AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES IN “THE MAGIC”AND ITS INDONESIAN TRANSLATION.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES

IN “THE MAGIC” AND ITS

INDONESIAN TRANSLATION

(A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH)

A Research Paper

Submitted to the English Education Department of the Faculty of Languages and Arts Education of the Indonesia University of Education as Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for SarjanaSastra Degree

By: DEWI RIANI

0809086

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

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AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES IN “THE MAGIC” AND ITS

INDONESIAN TRANSLATION

(A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH)

Oleh Dewi Riani

Sebuah skripsi yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Fakultas Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Maret 2014

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

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PAGE OF APPROVAL

AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES IN “THE MAGIC” AND ITS

INDONESIAN TRANSLATION

(A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH)

A Research Paper By:

DewiRiani (0809086)

Approved by: First Supervisor

Prof. Emi Emilia, M.Ed., Ph.D. NIP. 196609161990012001

Second Supervisor

Budi Hermawan, S.Pd., M. PC NIP. 1978092220101220001

Head of Department of English Education Faculty of Language and Arts Education

Indonesia University of Education

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Dewi Riani, 2014

An Analysis of Themes in “The Magic”and Its Indonesian Translation

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

ABSTRACT

First Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Emi Emilia, M.Ed. Second Supervisor: Budi Hermawan, S.Pd., M. PC

The present study entitled An Analysis of Themes in “The Magic”and Its Indonesian Translation (A Systemic Functional Grammar Approach) aims to find

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ABSTRAK

Studi ini, yang berjudul An Analysis of Themes in “The Magic”and Its Indonesian Translation (A Systemic Functional Grammar Approach) bertujuan

untuk mengidentifikasi jenis Theme dan Thematic Progression pada teks asli dan teks terjemahan versi Indonesia serta realisasi Theme dalam versi terjemahan Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis teks. Studi ini mengadaptasi teori Halliday (1994) tentang Systemic Functional Grammar sebagai sebuah alat untuk menganalisi Theme yang digunakan dalam

teks dan juga teori Eggins (2004) tentang Thematic progression. Studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam teks target dan teks sumber ditemukan tiga jenis Theme, yaitu Topical Theme, Textual Theme and Interpersonal Theme. Selain itu

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An Analysis of Themes in “The Magic”and Its Indonesian Translation

Misunderstanding can happen when people communicate with each other especially when they are using different languages, both when they communicate orally and communicate through written media, such as books, documents, letters, etc. As one of the ways to reduce misunderstanding in communication especially in written media, people often translate the texts from one language to another language. Translation can be understood as a process of turning a text from source language into a target text in different languages (Munday, 2004). In relation to this, Newmark (1988, p.7) defines translation as a craft that is replacing a written message in one language by same message into another language. For Hatim (2001, p.10), translating is “a multi-faceted activity, and there is room for a variety of perspectives.”

Leaning on Hatim’s ideas, we can see that translation involves other disciplinary, such as psychology, linguistics, literary studies, sociocultural studies, philosophy, etc. In the context of analyzing translation result, linguistics, especially Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) can serve as a good tool. Taylor (1987 cited in Manfredi, 2008) said that SFG helps divide the flow of discourse into lexicogrammar units, which is more translatable. Through this, translators can identify kinds of meaning in the text and translate the text more accurately.

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theme is an element of the texts which was analyzed. Some themes are found to be transformed in the target texts. This becomes evidence of translator who give its own idea to the text. Another study was conducted by Sjalilifar and Khedri (2011) who investigates thematic progression in English texts and Perisan translation texts. In their study, Halliday’s theory of Systemic Functional Grammar and Mc’Cabe’s thematic progression were used. In their study, there is significant differences that are found in the translated version. Another study was conducted by Aghagolzadeh and Farazandeh-pour in 2012. The study investigated errors in translation of legal documents from English to Persian. The translated texts were analyzed at sentence level based on Systemic Functional Grammar theory. The result shows that SFG can be used as an appropriate tool in making translation texts more appropriate and accurate. Their study also shows us that SFG can be a useful tool in evaluating students’ translation abilities objectively. There have been a number of studies using Theme system theory, but studies of Theme system in translation text are rare, especially in research site.

This present study investigates themes in translated books, entitled, The Magic written by Rhonda Bryne (2012). The study uses theme theory of Systemic Functional Grammar to compare the theme of the original version and the translated version.

1. 2. Research Question

The research is geared toward answering the following research questions: 1. What kinds of themes are found in the original version and Indonesian translated version of The Magic?

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1. 3. Aims of Study

Based on the research questions, the aims of study are to find out kinds of theme in the original version and the translated version of The Magic and to find out how the themes in the original version are realized in the translated version.

1. 4. Scope of the Study

This study is limited to investigate kinds of theme in the original version and the translated version of The Magic. This study also investigates the realization of theme in the translated version.

