Pengaruh Bensil Adenin (BA) dan Asam Indol Butirat (IBA) terhadap Perbanyakan Tanaman Kimpul (Xanthosoma sp.) dan Talas (Colocasia sp.) secara In Vitro

" ILMU MENllNTUT SIKAP JOJUR PAN RENDAH HATI "

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JULSUSAN BUD1 D A Y & P E R l A N l A N

PAKULTAS P E R T A N I A W , I M S T I T U T P E R T A N l A N BOGOR

RINGKASAH

SRI AYOHI

(A

22 0502). P e n g a r u h B e n s i l A d e n i n ( B A j d a n

A s a m I n d o l B u t i r a t ( I B A ) T e r h a d a p P e r b a n y a k a n Tanaman

K i m p u l ( X s n t h o s o m a s p . j d a n T a l a s ( C o l o c a s i a s p . ) S e c a r a

I n V i t r o ( D i bawah b i m b i n g a n GUSTAAF ADOLF WATTIMENA d a n AGUS PURWITO).

P e r c o b a a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n g a r u h z a t

p e n g a t u r tumbuh d a r i k e l o m p o k a u k s i n y a i t u a s a m i n d o l

b u t i r a t

(IBA)

d a n k e l o m p o k s i t u k i n i n y a i t u b e n s i l a d e n i n

(BA) t e r h a d a p p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s , s e r t a

m e n g e t a h u i k u m b i n a s i k o n s e n t r a s i y a n g t e p a t d a r i k e d u a z a t

u n t u k m e d i a p e r b a n y a k a n .

P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n m u l a i b u l a n J a n u a r i h i n g g a

A g u s t u s 1989 d i L a b o r a t o r i u m K u l t u r J a r i n g a n J u r u s a n B u d i

Daya P e r t a n i a n , F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , I P B . B a h a n y a n g

d i g u n a k a n m e l i p u t i t u n a s i n v i t r o k i m p u l X s n t h o s o m a b r s -

s i l i e n s e d a n t a l a s C o l o c s s i s e s c u l e n t s c v . B r a s i l i e n e .

M e d i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n 1 / 2 MS p a d a t , myo i n o s i t o l , T h i a m i n -

HC1, C a s e i n H y d r o l i s a t e , C y s t e i n H y d r o c h l o r , s u k r o s a , agar

p a s a r , I B A d a n B A .

P e n e l i t i a n i n i m e r u p a k a n d u a p e r c o b a a n t e r p i s a h y a i t u

t e r h a d a p k i m p u l d a n t a l a s d e n g a n r a n c a n g a n l i n g k u n g a n a c a k

j l e n g k a p . M a s i n g - m a s i n g p e r c o b a a n t e r d i r i d a r i d u a f a k t o r ,

0 . 1 0 , 0 . 1 5 d a n 0 . 2 0 p p m ) . P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a

f a k t o r i a l , s e h i n g g a t e r d a p a t 2 5 p e r l a k u a n . U n t u k p e r c o -

b a a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n 1 0 u l a n g a n d a n t a n a m -

a n ' t a l a s 8 u l a n g a n .

H a s i l p e r c o b a a n p a d a k i m p u l m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a k o n s e n -

t r a s i B A 0 . 9 pprn d e n g a n I B A 0 . 1 5 ppm m e r u p a k a n k o m b i n a s i

t e r b a i k u n t u k p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s , t u n a s y a n g d a p a t d i a k l i -

m a t i s a s i d a n d a u n . J u m l a h d a u n / t u n a s d a n j u m l a h a k a r / t u -

n a s d a p a t m e n u n j u k k a n b e s a r n y a p e r s e n t a s e t u n a s y a n g d a p a t

d i a k l i m a t i s a s i . X o n s e n t r a s i I B A 0 . 1

-

0 . 2 ppm mampu

m e n d o r o n g p e m b e n t u k a n a k a r p a d a b e r b a g a i p e r l a k u a n B A .

H a s i l p e r c o b a a n p a d a t a l a s m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a k o n s e n -

t r a s i B A 1 . 4 ppm d e n g a n I B A 0 . 1 ppm m e r u p a k a n k o m b i n a s i

t e r b a i k u n t u k m e n g h a s i l k a n t u n a s m a j e m u k . K o n s e n t r a s i I B A

0 . 1 - 0 . 2 ppm d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n d o r o n g p e m b e n t u k a n

a k a r a p a b i l a k u l t u r d i b e r i p e r l a k u a n B A . J u m l a h

d a u n / t u n a s t e r b a n y a k d i p e r o l e h t a n p a p e r l a k u a n BA d a n I B A .

S e d a n g k a n j u m l a h a k a r / t u n a s t e r b a n y a k d i p e r o l e h p a d a t a r a f

I B A 0 . 1 p p u ~ d a n B A 0 ppm. M e d i a d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i g a r a m m i n e r a l 1 / 2 MS k u r a n g b a i k d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k p e r k e m b a n g a n

PENGARUH BENSIL ADENIN ( B A ) DAN ASAM INDOL BUTIRAT ( I B A )

TERHADAP PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN

KIMPUL

(Xanthosoma

s p . ) DAN TALAS

(Colocasia

s p . )

SECARA

IN

V I T R O

L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h

s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n

p a d a

F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

O l e h :

S R I AYOMI

A 2 2 0 5 0 2

JURUSAN BUD1 D A Y A PERTANIAN

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN, INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN. JURUSAN B U D 1 D A Y A PERTANIAN

K a m i m e n y a t a k a n bahwa L a p o r a n K a r y a I i m i a h y a n g

d i s u s u n o l e h :

Nama : SRI A Y O M I

Nomor P o k o k : A 2 2 0 5 0 2

J u d u l : P e n g a r u h B e n s i l A d e n i n tBA) d a n Asam I n d o l B u t i r a t ( I B A ) T e r h a d a p P e r b a - n y a k a n Tanaman K i m p u i i Xan t h o s o m a s p . )

d a n Tanaman T a l a s ( C o l o c s s i a s p . )

S e c a r a I n V i t r o

d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o i e h g e i a r S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n p a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a - n i a n B o g o r .

.----

/ '

I

D r I r G . A . W a t t i m e n a I r Agus P u r w i t o

D o s e n P e m b i m b i n g I1

C _ I . - " ~ '

I r S r i S e t y a t i H a r j a d i

--

K e t u a J u r u s a n K e t u a PS A g r o n o m i

RIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n p a d a t a n g g a l 11 O k t o b e r 1 9 6 7 d i

k o t a Kebumen d a r i p a s a n g a n k e l u a r g a Achmad S a r d j o k o d a n

S u t a r m i n a h , m e r u p a k a n p u t r i b u n g s u d a r i 5 b e r s a u d a r a .

P e n u l i s m e n y e l e s a i k a n s t u d i d i SD Negeri Kebumen V

p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 9 , SMP N e g e r i

I

Kebumen p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 2 d a n

SMA Negeri

I

Kebumen p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 5 . K e m u d i a n p a d a t a h u n

1 9 8 5 p e n u l i s m e l a n . j u t k a n s t u d i d i I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

m e l a l u i j a l u r P e n e l u s u r a n M i n a t Dan Kemampuan (PMDK) d a n

pada t a h u n 1 9 8 6 d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i m a h a s i s w a J u r u s a n B u d i

Daya P e r t a n i a n p r o g r a m s t u d i A g r o n o m i .

S e l a m a k u l i a h , p e n u l i s p e r n a h m e n j a d i a s i s t e n l u a r

KATA PENGANTAR

P u j i s y u k u r k e h a d i r a t A l l a h SWT. a t a s s e g a l a b i m -

b i n g a n d a n k a r u n i a y a n g d i b e r i k a n s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s a n K a r y a

I l m i a h i n i b i s a t e r s e l e s a i k a n .

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h

k e p a d a B a p a k D r . I r . G . A . W a t t i m e n a d a n

I r .

A g u s P u r w i t o

s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g d a l a m m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n s e r t a

s e m u a p i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e x ~ b a n t u d a l a m p e n u l i s a n K a r y a

I l m i a h i n i .

P e n y u s u n m e n y a d a r i b a h w a t u l i s a n i n i j a u h d a r i sem-

p u r n a , u ? t u k i t u p e n u l i s mohon m a a f . S e m o g a l a p o r a n y a n g

s e d e r h a n a i n i d a p a t b e r m a n f a a t b a g i y a n g m e m e r l u k a n d a n

d a p a t d i p e r g u n a k a n s e b a i k - b a i k n y a .

B o g o r , J u n i 1990

H a l a m a n KATA PENGANTAR

. . .

i

DAFTAR I S 1 i i

DAFTAR TABEL

. . .

i i i

PENDAHULUAN 1

L a t a r B e l a k a n g

. . .

1

. . .

T u j u a n P e r c o b a a n 4

. . .

H i p o t e s i s 5

. . .

TINJAUAN PUSTAKH 6

B o t a n i d a n P e n y e b s r a n Tanaman K i m p u l d a n T a l a s

. .

6

P e r b a n y a k a n Tanaman K i m p u l d a n T a l a s

. . .

7

P e r b a n y a k a n T a n a m a n S e c a r a I n V i t r o

. . .

9

BAHAN DAN METODE

. . .

