Lampiran 1
Sidik ragam sifat arang aktif
Sumber Keragaman
Kuadrat
tengah
F hitung
P
1 Kadar air
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
74.305
1.827
7.234
4.402
0.298
7.969
18.317
560.5
13.78
54.57
33.21
2.25
60.11
138.17
0.000**
0.006**
0.000**
0.000**
0.172
0.000**
0.000**
2 Kadar abu
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
30.1705
15.1644
0.2782
5.5162
0.2136
0.0034
2.1144
496.01
249.3
4.57
90.69
3.51
0.06
34.76
0.000**
0.000**
0.065
0.000**
0.098
0.818
0.000**
3 Kadar zat terbang
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
28.987
5.415
0.279
3.219
0.491
23.479
3.945
7.66
1.43
0.07
0.85
0.13
6.20
1.04
0.024*
0.266
0.793
0.383
0.728
0.037*
0.337
4 Karbon terikat
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
118.302
38.703
1.114
17.162
1.352
24.05
11.836
27.82
9.10
0.26
4.04
0.32
5.66
2.78
0.001**
0.017*
0.623
0.079
0.588
0.045*
0.134
5 Daya serap benzena
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
27.292
12.491
5.647
18.193
2.591
9.159
2.651
43.47
19.89
8.99
28.97
4.13
14.59
4.22
0.000**
0.002**
0.017*
0.001**
0.077
0.005**
0.074
70
Lampiran 1
Sidik ragam sifat arang aktif (Lanjutan)
Sumber Keragaman
Kuadrat
tengah
F hitung
P
6 Daya serap kloroform
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
28.057
122.177
5.378
33.25
16.019
7.28
2.627
15.66
68.20
3.00
18.56
8.94
4.06
1.47
0.004**
0.000**
0.121
0.003**
0.017*
0.079
0.260
7 Daya serap iod
Jenis arang aktif
Perendaman kimia
Waktu aktivasi
Jenis arang*Perendaman
Jenis arang*Waktu
Perendaman*Waktu
Jenis arang*Perendaman*Waktu
6721
72069
2173
40377
1367
5708
747
22.62
242.51
7.31
135.87
4.60
19.21
2.51
0.001**
0.000**
0.027*
0.000**
0.064
0.002**
0.152
Keterangan : 1. Selang kepercayaan yang digunakan adalah 95% (α = 0.05),
2. Jika P > 0.05, perlakuan tidak memberi pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap peubah terikat,
3. Jika P ≤ 0.05, perlakuan memberi pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap peubah terikat.
Lampiran 2
Uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) sifat arang aktif
Sifat Nilai
tengah
perlakuan
BNT
Kadar air
TKP
5.982
KOH
7.799
W80
8.809
A
A
A
Sengon
10.292
Blanko
8.475
W110
7.465
B
A
A
3.019486
5.014987
4.896087
Kadar abu
TKP
4.166
KOH
6.513
A
A
Sengon
6.912
Blanko
4.566
B
A
2.296063
2.930888
Kadar zat terbang
TKP
16.315 A
Sengon
19.007 A
3.854137
Karbon terikat
TKP
79.519
KOH
75.244
Sengon
74.08
Blanko
78.355
B
A
5.329753
6.774702
A
A
Daya serap benzena
TKP
20.082
KOH
17.893
W80
18.182
A
A
A
Sengon
17.47
Blanko
19.66
W110
19.37
A
A
A
3.513184
3.953435
4.141159
Daya serap kloroform
TKP
27.397
KOH
23.309
A
A
Sengon
24.748
Blanko
28.836
A
B
6.682525
4.867501
Daya serap iod
TKP
809.55
KOH
721.94
W80
777.4
A
A
A
Sengon
768.56
Blanko
856.17
W110
800.71
A
B
A
166.2817
114.7761
169.2760
Ket: 1. Huruf yang sama dalam satu baris, nilainya tidak berbeda nyata pada α = 0.10,2. Jenis arang: TKP = tempurung kelapa; Sengon = kayu sengon,
3. Perendaman kimia: KOH = dengan perendaman; Blanko = tanpa perendaman, 4. Waktu aktivasi: W80 = steam 80 menit; W110 = steam 110 menit.
