Penyimpanan Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) dan KAPRI (Pisum sativum L.) dengan "Modified Atmosphere"

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FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANlm

INSTITUT PERTANlAN BOGOW

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A n a s t a s i a L i n d a T e d j a P r a w i r a . F 2 6 . 0 9 1 7 . P e n y i m p a n a n

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L . ) d e n g a n " M o d i f i e d A t m o s p h e r e " . D i b a u a h b i m - b i n g a n D r . I r . H a d i K . P u r w a d a r i a .

RIHGKASAN

K e b u t u h a n s a y u r - s a y u r a n a k a n t e r u s m e n i n g k a t s e j a l a n

d e n g a n b e r t a m b a h n y a . j u m l a l - , p e n d u d u k d a n m e n i n g k a t n y a

p e n d a p a t a n p e r k a p i t a . H a l i n i d i s e b a b k a n k a r e n a s a y u r -

s s y u r a n m e r u p a k a n s u m b e r v i t a m i n , m i n e r a l , d a n s e r s t S i z i

y a n g b e r g u n a b a g i t u b u h m a n u s i a . D i d a e r a h t r o p i s Yang

h a n g s t dnr! l e m b a b , s a y u r - s a y u r a n m u d a h r u s a k , b a i k a k i b a t

s e r a n g a n hama d a n p e n y a k i t , s u h u d a n k e l e n g a s a n l i n g h u n g -

a n , maupuri p e n a n g a n a n y a r : k a s a r s e h i n g g a m e n y e b a b k a n

p e r u b a h a n f i s i k , k e m i k , d a n b i o l o g i k . R e r u s a k a n i n i j u g 2

A s p a t d i s e b a b k a n o l e h p e r u b s l h : % r , i n u t u s e l s m a p e n y i n ~ p a n z r !

k a r e n n p a d & d s s a z r ~ y a s a y u r - s ~ y u r z n s e t e l a h d i p a n e n m a s i h

h i d u p d a n b e r n a p a s . K e c e p a t a n p e r n a p a s s n n y b t e r g a n t u n g

d a r i s u l ~ u p e n y i m p a n a n d a n k e t r r s e o i a a n o k s i g e ~ ? u n t u k

b e r n a p a s . U n t u k d a e y a h i : i l i r ~ t r o p i s , s a y u r - s a y u r a n b l a s a -

n y a p e r l u d i s i m p a n p a d a s u h u r e n d a h u n t u k m e m p e r p a n j a n g

u m u r n y a . S a l a h s a t u t e k n i k p e n y i m p a n a n y a n g s e d a n g b e r -

k e m b a n g a d a l a h p e n y i m p a n a n d e n E a r l " H o d i f i e d A t m o s p h e r e " ,

d i m a n a p r o d u k d i s i m p a n p a d a s u h u r e n d a h d e n g a r ! k e n a s a n

y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n B o n s e n t r a s i g ~ t e r t e n t u s e h i n g g ~ s u m u r

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p e n u r u n a n 0 2 m a s i n g - m a s i n g s e b e s a r 9 6 . 0 c c / k g jam, 8 . 9

c c / k g j a m , 7 . 7 c c / k g j a m u n t u k k a c a n g m e r a h d a n 1 1 0 . 8

c c / k g

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u n t u k k a p r i .

P e n e n t u a n k o n s e n t r a s i gas O 2 d a n GO2 _optimum _{d i l a k u -}

k a n s e l a m a 1 2 h a r i d a n d i l a k u k a n p e n s a m a t a n t e r h a d a p

k e k e r a a a n d a n w a r n a p a d a k a c a n g m e r a h ; t o t a l g u l a d a n u j i

o r g a n o l e p t i k p a d a k a p r i . P e n g a m a t a n d i l a k u k a n p a d a h a r i

k e - 0 , 4 , 6 , d a n 1 2 . P a d a k a c a n g m e r a h , n i l a i k e k e r a s a n

k o n s e n t r a s i 5 - 1 0 1 C02 d a n 0-3% O 2 p a d a s u h u 5 ' ~ t i d a k

t e r l a l u b e r u b a h , y a i t u h a r i ke-0 s e b e s a r 6 7 2 8 6 . 9 8 9 kg/m2

d a n p a d a h a r i k e - 1 2 s e b e s a r 6 8 7 5 8 . 7 3 4 kg/m2. P a d a s u h u

loOc,

h a r i k e - 0 s e b e s a r 7 7 3 4 0 . 5 4 7 kg/m2 d a n p a d a h a r i k e -