1 7 T e m p a t d a n Waktu P e r c o b a a n

. . .

1 7

B a h a n d a n A l a t

. . .

1 7 R a n c a n g a n P e r l a k u a n

. . .

1 8 P r o s e d u r P e n e l i t i a n

. . .

1 9 P e u b a h y a n g D i a m a t i

. . .

2 1

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

. . .

2 2 T a n a m a n X a n t h o s o m a b r a s i l i e n s i s

. . .

2 2 Tanaman C o l l o c a s i a sp

. . .

3 8 KESIMPULAN

. . .

52

. . .

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 5 3

DAFTAR TABEL

Nomor

T.&s

H a l a m a n

1. J u m l a h K u l t u r y a n g B e r k a l u s ( 1 2 MST)

X a n t h o s o m a s p .

. . .

2 7 2 . P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p J u m l a h T u n a s p a d a s a a t

P a n e n ( 1 2 MST j X a n t h o s o m a s a d a B e r b a g a i

t a r a f I B A [ T r a n s f o r m a s i

. . .

2 9

3 . P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p j u m l a h t u n a s y a n g d a p a t

d i a k l i m a t i s a s i p a d a s a a t p a n e n ( 1 2 MST) X a n t h o s o m a s p . p a d a b e r b a g a i t a r a f I B A [ T r a n s f o r m a s i

\I

( X i - 0 . 5 ) ) . . .

4 . P e n g a r u h B A t e r h a d a p p e r s e n t a s e a k l i m a t i s a s i [ T r a n s f o r m a s i a r c s i n

fl]

X a n t h o s o m a s p .

s a a t p a n e n

. . .

5 . P e r t u m b u h a n t u n a s h i n g g a m i n g g u k e - 1 2 d a n

j u m l a h t u n a s y a n g d a p a t d i a k l i m a t i s a s i t a n a m a n

X a n t h o s o m a s p .

. . .

3 5

7 . P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p j u m l a h a k a r p a n e n [ t r a n s -

f u r m a s i ? ( ~ + 0 . 5 ) 3 X a n t h o s o m a S F .

. . .

4 0 8 . P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p j u m l a h a k a r / t u n a s [ t r a n s -

. . .

f o r m a s i v ( ~ + 0 . 5 ) ) X a n t h o s o m s s p 4 1

9 . J u m l a h k u l t u r b e r k a l u s C o l o c a s i a s p .

p a d s

12

MST

. . .

4 2

1 0 . P e r t u m b u h a n t u n a s C o l o c a s i a s p . s a m p a i m i n g g u

k e - 1 2

. . .

4 4

11. P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p j u m l a h t u n a s umur 1 2 MST

C o l o c a s i a s p . [ t r a n s f o r m a s i ~ / ( x + o . 5 f ]

. . .

45

1 2 . P e n g a r u h B A t e r h a d a p j u m l a h d a u n p a d a umur

. . .

1 2 MST [ t r a n s f o r m a s i

1

-

?

C o l o c a s i a s p . 4 7 1 3 . P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p j u m l a h d a u n / t u n a s p a d a umur

1 2 MST [ t r a n s f o r m a s i

\r-'1

C o l o c s s i a s p .

. . .

4 8

1 4 . P e n g a r u h BA t e r h a d a p u m l a h a k a r p a d a umur

1 2 HST [ i r a n s f o r m a s i

~b

C o l o c s s i a s p

.

50

15 . P e n g a r u h

BA

t e r h a d a p j u m l a h a k a r / t u n a s p a d a u m u r

1 2 tiST C t r a n s f o r m a s i

m]

C o l o c a s i a s p

. . . .

5 1

1 . S i d i k ragam p e u b a h t a n a m a n X a n t h o s o m a s p

. . .

57

. . .

2

.

S i d i k r a g a m p e u b a h t a n a m a n C o l o c a s i a s p 58

3 . H a s i l a n a l i s i s r e g r e s i t a n a m a n X a n t h o s o m a s p .

. . .

d e n g a n B A s e b a g a i sumbu X 59

4

.

H a s i l a n a l i s i s r e g r e s i t a n a m a n C o l o c a s i a s p .

PENDAHULUAN

Latar

w

P

P e r t a m b a h a n p e n d u d u k I n d o n e s i a s e m a k i n p e s a t d a r i

t a h u n k e t a h u n . K e a d a a n i n i m e n y e b a b k a n p e r m i n t a a n a k a n

b e r a s s e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t p u l a . K e n a i k a n p r o d u k s i b e r a s

s e t i a p t a h u n d i k h a w a t i r k a n t i d a k d a p a t m e n g i m b a n g i p e r t a m -

b a h a n k o n s u m s i n a s i o n a l d i masa m e n d a t a n g . P e n i n g k a t a n

k o n s u m s i b e r a s p e r l u d i t e k a n h i n g g a d i b a w a h l a j u p e r t u m -

b u h a n p e n d u d u k . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p r o g r a m p e n g a n e k a r a g a m a n

b a h a n p a n g a n a k a n t e r u s d i g a l a k k a n p a d a t a h u n - t a h u n m e n d a -

t a n g

.

K i m p u l d a n t a l a s m e r u p a k a n s u m b e r k a r b o h i d r a t y a n g

d a p a t d i k e m b a n g k a n g u n a m e n g u r a n g i k e t e r g a n t u n g a n p a d s

b e r a s . D i I n d o n e s i a b a g i a n T i m u r , k i m p u l d a n t a l a s m a s i h

d o m i n a n s e b a g a i b a h a n m a k a n a n p o k o k s e h a r i - h a r i d i s a m p i n g

s a g u

.

K a n d u n g a n k a r b o h i d r a t k i m p u l b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 17 X

-

26 % s e d a n g k s n p a d a

t a l a s

b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 13 % - 29 % .

T i n g k a t p r o d u k s i u m b i s e g a r k i m p u l m e n c a p a i 4 . 5 - 14

t o n / h a d a n t a l a s 37

-

4 9 t o n / h a p a d a l a h a n y a n g t i d a k b e r -

i r i g a s i ( Y a m a g u c h i , 1 9 8 3 ) . S e l a i n i t u , d a u n k e d u a t a n a m a n

t e r s e b u t j u g a m e r u p a k a n s u m b e r v i t a m i n A y a n g k a n d u n g a n n y a

m e n c a p a i 2 0 0 0 I U p e r 1 0 0 g b a h a n s e g a r . Umbi k i m p u l d a n

t a l a s d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n b a k u t e p u n g s e h i n g g a

2

b e b e r a p a n e g a r a t r o p i s . P a r a p e n e l i t i P h i l i p i n a m e l a p o r -

k a n b a h w a t e p u n g u m b i k i m p u l d a n t a l a s b e r p e l u a n g b e s a r

m e n g g a n t i k a n t e p u n g gandum d a l a m i n d u s t r i r o t i d a n k u e .

T e p u n g u m b i t a n a m a n t e r s e b u t mempunyai k e l e b i h a n d i b a n -

d i n g k a n t e p u n g gandum k a r e n a d a p a t m e n g u r a n g i t i n g k a t

k e h i l a n g a n b o b o t a k i b a t p e m a s a k a n , d i s a m p i n g d a p a t memper-

b a i k i a r o m a d a n t e k s t u r h a s i l o l a h a n ( D i z o n - L u z o n , G a r a n a

d a n M a b e s a , 1 9 8 6 ) .

S a m p a i s a a t i n i , tanamsri t e r s e b u t j a r a n g d i u s a h a k a n

s e c a r a l u a s d i I n d o n e s i a , t e t a p i m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n d a r i

p e r t a n i a n k e l u a r g a y a n g d i u s a h a k a n s e c a r a t r a d i s i o n i l

s e b a g a i t a n a m a n p e k a r a n g a n a t a u t e g a l a n .

K i m p u l d a n t a l a s m e m i l i k i s i f a t y a n g b e r a n e k a ragam.

D i t i n j a u d a r i s e g i u m u r , t e r d a p a t t a n a m a n y a n g b e r u m u r

p a n j a n g maupun p e n d e k . B e b e r a p a v a r i e t a s m e n y u k a i k o n d i s i

t a n a h y a n g k e r i n g d a n a d a p u l a y a n g m e n y u k a i t a n a h b e c e k .

S e l a i n i t u , a d a v a r i e t a s y a n g b e r u m b i d a n a d a p u l a y a n g

t i d a k . K e a n e k a r a g a m a n i n i m e r u p a k a n m o d a l b e s a r b a g i p e -

n u l i a a n . Dalam u s a h a p e n g e m b a n g a n k e d u a j e n i s t a n a m a n

s e b a g a i t a n a m a n y a n g b a n y a k m e n g a n d u n g k a r b o h i d r a t , p e r -

b a i k a n s i f a t t a n a m a n m e n u j u p r o d u k t i v i t a s y a n g t i n g g i , d a n

p e n y e d i a a n b a h a n t a n a m a n y a n g v i g o r s e r t a b e b a s p e n y a k i t

d a l a m j u m l a h b a n y a k m e r u p a k a n k e b u t u h a n mut l a k .

