosing, (11) with South Korea ....
.... and Thailand is giving(11) both lowered borrowing costs...
(4) Future Tense
the Federal Reserve will raise(1) interest rates ....
(5) Present Perfect Tense
The Indonesian currency has weakened(6) 6.1 percent ...
... ithas been(10) in almost seven years.
(6) Past Perfect Tense
Governor ....had “decided(18)to act preemptively ...
(7) Past Future Tense
... that depreciation would be used(21) to support the economy.
2). Indian challenges old assumptions
.... interest in India continued(23) to talk past the other.
The possibilities engendered(24)by ....
...., announced (24) in 2005 ...
.... andconcluded(24) in 2008,
...were(24) a thing past ...
For a leader viewed(26) as provincial ....
.... was termed(28) “Non-Alignment 2.0”.
The nonalignment ...confounded(27)by the prime minister...
Thought Modiwas denied(31) a US visa In 2005,
.... his government boldly reached(31)out to Washington.
He recognized(32) that the challenges ....
Modishowed(33)his trademark ...
Though Modiwas denied(34) a US visa ....
.... his government reached out(34) to washington.
Modicemented his reputation (35)...
Indian interest was (35) ready to find ways to move forward ....
.... India was not opposed(35) to World Trade ....
.... Organization’s nearly-completed(35)TradeFacilitation...
The prime minister followed(36) this with a surprising move ....
.... heinvited(36) a surprising move ....
.... heinvited(36) Obama to the 2015 ....
...and invite traditionally viewed(36) as a celebration of India’s...
Obama’s visit to India saw(37) the leaders
A great leap forward was made(38)...
.... Obama used(38) his executive powers to roll back the conditions ....
.... US authorities be allowed (38) to monitor use ...
....nuclear material purchased(38)by India ...
... whoshunned(38) the civil nuclear ....
Bilateral defense cooperation was also energized(39)...
Modi’s arrival in office gave(40) now momentum to ...
.... and originally launched (40) in 2012 ....
...major project emerged(41),
The nation was not mentioned(46)during the joint press conference.
... the two leaders merely reiterated(47) their call for Pakistan ....
....theyreaffirmed(47) the need ...
.... andconcerted (47) efforts to disrupt entitles ...
Pakistan founded(51)by separatists from the Uighur ...
(2) Simple Present Tense
Today the relationship stands(25) on the ....
....which he seems(26) to challenge the foreign policy ....
...the foreign policy establishment can secure(28)Indian interest
....is(28)by working within ...
Defensiveness of the past is now replaced(30)by an explicit ....
.... India faces(32)with a domestically fragile ....
.... China cannot be managed(32)....
.... Modilost on(32) time ...
....a liability cap of is(38) billion rupees, ....
There is (41)an attempt underway to make the ...
...andresult-oriented(41) since its institutionalization ...
.... of strategic changes(45) in the larger Asia-Pacific ...
Chinese President XI Jinpingis (49) likely to visit Pakistan ...
Though there are (51)tensions in the Sino-Pak ...
Chinese region of Xinjiang, ....have(51)an interest ....
.... hopes(52)to buy three dozen Mi-35 helicopters ....
... India charts(53)new territory in its foreign policy ....
... India needs (53)deeper engagement ...
...and ....try (54) configure responses ...
(3) Past Future Tense
...and this remarkable turnarround should go(25) to India’s ...
... Delhi should conduct(28) its foreign policy establishment ....
(4). Present Perfect Tense
....who in a short eight months has given(25) a new direction ...
.... Modihas shown(26)great diplomatic agility....
....the nation has been told(28)that the only way ....
....a confidencehasnot been seen(29) in previous administrations.
....but now scheduling has begun. (41)
China’s dominance has become(44)significant in the last few years.
... Pakistan has become(45)in relationship.
Islamabad has moved (49)quickly to reinforce its all-weather ...
China has offered(50) in recent months.
....of the past is striking. (26) ...
....the past, isengaging(29)major global powers ...
.... Indian foreign policy is being shaped(29) by a government ...
Washington, isagreeing(32) on a September 2014
... theModi government is trying to increase(43) its scope for.