1 2 s e b e s a r 7 1 6 5 4 . 1 4 1 kg/m2. L a i n h a l n y a d e n g a n k o n s e n -

t r a s i y a n g l a i n , n i l a i k e b e r a s a n k a c a n g m e r a h c e n d e r u n g

m e n i n g k a t a t a u m e n u r u n . U n t u k u j i w a r n a , k a c a n g m e r a h

k o n s e n t r a s i 5 - 1 0 % C 0 2 d a n 0-3% O 2 p a d a s u h u 5OC d a n ~ O O C

m e n u n j u k k a n p e r u b a h a n w a r n a y a n g t i d a k t e r l a l u b e s a r .

P a d a h a r i k e - 1 2 , w a r n a k a c a n g m e r a h r e l a t i f t e t a p ' y a i t u

m e r a h muda d e n g a n b e r c a k - b e r c a k u n g u . K o n s e n t r a s i l a i n

m e n u n j u k k a n p e r u b a h a n u a r n a k e a r a h w a r n a c o k l a t a t a u

m e r a h p u d a r . T i n g k a h l a k u k o n s e n t r a s i

i n i

p a d a s u h u

p e n y i m p a n a n 5 ' ~ d a n 1 0 ° c r e l a t i f s a m a , s e h i n g g a d e n g a n

p e r t i n b a n g a n e k o n o m i s , s u h u 1 0 ' ~ d i t e n t u k a n s e b a g a i s u h u

o p t i m u m . S e d a n g k a n k o n s e n t r a s i optimum a d a l a h 5 - 1 0 % C 0 2

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P a d a k a p r i , u j i t o t a l g u l a t i d a k m e n g h a s i l k a n p e r b e -

d a a n y a n g n y a t a u n t u k m a s i n g - m a s i n g k o n s e n t r a s i s e h i n g g a

s u l i t d i t e n t u k a n k o n s e n t r a s i gas y a n g o p t i m u m . Hasil u j i

o r g a n o l e p t i k h a r i k e - 4 t i d a k d i g u n a k a n k a r e n a p e n y i m p a n a n

k a p r i d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t l e b i h d a r i 6 _{h a r i .} _{H a s i l} _{u j i}

o r g a n o l e p t i k h a r i k e - 1 2 m e n u n j u k k a n bahwa k a p r i d a p a t

d i k e m a s d e n g a n p l a s t i k j e n i s a p a p u n d e n g a n d i b e r i l u b a n g

s e b a g a i p e r t u k a r a n u d a r a . H a l i n i s a m a d e n g a n p e r l a k u a n

k o n t r o l d a n m e n g h a s i l k a n k a p r i d e n g a n m u t u y a n g k u r a n g

b a i k . P e n e n t u a n . k o n s e n t r a s i optimum d i d a s a r k a n p a d a h a s i l

u j i o r g a n o l e p t i k h a r i k e - 8 . D a r i t i g a p a r a m e t e r mutu

y a i t u k e m a n i s a n , k e r e n y a h a n , k e s e g a r a n , d a n p e n e r i m a a n

umum k o n s u m e n , d i h a s i l k a n k o n s e n t r a s i 5 - 1 0 % C 0 2 d a n 5 - 8 %

0 2 y a n g p a l i n g d i s u k a i k o n s u m e n . U j i s i d i k r a g a m menun-

j u k k a n bahwa k o n s e n t r a s i m e m b e r i k a n p e n g a r u h y a n g s a n g a t

n y a t a . Namun s u h u p e n y i m p a n a n d a n i n t e r a k s i k e d u a n y a

t i d a k m e m b e r i k a n p e n g a r u h y a n g n y a t a . Dengan p e r t i m b a n g a n

e k o n o m i s , maka s u h u p e n y i m p a n a n 1 0 ' ~ d i t e n t u k a n s e b a g a i

s u h u p e n y i m p a n a n o p t i m u m .

U n t u k k a c a n g m e r a h , k e m a s a n y a n g d i p i l i h a d a l a h

p o l i e t i l e n d e n g a n k e t e b a l a n 0 . 0 0 2 5 cm d a n 0 . 0 0 3 0 cm.

N i l a i p e r m e a b i l i t a s t e r h a d a p g a s 0 2 b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 2 .