K i m p u l d a n t a l a s b i a s a d i p e r b a n y a k s e c a r a v e g e t a t i f

d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n u m b i

,

u m b i a n a k a n , a t a u p o t o n g a n b a g i -

3

a n a k a n . m e m i l i k i k e l e m a h a n y a i t u m e n g u r a n g i h a s i l p a n e n ,

k a r e n a s e k i t a r 1 0 % d a r i h a s i l p a n e n h a r u s d i s i m p a n

s e b a g a i b a h a n p e r b a n y a k a n u n t u k musim t a n a m b e r i k u t n y a .

S e l a i n i t u , p e r b a n y a k a n m e l a l u i c a r a d i a t a s t i d a k b i s a

m e n g a t a s i m a s a l a h p e n y a k i t , t e r u t a m a y a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h

v i r u s ( V o l i n d a n Z e t t l e r , 1 9 7 6 ) . Tanaman k i m p u l d a n t a l a s

umumnya p e k a t e r h a d a p p e n y a k i t leaf blight y a n g d i s e b a b k a n

o l e h P h ~ t o p h t h o r a c o l o c a s i a e . P e n y a k i t i n i p e r t a m a k a l i

d i l a p o r k a n t e r d a p a t d i J a w a s e k i t a r t a h u n 1900 d a n k e m u d i -

a n m e n y e b a r k e s e l u r u h d a e r a h p e n g h a s i l t a l a s . K e r u g i a n

y a n g d i t i m b u l k a n m e n c a p a i 2 5 % - 5 0 % (Onwueme, 1 9 7 8 ) .

B e b e r a p a p a t o g e n p e n t i n g l a i n n y a a d a l a h Pythium d a n

S c l e r o t i u m rolfsii.

P e r b a i k a n s i f a t t a n a m a n m e l a l u i p e r s i l a n g a n k o n v e n -

s i o n a l s a n g a t s u l i t k a r e n a p e m b u n g a a n j a r a n g t e r j a d i ,

b a h k a n p a d a b e b e r a p a k u l t i v a r t i d a k b e r b u n g a . M u t a s i

i m b a s d e n g a n i r r a d i a s i d a n b a h a n k i m i a m e r u p a k a n b e b e r a p a

c a r a y a n g p e r n a h d i l a k u k a n .

A l t e r n a t i f l a i n y a n g d a p a t d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h p e n y e d i a -

a n b i b i t k i m p u l d a n t a l a s b e r m u t u m e l a l u i t e k n i k k u l t u r

j a r i n g a n , t e r u t a m a u n t u k m e n g h a s i l k a n b i b i t d a l a m j u m l a h

b e s a r , s e r a g a m , d a n b e b a s p e n y a k i t d a l a m w a k t u y a n g r e l s -

t i f s i n g k a t

.

S e l a i n i t u , p e n i e l i h a r a a n k o l e k s i p l a s m a

n u t f a h s e c a r a i n v i t r o l e b i h m e n g u n t u n g k a n d a r i p a d a peme-

l i h a r a a n d i l a p a n g s e c a r a k o n v e n s i o n a l , k a r e n a m e n g u r a n g i

4

k e t e r s e d i a a n m a t e r i p e r b a n y a k a n m i k r o d a n u n t u k d i e k s p o r

s e p a n j a n g t a h u n .

P e r b a n y a k a n s e c a r a i n v i t r o d a p a t d i d o r o n g m e l a l u i

p e r l a k u a n m e d i a d e n g a n z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h s e p e r t i a u k s i n ,

s i t o k i n i n d a n g i b e r e l l i n . S e t i a p v a r i e t a s k i m p u l d a n

t a l a s m e m i l i k i r e s p o n y a n g b e r b e d a - b e d s t e r h a d a p f a k t o r

k o m p o s i s i m e d i a , s e p e r t i h a r a d a n z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h ,

a k i b a t k e a d a a n f a k t o r g e n e t i k y s n g b e r b e d a .

M e n u r u t P i e r i k ( 1 9 8 7 j , d u a g o l o n g a n z a t p e n g a t u r

t u m b u h y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g a d a l a h s i t o k i n i n d a n a u k s i n .

K e d u a z a t i n i m e m p e n g a r u h i p e r t u m b u h a n d a n m o r f o g e n e s i s

d a l a m k u l t u r s e l , j a r i n g a n , d a n o r g a n . I n t e r a k s i d a n

p e r i m b a n g a n a n t a r a z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h y a n g d i b e r i k a n

d a l a m m e d i a d e n g a n y a n g d i p r o d u k s i o l e h s e l s e c a r a

e n d o g e n , a k a n m e n e n t u k a n a r a h p e r k e m b a n g a n s u a t u k u l t u r .

'Limn

P e n e l l t l a n

.

.

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n g a r u h

z a t p e n g a t u r tumbuh d a r i k e l o m p o k a u k s i n , y a i t u

asam

i n d o l

b u t i r a t

( I B A )

d a n k e l o m p o k s i t o k i n i n , y a i t u b e n s i l a d e n i n

( B A )

t e r h a d a p p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s , se-

h i n g g a d a p a t d i k e t a h u i k o m b i n a s i k o n s e n t r a s i y a n g t e p a t

1 . S i t o k i n i n m e r a n g s a n g p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s p a d a t a n a m a n

k i m p u l d a n t a l a s .

2 . A u k s i n m e n d o r o n g p e r t u m t u h a n a k a r d a n k a l u s .

3 . T e r d a p a t i n t e r a k s i a n t a r a a u k s i n ( I B A ) d a n s i t o k i n i n

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

e b a r a n

u

l

T

-

d a n

' h h s

K i m p u l d a n t a l a s t e r m a s u k t a n a m a n m o n o k o t i l , f a m i l i

A r a c e a e ( Y a m a g u c h i , 1 9 8 3 ) y a n g d a p a t t u m b u h s e p a n j a n g

t a h u n d a r i d a t a r a n r e n d a h s a m p a i d a t a r a n t i n g g i d i d a e r a h

t r o p i k .

K i u ~ p u l ( X a n t h o s o m s s p ) d a p a t t u m b u h m e n c a p a i k e t i n g -

g i a n 2 m . D a u n n y a b e r b e n t u k h a t i d e n g a n b e l a h a n n y a t a

p a d a p a n g k a l n y a . Corm ( u m b i ) y a n g d i h a s i l k a n b e r u k u r a n

p a n j a n g 18 - 2 5 cm d e n g a n j u m l a h c o r r n e l ( u m b i a n a k a n )

l e b i h d a r i 1 0 b u a h . B u n g a y a n g d i h a s i l k a n s e b a n y a k 2 - 5

k u n t u m d a n m u n c u l s e c a r a s e r e n t a k d i a n t a r a s u d u t d a u n

( l e a f a x i l ) d e n g a n p a n j a n g 13 - 2 0 em ( K a y , 1 9 7 3 ) . T u n g -

k o l b u n g a ( s p a d i x ) p a d a g e n u s i n i d i a k h i r i d e n g a n b a g i a n

s t e r i l . P a d a p e t i o l b u n g a a k a n k e l u a r e k s u d a t k e n t a l j i k a

d i p o t o n g ( Y a m a g u c h i , 1 9 8 3 ) . M e n u r u t Kay ( 1 9 7 3 ) , b u n g a

b e t i n a j a r a n g s e k a l i d i t e m u k a n

.

J i k a a d s b u n g a b e t i n a .

b i a s a n y a t e r j a d i e l l i p s o i d a t a u o v a r y y a n g s a n g a t k e c i l .

B u n g a j a n t a n m e m i l i k i 2

-

3 b e n a n g s a r i . B i j i n y a d i s e l u -

b u n g i d i n d i n g h i j a u y a n g t i p i s .

T a n a m a n k i m p u l ( X a n t h o s o m a ) b e r a s a l d a r i A m e r i k a

T e n g a h d a n m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u g e n u s d e n g a n s p e s i e s y a n g

m e m b i n g u n g k a n . P e r s e t u j u a n umum a d a l a h b a h w a X a n t h o s o m a

P a d a s p e s i e s i n i , t e r d a p a t bermacam-macam v a r i e t a s (Onwue-

me, 1 9 7 8 ) .

T a l a s ( C a l o c a s i a s p ) d a p a t tumbuh m e n c a p a i k e t i n g g i a n

9 0

-

1 8 0 cm, d a u n b e r u k u r a n k e c i l s a m p a i b e s a r , b e r b e n t u k

l e b i h b u l a t s e p e r t i p e r i s a i , d e n g a n t a n g k a i d a u n menempel

p a d a b a g i a n bawah d a u n d a n a g a k k e t e n g a h . Bunga t a l a s

m i r i p d e n g a n k i m p u l , t e t a p i p a d a p o t o n g a n p e t i o l b u n g a

t i d a k m e n g e l u a r k a n e k s u d a t k e n t a l ( K a y , 1 9 7 3 ) . Y a m a g u c h i

( 1 9 8 3 ) m e n y e t u t k a n bahwa corm t a l a s b e r b e n t u k s i l i n d r i s

d e n g a n p a n j a n g 1 3 - 2 0 cm d a n b e r d i a m e t e r 8 - 1 3 cm.

T u n a s a d v e n t i f m e n g h a s i l k a n c o r m e l b e r u k u r a n p a n j a n g

5 - 8 cm d a n t e r d i a m e t e r 3 . 5

-

5 cm.

