Register Login
All Issues
Online First
International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention e-ISSN : 2348-991X |p-ISSN : 2454-9576 | DOI : 10.18535/ijmsci
Register Login
Editorial Team
Editor-In-ChiefDr. V. Daniel
Valley International 24 Kialash Vihar Mandsaur Mandsaur Madhya Pradesh458001
India
http://www.valleyinternational.net Email : info@valleyinternational.net
Dr. Tara Chand
M.Pharm, MBA, Ph.D (Pharm. Sc.)
Regional College of Pharmacy,
ISI- 17, RIICO Institutional Area, Sitapura, Jaipur,
Rajasthan, India- 302022
Dr.M.K. Sateesh
M.Sc. Ph.d.
Assistant Professor, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory,
Dept. Of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Bangalore University,
Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore-560 056, Karnataka, INDIA.
Gaurav J. Mishra
M.Sc (Bioinformatics), M.Phil (Biosciences), Ph.D (Biosciences)
Dept. of Biosciences, VNSGU, Surat, Gujarat India
gaurav.j.mishra@gmail.com
Mr. Prashant Jalindar Ghule
M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
Technical Analyst @ Dept. of Biosciences,
VNSGU, Surat INDIA
VIKAS SHARMA
AICTE-National Doctoral Fellow,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra,
Haryana-136119, India
Email- vikas_pharma@rediffmail.com
Sivagurunathan Nagarethinam
Assistant Professor.
Lecturer. Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dr. Yogesh Yadav
M.S. [Anatomy]
Associate Professor: Rama Medical College,Hospital & Research
Center, Hapur,U.P, India
Dr. Atla Bhagya Lakshmi
M.D. (Pathology
Professor & Head of the Department of Pathology
Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam
Dr. G. Vidya Sagar
M.Pharm., Ph.D., PGDMM., DIH., FIC., FES.,FABP
Professor & Principal Veerayatan Institute of Pharmacy,
(Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University,Ahmedabad)
JAKHANIA – 370 460
Dr. Agnimitra Dinda
Asst. Professor
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Siksha O Anusandhan University
Bhubaneswar, India-751003
Dr. Vure Prasad
Hikma India (Hikma Pharmaceuticals Ltd)
as Head, Intellectual Property & Regulatory
Affairs.
Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam
(Community Medicine Specialist
E-mail: maliheh_dadgar@yahoo.com
JYOTI SRIVASTAVA
(Psychiatric Nursing)
W/O Shri Neeraj Srivastav,
Old G/8, Jodhpur Colony,
BHU, Varanasi - 221005
Saber Abd-Allah
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University Postal / Zip Code: 62511
Country: Egypt
Dr. Aysu YURDASIPER
35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
CM Ravi, MBBS, MD(VD)
Additional Medical Superintendent and Head,
Dept of Dermatology, South Western Railway Divisional Hospital,
Okalipuram, Bangalore-560023, India.
Dr. Nemer Al-Khtoum
Consultant Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
at King Hussein Medical Centre (KHMC), Amman, Jordan
Email : nemer72@gmail.
Dr Anand kumar
MDS (ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY)
POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES LUCKNOW
Email Id- anandkmr901@gmail.com
AVNEESH TEJNANI
M.D.S. PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANTOLOGY
consulting Periodontist & Implantologist at multiple dental clinics in Mumbai.
Serap YALIN
Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Biochemistry, Yenisehir Kampusu, Mezitli 33161 Mersin/Turkey
Dr BASAVARAJ. C. METRI
Associate Professor
Dept of Microbiology
Shri B M Patil Medical College, Bijapur
Dr Hitesh Umakant Shingadia
M.Sc., Ph.D.
L-4/9, Abhanga Samata CHS, Sunder Nagar, S. V. Road, Malad - West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 064 India
Email - hiteshshingadia26@gmail.com
Dr Rajeshwar Narlawar
Ph. D. M.Sc. (Org.Chem.) (B.Sc.)
