M01171

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ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING REFLECTION IN AN ECONOMIC

AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN LIFE ORGANIC FARMERS

Maria

ABSTRACT

Now people are starting to realize a healthier life and a return to nature. Conditions of organic

farming is now said to be developed because of the higher price of organic commodities, so

income can be increased and ultimately improve socioeconomic before and after being an

organic farmer. As producers, farmers also changing mindset (fixed mindset to a growth

mindset). The method used is quantitative, causal comparative research types. Population

following the farmer group members Tranggulasi Ngisor Selo village, Batur village, Getasan

District, Central Java and the sample collection technique using purposive sampling, a sample of

20 people, using analytical methods Paired Samples T-test. The results indicate there are

differences in social and economic life before and after being an organic farmer. From the social

aspect, including welfare, social interaction and increased management capability to a better

direction, with the largest increase in social interaction. While the economic aspect which

includes investment and income are increase, but the cost has decreased to a better direction, a

drastic change in the variable is income. So that social interaction and revenues must be

maintained to further improve the socio-economic life of an organic farmer.

PRELIMINARY

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which would clearly know the reality of how the lives of farmers who used conventional and

organic farmers are now turning into.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Time and Place of Research

The study was conducted in the village Selo Ngisor , Batur village , Getasan district , Semarang

regency , Central Java . Location research intentionally ( purposive ) based on the consideration

that the system of organic farming in the village Selo Ngisor been progressing quite well . The

study was conducted on December 3, 2012 until February 10, 2013.

Types of Research

This type of research is quantitative research that is comparative correlation ( correlation

comparative) ( Silalahi , 2009) . Quantitative research is a research procedure to test a particular

theory by examining variables related to the theory ( Sugiyono , 2011) . While comparative

correlational , which is used to compare different variables in relation to the same variable for

the same sample ( Silalahi , 2010 ) .

Sampling Techniques

The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling , the sampling technique that is based

on certain criteria or considerations are deemed to have nothing to do with the criteria previously

known populations ( Sugiyono , 2011) . Samples are taken of 20 farmers .

Data Collection Techniques

Data collection techniques in this study is to use primary data obtained from interviews using

questionnaires and observation ( Sevilla et.al , 1993) .

Hypothesis

Hypothesis is not final conclusion , that must be verified ( Nawawi , 1998) . The hypothesis in

this study are :

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Ha : there are differences in social and economic life before and after being an organic farmer .

Data analysis

Primary data obtained from interviews using questionnaires in the field , for the welfare variables

in measuring the indicators BPS . As for the social interaction variables , management ability ,

earnings , expenses and investment processed using SPSS 16.0 and statistically tested . Data

analysis using Paired Samples T -test is aimed to test the hypothesis of this study , the social and

economic life to know the difference before and after organic farming . Formula T -test for two

paired samples ( Paired Samples T -test ) ( Sugiyono , 2011).

Results and Discussion

Overview of Research Sites

Selo Ngisor hamlet , village of Batur , Getasan district located about 15 km from Salatiga , under

the foot of the mountain Merbabu ( Anonymous , 2010) . This area has the shape of land with a

low slope . Each year , the land area used for upland agricultural land planted with food crops

and vegetables ( Setyorini et al , 2010) .

Characteristics of Organic Farmers Ngisor Selo , Batur , Kopeng

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According to Cope and Watts (2000 ) emphasized the importance of mentoring ( mentoring ) to

interpret critical events encountered as learning , so the learning outcomes to be effective .

Differences Social Life Before and After Being Organic Farmers in the village of Selo Ngisor ,

Batur , Kopeng

welfare

Before becoming an organic farmer income respondents ranged from Rp 450,000 - Rp 750,000

per month , while after becoming an organic farmer income earned between Rp 1,200,000 - Rp

1,800,000 per month .

Table 1 . Distribution of Respondents by Income

Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage

Very low ( < Rp 900,000 ) 15 75 % -

Low ( Rp 950,000 - Rp 1.500.000 ) 5 25 % 4 20 %

Medium ( Rp 1,550,000 - Rp 2,000,000 ) - 16 80 %

High ( > Rp 2,000,000 ) ----

Number 20 100 % 20 100 %

Sources : Primary Data , 2013

Can be seen from the table above that all respondents increased revenues and there is a

difference after becoming an organic farmer . Increase the income of the respondents were able

to further the welfare of the family , like to meet daily needs , nutrition , buy TVs , cars, cows ,

land . This is in accordance with the Iskandar (2006 ) which states that families with higher

incomes have greater opportunities to prosper than families with low incomes .

The average expenditure incurred before becoming an organic farmer between Rp 500,000 - Rp

1,700,000 per month , while after being organic farmers around Rp 1,000,000 - Rp 1,800,000 per

month to meet their daily needs . So the distribution can be seen in Table 2 .