T a l a s ( C o l o c a s i a ) m e r u p a k a n t a n a m a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i

A m e r i k a T e n g a h , k e m u d i a n t e r s e b a r k e k e p u l a u a n P a s i f i k

h i n g g a A f r i k a B a r a t . Dewasa i n i t a l a s t e r s e b a r h a m p i r d i

s e m u a n e g a r a t r o p i s . S p e s i e s y a n g d i b u d i d a y a k a n a d d l a h

C o l o c a s i a e s c u l e n t a y a n g t e r b a g i a t a s d u a j e n i s , y a i t u

j e n i s e d d o s d i s e b u t C . e s c u l e n t 8 v a r . a n t i q u o r u m d a n

j e n i s da,heen

-

y a n g d i s e b u t C . e s c u l e n t 8 v a r . e s c u l e n t a

(Onwueme, 1 9 7 8 ) .

Perbanv-

Yamaguchi ( 1 9 8 3 ) mengemukakan bahwa t a n a m a n k i m p u l

d a n t a l a s d a p a t d i p e r b a n y a k s e c a r a v e g e t a t i f d e n g a n meng-

g u n a k a n c o r m , c o r m e l , d a n p o t o n g a n b a g i a n b a t a n g ( h u l i )

v e g e t a t i f k u r a n g e f e k t i f k a r e n a j u m l a h b i b i t y a n g d i d a p a t -

kan s e d i k i t d a n mutu b i b i t y a n g d i p e r o l e h j e l e k a k i b a t

a d a n y a p e n y a k i t m o s a i c v i r u s ( V o l i n d a n Z e t t l e r , 1 9 7 6 ) .

A p a b i l a t i d a k d i l a k u k a n s e l e k s i b i b i t , p e n u l a r a n v i r u s i n i

b e r p e n g a r u h s e k a l i p a d a p e r t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s se-

h i n g g a b e r a k i b a t p r o d u k s i m e n u r u n .

A d a n y a m a s a l a h d a l a m p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n

t a l a s m e n y e b a b k a n p a r a p e n e l i t i b e r u s a h a m e n c a r i a l t e r n a -

t i f p e m e c a h a n n y a . A l c o n e r o ( 1 9 7 2 ) p e r n a h m e n c o b a m e n e k a n

i n f e k s i p e n y a k i t m o s a i c v i r u s d e n g a n p e r l a k u a n a i r p a n a s ,

t e t a p i g a g a l . U s a h a l a i n n y a a d a l a h d e n g a n n e n c o b a memper-

b a n y a k t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s m e l a l u i b i j i , t e t a p i i n -

f o r m a s i t e n t a n g p r o d u k s i b e n i h k e d u a t a n a m a n s a n g a t k u -

r a n g . P l u c k n e t t d a n O b r e r o ( 1 9 7 0 ) s e r t s Shaw ( 1 9 7 5 ) men-

j e l a s k a n b a h w a t a n a m a n t a l a s j a r a n g s e k a l i b e r b u n g a maupun

m e m p r o d u k s i b i j i . B a h k a n p a d a t a n a m a n k i m p u l , p e m b u n g a a n

m e r u p a k a n h a 1 y a n g t i d a k l a z i m . K u l t i v a r y a n g m e n g h a s i l -

kan b u n g a , p u t i k b i a s a n y a l e b i h d u l u m a s a k d a r i p a d a b e n a n g

s a r i . S i f a t i n i m e r i n t a n g i p e n y e r b u k a n s e n d i r i d i d a l a m

r a n g k a i a n b u n g a y a n g sama.

V o l i n d a n Z e t t l e r ( 1 9 7 6 ) b e r u s a h a m e n d a p a t k a n b i j i

X.

caracu m e l a l u i p e n y e r b u k a n b u a t a n p a d a b u n g a k l o n - k l o n

t a n a m a n d a r i k u l t i v a r y a n g umum. M e r e k a b e r h a s i l menda-

p a t k a n t a n a m a n y a n g b e b a s d a r i p e n y a k i t m o s a i c v i r u s .

Namun m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u l a d a l a h t i d a k s e m u a k u l t i v a r m a m -

b u a h , p e m e l i h a r a a n t a n a m a n p e n g h a s i l b e n i h d a n b e l u m a d a - n y a a r e a l p e m b e n i h a n y a n g l u a s . K e a d a a n t e r s e b u t mendo- r o n g p e n e l i t i u n t u k m e n c a r i a l t e r n a t i f l a i n d a l a m u s a h a p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s .

P e n g g u n a a n m e t o d e k u l t u r j a r i n g a n m e r u p a k a n a l t e r n a - t i f p e m e c a h a n y a n g b a r u , u n t u k m e n g a t a s i m a s a l a h y a n g d i t e m u i p a d a t a n a m a n u m b i - u m b i a n t e r s e b u t ( H a r t m a n , 1 9 7 4 ) .

P e r b a n v a k m

Tanaman

S e w

Ln

Vitra

P e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n s e c a r a k u l t u r j a r i n g a n mempunyai b e b e r a p a k e u n t u n g a n a n t a r a l a i n b i b i t y a n g d i h a s i l k a n b e r j u m l a h b e s a r d a n s e r a g a m d a l a m w a k t u y a n g r e l a t i f c e p a t s e r t a t i d a k m e n g a n d u n g v i r u s d a n p e n y a k i t l a i n n y a (Hu d a n Wang, 1 9 8 3 ) .

M e n u r u t P i e r i k ( 1 9 8 7 ) , t a n a m a n y a n g d i p e r b a n y a k s e c a -

r a k u l t u r j a r i n g a n m e m i l i k i s t a b i l i t a s g e n e t i k y a n g r e n -

d a h , t e r u t a m a y a n g d i p e r b a n y a k m e l a l u i k a l u s . Hal i n i b i s a m e n g u n t u n g k a n a t a u m e r u g i k a n b a g i t a n a m a n . H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r ( 1 9 8 3 ) m e n y a t a k a n p e r u b a h a n g e n e t i k b i a s a n y a m e n g h a s i l k a n t a n a m a n m u t a n d a n b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p v i g o r d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s t a n a m a n . Hal t e r s e b u t t i d a k d a p a t d i i - d e n t i f i k a s i d e n g a n mudah, s e h i n g g a h a s i l p e r b a n y a k a n k u l -

t u r j a r i n g a n m u n g k i n m e n g h a s i l k a n t a n a m a n m u t a n y a n g t i d a k d i i n g i n k a n . D i bawah p e n g a w a s a n y a n g k e t a t , v a r i a s i g e n e -

p e m u l i a a n k a r e n a d a p a t m e n g h a s i l k a n k u l t i v a r - k u l t i v a r

b a r u

.

Ada 5 macam r e g e n e r a s i v e g e t a t i f d a l a m k u l t u r j a r i n g -

a n , y a i t u ( 1 ) p e r p a n j a n g a n u j u n g m e r i s t e m , ( 2 ) p r o d u k s i

t u n a s a k s i l a r , ( 3 ) p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a d v e n t i f , ( 4 ) o r g a n o -

g e n e s i s , d a n ( 5 ) e m b r i o g e n e s i s ( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) .

P e r p a n j a n g a n u j u n g meristem t e r j a d i k e t i k a m e r i s t e m

a p i k a l p a d a u j u n g t u n a s m e m a n j a n g d i d a l a m k u l t u r d a n

d i a k a r k a n u n t u k m e n g h a s i l k a n p l a n l e t k e c i l y a n g d i h a r a p k a n

b e t a s v i r u s ( H a r t m a n clan K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) .

Dalam p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a k s i l a r , t i t i k t u m b u h l a t e r a l

e k s p l a n d i d o r o n g u n t u k t u m t u h d a n meristem a p i k a l d i h a m -

b a t . P e r t u m b u h a n t u n a s a k s i l a r m e n g h a s i l k a n p e r b a n y a k a n

c e p a t d a n j u m l a h t a n a m a n n y a a k a n s e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t d e n g s n

c a r a s u b k u l t u r ( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) .

P e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a d v e n t i f d a p a t s e c a r a l a n g s u n g p a d a

e k s p l a n a t a u t i d a k l a n g s u n g m e l a l u i j a r i n g a n k a l u s . I n -

d u k s i t u n a s a d v e n t i f s e c a r a l a n g s u n g t e r j a d i p a d a a k a r ,

d a u n d a n o r g a n l a i n d a r i t a n a m a n s e p e r t i p a d a t e k n i k p e r -

b a n y a k a n b i a s a . P e r k e m b a n g a n t u n a s a d v e n t i f s e c a r a t i d a k

l a n g s u n g m e m e r l u k a n i n i s i a s i k a l u s t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d a n

t u n a s a k a n t u m b u h d a r i k a l u s . P e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a d v e n t i f

m e n y e b a b k a n l a j u p e r b a n y a k a n y a n g t i n g g i , umumnya l e b i h

t i n g g i d a r i l a j u p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a k s i l a r

.

P e r b a n y a k a n

b e s a r s e h i n g g a t a n a m a n y a n g d i h a s i l k a n p e r 111 d i u j i d e n g a n

h a t i - h a t i ( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) .