Lampiran 3
Data pengukuran konduktansi dan ketebalan sampel arang dan arang aktif
Jenis Arang Ulangan
Konduktansi (S) pada tiap frekuensi (Hz)
50 100 500 1K 3K 5K 8K 10K 30K 50K 80K 100K Arang TKP AAT-KOH 80 AAT-KOH 110 AAT-80 AAT 110 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 2.393E-04 1.912E-04 1.3204 0.9504 0.8422 1.0191 0.9409 0.7259 0.8061 0.7537 0.7026 2.533E-04 2.030E-04 1.3245 0.9488 0.8556 1.0232 0.9511 0.7307 0.8117 0.7607 0.7063 2.866E-04 2.317E-04 1.3328 0.9555 0.8698 1.0299 0.9563 0.7348 0.8163 0.7694 0.7111 3.053E-04 2.473E-04 1.3385 0.9578 0.8777 1.0341 0.9594 0.7377 0.8203 0.7744 0.7154 3.383E-04 2.763E-04 1.3486 0.9678 0.8914 1.0438 0.9633 0.7417 0.8245 0.7819 0.7215 3.570E-04 2.923E-04 1.3548 0.9738 0.9003 1.0501 0.9657 0.7444 0.8287 0.7869 0.7256 3.759E-04 3.089E-04 1.3619 0.9814 0.9104 1.0582 0.9702 0.7479 0.8325 0.7931 0.7305 3.860E-04 3.178E-04 1.3661 0.9848 0.9161 1.0631 0.9729 0.7501 0.8354 0.7966 0.7335 4.423E-04 3.672E-04 1.3929 1.0204 0.9506 1.0940 0.9764 0.7580 0.8436 0.8132 0.7483 4.750E-04 3.958E-04 1.4078 1.0454 0.9754 1.1134 0.9764 0.7628 0.8477 0.8229 0.7566 5.094E-04 4.260E-04 1.4147 1.0738 1.0039 1.1305 0.9693 0.7638 0.8456 0.8306 0.7630 5.275E-04 4.418E-04 1.4110 1.0878 1.0188 1.1367 0.9635 0.7626 0.8420 0.8321 0.7643 Jenis Arang Ulangan Konduktansi (S) pada tiap frekuensi (Hz) Ketebalan (mm) Rata-rata
(mm) Rata-rata (m) 300K 500K 800K 1M 3M 5M U1 U2 U3 U4 Arang TKP AAT-KOH 80 AAT-KOH 110 AAT-80 AAT 110 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 6.370E-04 5.382E-04 1.0946 1.0698 0.9689 1.0257 0.7867 0.6919 0.7007 0.7533 0.6901 7.071E-04 5.998E-04 0.6796 0.8448 0.6977 0.7699 0.5654 0.5640 0.5091 0.5883 0.5429 7.901E-04 6.733E-04 0.3326 0.5034 0.3670 0.4540 0.3311 0.3829 0.3006 0.3691 0.3460 8.410E-04 7.183E-04 0.2222 0.3567 0.2465 0.3242 0.2385 0.2938 0.2173 0.2714 0.2566 1.124E-03 9.608E-04 0.0221 0.0385 0.0235 0.0382 0.0304 0.0441 0.0284 0.0346 0.0340 1.481E-03 1.294E-03 0.0052 0.0098 0.0058 0.0105 0.0088 0.0139 0.0090 0.0101 0.0104 1.89 1.99 1.92 1.96 1.95 1.90 1.90 1.85 1.74 2.10 2.15 1.94 1.93 1.94 1.94 1.99 1.92 1.83 1.84 1.78 2.15 2.14 1.96 1.94 1.88 1.90 1.93 1.91 1.87 1.88 1.75 2.10 2.19 1.84 1.94 1.86 1.96 2.02 1.93 1.84 1.88 1.78 2.16 2.16 1.908 1.950 1.900 1.940 1.973 1.915 1.860 1.863 1.763 2.128 2.160 0.001908 0.001950 0.001900 0.001940 0.001973 0.001915 0.001860 0.001863 0.001763 0.002128 0.002160
1. Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa
Jenis Arang Ulangan Konduktansi (Siemens) pada tiap frekuensi (Hz) 50 100 500 1K 3K 5K 8K 10K 30K 50K 80K 100K Arang Sengon AAS-KOH 80 AAS-KOH 110 AAS-80 AAS-110 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1.820E-08 1.694E-08 0.4173 0.4236 0.6037 0.7008 0.5487 0.3541 0.4759 0.5414 0.4267 0.6968 0.6750 5.452E-09 4.968E-09 0.4202 0.4255 0.6071 0.7060 0.5500 0.3559 0.4789 0.5430 0.4305 0.7008 0.6792 6.916E-09 7.599E-09 0.4241 0.4293 0.6122 0.7121 0.5524 0.3582 0.4821 0.5450 0.4331 0.7040 0.6812 1.360E-08 1.314E-08 0.4265 0.4312 0.6146 0.7157 0.5540 0.3597 0.4839 0.5465 0.4348 0.7067 0.6825 1.884E-08 1.794E-08 0.4299 0.4345 0.6183 0.7223 0.5580 0.3617 0.4869 0.5490 0.4368 0.7101 0.68525 2.636E-08 2.401E-08 0.4322 0.4365 0.6209 0.7263 0.5609 0.3631 0.4892 0.5505 0.4381 0.7128 0.6869 3.378E-08 3.087E-08 0.4349 0.4389 0.6239 0.7313 0.5643 0.3646 0.4915 0.5527 0.4397 0.7157 0.6895 3.880E-08 3.517E-08 0.4365 0.4402 0.6255 0.7340 0.5661 0.3656 0.4931 0.5541 0.4408 0.7180 0.6909 7.658E-08 7.085E-08 0.4449 0.4482 0.6346 0.7499 0.5778 0.3697 0.5002 0.5614 0.4448 0.7258 0.6983 1.066E-07 1.022E-07 0.4508 0.4538 0.6405 0.7587 0.5846 0.3726 0.5049 0.5661 0.4476 0.7307 0.7022 1.319E-07 1.157E-07 0.4570 0.4599 0.6461 0.7668 0.5905 0.3755 0.5097 0.5704 0.4504 0.7335 0.7039 1.591E-08 3.729E-08 0.4605 0.4632 0.6489 0.7692 0.5923 0.3771 0.5118 0.5719 0.4516 0.7337 0.7031 Jenis Arang Ulangan Konduktansi (S) pada tiap frekuensi (Hz) Ketebalan (mm) Rata-rata
(mm) Rata-rata (m) 300K 500K 800K 1M 3M 5M U1 U2 U3 U4 Arang Sengon AAS-KOH 80 AAS-KOH 110 AAS-80 AAS-110 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 3.166E-07 3.092E-07 0.4745 0.4798 0.6436 0.7169 0.5597 0.3811 0.5123 0.5546 0.4435 0.6801 0.6321 4.429E-07 4.187E-07 0.4628 0.4786 0.5953 0.5891 0.4735 0.3717 0.4870 0.5000 0.4098 0.5687 0.5083 5.935E-07 5.419E-07 0.4117 0.4526 0.4833 0.3962 0.3319 0.3388 0.4200 0.3931 0.3353 0.3974 0.3371 7.046E-07 6.398E-07 0.3673 0.4240 0.4064 0.3009 0.2573 0.3098 0.3691 0.3258 0.2839 0.3088 0.2560 1.819E-05 1.796E-05 0.0881 0.1432 0.0776 0.0424 0.0394 0.0922 0.0882 0.0616 0.0573 0.0474 0.0376 5.705E-05 5.869E-05 0.0295 0.0496 0.0239 0.0128 0.0129 0.0331 0.0300 0.0204 0.0192 0.0148 0.0123 2.53 2.53 2.15 2.28 2.20 2.07 2.22 2.38 2.15 2.25 2.24 2.12 2.04 2.57 2.51 2.20 2.25 2.22 2.04 2.24 2.40 2.17 2.26 2.21 2.14 2.02 2.50 2.58 2.17 2.23 2.23 2.08 2.24 2.41 2.11 2.26 2.26 2.16 2.12 2.54 2.55 2.20 2.25 2.21 2.07 2.26 2.40 2.11 2.22 2.20 2.14 2.08 2.535 2.543 2.180 2.253 2.215 2.065 2.240 2.398 2.135 2.248 2.228 2.140 2.065 0.002535 0.002543 0.002180 0.002253 0.002215 0.002065 0.002240 0.002398 0.002135 0.002248 0.002228 0.002140 0.002065 73
Lampiran 4
Data Kalkulasi Konduktivitas Arang dan Arang aktif
Frekuensi (Hz) Konduktivitas rata-rata (S/m) Arang TKP AAT KOH-80 AAT
KOH-110 AAT-80 AAT-110
Arang Sengon
AAS KOH-80
AAS