Birch Laboratory 504, Level 5, School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
Email - rajnarlawar@gmail.com
ARCHANA SINGH
PhD. (ENGLISH), M.A. (ENGLISH)
Email - singharc81@gmail.com
Mr MOHIT CHATURVEDI
Pharm (Pharmaceutical Chemistry),B. Pharm
CENTRAL INDIA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, INDORE-DEWAS BYPASS ROAD, INDORE, MADHYAPRADESH 452016 India
Email - mohitchaturvedi@hotmail.com
Dr Nadeem Ali
M.S. Orthopaedics , M.B.B.S
Mughal Mohalla,, Lalbazar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190023 India
Email - drnadeeem@gmail.com
JAYANT J. MAKWANA
M.B.B.S., M.D., PGDHA, PGDPC, CC
m/108, bhoomi breeze, raheja estate, , borivali (east), mumbai, maharashtra 400066 India
Email - jmak1629@gmail.com
Ms Zahedeh Rahmanian
PhD : MA : BS :
Emam Avenue, Jahrom, Fars 7416953557 Iran
Email - zr7911529@chmail.ir
Dr Swathi Poornima Chandaka
M.B.B.S, M.D (ANATOMY),
Graduated at Siddharth Medical College, Vijayawada. Post-Graduation from Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad.
Email - swathi79poornima@gmail.com
JAYESH P. WARADE
M.B.B.S., MD (Biochemistry)
F-4, 2nd Floor, T. M. Nagar, Meenu Enclave, Melur Road, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625107 India
Email - jdyajdo@gmail.com
Dr Dhiraj B Nikumbh
Associate professor, dept of pathology, acpm medical college, dhule, maharashtra india-424001 India
Email - drdhirajnikumbh@rediffmail.com
Dr Rajesh Chandra Verma
Ph.D., M.Sc.
47 Krishna Badh colony,, Awadhpuri, Shahganj, , Agra, U.P. 282010 India
Email - jcb.rajesh@gmail.com
Mr Janakiraman Balamurugan
M.P.T (HAND) MIAP. PGCDE,
B32, LIG FLATS, 7th AVENUE, ASHOKNAGAR, CHENNAI, TAMILNADU 600083 India
DR.DOPE SANTOSHKUMAR ANKUSHRAO
M.B.B.S., M.S. (ANATOMY), D.D.V., P.G.D.H.A.M.
DEPT. OF ANATOMY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE,
NEAR RAJASTHAN HIGHSCHOOL LATUR (Maharashtra )-413512
Email - drdopesantosh@yahoo.co.in
Prof. P. PADMAVATHI Ph.D, M.Sc (N)., B.Sc. (Nursing)
Dhanvantri College of Nursing Ganapathypuram, NO 1 – Ranganoor Road Muniyappan Kovil Via , Pallakkapalyam (Po)Namakkal (Dt) – 637303
Email - padmasekar2009@gmail.com
Dr.Pracheth.R
MBBS, MD
S/O Dr. C.V. Raghuveer,
4-1-74/2, Near Sridevi College,
Ballalbagh, Mangalore-575003.
E-mail - prach1986@gmail.com
Senthil Paramasivam Kumar
(Ph. D) in Physiotherapy, (M.P.T) in Musculoskeletal and Manual Therapy B.P.T (Bachelor of Physical Therapy)
Flat no: 302, “In-land Eminence”, KadriNew Temple Road, Kadri, Mangalore- 575001, India.