T e k n i k e m b r i o g e n e s i s s o m a t i k t e l a h d i k e m b a n g k a n s e b a -

g a i c a r a p e r b a n y a k a n y a n g p o t e n s i a l . Penemuan p e n t i n g p a -

d a s e l w o r t e l y a n g d i t u m b u h k a n d a l a m k u l t u r s u s p e n s i s a r i

k e l a p a d a n a u k s i n k e m u d i a n d i s u b k u l t u r d a l a m m e d i a t a n p a

hormon d a p a t b e r k e m b a n g m e n j a d i b e r j u t a - j u t a e m b r i o t u n g -

g a l . S t r u k t u r i n i d i n a m a k a n e m b r i o i d a t a u e m b r i o s o m a t i k

u n t u k m e m b e d a k a n n y a d a r i e m b r i o s e k s u a l a t a u a p o m i t i k y a n g

d i h a s i l k a n s e c a r a a l a m i ( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) .

P e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a k s i l a r m e n g h a s i l k a n k e s t a b i l a n

g e n e t i k y a n g t i n g g i t e t a p i j u m l a h p r o p a g u l a y a n g d i d a p a t

r e n d a h . S e b a l i k n y a p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s a d v e n t i f d a n e m b r i o

s o m a t i k m e n g h a s i l k a n j u m l a h t u n a s p e r k u l t u r y a n g t i n g g i

t e t a p i k e s t a b i l a n g e n e t i k n y a r e n d a h . P a d a h a l p a d a p e r b a -

n y a k a n m i k r o , y a n g t e r p e n t i n g a d a l a h k e s e r a g a m a n g e n e t i k

( M u r a s h i g e , 1 9 7 4 ) .

K u l t u r

in

v i t r o k i m p u l d a n t a l a s b e l u m b a n y a k d i l a k u -

kan p e n e l i t i . Onwueme ( 1 9 7 8 ) b e r p e n d a p a t p e r b a i k a n s i f a t

m e l a l u i s e l e k s i v a r i a s i s o m a k l o n a l mempunyai p e l u a n g y a n g

t i n g g i , m e n g i n g a t t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s m e n u n j u k k a n

s i f a t

mosaic chromosom

d e n g a n 2n ( 2 2 , 2 6 , 2 8 , 2 9 , 3 8 , d a n

4 2 ) . I n i s i a s i k a l u s y a n g d i i k u t i r e g e n e r a s i p u c u k d a n

a k a r a k a n m e n g h a s i l k a n l i n i - l i n i b a r u y a n g mungkin memper-

l i h a t k a n s i f a t - s i f a t y a n g b e r l a i n a n d e n g a n t a n a m a n a s a l .

l a p a n g a t 1 y a n g m u n c u l s e c a r a s p o n t a n , d i p e r b a n y a k s e c a r a

in

W

m e l a l u i i n d u k s i p u c u k m a j e m u k . S e l a n j u t n y a Gunawan

( 1 9 8 7 ) , m e n y a t a k a n h a l - h a 1 y a n g h a r u s d i p e r h a t i k a n d i d a -

lam p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n s e c a r a

in v i t r ~

y a i t u m e d i a k u l t u r

j a r i n g a n , z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h , s u h u d a n c a h a y a p e n y i n a r a n .

D e m i k i a n p u l a p a d a p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s ,

h a l - h a 1 d i a t a s h a r u s d i p e r h a t i k a n ( J a c k s o n e t . a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) .

t u r

J c c i n a n

K e b e r h a s i l a n d a l a m p e n g g u n a a n m e t o d e k u l t u r j a r i n g a n

s a n g a t t e r g a n t u n g p a d a m e d i a y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n . M e d i a

k u l t u r j a r i n g a n t a n a m a n t i d a k h a n y a m e n y e d i a k a n u n s u r

h a r a m i k r o d a n m a k r o , t e t a p i j u g a k a r b o h i d r a t y a n g umumnya

b e r b e n t u k g u l a , u n t u k m e n g g a n t i k a n k a r b o n y a n g b i a s a d i -

p e r o l e h d a r i a t m o s f e r m e l a l u i f o t o s i n t e s a ( G u n a w a n , 1 9 8 7 ) .

S e n y a w a y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n d a l a m m e d i a s e b a g a i s u m b e r

u n s u r - u n s u r m a k r o e s e n s i a l a d a l a h C ,

H ,

0 , N , S , P ,

K

d a n

Mg b e r v a r i a s i . U n s u r C , H , d a n 0 d i s e d i a k a n o l e h g u l a

a t a u s u k r o s a , g l u k o s a d a n f r u k t o s a y a n g d i t a m b a h k a n k e

d a l a m m e d i a . Sumber

N

y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n a s a l a h s e n y a w a

n i t r a t a t a u amonium. U n s u r

P

d i b e r i k a n d a l a m b e n t u k f o s -

f a t , S d a l a m b e n t u k garam s u l f a t , K d a l a m b e n t u k g a r a m -

g a r a m k a l i u m (KN03.K2S04). U n s u r Na, Mg, d a n C 1 d i b u t u h -

kan d a l a m j u m l a h y a n g r e l a t i f l e b i h s e d i k i t (Yeoman d a n

L e o d , 1 9 7 7 ) .

U n s u r - u n s u r m i k r o e s e n s i a l d i t a m b a h k a n k e d a l a m m e d i a

13

Z n S 0 4 . '7H20, CuS04 . 5 H Z 0 , d a n C o C 1 2 , 6 H 2 0 . Bahan k e l a t y a n g

b e r u p a a s a m etilen-diamin-tetra-asetat ( E D T A ) i n i b e r g u n a

m e n c e g a h p e n g e n d a p a n i o n f e r r i ( ~ e ' ~ ) ( F a t c h u r o c h i m ,

1 9 7 9 ) .

S e n y a w a - s e n y a w a s u p l e m e n y a n g s e r i n g d i p e r l u k a n p a d a

b e b e r a p a t a n a m a n a n t a r a l a i n a d a l a h t h i a m i n ( v i t a m i n B 1 ) .

p i r i d o k s i n ( v i t a m i n B e ) , a s a m n i k o t i n a t , i n o s i t o l , a s a m

p a n t o t e n a t , d a n b i o t i n . K a d a n g - k a d a n g d i t a m b a h k a n g l i s i n

( g l y ) d a n s i s t i n ( c y s ) y a n g m e r u p a k a n a s a m a m i n o ( F a t c h u -

r o c h i m , 1 9 7 9 ) .

P a d a umumnya m e d i a k u l t u r j a r i n g a n d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i

m e d i a d a s a r d a n m e d i a p e r l a k u a n . R e s e p m e d i a d a s a r a d a l a h

k o m b i n a s i z a t y a n g m e n g a n d u n g h a r a makru d a n m i k r o , s u m b e r

e n e r g i d a n v i t a m i n . B e b e r a p a m e d i a d a s a r y a n g b a n y a k

d i g u n a k a n a n t a r a l a i n a d a l a h m e d i a d a s a r M u r a s h i g e d a n

S k o o g , 8 5 , W h i t e , V a c i n d a n W e n t , N i t s c h d a n N i t s c h ,

S c h e n k d a n H i l d e b r a n d t , WPM d a n N6 ( G u n a w a n , 1 9 8 7 ) .

H e d i a d a s a r M u r a s h i g e d a n S k o o g ( 1 9 6 2 ) y a n g s e r i n g

d i s i n g k a t d e n g a n MS, m e r u p a k a n s u a t u k o m p o s i s i m e d i a y a n g

s a n g a t l u a s d i g u n a k a n u n t u k h a m p i r s e m u a j e n i s k u l t u r .

M e d i a d a s a r i n i d i c i r i k a n o l e h t i n g g i n y a k o n s e n t r a s i g a r a m

m i n e r a l , k h u s u s n y a u n s u r N a n o r g a n i k y a n g m e n c a p a i 6 0 nM

d a l a m 2 b e n t u k y a i t u NOg d a n N H 4 .

P a d a t a h u n 197'7, J a c k s o n

e t .

a l .

m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n

p a d a b e b e r a p a g e n o t i p e C.

e s c u l e n t a .

H a s i l p e r c o b a a n

m e n g a l a m i p e r k e m b a n g a n . M e d i a L i n s m a i e r - S k o o g m e r u p a k a n

m e d i a y a n g d i s u s u n p a d a t a h u n 1 9 6 5 , b e r d a s a r k a n p a d a kom-

p o s i s i m e d i a d a s a r MS, d e n g a n s e n y a w a o r g a n i k d a n v i t a m i n

y a n g b e r b e d a . M e d i a d a s a r MS d i g u n a k a n o l e h H a r t m a n ( 1 9 7 4 )

u n t u k k u l t u r

-

Colocssizc, Xsnthosoms, d a n Caladium.

D u a g o l o n g a n z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g

u n t u k k u l t u r j a r i n g a n a d a l a h a u k s i n d a n s i t o k i n i n . K e d u a

z a t i n i b e r p e n g a r u h d a l a m p e m b e n t u k a n a k a r , t u n a s d a n

k a l u s ( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) .

A u k s i n d i g u n a k a n s e c a r a l u a s d a l a m k u l t u r j a r i n g a n

u n t u k m e r a n g s a n g p e r t u m b u h a n k a l u s , p e m a n j a n g a n s e l , pem-

b e n g k a k a n j a r i n g a n d a n p e m b e n t u k a n a k a r ( P i e r i k , 1 9 8 7 ) .