KOH-110 AAS-80 AAS-110 50 2.3085E-03 12.1155 10.0567 8.3930 8.6873 2.4830E-07 5.1884 7.4479 5.7189 7.1176 100 2.4465E-03 12.1286 10.1519 8.4632 8.7515 7.3634E-08 5.2180 7.4870 5.7458 7.1653 500 2.7795E-03 12.2089 10.2654 8.5101 8.8321 1.0258E-07 5.2650 7.5414 5.7768 7.1962 1000 2.9633E-03 12.2513 10.3312 8.5443 8.8876 1.8896E-07 5.2917 7.5718 5.7968 7.2192 3000 3.2960E-03 12.3587 10.4583 8.5850 8.9681 2.5993E-07 5.3332 7.6290 5.8280 7.2514 5000 3.4819E-03 12.4241 10.5409 8.6164 9.0226 3.5592E-07 5.3592 7.6668 5.8494 7.2741 8000 3.6729E-03 12.5022 10.6396 8.6563 9.0893 4.5684E-07 5.3912 7.7123 5.8746 7.3023 10000 3.7743E-03 12.5433 10.6968 8.6829 9.1274 5.2264E-07 5.4091 7.7367 5.8910 7.3210 30000 4.3412E-03 12.8770 11.0508 8.7491 9.3154 1.0418E-06 5.5099 7.8840 5.9680 7.3967 50000 4.6704E-03 13.0908 11.2904 8.7790 9.4222 1.4755E-06 5.5807 7.9701 6.0190 7.4429 80000 5.0172E-03 13.2807 11.5382 8.7513 9.5061 1.7494E-06 5.6567 8.0484 6.0691 7.4716 100000 5.1985E-03 13.3367 11.6530 8.7153 9.5228 3.7620E-07 5.6983 8.0766 6.0907 7.4748 300000 6.3034E-03 11.5661 10.7874 7.3987 8.6104 4.4218E-06 5.8874 7.7189 6.0385 6.9564 500000 7.0102E-03 8.1564 7.9349 5.5659 6.7478 6.0893E-06 5.8088 6.6725 5.6686 5.9002 800000 7.8499E-03 4.4774 4.4351 3.4491 4.2657 8.0233E-06 5.3356 4.8845 4.8111 4.2559 1000000 8.3645E-03 3.1010 3.0816 2.5494 3.1500 9.4997E-06 4.8875 3.8928 4.1994 3.3803 3000000 1.1182E-02 0.3246 0.3332 0.3500 0.4095 2.5549E-04 1.4323 0.6449 1.0168 0.5693 5000000 1.4884E-02 0.0804 0.0880 0.1078 0.1223 8.1795E-04 0.4900 0.2010 0.3512 0.1855
C
atatan: Data telah dirata-ratakan dari semua ulangannya.Lampiran 5 Data fluks air membran
Luas Membran = 2cm x 10 cm = 20 cm2 = 0.002 m2 Ketebalan Membran = 0.04 mm – 0.05 mm Waktu (sekon) Volume (mL) Rerata Vol (L) Fluks (L/m2s) Fluks (L/m2h) U1 U2 U3 Rata-rata 10 20 30 40 50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720 750 780 810 840 870 900 3 5 7 9 12 14 21 28 35 41 48 55 61 68 75 81 87 94 101 108 114 120 126 132 137 142 148 153 159 164 169 175 180 185 3 5 7 9 12 14 21 28 35 42 49 55 62 68 74 81 87 94 101 107 113 119 125 130 136 141 146 152 158 163 168 174 179 184 3 5 7 9 11 14 21 28 34 40 46 53 59 65 72 78 84 90 97 103 109 115 121 127 132 138 143 148 153 158 164 170 175 180 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.67 14.00 21.00 28.00 34.67 41.00 47.67 54.33 60.67 67.00 73.67 80.00 86.00 92.67 99.67 106.00 112.00 118.00 124.00 129.67 135.00 140.33 145.67 151.00 156.67 161.67 167.00 173.00 178.00 183.00 0.003 0.005 0.007 0.009 0.012 0.014 0.021 0.028 0.035 0.041 0.048 0.054 0.061 0.067 0.074 0.080 0.086 0.093 0.100 0.106 0.112 0.118 0.124 0.130 0.135 0.140 0.146 0.151 0.157 0.162 0.167 0.173 0.178 0.183 0.1500 0.1250 0.1167 0.1125 0.1167 0.1167 0.1167 0.1167 0.1156 0.1139 0.1135 0.1132 0.1123 0.1117 0.1116 0.1111 0.1103 0.1103 0.1107 0.1104 0.1098 0.1093 0.1088 0.1081 0.1071 0.1063 0.1056 0.1049 0.1044 0.1036 0.1031 0.1030 0.1023 0.1017 540.00 450.00 420.00 405.00 420.00 420.00 420.00 420.00 416.00 410.00 408.57 407.50 404.44 402.00 401.82 400.00 396.92 397.14 398.67 397.50 395.29 393.33 391.58 389.00 385.71 382.73 380.00 377.50 376.00 373.08 371.11 370.71 368.28 366.00 Fluks rata-rata 0.1116 401.6476
