Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Dan Potensinya Sebagai Agens Biokontrol Untuk Mengendalikan Ganoderma spp.

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iii ABSTRAK

RENDI KURNIAWAN. 2016: Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Kelapa Sawit dan Potensinya Sebagai Agens Biokontrol Untuk Mengendalikan Ganoderma spp. dibimbing oleh Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem dan Lisnawita.

Penggunaan mikroorganisme antagonis merupakan salah satu alternatif pencegahan penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma spp. pada perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan cendawan endofit asal tanaman kelapa sawit yang berpotensi sebagai agens biokontrol untuk mengendalikan Ganoderma pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian USU pada Juni 2015 sampai Januari 2016 menggunakanRancanganAcak Kelompoknon faktorial dengan enam perlakuan yaitu Aspergillus sp1 + Ganoderma, Aspergillus sp2 + Ganoderma, Rhopalomyces sp + Ganoderma, Cunninghamella sp + Ganoderma, Gongronella sp1 + Ganoderma, Gongronella sp2 + Ganoderma dan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati pertambahan tinggi tanaman, lilit batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, periode inkubasi, kejadian penyakit, indeks keparahan penyakit dan histopatologi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cendawan endofit Aspergillus sp1 dan Rhopalomyces sp berpotensi sebagai agens biokontrol dalam menekan perkembangan Ganoderma pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Hasil terbaik didapat dengan waktu periode inkubasi terpanjang yaitu 28 mst dengan tingkat kejadian penyakit sebesar 30% dan juga mampu membantu pertumbuhan tinggi, jumlah daun dan luas daun tanaman.

Kata kunci : Agens biokontrol, Ganoderma, dan kelapa sawit.

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ABSTRACT

RENDI KURNIAWAN. 2016: Original Endophytic Fungus Oil Palm Plant and Its Potentity as Biocontrol Agents to Control Ganoderma spp. supervised by Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem and Lisnawita.

The use of antagonistic microorganisms is one alternative base stem rot disease prevention caused by Ganoderma spp. in oil palm plantations. This purpose of this study was original endophtytic fungal on palm trees as a potential biocontrol agents for control of Ganoderma in oil palm nursery. Research conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture USU Greenhouse in june 2015 to January 2016 using randomized block design non faktorial with six treatments, Aspergillus sp1 + Ganoderma, Aspergillus sp2 + Ganoderma, Rhophalomyces sp + Ganoderma, Cunninghamella sp + Ganoderma, Gongronella sp1 + Ganoderma, Gongronella sp2 + Ganoderma and three replications. The date were analyzed by using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The parameters observed accretion plant heigh, girth, number of leaves, leaf area, the incubation period, the incidence of disease, disease severity index and histopathology.

The results showed that endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp1 and Rhopalomyces sp. are potential as biocontrol agents in suppressing the development of Ganoderma in oil palm nursery. The best result were obtained by the farthest incubation period of time which 28 weeks after incubation with an incidence rate of the disease was 30% and it was also able to helped high growth, number of leaves and leaf area of plants.

Keywords: Biocontrol agents, Ganoderma, and Oil palm.