1. 5. Significance of the study

From the theoretical perspective, this study is expected to enrich the literature about Systemic Functional Grammar and translation studies. From the practical perspective, this study is expected to become sources and references for further study on the use of SFG to analyze translation work, especially in term of the Theme system.

1. 6. Clarification of terms

The following is the clarification of the terms used:

1. Translation: Translation is a process of turning a text, which use source language, into a target text in different languages (Munday, 2004) 2. Source language: Original language of a text

3. Target language: language that become result of the translation

4. Theme: Theme is the main topic or point of departure of utterance (Halliday, 1994)

5. Topical theme: theme in the form of participant, circumstance or process (Halliday, 1994)

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7. Interpersonal theme: theme in the form of modal, vocative, or finite verbal operator (Halliday, 1994)

8. Rheme: Rheme is the rest of the message and always comes after the theme (Halliday, 1994)

1. 7. Organization of the Paper

The paper will be organized as follows: CHAPTER I

This chapter contains background of the study, research questions, aims of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, clarification of the terms, and organization of the paper.

CHAPTER II

It consists of theoretical review that provides a basis for conducting the research problems.

CHAPTER III

This chapter contains the research methodology, discussing the steps and procedures of the study, and the data resources in conducting the study.

CHAPTER IV

In this chapter, the result of the research will be presented. This chapter contains the research findings and discussion.

CHAPTER V

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology used in conducting this study. It covers the research problem, research design, research procedures, and sample of analysis.

3.1 . Research Problem

The purposes of this study are to find out kinds of Theme used in The Magic, a book by Rhonda Bryne (2012) both in original version and in Indonesian translated version, the realization of themes translation from original version to the translated version. In specific, the present study is geared towards finding answers the following questions:

1. What kinds of themes are found in the original version and Indonesian translated version of The Magic?

2. How do the themes in the original version of The Magic are realized in the translated version?

3.2. Research Design

This present study employs a descriptive qualitative method as research method, especially text analysis. This method is used because it is relevant to the purposes of this study. The descriptive qualitative method is used as the research design in this study because this study is “in form of words and not numbers” (Nkwi, 2001; Creswell, 2003). This method is also relevant to this study because this study

“explores, describes, and analyzed the data” (Arikunto, 1996; Maxwell, 1996) in a

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3.3. Research Procedures

The data in this study are in the form of clauses which are selected from The Magic and its Indonesian translated version. The Magic is written by Rhonda Bryne

and published by Atria Books in 2012. This book was translated into Indonesian by Susi Purwoko and published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama in 2012. The original version contains 254 pages while the translated version has 280 pages.

Here are some steps in analyzing the theme in the texts:

Step 1. Reading the whole texts in order to see the themes in the whole text. Step 2. Comparing the themes of the target text and the source text in order to see how the themes are realized in the target text.

Step 3. Taking some parts of the text to be analyzed. In this step, the parts of the texts taken are the third part and the fourth part. The title is Bring the Magic into Your Life and Magical Book. These parts are translated as Mendatangkan Keajaiban

ke Dalam Hidup Anda dan Buku Ajaib.These parts have been selected because the

themes changed in those parts are more than the other parts.

Step 4. Breaking down the sample texts into clauses. In the sample text, the sentences were in form of simple sentences and complex sentences. In order to categorize the Theme, based on systemic functional grammar approach, the sentences were broken down into clauses.

Step 5. Categorizing the Theme of the clause into their Theme types; topical Theme, interpersonal Theme and textual Theme. In this step, the Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (1994) had been used as the framework of analysis.

Step 6. Comparing theme category of the original version of The Magic to the sample taken from the Indonesian translated version of The Magic.

Step 7. Categorizing the thematic progression. The thematic progression were divided into 3 patterns: Theme reiteration, zig-zag Theme, multiple Rheme pattern (Eggins, 2004)

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3.4. Sample of Analysis

Example 1.

Here are the illustrations of Topical Theme found in the source text:

The illustrations above are the Topical Theme in declarative and imperative clause. The Topical Theme of clause 2a and 5b are taken from declarative clauses that have single Theme in the clauses. The Topical Theme of clause 89a is taken from imperative clause. The Topical Theme from clause 2b, word “I” represents Topical Theme in the form of a nominal group. The Topical Theme in clause 5b, phrase “Those in total

poverty” is a nominal group complex. Both of the word and phrase functioned as a

participant and a subject in the clause which are placed in the beginning of the clauses. Meanwhile, the Topical Theme of clause 89a, phrase “Sit down” is the first transitivity element that functions as a process. This is in line with Halliday (1994) who identifies Topical Theme as the first transitivity element in the clause. The element can be in form of a nominal group, nominal group complexes, adverbial groups and prepositional phrases or embedded clause.