E-mail: senthilparamasivamkumar@gmail.com
R.SALMA MAHABOOB
M.Sc Medical Biochemistry, B. Sc Botany,Zoology, and Chemistry
MUSLIM STREET,HOUSE NO:1/34 CHIPPAGIRI [post&mand] KURNOOL[Dst ] a.p
E-mail - salmamahaboob9@gmail.com
Dr. Irani Farahanaz Baman
M.B.B.S., M.D. (Physiology) D.O.M.S
MGM. Medical collag Aurangabad MS
Email - dr.iranifb@gmail.com
Dr.Narendra Kumar Jatav
Ph. D. in (2008) Plant Pathology ( specialization mushroom )
Department of Plant Pathology , PND Agricultural College, Gajsinghpur, District Sri Ganganagar (Raj) India 335024
affiliated to Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Rajasthan India
Email - drnarendrakumarjatav@gmail.com
Ramalingam Shanmugam
Anar patel working as an assistant professor in pharmaxognosy
department of faculty of pharmacy,dharmsind desai university,Nadiad
Email - anar.patel0@gmail.com
Brijesh Rathore
Ph.D. (Medical Biochemistry) M.Sc. (App. Biochemistry)
B.Sc. (Biology)
Department of Biochemistry
Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital
Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road,
Lucknow, 226 003, U.P. India
Email - bsr2911@gmail.com, b.rathore@rediffmail.com,
Vivekanand Kishan Chatap (Ph.D) , M. Pharm
President
Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India, MP State.
Email - chatap@rediffmail.com
Dr. Rajendra S. Dongre
Ph. D, M.Sc. (Gold Medalist -in Year 1996), B.Sc. (PCM)
Assistant Professor (Senior Scale)
Department of Chemistry
RTM. Nagpur University, Campus,
Nagpur-440033. (M.S.) India.
Email - rsdongre@hotmail.co
Alex Martin.
Pharm (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), FAGE, (PGDDRA)
JC/45/C, DDA Flats
New Delhi,Pin-110064
Email:- aalexmartin@rediffmail.com
Dr. Mrs. SHRUTI SINGH
PhD in Biotechnology
Assistant Professor (Biotechnology)
Lecturer (B.E, Biotechnology)
Lecturer (Biotechnology)
Flat no 402, Wing - B, Arena I, Poonam Garden, Opp.S.K Stone, Mira Road (E), Thane, Maharashtra
Behzad Foroutan
PhD, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, e-Learning Fellowship, Master of Science (Medical Education),
Assistant Professor of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Hafte-h Tir Squire, Shahroud , Iran.
E-mail: behzad_foroutan@hotmail.com
SHWETA
M.D. Pathology, M.B.B.S,
Flat no. 502, DJA Apartments,
Plot no. 1A, Sector-13, Dwarka,
E-mail: drshwetarana15@gmail.com
CHERUPALLY KRISHNAN KRISHNAN NAIR
Ph.D. , M.Sc., B.Sc.
Dean of Research, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India.
Email: ckknair@yahoo.com
Xu Zheng
Ph.D. , Postdoc ,
Address: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research,Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Room 605, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142
E-mail:- xu_zheng@wi.mit.edu; hello_zx@hotmail.com
Ayman Shehata Mohammed Ahmed El-Shazly
Ph.D., M. Sc., B. Sc.
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts,
Unaizah, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Email - drshehata2006@yahoo.com
Hamid Hussein Mohsen
Ph.D. (in physical organic chemistry) , M.A
Assistant Professor at Hajjah University
Email- hamedesia2003@yahoo.com
Taghreed Hashim Al-Noor
PhD ,MSc in Chemistry
Professor Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science of Ibn-Al-Haitham Education College University of Baghdad, Baghdad
Email: drtaghreed2@Gmail.com
MALARVIZHI
Ph.D, M.Sc (NURSING)
No.72/44/1, Perumal Street, Thiruvallur-602 001
E-mail id: malarvizhi23@gmail.com
Dr. Dnyaneshwar kantaram Jadhav
M.D. SCHO - (Kayachikitsa)
Jadhav niwas room no-1,Laxmibaug,Near new post office,
Katemaniwali, Kalyan - East Pin code- 421 306 (Maharashtra)
E-mail id : dj85015@gmail.com
MASOUD MOHAMMADNEZHAD
Ph.D. MSc.( in Health Education and Health Promotion) BSc.( in Nursing)
Associate Professor, Health Promotion Department of
Public Health & Primary Health Care Fiji National University
Tamavua Campus, Suva, Fiji Islands
E-mail: masoud.m@fnu.ac.fj
Firas Rashad Al-Samarai
Ph.D. , Msc. (Degree in Animal Breeding)
Assis. Prof.College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Baghdad IRAQ
Email:firas_rashad@yahoo.com
MBBS, MS
Department of Surgical Oncology, kidwai memorial
institute of oncology, Bangalore 560029
E Mail: dr.kapil2010@gmail.com
Bimala Dhakal
Central Department of Biotechnology, Trichandra Multiple Campus
Bansbari03, Kathmandu, Nepal
Email: bimalabiotech@gmail.com
Rajiv Saini
(MDS)Master in Periodontology & Oral Implantology
(BDS)Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Associate Professor
Deparlment of Periodontology & Oral Implantology
Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences-Loni
Ahmednagar, Maharashtr a- 4137 3 6India
drperiodontist@yahoo.in
Neda Nozari
Gastroenterologist, Researcher, Digestive Disease Research Centre,
Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
E-mail: nozari_neda@yahoo.com
MUKESH TIWARI
M.S. (Orthopedics), (M.B.B.S.)
