00074918.2014.980387

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Download by: [Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji] Date: 17 January 2016, At: 23:34

Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies

ISSN: 0007-4918 (Print) 1472-7234 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbie20

Women Interrupted: Determinants of Women's

Employment Exit and Return in Indonesia

Diahhadi Setyonaluri

To cite this article: Diahhadi Setyonaluri (2014) Women Interrupted: Determinants of Women's Employment Exit and Return in Indonesia, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 50:3, 485-486, DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2014.980387

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2014.980387

Published online: 03 Dec 2014.

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Abstracts of Doctoral Theses on the Indonesian Economy 485

The extent to which individuals within each group support violence is largely dictated by the expected beneits that violence affords visàvis nonviolent action. Groups see violence as beneicial where it proves to be a successful way to capture a greater share of power or resources. Where a signal is sent that violence ‘pays’ and where the costs of using violence are low—where the use of violence does not lead to death, injury, or arrest—incentives to use it are strengthened. Where there are few peaceful channels for accumulation, groups have heightened motivations to use violence as part of the political and economic game. Conversely, where the use of violence is not expected to be beneicial, is costly, or where peaceful means for getting ahead exist, violence is less likely to be used.

Different combinations of support for, or resistance to, violence from each group determine the forms of postconlict violence. Smallerscale episodes occur where local violence specialists see beneits in using violence. Escalation to larger epi

-sodic violence, such as riots or group clashes, requires the support of local elites. Without such support, postconlict areas will be peaceful or see only smaller scale episodic violence. Escalation to extended violent conlict occurs only where elements of the central state elite support or allow such escalation. In the absence of this, violence remains episodic.

Women Interrupted: Determinants of Women’s Employment Exit and Return in Indonesia Diahhadi Setyonaluri ([email protected]) Accepted 2013, The Australian National University

In OECD countries, marriage and childbearing have consistently been shown to affect women’s employment continuity. Women in these countries generally with

-draw from the workforce at marriage or at the onset of motherhood. In Indonesia, however, the characteristics and effects of such interruptions to women’s work

-ing patterns remain unclear. Exist-ing studies fail to explore the dynamic nature of employment behaviour—particularly employment interruption, which is a strong feature of women’s labourmarket behaviour.

This thesis examines the factors that contribute to interruptions in women’s employment in Indonesia. It adopts a discretetime event history analysis to explore the determinants of women’s transition out of and back into employ

-ment. It pays speciic attention to the effects of the family life cycle on women’s decisions to leave and return to employment. Using longitudinal data from 1996 to 2007, from the 2000 and 2007 rounds of the Indonesia Family Life Survey, this thesis seeks to answer four questions: (a) To what extent and when do women experience work interruption? (b) To what extent do marriage and childbearing inluence women’s decisions to leave employment? (c) To what extent does being in the later stages of childrearing cause women to return to employment? (d) How do education and employment characteristics affect women’s decisions to leave and return to work?

The results of the analyses conducted in this study show that work interruption is common among women in Indonesia. Marriage and the onset of motherhood

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486 Abstracts of Doctoral Theses on the Indonesian Economy

have been found to have a positive association with the risk of leaving employ

-ment. In particular, the effect of entering marriage on employment exit is stronger for women working in lowlevel occupations and for women with junior and sen

-ior secondary levels of education. This study also inds that having a tertiary level of education and working in the public sector reduces the likelihood of experienc

-ing an employment interruption.

Meanwhile, the later stages of childrearing, measured by the age of the young

-est child, were found to have no signiicant effect on women’s decisions to return to employment. However, the presence of children does have a strong effect on the likelihood of returning to work in the informal sector rather than in the formal sector. The likelihood of reentering employment after a work interruption is also positively associated with the number of young children, indicating that women return to work more quickly when the economic burden in the family increases. This study also inds that formal workers tend to be employed in the same sector when they return to work.