Lampiran 5 Data fluks air membran (Lanjutan)
Waktu (sekon) Volume (mL) Rerata Vol (L) Fluks (L/m2s) Fluks (L/m2h) U1 U2 U3 Rata-rata 10 20 30 40 50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720 750 780 810 840 870 900 3 6 9 12 14 17 24 32 38 44 51 58 65 72 78 85 91 98 105 112 118 124 130 135 140 146 152 157 162 168 173 179 184 189 3 5 7 10 12 15 21 28 34 40 46 53 59 65 71 77 83 89 96 102 108 114 119 124 129 134 139 144 149 154 159 164 169 174 3 5 7 9 11 14 21 27 33 39 45 52 58 64 70 76 82 88 95 101 107 113 118 124 129 134 139 144 149 154 159 164 169 174 3.00 5.33 7.67 10.33 12.33 15.33 22.00 29.00 35.00 41.00 47.33 54.33 60.67 67.00 73.00 79.33 85.33 91.67 98.67 105.00 111.00 117.00 122.33 127.67 132.67 138.00 143.33 148.33 153.33 158.67 163.67 169.00 174.00 179.00 0.0030 0.0053 0.0077 0.0103 0.0123 0.0153 0.0220 0.0290 0.0350 0.0410 0.0473 0.0543 0.0607 0.0670 0.0730 0.0793 0.0853 0.0917 0.0987 0.1050 0.1110 0.1170 0.1223 0.1277 0.1327 0.1380 0.1433 0.1483 0.1533 0.1587 0.1637 0.1690 0.1740 0.1790 0.1500 0.1333 0.1278 0.1292 0.1233 0.1278 0.1222 0.1208 0.1167 0.1139 0.1127 0.1132 0.1123 0.1117 0.1106 0.1102 0.1094 0.1091 0.1096 0.1094 0.1088 0.1083 0.1073 0.1064 0.1053 0.1045 0.1039 0.1030 0.1022 0.1017 0.1010 0.1006 0.1000 0.0994 540.00 480.00 460.00 465.00 444.00 460.00 440.00 435.00 420.00 410.00 405.71 407.50 404.44 402.00 398.18 396.67 393.85 392.86 394.67 393.75 391.76 390.00 386.32 383.00 379.05 376.36 373.91 370.83 368.00 366.15 363.70 362.14 360.00 358.00 Fluks rata-rata 0.1125 405.08 2. Membran PS-TKP 2%
Lampiran 5 Data fluks air membran (Lanjutan)
Waktu (sekon) Volume (mL) Rerata Vol (L) Fluks (L/m2s) Fluks (L/m2h) U1 U2 Rata-rata 10 20 30 40 50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720 750 780 810 840 870 900 2 3 5 7 9 11 16 20 24 28 33 37 41 46 50 55 60 64 69 73 77 82 86 90 95 99 104 108 113 117 121 125 129 133 3 5 7 9 11 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 101 106 110 114 118 122 125 2.5 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 11.5 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 32.5 36.5 40.5 45.0 49.0 53.5 58.0 62.0 66.5 70.5 74.5 79.0 83.0 87.0 91.5 95.5 100.0 104.5 109.5 113.5 117.5 121.5 125.5 129.0 0.0025 0.0040 0.0060 0.0080 0.0100 0.0115 0.0160 0.0200 0.0240 0.0280 0.0325 0.0365 0.0405 0.0450 0.0490 0.0535 0.0580 0.0620 0.0665 0.0705 0.0745 0.0790 0.0830 