Example 2. Practicing gratitude in a concentrated effort over consecutive days

Latihan ini dirancang untuk diselesailan dalam 28 hari berturut-turut. Ini memungkinkan Anda menjadikan syukur sebagai kebiasaan dan cara hidup yang baru. Mempraktikkan syukur dengan 2a I have received letters from thousand

5b Those in total poverty Becomes prosperous 89a Sit down With a computer and paper

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guarantees that you will see the magic take place in your life - and fast!

konsentrasi penuh selama 28 hari berturut-turut akan memastikan Anda melihat keajaiban di dalam hidup Anda

- dengan cepat!

The texts above are taken from the second paragraph. The italic clauses are the clause that is the focus in this explanation. The underlined words are the Theme of the clause. The Theme in the source text is “that you”. Those words consist of Textual Theme and Topical Theme. The word “that” is a conjunction which is considered as a Textual Theme. The word “you” is a nominal group and analyzed as Topical Theme. In contrary, the Theme of the target text is “Anda” which is identified as Topical Theme. In this case, the word “bahwa” which is supposed to be the translation of the Textual Theme “that” is ellipted. This ellipsis does not cause the change of meaning, but makes the target text more natural. As had been mentioned in the previous chapter, not only accuracy but also naturalness are needed to make a good translation (Newmark, 1998). So, in this pattern the translated themes can be considered as a good translation product.

Example 3.

Here is the example of zig-zag pattern found in the text analysis. English version:

You will be captivated while you read this life changing knowledge, but without practicing what you learn, the knowledge will slip through your fingers, and the opportunity that you attracted to easily change your life will be gone. To ensure this doesn’t happen to you, you need to practice gratitude over 28 days, so that you impregnate your cells and your subconcious mind with it. Only then, will it change your life – permanently.

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Anda akan takjub membaca pengetahuan yang mengubah hidup ini, tetapi

tanpa mempraktikkan apa yang Anda pelajari, pengetahuan akan lolos dari jari-jari

Anda, dan peluang yang telah Anda tarik untuk menguabh hidup Anda akan lenyap.

Untuk memastikan ini tidak terjadi pada Anda, Anda perlu melatih syukur selama 28

hari, agar meresap ke dalam sel-sel dan akal bawah sadar Anda. Hanya dengan cara

itulah pengetahuan itu akan mengubah hidup Anda - secara permanen.

The texts above show the zig-zag pattern. In the English version, the Theme of the first clause is “You”. The Theme of the second version is “but without

practicing what you learn the knowledge”. This Theme is different from the first

Theme, but this Theme is related to the Rheme of the first clause which says something about knowledge, the topical Theme of the second clause. The same thing is found in the third Theme. The topical Theme of the third clause is “this”. The word “this” is related to the Rheme of the second clause. The fourth Theme, “then” is also related to the Rheme from the previous clause.

The same pattern is also found in the Indonesian version. The first Theme is

“Anda”. The second Theme is “tetapi tanpa mempraktikkan apa yang Anda pelajari,

pengetahuan”. The topical Theme of this clause is “pengetahuan”. This Theme is not

related to the previous Theme, but related to the previous Rheme, “takjub membaca

pengetahuan yang mengubah hidup ini”. The third Theme ”Untuk memastikan ini” is not related to the first or the second Theme but related to the second Rheme. This is also true with the forth Theme which related to the third Rheme. This pattern is makes the reader track the text or follow the information easily (Eggins, 2004).

3.5. Conclusion

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

This chapter presents the conclusion of this study. In this section, the brief description of the aims of this study and the findings of this study will be presented.

There are two aims of this study. The first one is to find out the kinds of theme in the original version and translated version of The Magic (Bryne, 2012). The second aim is to find out how the themes in the original version are realized in the translated version.

The findings show that the three types of theme proposed by Halliday (1994) are found in both of original and translated version of The Magic. Those themes are Topical theme, Interpersonal theme and Textual theme. The dominant themes in the texts are topical theme which also signaling that the text is in a written form.

The findings also show that there are four pattern of translating themes found. The first one is the themes are translated just like the original version. The second pattern is the ellipted themes are displayed in the target text or vice versa. The third is there are some words from rheme translated as theme. The last is the themes are shifted in the process of translation. The theme shift includes the shift from the marked theme into unmarked theme and addition of interpersonal theme. Those changes show that the translator tries to make the text more natural and readable.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES IN “THE MAGIC”AND ITS INDONESIAN TRANSLATION.

AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES

IN “THE MAGIC” AND ITS

INDONESIAN TRANSLATION

(A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES IN “THE MAGIC” AND ITS

INDONESIAN TRANSLATION

(A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH)

PAGE OF APPROVAL

AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES IN “THE MAGIC” AND ITS

INDONESIAN TRANSLATION

(A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH)

ABSTRACT

ABSTRAK

Table of Contents

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

References