This week Modiis visiting (44)Seychelles ...
Indian relationship is being viewed(45) through the prism ....
There is growing(48)nervousness in Pakistan about the changing.
Pakistan is also reaching (52)out to new actors ...
The implications are already being felt(54) in the region ...
(6). Past Perfect Tense
.... whichhad tapered(33) off under his predecessor
.... andhadunderscored(33) the significance .
...the no clear deal had been held(37) up for six years ....
(7). Past Continuous Tense
.... otherswerereassuring(35) the United states ....
.... Who wastrying(37) to sort out issues ranging ....
.... was agreeing (39) to extend the Defense ...
... wasexpanding(39) its scope by declaring partnerships ...
(8). Future Tense
4.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4.1 Conclusion
As the writer of this simple paper has finished writing chapters
Introduction, Review of Related Literature, and the Description of Tenses found
in the Jakarta Post which was published on Saturday March 14, 2015 which was
written by the Journalists Bloomberg dealing with Rupiah Leads Fall in Asia
Forex Markets, and Harsh V. Pant dealing with India Challenges Old
Assumptions, now she is very eager to give a conclusion on it.
The data shown that the article which was written by Bloomberg consisted
of twenty-one sentences. As the writer of this paper has tabulating and sorting and
describing the whole sentences, she can find that there are seven different tenses
he applied in telling the news about the currency to the readers. Those sentences
are written in seven different tenses. The tenses are:
(1). Simple Past Tense 34 times (68%),
(2). Seimple Present Tense 8 times (16%),
(3). Present Continuous Tense 3 times (6%),
(4). Future Tense 1 time (2%),
(5). Present Perfect Tense 2 times (4%),
(6). Past Perfect Tense 1 time (2%), and
(7). Past Future Tense 1 time (2%).
Harsh V. Pant in telling the news about India Challenes Ole Assumptions
to the readers there can be seen eight different tenses he used. The tenses he used
(1). Simple Past Tense 41 times (45,6%),
(2). Simple Present Tense 20 times (22,2%),
(3). Past Future Tense 2 times (2,2%),
(4). Present Continuous Tense 9 times (10%),
(5). Present Continuous Tense 10 times (11,1%),
(6). Past Perfect Tense 3 times (3,3%),
(7). Past Continuous Tense 4 times (14,5%), and
4.2 Suggestion
Now the writer of this paper suggests the other friends to write about
structures on any writing that we have ever seen or known. It is very interesting to
know and understand the ways of some welknown writers to write any writing.
Therefore we can make it as guide-line to write any writing to share our ideas to
the others. Structures can be searched on any kind of writing, no matter the
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Appendices
1). Rupiah leads fall in Asian forex markets Bloomberg
Indonesia’s rupiah led the weekly drop in the Asian currency market after
US jobs data fueled speculation the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates by the
end of June. (1)
Strategists at HSBC Holdings Plc and Credit Suisse Group AG cut their
rupiah forecasts after Bank Indonesia (BI) Senior Deputy Governor
MirzaAdityaswara said March 6 the authority saw and undervalued currency
being helpful for exports. (2)
The rupiah slid 1.7 percent from March 6, the steepest decline since the
five days ended Aug. 1, to Rp 13,193 a dollar as of 10:17 a.m.in Jakarta on
Friday, prices from local banks compiled by Bloomberg show.(3) It reached
13,246 on March 11, the weakest since August 1998, and lost 0.1 percent from
Thursday.(4)
“Bank Indonesia seems to be holding on to reserves for rainy days, so they
have a bigger tolerance for rupiah weakness,” said Dian AyuYustina, an
economist at PT Bank Danamon Indonesia, “They’rewatching the rupiah’s
performance relative to regional currencies, not just the dollar, to remain export
competitive and narrow the current-account deficit.”(5)
The Indonesian currency has weakened 6.1 percent versus the greenback
this year and declined against all its 10 major Asian counterparts, according to
data compiled by Bloomberg.(6)
The rupiah’s one-month non-deliverable forwardsdropped 0.6 percent
this week and 0.1 percent on Friday to 13,318 a dollar, the data show. (7)
One-month implied volatility, a measure of expected currency swings used to price
options, climbed 41 basis points, or 0.41 percentage point, from March 6 to 12.38
percent. (8)
Indonesia’s government bonds due September 2025 rose, with the yield
falling two basis points from March 6 and five basis points Friday, to 7.47