0.0870 0.0915 0.0955 0.1000 0.1045 0.1095 0.1135 0.1175 0.1215 0.1255 0.1290 0.1250 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.0958 0.0889 0.0833 0.0800 0.0778 0.0774 0.0760 0.0750 0.0750 0.0742 0.0743 0.0744 0.0738 0.0739 0.0734 0.0730 0.0731 0.0728 0.0725 0.0726 0.0723 0.0725 0.0726 0.0730 0.0728 0.0725 0.0723 0.0721 0.0717 450.00 360.00 360.00 360.00 360.00 345.00 320.00 300.00 288.00 280.00 278.57 273.75 270.00 270.00 267.27 267.50 267.69 265.71 266.00 264.38 262.94 263.33 262.11 261.00 261.43 260.45 260.87 261.25 262.80 261.92 261.11 260.36 259.66 258.00 Fluks rata-rata 0.0798 287.39 3. Membran PS-TKP 6%78
Lampiran 5 Data fluks air membran (Lanjutan)
Waktu (sekon) Volume (mL) Rerata Vol (L) Fluks (L/m2s) Fluks (L/m2h) U1 U2 U3 Rata-rata 10 20 30 40 50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720 750 780 810 840 870 900 4 7 11 15 18 22 32 42 52 62 72 81 90 100 109 118 126 134 142 150 157 165 173 180 188 196 204 212 219 225 231 237 243 250 4 7 11 14 17 20 31 42 54 66 77 88 100 111 122 132 141 151 159 169 178 187 197 206 214 222 230 237 245 253 261 268 276 284 5 9 14 18 22 26 38 50 62 73 83 94 105 115 125 134 142 151 159 167 175 183 191 198 206 213 220 227 233 239 245 252 258 264 4.33 7.67 12.00 15.67 19.00 22.67 33.67 44.67 56.00 67.00 77.33 87.67 98.33 108.67 118.67 128.00 136.33 145.33 153.33 162.00 170.00 178.33 187.00 194.67 202.67 210.33 218.00 225.33 232.33 239.00 245.67 252.33 259.00 266.00 0.0043 0.0077 0.0120 0.0157 0.0190 0.0227 0.0337 0.0447 0.0560 0.0670 0.0773 0.0877 0.0983 0.1087 0.1187 0.1280 0.1363 0.1453 0.1533 0.1620 0.1700 0.1783 0.1870 0.1947 0.2027 0.2103 0.2180 0.2253 0.2323 0.2390 0.2457 0.2523 0.2590 0.2660 0.2167 0.1917 0.2000 0.1958 0.1900 0.1889 0.1870 0.1861 0.1867 0.1861 0.1841 0.1826 0.1821 0.1811 0.1798 0.1778 0.1748 0.1730 0.1704 0.1688 0.1667 0.1651 0.1640 0.1622 0.1608 0.1593 0.1580 0.1565 0.1549 0.1532 0.1516 0.1502 0.1489 0.1478 780.00 690.00 720.00 705.00 684.00 680.00 673.33 670.00 672.00 670.00 662.86 657.50 655.56 652.00 647.27 640.00 629.23 622.86 613.33 607.50 600.00 594.44 590.53 584.00 579.05 573.64 568.70 563.33 557.60 551.54 545.93 540.71 535.86 532.00 Fluks rata-rata 0.1736 624.99 4. Membran PS-Sengon 2%
Lampiran 5 Data fluks air membran (Lanjutan)
Waktu (sekon) Volume (mL) Rerata Vol (L) Fluks (L/m2s) Fluks (L/m2h) U1 U2 Rata-rata 10 20 30 40 50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720 750 780 810 840 870 900 3 6 8 11 14 16 23 30 37 43 48 54 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 104 109 113 117 121 125 128 132 135 139 142 145 149 4 6 8 11 13 16 23 29 35 41 47 53 59 65 71 77 83 88 94 100 106 112 117 123 128 132 137 142 147 152 157 161 166 171 6.5 13.0 19.0 25.5 32.0 38.0 56.5 