3 5 8 . 2 5 - 4 1 7 . 9 6 cc02/m j a m a t m . N i l a i p e r m e a b i l i t a s t e r h a -

d a p g a s C 0 2 b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 8 3 2 . 9 8 - 1 6 7 0 . 9 9 c c ~ o ~ / r n ~ jam

a t m . B e r a t k a c a n g m e r a h y a n g d i k e m a s s e b e s a r 0 . 2 kg d a n

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p e r s e g i p a n j a n g . P e n g u k u r a n l a j u r e s p i r a s i s e l a m a d a l a m

k e m a s a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h u a k e m a s a n p o l i e t i l e n l e b i h p e r m e a -

b e 1 t e r h a d a p 0 2 d a r i p a d a COP U n t u k kemasan p o l i e t i l e n

0 . 0 0 2 5 cm, k e n a i k a n g a s C02 m e n c a p a i 4 . 9 % d a n p e n u r u n a n

g a s 0 2 h a n y a m e n c a p a i 4 . 5 % . L a j u p e n u r u n a n g a s 02 s e b e s a r

0 . 9 3 c c / k g jam d a n l a j u k e n a i k a n g a s C02 s e b e s a r 0 . 1 9

c c / k g j a m . U n t u k kemasan p o l i e t i l e n 0 . 0 0 3 0 cm, k e n a i k a n

g a s C 0 2 h a n y a m e n c a p a i 3 . 8 % d a n p e n u r u n a n g a s O 2 11anya

m e n c a p a i 7 . 5 % . L a j u p e n u r u n a n g a s O 2 s e b e s a r 0 . 7 6 c c / k g

j a m d a n l a j u k e n a i k a n g a s C 0 2 s e b e s a r 0 . 1 9 c c / k g j a m .

P a d a k e d u a j e n i s p l a s t i k i n i , k e a d a a n opt.imum t e r c a p a i

s e t e l a h p e n y i m p a n a n s e l a m a 7 - 8 h a r i . H a s i l u j i o r g a n o l e p -

t i k k a c a n g m e r a h s e l a m a d a l a m kemasan m e n u n j u k k a n bahwa

s a m p a i h a r i k e - 1 2 , konsumen m a s i h m e n y u k a i k a c a n g m e r a h

b a i k y a n g d i k e m a s d e n g a n p o l i e t i l e n 0 . 0 0 2 5 cm maupun

d e n g a n p o l i e t i l e n 0 . 0 0 3 0 cm.

Untuk k a p r i , kemasan y a n g d i p i l i h a d a l a t ~ p o l i e t i l e n

d e n g a n k e t e b a l a n 0 . 0 0 2 5 cm d a n 0 . 0 0 3 0 cm. N i l a i p e r m e a b i -

l i t a s t e r h a d a p g a s 0 2 b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 5 2 7 . 5 6 - 6 4 9 . 3 1

c c o Z / m 2 jam a t m . N i l a i p e r m e a b i l i t a s t e r h a d a p g a s C02

b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 9 9 4 . 6 5 - 1 9 9 5 . 3 1 c c ~ 0 ~ / m ~ jam a t m . B e r a t

k a p r i y a n g d i k e m a s s e b e s a r 0 . 0 8 5 kg d a n l u a s p e r m u k a a n

k e m a s a n s e b e s a r 1 4 4 x 1 0 - ~ m2 d e n g a n b e n t u k p e r s e g i p a n j a n g .

P e n g u k u r a n l a j u r e s p i r a s i s e l a m a d a l a m k e m a s a n m e n u n j u k k a n

bahwa kemasan p o l i e t i l e n l e b i h p e r m e a b e l t e r h a d a p O2

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i k a n g a s C02 m e n c a p a i 5 . 6 % d a n p e n u r u n a n g a s 0 2 h a n y a

m e n c a p a i 9 . 9 % . L a j u p e n u r u n a n g a s O 2 s e b e s a r 1.13 c c / k g

j a m d a n l a j u k e n a i k a n g a s C02 s e b e s a r 0 . 5 5 c c / k g jam.

U n t u k kemasan p o l i e t i l e n 0 . 0 0 3 0 cm, k e n a i k a n g a s C 0 2 h a n y a

m e n c a p a i 3 . 7 % d a n p e n u r u n a n g a s O 2 h a n y a rnencapa'i 1 0 . 7 % .