Table 2 . Distribution of Respondents by Household Expenditure Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage Very low ( < Rp 900,000 ) 5 25 % -

Low ( Rp 950,000 - Rp 1,500,000 ) 12 60 % 14 70 % Medium ( Rp 1,550,000 - Rp 2,000,000 ) 3 15 % 6 30 % High ( > Rp 2,000,000 ) ----

Number 20 100 % 20 100 % Sources : Primary Data , 2013

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allocate their money to buy livestock , houses , land , send their children and others. Overview of the state of residence under study can be seen in Table 3 .

Table 3 . Distribution of Respondents by State of Residence Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage Non permanent ----

Semi Permanent 12 60 % 4 20 % Permanent 8 40 % 16 80 % Number 20 100 % 20 100 % Sources : Primary Data , 2013

The state of residence of respondents were classified as permanent , before becoming an organic farmer as much as 8 people , but after being organic farmers increased to 16 people , so an increase of 50 % . Their house is walled walls , tile roofs types , and type of cement or tile floors . But there are some families that still maintain the state of semi- permanent residence , even though the revenue obtained is increased . This is because they prefer to build more houses , buy land and hewab livestock , such as cattle .

Table 4 . Distribution of Respondents by facility Dwelling Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage Very less ----

Complete 10 % less 2 1 5 %

Complete enough 18 90 % 16 80 % Complete - 3 15 %

From the above data it can be seen that there are residential facilities before and after being organic farmers there is a difference . The other difference between an organic farmer before becoming a residential facility was quite complete . But after becoming an organic farmer , they can complete the necessary facilities such as buying electronic goods , have private vehicles is more than one such bike , and it has its own WC . But still there are families that are still lacking in fulfillment facility where he lives , because just staying at home alone with his wife alone and prefer to buy cattle from the electronics and others.

Table 5 . Distribution of Respondents by Family Member Health Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage Very less ----

Less than 15 % 3 - Enough 17 85 % 16 80 % Good - 4 20 %

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Based on the table above the health of family members of respondents had better change , because the respondents said the health differences before and after consuming organic vegetables organic

vegetables consumed . According to the respondents before switching to organic frequent headaches ( migraine ) , flu , skin irritations , sore - sore . It is appropriate that organic agriculture produces enough food safe and nutritious food to improve public health ( Jayadinata , 1992 ) .

Table 6 . Distribution of Respondents Based on Ease of Getting Health Care Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage difficult ----

Enough 2 10 % 1 5 % Easy 18 90 % 15 75 % It's easy - 4 20 %

Seen from the table above before becoming an organic farmer is quite difficult to obtain health care . But after being organic farmers , they find it very easy to get health care . This is because they now have a special budget for health care costs , along with increased earned income .

Table 7.Distribusi Ease of Respondents by Education Level for Children Entering Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage difficult ----

Enough 2 10 % - Easy 18 90 % 13 65 % It's easy - 7 35 %

From the table above are the different levels of ease of getting children into school before and after being an organic farmer . At the time of a conventional farmers fairly easy to put the child to education , because of the high cost of education while earned income is just enough to meet their daily needs . But when they become organic farmers do not have trouble again for getting children into education

because of increased earned income . Also supported by the free education program or a free school for elementary , junior high making it easier for farmers to send their children .

Table 8.Distribusi Respondents Based on Ease of Getting Transportation Facilities Organic Conventional category

Number ( of people ) Percentage of number ( of people ) Percentage difficult ----

Enough 4 20 % - Easy 16 80 % 8 40 % It's easy - 12 60 %

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as an organic farmer are very easy with a percentage of 60 % . Whereas before becoming an organic farmer , respondents felt quite difficult . This is due to the respondents do not have a personal vehicle . So as to market their crops , they have to rent a car or middlemen who come to the house , and even had to carry crops to market or markets Getasan nearby on foot . While organic farmers now own a personal vehicle . Seen in the table above that the respondents answered very easily get transport facilities .

Table 9 . Distribution of Respondents by Fulfillment Nutrition Organic Conventional category

Number ( org ) Percentage Amount ( org ) Percentage Unmet ----

Sometimes 2 10 % - Fulfilled 16 80 % 2 10 % Highly Fulfilled 2 10 % 18 90 % Number 20 100 % 20 100 % Sources : Primary Data , 2013

Seen that the majority of respondents felt that the quality of the food they consume daily are required to meet nutritional needs . But after being an organic farmer purchasing power of the food better be improved , this is evidenced by a shift in the number of respondents from the two people who claimed the family 's nutritional needs are met , to 18 people so that an increase of 80 % . Thus organic farming is a positive impact on the fulfillment of family nutrition . For example , the purchasing power of food such as meat and fish increased . This illustrates that the higher the level of nutrition in the household , so it becomes increasingly prosperous indicator of farmer households ( Sudana , 2007) .

Social interaction

Organic farming have a positive impact on social interaction , there are differences in social interaction before and after being an organic farmer .