A gauge of dollar strength climbed 1.2 percent this week after a March 6
report showed the US unemployment rate is the lowest it has been in almost
seven years.(10) While monetary policy is set to tighten in the world’s largest
economy, central banks across most of Asia are loosing, with South Korea and
Thailand giving both lowered borrowing costs this week. (11)
“It wasn’t an ideal week for Asian currencies”,saidNizamIdris, head of
foreign-exchange and fixed-in-come strategy at Macquarie Bank Ltd. In
Singapore.(12)The Fed “could take another step towards hiking interest rates at the
March 18 policy meeting”, he said.(13)
The won slumped 2.5 percent this week, its biggest loss since 2011,
princes compiled by Bloomberg show.(14) The rupiah fell 1.7 percent, the most in
seven months, and Malaysia’s ringgit was 1.2 percent weaker as of 12:40 p.m in
Hong Kong.(15) The Bloomberg-JP Morgan Asia Dollar Index, which tracks the
region’s 10 most-traded currencies excluding the yen, slid this week to its lowest
level since July 2010.(16)
The won snack to a 20-month low on Thursday as the Bank of Korea
unexpectedly cut its seven-day repurchase rate to a record 1.75 percent.(17)
Governor Lee Ju-yeolsaid policymakers had “decided to act preemptively” after
inflation slowed to the least since 1999 in February and exports fell the most in
two years. (18)
Thailand’s baht declined 0.8 percent this week, its biggest drop in five
months. (19)The Bank of Thailand lowered benchmark borrowing costs on
Wednesday for the first time in a year, joining a global wave of monetary easing
after the Southeast Asian economy grew at its slowest pace in three years.(20)
The offshore Yuan traded in Hong Kong strengthened 0.2 percent this
week as comments by Chinese leaders attending and annual meeting of the
nation’s legislature quelled speculation that depreciation would be used to
2). Indian challenges old assumptions
Harsh V. Pant
The US president’s visit to India in January as the chief guest at republic a
new sense of dynamism in a relationship that was seemingly drifting in recent
years.(22) A weak government in Delhi coupled with Washington’s lack of interest
in India continued to talk past the other. (23)
The possibilities engendered by the civilian nuclear agreement,
announced in 2005 and concluded in 2008, were a thing past with the bilateral
relationship and unfulfilled expectations.(24)
Today the relationship stands on the there should of new possibilities, and
much of the credit for this remarkable turnarround should go to India’s Prime
Minister NarendraModi, who in a short eight months has given a new direction to
Indian foreign policy.(25)
For a leader viewed as provincial before elections, Modihas shown great
diplomatic agility, the sheer audacity with which he seems to challenge the
foreign policy shibboleths of the past is striking. (26)The nonalignment ideologues
in India stand confounded by the prime minister’s diplomatic successes.(27)
For years, the nation has been told that the only way the foreign policy
establishment can secure Indian interest is by working within the rubric of
non-alignment,even a recent template on how Delhi should conduct its foreign policy
establishment was termed “Non-Alignment 2.0”.(28)
But today Indian foreign policy is being shaped by a government not
trapped in the rhetoric of the past, busily in the rhetoric of the past,
busilyengaging major global powers with a confidence not seen in previous
administrations.(29)
Defensiveness of the past is now replaced by an explicit
acknowledgement of the convergence with key partners including the US.(30)
Thought Modiwas denied a US visa In 2005, his government boldly
reached out to Washington after coming to power. (31)He recognized that the challenges India faces with a domestically fragile Pakistan, political uncertainly in
cannot be managed without a productive Us-India relationship, and Modilost on
time in reaching out to Washington, agreeing on a September 2014 bilateral
summit meeting with US President Barack Obama in Washington.(32)
Modishowed his trademark decisiveness in attempting to mend Indo-Us
ties, which had tapered off under his predecessor and underscored the
significance of the United States in Indian foreign policy priorities.(33)
Though Modiwas denied a US visa in 2005, his government reached out
to washington after coming to power.(34)
Modicemented his reputation as a leader not only willing to stand up for
Indian interest but also was readyto find ways to move forward with others after
signing a pact on the sidelines of the East Asia summit in Naypyitaw in