M e n u r u t W a t t i m e n a ( 1 9 8 8 ) , a d s t u j u h f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a -

r u h i a k t i v i t a s a u k s i n s i n t e t i k y a i t u :

1. K e u n g g u l a n s e n y a w a t e r s e b u t u n t u k d a p a t m e n e m b u s

l a p i s a n k u t i k u l a a t a u e p i d e r m i s y a n g b e r l i l i n .

2 . S i f a t t r a n s l o k a s i d i d a l a m t a n a m a n .

3 . P e n g u b a h a n a u k s i n m e n j a d i s e n y a w a y a n g t i d a k a k t i f d i

dalam t a n a m a n ( d e s t r u k s i a t a u p e n g i k a t a n )

4 . B e r i n t e r a k s i d e n g a n h o r m o n t u m b u h l a i n n y a .

5 . S p e s i e s t a n a m a n

6 . Ease p e r t u m b u h a n

7 . L i n g k u n g a n ( s u h u , r a d i a s i d a n k e l e m b a b a n )

Z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h g o l o n g a n a u k s i n y a n g m e m b e r i

( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 3 ) . M e n u r u t Weaver ( 1 9 7 2 ) , I B A

l e b i h u n g g u l d a r i p a d a N A A k a r e n a I B A m e ~ i p u n y a i s i f a t y a n g

s t a b i l , d a y a k e r j a l e b i h

lama

s e r t a m e m b e r i k a n k e m u n g k i n a n

l e b i h b e s a r b a g i t e r b e n t u k n y a a k a r d a n N A A l e b i h t o k s i k

d a r i p a d a I B A . P i e r i k ( 1 9 8 7 ) m e n y a t a k a n bahwa I B A d i g u n a -

k a n p a d a k o n s e n t r a s i 0 . 0 0 1 - 1 0 mg p e r l i t e r d a n mempunyai

b e r a t m o l e k u l 2 0 3 . 2 4 . Rumus b a n g u n a s a m i n d o l b u t i r a t

a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

S i t o k i n i n b e r p e n g a r u h s a n g a t l u a s p a d a p r o s e s - p r o s e s

f i s i o l o g i s d a l a m t u m b u h a n . A k t i v i t a s u t a m a i a l a h mendo-

r o n g p e m b e l a h a n s e l d a n m e m b e r i k a n p e n g a r u h y a n g e f e k t i f

t e r h a d a p i n i s i a s i t u n a s . P e n g a r u h s i t o k i n i n m e m e r l u k a n

a k t i v i t a s z a t t u m b u h l a i n , t e r u t a m a a u k s i n ( B h o j w a n i d a n

R a z d a n , 1 9 5 3 ) .

S i t o k i n i n y a n g b i a s a d i g u n a k a n d a l a m k u l t u r j a r i n g a n

y a i t u k i n e t i n , B A d a n 2 i p . P e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g s i t o k i n i n

d a l a m k u l t u r t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s s a n g a t b e r g u n a

X.

s a g i t t i f o l i u m ( H a r t m a n , 1 9 7 4 ) d a n X. b r s s i l i e n s i s ( S t a -

r i t s k y , 1 9 7 4

fklau

S t r a u s s d a n A r d i t t i , 1 9 8 0 ) . BA j u g a t e l a h d i g u n a k a n d e n g a n b e r h a s i l d a l a m k u l t u r

X.

_{b r s s i l i e n -}

sis ( S t a r i t s k y , 1 9 7 4

fklau

S t r a u s s d a n A r d i t t i , 1 9 8 0 ) . M u r a s h i g e ( 1 9 7 4 ) m e n y a t a k a n bahwa Z i p m e r u p a k a n s i t o k i n i n y a n g p a l i n g e f e k t i f t e t a p i m a h a l h a r g a n y a . BA d a n k i n e t i n

mempunyai e f e k t i f i t a s y a n g h a m p i r sama. BA mempunyai

s i f a t y a n g l e b i h r e s i s t e n t e r h a d a p o k s i d a s i s e d a n g k a n Z i p

d a n k i n e t i n mudah d i h a n c u r k a n . BA d i g u n a k a n p a d a k o n s e n - t r a s i 0 . 0 1 - 1 0 mg p e r l i t e r . M e n u r u t B h o j w a n i d a n R a z d a n

( 1 9 8 3 ) , B A m e r u p a k a n s i t o k i n i n y a n g p a l i n g e f e k t i f u n t u k p e m b e n t u k a n t u n a s . K o n s e n t r a s i y a n g e f e k t i f u n t u k pemben- t u k a n t u n a s b e r k i s a r 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 mg p e r l i t e r . B e r a t m o l e k u l BA s a m a d e n g a n 2 2 5 . 2 6 d e n g a n r u m u s b a n g u n s e b a g a i

d a n a u k s i n t i n g g i . K o n s e n t r a s i s i t o k i n i n y a n g t i n g g i

d a p a t m e n g h a m b a t p e n g a k a r a n .

P e n e l i t i a n p a d a k a l u s t e m b a k a u ( S k o o g , 1 9 7 0 ) menun-

j u k k a n b a h w a k o n s e n t r a s i k i n e t i n 0 . 2 - 1 m g / l t a n p a I A A

m e n d o r o n g i n i s i a s i t u n a s . I n i s i a s i t u n a s s e m a k i n m e n i n g -

k a t d e n g a n 1 m g / l k i n e t i n d a n 0 . 0 0 5 m g / l I A A . K o n s e n t r a s i

k i n e t i n d a n I A A y a n g t i n g g i m e n d o r o n g p e m b e s a r a n d a n

p e m b e l a h a n s e l t a n p a d i f e r e n s i a s i , s e d a n g k a n k o n s e n t r a s i

I A A r e n d a h t a n p a k i n e t i n h a n y a m e n d o r o n g p e m b e s a r a n s e l

t a n p a d i f e r e n s i a s i . K o t i l e d o n D o u g l a s f i r . ( P s e u d o t s u g a

menzesii) j i k a d i k u l t u r k a n d a l a m m e d i a y a n g d i t a m b a h 1 ppm

BA t e r j a d i i n i s i a s i t u n a s a d v e n t i f . K a l u s d a n t u n a s a k a n

m a k i n b a n y a k t e r b e n t u k d a l a m m e d i a y a n g d i b e r i 1 ppm B A

d a n 0 . 0 0 1 ppm N A A . A p a b i l a t u n a s t e r s e b u t d i p i n d a h k e

d a l a m m e d i a y a n g d i t a m b a h 0 . 0 0 1 ppm N A A maka a k a r a k a n

t u m b u h ( C h e a h et. sl., 1 9 7 8 d a l a m H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r ,

1 9 8 3 ) .

H a r t m a n ( 1 9 7 4 ) m e n d a p a t k a n k a l u s d a l a m m e d i a MS y a n g

d i t a m b a h 1 mg/l k i n e t i n d a n 1 5 m g / l I A A d a r i k u l t u r Colo-

cssia, Xanthosoma d a n Caladium. K a l u s y a n g t e r b e n t u k a k a n

b e r d i f e r e n s i a s i m e n b e n t u k t u n a s d a n a k a r j i k a t i d a k d i s u b -

k u l t u r . S t r a u s s d a n A r d i t t i ( 1 9 6 0 ) m e n d a p a t k a n k a l u s d a r i

k u l t u r t u n a s X. caracu d a l a m m e d i a LS y a n g m e n g a n d u n g 1

mg/l k i n e t i n d a l a m w a k t u 1 b u l a n . T u n a s t e r b e n t u k a p a b i l a

k a l u s t i d a k d i s u b k u l t u r l e b i h d a r i 4

-

6 m i n g g u . J i k a

k i n e t i n d i t a m b a h 2 . 5 m g / l NAA d a n S p e r m i n t e t r a h i d r o -

k h l o r i d a maka t u n a s majemuk a k a n l e b i h b a n y a k t e r b e n t u k .

P e r t u m b u h a n t e r b a i k k u l t u r t u n a s Colocasia esculenta

c v . Kakama d a n A k a l o m a m a l e t e r j a d i d a l a m m e d i a LS d i t a m -

b a h 1 5 ppm I A A a t a u m e d i a LS d i t a m b a h 1 ppm k i n e t i n d a n

1 . 5 ppm N A A . M e d i a t a n p a a u k s i n a t a u d e n g a n a u k s i n r e n d a h

( 1 . 5 p p n I A A a t a u 0 . 1 5 ppm NAA) m e n y e b a b k a n p e r t u m b u h a n

a k a r d a n t u n a s t i d a k b a i k . K i n e t i n a k a n m e r a n g s a n g p e r -

k e m b a n g a n t u n a s a p a b i l a k o n s e n t r a s i a u k s i n r e n d a h t e t a p i

a p a b i l a k i n e t i n d i b e r i k a n b e r s a m a - s a m a d e n g a n I A A p a d a

k o n s e n t r a s i 1 5 ppm, p e r t u m b u h a n t u n a s d a n a k a r j u g a a k a n

t e r h a m b a t ( J a c k s o n e t . a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) .