Table 10 . Paired Samples Test Results Social Interaction The average number of Significance T - count

Before 2.650 20 0.000 -21.026 3.665 after 20

From the above data it can be concluded that there are differences in social interaction before becoming an organic farmer and after being an organic farmer . The difference is significant with t =

-. , a sig ifi a t le el α of % a d df degrees of freedo , a e o tai ed t ≥ t ta le . ≥ . . So the so ial i tera tio of orga i far ers etter tha efore e o i g a orga i

farmer . With the extension , it does not directly increase the social interaction between the farmers and civil society ( IPB , 2002) . The test results showed a significance of 0.000 , based on the probability value ( sig < 0,05 ) . This means that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted kesimpulkan and there is a difference between social interaction before and after being an organic farmer . Results of this study are also supported by Rospina ( 2009 ) which states quite active organic farmer in civic organizations, among others : the farmer groups , organizations that exist in the village .

Management Capabilities

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management capabilities .

Table 11 . Paired Samples Test Results Management Capabilities The average number of Significance T - count

Before 2.650 20 0.000 -11.487 3,430 after 20

From the table above shows if management skills before and after being organic farmers has increased . The difference with t = - . , sig ifi a t le el α of % a d df degrees of freedo , a e

o tai ed t ≥ t ta le . ≥ . . So that orga i far ers a age e t capabilities more advanced than before becoming an organic farmer . The test results showed that the significance of 0.000 with a probability based on the value ( sig < 0,05 ) . This means that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted therefore concluded that there are differences in management skills before and after being an organic farmer . This is supported by studies Khotidjah ( 2012) that with organic farming , farmers can improve management capabilities .

income

Income is an important factor in improving the welfare of the family . Organic farmers' income is higher than before becoming an organic farmer .

Table 12 . Paired Samples Test Results Revenue The average number of Significance T - count Before 2.910 20 0.000 -14.658

3,750 after 20

There appears to be an increase in revenue when it became an organic farmer . The difference is significant with t = - . , a sig ifi a t le el α of % a d df degrees of freedo , a e

o tai ed t ≥ t ta le . ≥ . . The test results sho ed that the significance of 0.000 with a probability based on the value ( sig < 0,05 ) . This means that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted the conclusion that the population is no statistically significant difference between the income earned before and after being an organic farmer . This is in accordance with Rahmat (2008 ) which states that organic farming increases the income of farmers through increased yields per unit area .

cost

Lower the cost of organic farming compared to conventional farming costs . Munawar (2003 ) states that organic farming is an agricultural system that shy away from such a high input .

Table 13 . Paired Samples Test Result Cost The average number of Significance T - count Before 2.070 20 0.000 -15.785

2,030 after 20

Seen from the table above the cost reduction . The difference is significant with t = -15.785 , a significant

le el α of % a d df degrees of freedo , a e o tai ed t ≥ t ta le . ≥ . . The test

results showed that the significance of 0.000 with a probability based on the value ( sig < 0,05 ) . This means that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted the conclusion that there are differences in costs incurred for the cultivation of vegetables before and after being an organic farmer . This is supported by Jayadinata (1992 ) which states organic farming production costs low because it does not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides .

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Table 14 . Paired Samples Test results Investments The average number of Significance T - count Before 2.626 20 0.000 -15.632

3.389 after 20

Seen in the table above there is an increase in investments held before becoming organic farmers and organic farmers after being . The difference is significant with t = - . , sig ifi a tly α of % a d df ( degrees of freedom ) 19 , a e o tai ed t ≥ t ta le . ≥ . . The test results sho ed that the significance of 0.000 with a probability based on the value ( sig < 0,05 ) . This means that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted the conclusion that there are differences in investments held before and after being an organic farmer . Besides families who have investments , better off than families who do not have the investment . This research was supported by the results of studies Bryant ( 1990 ) that families have more investment tends to be more prosperous than the families who have limited investment .

conclusion

1. The existence of entrepreneurial learning process that can alter or increase the selling farmer

(inorganic to organic farming).

2. There are differences in social and economic life before and after being an organic farmer.

Seen from the increase in income, nutrition in the family, home repair, to buy livestock, motor

vehicles. In addition it is the intensity of meetings with farmer groups more frequently, ie every

month.

3. From the social aspect, there are differences in welfare, social interaction and management

capabilities. So from the social aspect after becoming an organic farmer are better than before

becoming an organic farmer. The largest increase of the social aspect is the social interaction.

4. From the economic aspect, there is an increase in investment income and an increase in the

mean after becoming an organic farmer is much better than before becoming an organic farmer.

But for the variable costs decreased, which means better because the cost is lower than before

becoming organic farmers. The largest increase was revenue from the economic aspect.

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Iskandar. 2006. Factors Affecting Family Welfare. Bogor: IPB

Jayadinata. , 1992. Efforts Rice Production Agriculture. Jakarta: Media Presindo

Khotidjah, Siti. 2012. Analysis of Managerial Capabilities Integrated Organic Farmers Paliyan In

the District, Gunung Kidul. Yogyakarta: UMY

Munawar, M. , 2003. Potential, Opportunities and Challenges of Development of Organic

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