November, reassuring the United states that India was not opposed to World
Trade Organization’s nearly-completedTradeFacilitation Agreement (TFA).(35)
The prime minister followed this with a surprising move when he invited a
surprising move when he invited Obama to the 2015 republic Day celebrations–
an invite traditionally viewed as a celebration of India’s closest diplomatic
partnerships.(36)
Obama’s visit to India saw the who leaders trying to sort out issues
ranging from the no clear deal had been held up for six years amid concerns over
the liability for any nuclear accident.(37)
A great leap forward was made after Obama used his executive powers to
roll back the conditions that US authorities be allowed to monitor use of nuclear
material purchased by India even from third countries and the US agreed to
India’s proposal to build a risk management insurance pool with a liability cap of is billion rupees, or US$244 million, to provide cover to suppliers who shunned
the civil nuclear agreement over liability in the event of a nuclear accident.(38)
Bilateral defense cooperation was also energized with the two states was
agreeing to extend the Defense Cooperation Agreement for another 10 years, wasexpanding its scope by declaring partnerships on issues including
“technology transfers, trade, research, co-production and co-development”.
(39)
and Technology Initiative (DTTI), originally launched in 2012, to promote
technological collaboration and co-development of critical defense system ranging
from anti-tank missiles to launch systems for aircraft carriers.(40)
There is an attempt underway to make the DTTI more operational and
result-oriented since its institutionalization in 2012, no major project emerged,
but now scheduling has begun. (41)This is a major step forward and also
ambitious, with talk of working groups on aircraft-carrier and jet-engine
technologies.(42)
Apart from the US, the Modi government is trying to increase its scope
for diplomatic maneuvering vis-à-vis China by building substantive ties with
states like Japan, Vietnam, and Australia.(43)
This week Modiis visiting Indian Ocean Island nations–the Seychelles,
Mauritius and Sri Lanka – offering military and civilian and shoring Up India’s
credibility as a net security provider in a region where China’s dominance has
become significant in the last few years.(44)
At a time when the US Indian relationship is being viewed through the
prism of strategic changes in the larger Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean region, it’s
striking how marginal Pakistan has become in relationship. (45)The nation was
not mentioned during the joint press conference of Modi and Obama.(46)
In their joint statement the two leaders merely reiterated their call for
Pakistan to bring the perpetra-tors of the 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai to justice
even as they reaffirmed the need for joint and concerted efforts to disrupt
entitles such as Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, D-Company and the
Haqqani network.(47)
There is growing nervousness in Pakistan about the changing US role in
South Asia.(48) Islamabad has moved quickly to reinforce its all-weather
partnership with Beijing, and Chinese President XI Jinpingis likely to visit
Pakistan sometimes this year in what will be the first trip by a Chinese president
XI Jinping head of state to the western neighbor in nine years.(49)
Underscoring its desire to play a more active role in South Asia, China
Taliban in peace negotiations. (50)Though there are tensions in the Sino-Pak
bilateral relationship especially pertaining to the presence in Pakistan of the East
Turkestan Islamic Movement, founded by separatists from the Uighur ethnic
minority native to western Chinese region of Xinjiang, both, sides have an
interest in maintaining a viable partnership, especially as Us-India ties an orbital
leap.(51)
Pakistan is also reaching out to new actors like Russia form which it
hopes to buy three dozen Mi-35 helicopters with trouble in Russia’s ties with the
West and Moscow losing its privileged position in the Indian defense policy, new
equations in South Asia won’t be too surprising. (52)
Under the Modi government, India charts new territory in its foreign
policy, predicated on the belief that rather than proclaiming non-alignment as an
end in itself, India needs deeper engagement with friends and partners to
develop leverage in dealing with adversaries and competitors.(53)
The implications are already being felt in the region and beyond as
India’s interlocutors try configure responses to New Delhi’s proactive diplomatic