L a j u p e n u r u n a n g a s O 2 s e b e s a r 0 . 9 8 c c / k g jam d a n l a j u

k e n a i k a n g a s C 0 2 s e b e s a r 0 . 2 9 c c / k g j a m . P a d a k e d u a j e n i s

p l a s t i k i n i , k e a d a a n o p t i m u m t e r c a p a i s e t e l a h p e n y i m p a n a n

s e l a m a 9 h a r i . H a s i l u j i o r g a n o l e p t i k k a p r i s e l a m a d a l a m

kemasan m e n u n j u k k a n bahwa s a m p a i h a r i k e - 1 2 , konsumen

m a s i h m e n y u k a i k a p r i b a i k y a n g d i k e m a s d e n g a n p o l i e t i l e n

0 . 0 0 2 5 c m _{maupun d e n g a n p o l i e t i l e n 0 . 0 0 3 0 cm}

P e n g g a n t i a n kemasan u n t u k k a c a n g m e r a h m e n y e b a b k a n

a d a n y a p e r t a m b a h a n b i a y a s e b e s a r Rp 75,OO p e r 2 0 0 g r a m

u n t u k p e m a s a r a n d i B o g o r , S u k a b u m i , d a n J a k a r t a . Kemasan

y a n g b a r u d a p a t m e m p e r t a h a n k a n m u t u k a c a n g m e r a h s e l a m a 1 2

h a r i d e n g a n h a r g a Rp 525,OO p e r k e m a s a n , s e d a n g k a n kemasan

Yang lama h a n y a d a p a t m e m p e r t a h a n k a n m u t u s e l a m a 3-4 h a r i

d e n g a n h a r g a Rp 450,OO p e r k e m a s a n .

P e n g g a n t i a n k e m a s a n u n t u k k a p r i m e n y e b a b k a n a d a n y a

p e r t a m b a h a n b i a y a s e b e s a r Rp 50,OO p e r 85 g r a m u n t u k

p e m a s a r a n d i B o g o r d a n S u k a b u m i . J u g a a d a p e n u r u n a n b i a y a

s e b e s a r Rp 5 0 , 0 0 p e r 85 g r a m u n t u k p e m a s a r a n d i J a k a r t a .

Kemasan y a n g b a r u d a p a t m e m p e r t a h a n k a n m u t u s e l a m a 1 2 h a r i p e n y i m p a n a n d e n g a n h a r g a Rp 440,OO p e r k e m a s a n , s e d a n g k a n

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INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

PENYIHPANBN KACANG WgRBH (-

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s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m ~ e r o l e h g e l a r

SARJANA TEKHOLOGI PBRTANIAN

p a d a J u r u s a n M e k a n i s a s i P e r t a n i a n

F a k u l t a s T e k n o l o g i P e r t a n i a n

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

O l e h :

ANASTASIA LINDA TEDJA PRAWIRA

F 2 6 . 0 9 1 7

D i l a h i r k a n d i J a k a r t a , 9 N o v e m b e r 1 9 7 0

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KATA PENGANTAR

P u j i s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t T u h a n Y a n g

Maha E s a k a r e n a a t a s b e r k a t N y a , p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i -

k a n p e n e l i t i a n d a n t u l i s a n i n i .

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n b a n y a k t e r i m a

k a s i h k e p a d a :

1 . D r . I r . H a d i K . P u r w a d a r i a s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g y a n g

t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b e r i k a n b i m b i n g a n d a n p e t u n j u k s e l a m a

p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e n y e l e s a i a n t u l i s a n i n i .

2 . I r . P u t i a t i M a h d a r , MAppSc d a n I r . I Wayan B u d i a s t r a ,

MAgr y a n g b e r s e d i a m e n j a d i d o s e n p e n g u j i .

3 . B a p a k Haji S u p a r m a n , B a p a k W a h i d , d a n B a p a k S u r y a d e n y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b a n t u s e l a m a i n i .

4 . P a p a , Mama, K r i s n a n t o , Y o h a n , E f f e n d i , D j a j a , F e n n y d a n E l l y y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n b a n t u a n d a n d o r o n g a n m o r i l

s e l a m a m e l a k s a n a k a n s t u d i d a n p e n e l i t i a n .

5 . R e k a n - r e k a n d a n s e m u a p i h a k y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b a n t u .

A k h i r k a t a , s e m o g a t u l i s a n i n i b e r m a n f a a t b a g i s e m u a

p i h a k y a n g m e m e r l u k a n n y a .

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DAFTAR

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