Eksplan

B e r d a s a r k a n t e o r i t o t i p o t e n s i s e l y a n g d i k e m u k a k a n

o l e h S c h l e i d e n d a n S c h w a n n , maka s e t i a p s e l d a r i s e t i a p

b a g i a n t a n a m a n , j i k a d i a m b i l d a n d i l e t a k k a n p a d a l i n g k u n g -

a n y a n g s e s u a i a k a n mampu t u m b u h m e n j a d i t a n a m a n y a n g

s e m p u r n a ( S o e r y o w i n o t o , 1 9 7 6 ) .

B a g i a n t a n a m a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b s h a n u n t u k

i n i s i a s i s u a t u k u l t u r d i s e b u t e k s p l a n . E k s p l a n y a n g umum

d i g u n a k a n u n t u k i n i s i a s i k u l t u r a n t a r a l a i n u j u n g a k a r ,

b a g i a n m e r i s t e m , d a u n d a n t u n a s .

A p a b i l a e k s p l a n d i m a s u k k a n k e d a l a m s u a t u k u l t u r d a n

membentuk k a l u s maka a d a d u a k e m u n g k i n a n y a n g t e r j a d i

y a i t u ( 1 ) t e r b e n t u k t u n a s a d v e n t i f d a n a k a r , ( 2 ) t e r b e n t u k

T u n a s y a n g b i a s a d i g u n a k a n u n t u k e k s p l a n m a s i h m u d a ,

mempunyai p a n j a n g I - 2 cm d e n g a n d a u n - d a u n y a n g m a s i h

muda p u l a . H a s i l p e r b a n y a k a n e k s p l a n m e n j a d i t u n a s a k s i -

l a r d i d a p a t k a n d e n g a n c a r a m e n e k a n p e r t u m b u h a n m e r i s t e m

t e r m i n a l d a n m e n d o r o n g t u n a s a k s i l a r u n t u k t u m b u h d a n

m e u i a n j a n g . P e m i s a h a n u l a n g d a n p e m i n d a h a n p r o p a g u l a k e

d a l a m m e d i a y a n g b a r u m e n i n g k a t k a n h a s i l y a n g b e s a r t e t a p i

j u m l a h n y a m a s i h t e r b a t a s p a d a t u n a s a k s i l a r p a d a e k s p l a n

a t a u p r o p a g u l a . P e r k e m b a n g b i a k a n t u n a s a d v e n t i f y a n g

b e r a s a l d a r i k a l u s p a d a d a s a r p r o p a g u l a t e r n y a t a mampu

m e n i n g k a t k a n j u m l a h t u n a s a k s i l a r y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d a n h a 1

i n i m e n y e b a b k a n l a j u p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n m e n j a d i l e b i h

c e p a t ( H a r t m a n d a n K e s t e r , 1 9 8 7 ) .

B a h a n t a n a m a n y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k p e r b a n y a k a n

t a n a m a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s d a p a t b e r a s a l d a r i t u n a s a k s i l a r

maupun k u l t u r k a l u s . P e r t u m b u h a n d a n p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a

m e m b u t u h k a n w a k t u 2 - 4 b u l a n (SAW, 1 9 8 8 ) .

rn

_Tumbuh

F a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g p e r l u d i p e r h a t i k a n u n t u k l i n g k u n g -

a n

t u m b u h k u l t u r j a r i n g a n k i m p u l d a n t a l a s a d a l a h c a h a y a

d a n t e m p e r a t u r . Umumnya p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m a n i n v i t r o

m e n g g u n a k a n lampu f l u o r e s c e n t d e n g a n i n t e n s i t a s c a h a y a

1 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 l u x s e l a m a 1 2 - 1 6 jam s e t i a p h a r i p a d a s u h u

r u a n g a n 20'

-

2 5 O

C

( H u s s e y , 1 9 7 8 ) .

Tanaman k i m p u l d a n t a l a s m e m b u t u h k a n i n t e n s i t a s c a h a -

h a r i d e n g a n s u h u r u a n g a n d i p e r t a h a n k a n 21'

-

2 S 0 C

BAHAN DAM HETODE

P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k s a n a k a n d i L a b o r a t o r i u m K u l t u r

J a r i n g a n J u r u s a n B u d i d a y a P e r t a n i a n , F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n ,

I P B . K o n d i s i l i n g k u n g a n t u m b u h d i l a b o r a t o r i u m t e r s e b u t

a d a l a h

RH

7 0 % d e n g a n s u h u r u a n g a n d i p e r t a h a n k a n p a d a

22'

- 25' C .

P e n e l i t i a n b e r l a n g s u n g p a d a b u l a n J a n u a r i 1 9 8 9 h i n g g a

b u l a n A g u s t u s 1 9 8 9 .

B a h a n y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n a d a l a h b a h a n t a n a m a n b e r u p a

t u n a s m i k r o d a r i t a n a m a n k i m p u l X. brssiliense d a n t a n a m a n

t a l a s C. esculenta c v . Brssiliene. B a h a n u n t u k m e d i a p e r -

b a n y a k a n t u n a s m i k r o y a n g a k n d i p a k a i s e b a g a i e k s p l a n

maupun y a n g a k a n d i p a k a i u n t u k p e r l a k u a n a d a l a h s a m a , y a i -

t u m e d i a MS 1 / 2 p a d a t , m y o - i n o s i t o l 1 0 0 ppm, T h i a m i n e - H C 1

1 0 ppm, C a s e i n H y d r o l y s a t e 1 0 0 ppm, C y s t e i n H y d r o c h l o r

5 0 ppm, s u k r o s a

3%

d a n a g a r p a s a r ( S w a l l o w ) 7 g / l . Z a t

t u m b u h y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k p e r b a n y a k a n t u n a s m i k r o

s e b a g a i e k s p l a n t e r d i r i d a r i BA 1 ppm d a n I B A 0 . 1 ppm.

S e d a n g k a n z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k

p e r l a k u a n a d a l a h B A d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 0 . 0 , 0 . 5 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 ,

2 . 0 ppm d a n I B A d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 0 . 0 0 , 0 . 0 5 , 0 . 1 0 , 0 . 1 5 ,

P e r a l a t a n y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n b e r u p a b o t o i y a n g b e r u - k u r a n s e k i t a r 1 2 0 m l s e b a n y a k 1 0 0 0 b u a h , d a n r a k k u l t u r y a n g d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n lampu f l u o r e s c e n s e . P e r a l a t a n u n t u k p e m b u a t a n m e d i a a d a l a h n e r a c a S a r t o r i u s , l a b u t a k a r , g e l a s p i a l a , g e l a s u k u r , e r l e n m e y e r , c a w a n p e t r i , p i p e t , a u t o k l a f , p e m a n a s a i r , p e n g a d u k , k a r e t g e l a n g d a n a l u m u n i - um f o i l . U n t u k p e r a l a t a n t a n a m d i p e r g u n a k a n p i n s e t , g u n -

t i n g , pH m e t e r , p i s a u k e c i l , d a n k o t a k t a n a m .

P e n e l i t i a r i i n i t e r d i r i d a r i d u a p e r c o b a a n t e r p i s a h y a i t u t e r h a d a p k i m p u l d a n t a l a s d e n g a n r a n c a n g a n l i n g k u n - g a n a c a k l e n g k a p . M a s i n g - m a s i n g p e r c o b a a n t e r d i r i d a r i d u a f a k t o r , y a i t u f a k t o r BA d e n g a n 5 t a r a f ( 0 . 0 , 0 . 5 , 1 . 0 ,

1 . 5 . d a n 2 . 0 p p m ) , d a n f a k t o r I B A d e n g a n 5 t a r a f ( 0 . 0 0 ,

0 . 0 5 , 0 . 1 0 , 0 . 1 5 , d a n 0 . 2 0 p p m ) .

P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k s a n a k a n s e c a r a f a k t o r i a l , s e h i n g g a t e r d a p a t 2 5 p e r l a k u a n . U n t u k p e r c o b a a n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n 1 0 u l a n g a n d a n t a n a m a n t a l a s 8 u l a n g a n . N u d e 1 s t a t i s t i k a y a n g d i p o s t u l a t k a n a d a l a h :

-

' i j k

-

+

i

+

j

+

i j + i j k

K e t e r a n g a n :

i , j

=

1 , 2 , 3, 4 , 5

k = 1 , 2 , 3 ,

. . . ,

1 0

i

=

t a m b a h a n k a r e n a p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a n I B A k e - i

j

=

t a m b a h a n k a r e n a p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a n BA k e - j

=

t a m b a h a n k a r e n a p e n g a r u h i n t e r a k s i I B A d a n BA

i j i t e - i j

i j k

=

t a m b a h a n k a r e n a p e n g a r u h g a l a t a c a k

P e n g u j i a n l a n j u t a n t e r h a d a p p e r l a k u a n y a n g b e r b e d a

n y a t a d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n a n a l i s i s r e g r e s i u n t u k

m e n d a p a t k a n k o m b i n a s i p e r l a k u a n y a n g o p t i m u m

Ster- . . c. c. B o t a L c k n

BLat

S e b e l u m d i p e r g u n a k a n , b o t o l d i c u c i t e r l e b i h d a h u l u

d a n d i k e r i n g k a n d a l a m o v e n p a d a s u h u 60' C . K e m u d i a n

b o t o l t e r s e b u t d i s t e r i l k a n d e n g a n a u t o k l a f p a d a t e k a n a n

20 p s i s e l a m a 1 . 5 - 2 jam.