75.0 93.5 111.5 129.0 147.0 165.0 182.5 200.0 217.5 235.0 252.5 270.0 287.5 305.0 322.0 339.5 356.5 373.5 390.5 407.5 424.0 441.0 457.5 474.5 491.0 507.5 524.5 0.0065 0.0130 0.0190 0.0255 0.0320 0.0380 0.0565 0.0750 0.0935 0.1115 0.1290 0.1470 0.1650 0.1825 0.2000 0.2175 0.2350 0.2525 0.2700 0.2875 0.3050 0.3220 0.3395 0.3565 0.3735 0.3905 0.4075 0.4240 0.4410 0.4575 0.4745 0.4910 0.5075 0.5245 0.4615 0.4615 0.4211 0.4314 0.4375 0.4211 0.4071 0.4000 0.3957 0.3857 0.3721 0.3673 0.3636 0.3562 0.3500 0.3448 0.3404 0.3366 0.3333 0.3304 0.3279 0.3230 0.3211 0.3170 0.3133 0.3099 0.3067 0.3019 0.2993 0.2951 0.2929 0.2892 0.2857 0.2841 461.54 461.54 421.05 431.37 437.50 421.05 407.08 400.00 395.72 385.65 372.09 367.35 363.64 356.16 350.00 344.83 340.43 336.63 333.33 330.43 327.87 322.98 321.06 316.97 313.25 309.86 306.75 301.89 299.32 295.08 292.94 289.21 285.71 284.08 Fluks rata-rata 0.3525 352.48 5. Membran PS-Sengon 6%80
Lampiran 6 Derajat pengikatan air membran
Ulangan W Kering (gr) W Basah (gr) Wb - Wk (gr) W = (Wb - Wk)/Wk (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0090 0.0093 0.0084 0.0087 0.0097 0.0090 0.0166 0.0148 0.0135 0.0149 0.0148 0.0158 0.0076 0.0055 0.0051 0.0062 0.0051 0.0068 84.4444 59.1398 60.7143 71.2644 52.5773 75.5556 Rata-rata 67.2826
Ulangan W Kering (gr) W Basah (gr) Wb - Wk (gr) W = (Wb - Wk)/Wk (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0111 0.0135 0.0113 0.0123 0.0104 0.0113 0.0197 0.0220 0.0197 0.0196 0.0167 0.0186 0.0086 0.0085 0.0084 0.0073 0.0063 0.0073 77.4775 62.9630 74.3363 59.3496 60.5769 64.6018 Rata-rata 66.5508
Ulangan W Kering (gr) W Basah (gr) Wb - Wk (gr) W = (Wb - Wk)/Wk (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0161 0.0154 0.0130 0.0150 0.0114 0.0196 0.0271 0.0281 0.0214 0.0253 0.0171 0.0298 0.0110 0.0127 0.0084 0.0103 0.0057 0.0102 68.3230 82.4675 64.6154 68.6667 50.0000 52.0408 Rata-rata 64.3522 1. Membran Polisulfon Murni
2. Membran PS-TKP 2%
Lampiran 6 Derajat pengikatan air membran (Lanjutan)
Ulangan W Kering (gr) W Basah (gr) Wb - Wk (gr) W = (Wb - Wk)/Wk (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0125 0.0121 0.0096 0.0099 0.0109 0.0116 0.0201 0.0188 0.0138 0.0147 0.0177 0.0165 0.0076 0.0067 0.0042 0.0048 0.0068 0.0049 60.8000 55.3719 43.7500 48.4848 62.3853 42.2414 Rata-rata 52.1722
Ulangan W Kering (gr) W Basah (gr) Wb - Wk (gr) W = (Wb - Wk)/Wk (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0120 0.0118 0.0108 0.0106 0.0109 0.0119 0.0189 0.0194 0.0180 0.0178 0.0172 0.0170 0.0069 0.0076 0.0072 0.0072 0.0063 0.0051 57.5000 64.4068 66.6667 67.9245 57.7982 42.8571 Rata-rata 59.5255 5. Membran PS-Sengon 6% 4. Membran PS-Sengon 2%
82
Lampiran 7 Data Pengukuran Kuat Tekan dan Tarik Membran
1.
Kuat Tekan
Membran Gaya Tekan Maksimum (N)
U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 Rata-rata PS Murni 3.70 2.70 2.60 1.40 2.72 1.40 1.38 1.85 2.2188 PS-TKP 2% 2.53 3.49 2.96 2.69 2.46 1.81 1.59 1.86 2.4238 PS-TKP 6% 1.46 1.30 1.67 2.50 1.35 1.33 2.01 - 1.6600 PS-Sengon 2% 0.93 1.54 1.93 2.69 2.33 1.38 1.82 1.46 1.7600 PS-Sengon 6% 1.96 2.62 2.20 1.80 2.36 1.69 2.00 1.84 2.0588
2.
Kuat Tarik
Membran Gaya Tarik Maksimum (N)
U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 Rata-rata PS Murni -3.24 -3.11 -2.7 -2.36 - -2.8525 PS-TKP 2% -4.36 -4.46 -3.26 -2.61 - -3.6725 PS-TKP 6% -3.25 -3.63 -2.14 -2.21 -2.71 -2.7880 PS-Sengon 2% -2.61 -2.29 -2.53 -2.44 -2.90 -2.5540 PS-Sengon 6% -2.59 -2.41 -2.32 -1.98 -2.24 -2.3080
Lampiran 8
Kurva hubungan konduktansi membran terhadap suhu
1. Membran Polisulfon Murni
Ulangan 1
Ulangan 2
y = ‐2734.x + 3.169 R² = 0.983 ‐6.00 ‐5.85 ‐5.70 ‐5.55 ‐5.40 ‐5.25 ‐5.10 ‐4.952.90E‐03 3.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐2142.x + 1.715 R² = 0.999 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90 ‐4.80
3.05E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.15E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.25E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.35E‐03
Ln G (S)
1/T (K‐1)
Ln G (S)
84
2. Membran PS TKP 2%
Ulangan 1
Ulangan 2
Ulangan 3
y = ‐1865x + 0.985 R² = 0.992 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90 ‐4.80 ‐4.703.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐1619.x + 0.150 R² = 0.992 ‐5.3 ‐5.2 ‐5.1 ‐5.0 ‐4.9 ‐4.8
3.05E‐03 3.15E‐03 3.25E‐03 3.35E‐03
y = ‐2007.x + 1.557 R² = 0.998 ‐5.1 ‐5.0 ‐4.9 ‐4.8 ‐4.7 ‐4.6 ‐4.5
3.05E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.15E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.25E‐03 3.30E‐03
Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1)
3. Membran PS TKP 6%
Ulangan 1
Ulangan 2
Ulangan 3
y = ‐2499.x + 2.643 R² = 0.998 ‐5.70 ‐5.55 ‐5.40 ‐5.25 ‐5.10 ‐4.953.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐2119.x + 1.636 R² = 0.999 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90 ‐4.80
3.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐2089.x + 1.657 R² = 0.997 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90 ‐4.80 ‐4.70
3.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1)
86
4. Membran PS Sengon 2%
Ulangan 1
Ulangan 2
Ulangan 3
y = ‐2509.x + 2.759 R² = 0.989 ‐5.70 ‐5.55 ‐5.40 ‐5.25 ‐5.10 ‐4.953.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐2529.x + 2.895 R² = 0.996 ‐5.50 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90
3.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐2083.x + 1.443 R² = 0.994 ‐5.50 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90
3.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1)
5. Membran PS Sengon 6%
Ulangan 1
Ulangan 2
Ulangan 3
y = ‐2364.x + 2.360 R² = 0.997 ‐5.50 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.903.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03 3.40E‐03
y = ‐2358.x + 2.344 R² = 0.988 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90
3.05E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.15E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.25E‐03
y = ‐2223.x + 1.907 R² = 0.998 ‐5.50 ‐5.40 ‐5.30 ‐5.20 ‐5.10 ‐5.00 ‐4.90
3.00E‐03 3.10E‐03 3.20E‐03 3.30E‐03
Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1) Ln G (S) 1/T (K‐1)
88
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD
1. Tempurung Kelapa
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD (lanjutan)
3. Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa + KOH 10% dan Steam 80 menit (AAT KOH-80)
90
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD (lanjutan)
5. Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Steam 80 menit (AAT-80)
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD (lanjutan)
7. Kayu Sengon
92
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD (lanjutan)
9. Arang Aktif Sengon + KOH 10% dan steam 80 menit (AAS KOH-80)
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD (lanjutan)
11. Arang Aktif Sengon steam 80 menit (AAS-80)
94
Lampiran 9 Difraktogram XRD (lanjutan)
13. Mebran Polisulfon Murni (PS Murni)