A l a t t a n a m s e p e r t i p i s a u , p i n s e t , p i p e t , g e l a s p i a l a

d a n s e b a g a i n y a t i d a k d i s t e r i l k a n , t e t a p i d i c u c i d e n g a n

d e t e r g e n d a n d i k e r i n g k s n d a l a m o v e n .

k r o lant-

B a h a n t a n a m a n y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s a t u a n

p e r c o b a a n d i p e r b a n y a k a g a r k e b u t u h a n p e n e l i t i a n t e r p e n u h i .

Pembuatan m e d i a . P e m b u a t a n m e d i a MS d i p e r m u d a h d e -

n g a n membuat l a r u t a n s t o k d e n g a n k o d e A, B, C , D , E , d a n

F ,

y a i t u l a r u t a n y a n g b e r i s i g a r a m - g a r a m i n o r g a n i k d a r i

m e d i a MS y a n g d i c a m p u r b e r d a s a r k a n j e n i s g a r a m ,

s e r t a

K o n s e n t r a s i l a r u t a n s t o k d i p e k a t k a n 1 0 0 k a l i s e h i n g g a p a d a

s a a t p e m b u a t a n m e d i a h a n y a m e m i p e t s t o k t e r s e b u t s e s u a i

d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i y a n g d i b u t u h k a n .

Hormon-hormon y a n g d i b u t u h k a n a d a l a h 1 ppm BAP d a n O . l

ppm IBA. S e l a i n i t u , k e d a l a m l a r u t a n d i t a m b a h k a n p u l a

s u k r o s a 3% d a n a g a r p a s a r S w a l l o w 7 g / l u n t u k membuat

medium m e n j a d i p a d a t . D e r a j a t k e a s a m a n d i a t u r h i n g g a

m e n c a p a i pH 5 . 7 d e n g a n pH m e t e r . P e n g a t u r a n pH d i l a k u k a n

m e l a l u i p e n a m b a h a n NaOH a t a u HC1

1N

h i n g g a m e n c a p a i pH

y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i

.

Medium s e l a n j u t n y a d i m a s a k h i n g g a men-

d i d i h d a n d i m a s u k k a n k e d a l a m b o t o l y a n g s u d a h d i s t e r i l k a n

d e n g a n v o l u m e m e d i a

+

2 0 m l . B o t o l y a n g t e l a h t e r i s i

m e d i a d i t u t u p d e n g a n a l u m u n i u m f o i l k e m u d i a n d i s t e r i l k a n

l a g i d a l a m a u t o k l a f p a d a t e k a n a n 1 7 . 5 p s i s e l a m a 3 0 - 4 0

m e n i t . M e d i a y a n g t e l a h

s t e r i l

d i s i m p a n s e l a m a 1 m i n g g u

s e b e l u m d i p e r g u n a k a n .

P e n a n a m a n . P e n a n a m a n t u n a s m i k r o d i l a k u k a n p a d a

k o t a k p i n d a h . S e t e l a h i t u , 1 p i s a h a n a n a k a n m i k r o d i p i n -

d a h k a n k e d a l a m s e t i a p b o t o l . B o t o l y a n g t e l a h b e r i s i

p i s a h a n a n a k a n m i k r o d i t u t u p d e n g a n a l u m u n i u m f o i l d a n

d i i k a t d e n g a n k a r e t g e l a n g . S e l a n j u t n y a b o t o l d i b e r i

l a b e l nama k u l t i v a r m a s i n g - m a s i n g d a n d i l e t a k k a n d i a t a s

r a k k u l t u r . C a h a y a y a n g d i k e n a k a n b e r i n t e n s i t a s 1 5 0 0 l u x

s e l a m a 1 6 jam p a d a s u h u 22'- 2 5 ' ~

.

S e t i a p p e r l a k u a n p e r -

c o b a a n t a n a m a n k i m b u l d i u l a n g 1 0 k a l i , s e d a n g k a n p e r c o b a a n

v a n a

D

m

P e n g a m a t a n d i l a k u k a n s e t i a p m i n g g u t e r h a d a p j u m l a h

k u l t u r y a n g b e r k a l u s ,

s a a t

t e r b e n t u k n y a k a l u s , d a n j u m l a h

t u n a s t i a p k u l t u r p a d a k e d u a p e r c o b a a n .

P e n g a m a t a n t a m b a h a n p a d a t a n a m a n t a l a s y a n g d i l a k u k a n

s e t i a p m i n g g u a d a l a h t e r h a d a p j u m l a h d a u n t i a p k u l t u r d a n

j u m l a h a k a r t i a p k u l t u r . P a d a p e r c o b a a n i n i t i d a l r d i l a k u -

k a n p a n e n .

P a n e n t a n a m a n k i m p u l d i l a k u k a n p a d a umur 1 2 NST.

P e u b a h y a n g d i a m a t i p a d a s a a t p a n e n a d a l a h j u m l a h t u n a s

t i a p k u l t u r , j u m l a h d a u n t i a p k u l t u r , j u m l a h a k a r t i a p

k u l t u r , j u m l a h t u n a s y a n g d a p s t d i a k l i m a t i s a s i , j u m l a h d a -

u n t i a p t u n a s , j u m l a h a k a r t i a p t u n a s , d a n p e r s e n t a s e

a n a k a n y a n g d a p a t d i a k l i m a t i a s i .

K r i t e r i a t u n a s y a n g d a p a t d i a k l i m a t i s a s i d i p e r o l e h

s e t e l a h m e l a k u k a n a k l i m a t i s a s i s e b a n y a k d u a u l a n g a n t e r -

h a d a p t u n a s p a n e n d a r i s e m u a p e r l a k u a n . T u n a s - t u n a s h a s i l

p a n e n d i p i s a h k a n m e n u r u t u k u r a n p a n j a n g m e n j a d i g r a d e A

( < 1 e m ) , g r a d e

B

( 1 s a m p a i < 2 e m ) , g r a d e C ( 2 s a m p a i c 3 em), g r a d e D ( 3 s a m p a i < 4 em) d a n g r a d e

E

( 3

4

e m ) .

T u n a s d i t a n a m d a l a m b a k - b a k p l a s t i k y a n g d i i s i t a n a h d a n

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

U m u Pertm&uhai

P a d a s e m u a p e r l a k u a n , p e r t u m b u h a n m u l a i t a m p a k p a d a

m i n g g u p e r t a m a d i t a n d a i d e n g a n m u n c u l n y a t u n a s a k s i l a r

y a n g t u m b u h d a r i p a n g k a l e k s p l a n .

M e n u r u t P i e r i k ( 1 9 8 2 ) , a u k s i n d a p a t m e r a n g s a n g pern-

b e n t u k a n k a l u s d a l a m s u a t u k u l t u r . S e d a n g k a n S t r a u s s d a n

A r d i t t i ( 1 9 8 0 ) m e n d a p a t k a n k a l u s d a r i k u l t u r t u n a s X .

c a r a c u d a l a m m e d i a LS d e n g a n 1 m g / l k i n e t i n . M e n u r u t

W a t t i m e n a ( 1 9 8 8 ) , a u k s i n a k a n s e m a k i n k u a t m e r a n g s a n g

p e r t u m b u h a n k a l u s a p a b i l a d i b a n t u o l e h s i t o k i n i n . P a d a X.

b r a s i l i e n s i s k a l u s m u n c u l s e j a k m i n g g u k e d u a s e t e l a h t a n a m

u n t u k s e m u a p e r l a k u a n , k e c u a l i p a d a k o n s e n t r a s i BA 0 p p m .

S e m u a k u l t u r t e l a h b e r k a l u s p a d a m i n g g u k e e m p a t s e t e l a h

t a n a m . K a l u s m u n c u l p a d a b a g i a n b a t a n g e k s p l a n y a n g d i t a -

n a m . M u n c u l n y a k a l u s p a d a k u l t u r y a n g t i d a k d i b e r i p e r l a -

k u a n BA d i m u l a i p a d a m i n g g u k e d e l a p a n s e t e l a h t a n a m .

J u m l a h k u l t u r y a n g b e r k a l u s m e n i n g k a t a p a b i l a k o n s e n t r a s i

I B A b e r t a m b a h d a n k a l u s y a n g t e r b e n t u k p a d a p e r l a k u a n

s a n g a t s e d i k i t ( T a b e l 1 ) .

T u n a s a k s i l a r rnaupun t u n a s a d v e n t i f t e r b e n t u k p a d a

s e m u a p e r l a k u a n d e n g a n j u m l a h t u n a s p e r k u l t u r b e r v a r i a s i

t u n a s a k s i l a r d i d a p a t k a n d e n g a n m e n e k a n p e r t u m b u h a n meris-

tem a p i k a l d a n h a s i l n y a s e m a k i n t i n g g i a p a b i l a d i s u b k u l t u r

t e t a p i j u m l a h n y a t e r b a t a s p a d a t u n a s a k s i l a r y a n g a d a p a d a

e k s p l a n a t a u p r o p a g u l a . P e r k e m b a n g