Prof. NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur
E-mail wakeuptum@gmail.com
Dr. Amarnath Shukla
M.D., Ph.D (scho.)
Associate Professor, Department of kayachikitsa(medicine)
G.B.AYURVEDIC COLLEGE &HOSPITAL ROHTAK(HR.)
Email: amar82_shukla@yahoo.com
Dr Jiguru prasant (PHARMD)
Safety process associate
Vigi medsafe pvt ltd
E-mail: prashant7792@gmail.com
Dr. SAMEER SHAKUR SHEAIKH
Associate Professor,
Department of Pharmaceutics,
KYDSCT’s College of Pharmacy,
Sakegaon, Bhusawal - 425201,
Mahareashtra, India
Make a Submission
Current Issue For Readers
For Authors
For Librarians
About Us
Valley International Journals is , open access, peer reviewed, monthly journals publisher
We believe in publication ethics and request all the authors for same.
Useful Links
Home
Editorial Board
Current Issue
Archive
Information
Online Submission
For Authors
For Readers
For Librarians
Mailing List
Sign up for our mailing list to get latest updates and offers.
Register Login
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity of Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case Report
Nayara R. A. V. Boas, Alessandra G. Cizino, Eloisa M. G. Regueiro, Sueli A. Alves, Edson D. Verri, Gabriel P. Silva, Oswaldo S. Taube, Simone C. H. Regalo, Saulo C. V. Fabrin
Pages No. 3500-3503
Full text
Abstract 28 | PDF 31 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.01
The study of incidence of post operative delirium in geriatric patients who needed prolonged ICU stay after undergoing a major cardiac surgery in a tertiary care hospital
Dr A. Rajeev, Dr G. Paul, Dr Sunil K S, Dr P. Vijayakumar Pages No. 3504-3506
Full text
Abstract 24 | PDF 12 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.02
Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Children Presenting With First Onset Apparent Unprovoked Seizures
Dr. Shashibala J Yadav, Dr. Anu Sharma Pages No. 3507-3512
Full text
Abstract 14 | PDF 5 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.03
Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health
Raras Sutatminingsih Pages No. 3513-3518
Full text
Abstract 16 | PDF 10 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.04
Effect of L-Arginin to Repair Coronary Endothelial Heart Damage in Mice of Preeclampsia Model
Alip Sudarmono, Sri Sulistyowati, Supriyadi Hari Respati, Asih Anggraeni Pages No. 3519-3523
Full text
Abstract 28 | PDF 10 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.05
Fixed Prosthodontics Failure in Students' Patients at King Saud University
Dr abdulaziz Ahmed Alghafees, prof khalid Alwazzan, Dr omar alqarawi, moqrin almotairi Pages No. 3524-3526
Home / Archives / Vol 5 No 2 (2018)
Articles
Published: 2018-02-01
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
Full text
Abstract 29 | PDF 7 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.06
A cross-sectional study regarding Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of hand washing among health care providers in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Tripura
Dr. Tamal Chakraborty, Dr. Nabarun Karmakar, Dr. Kaushik Nag, Dr. Anjan Datta, Prabir Kumar Saha, Chinmoy Biswas Pages No. 3527-3531
Full text
Abstract 51 | PDF 10 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.07
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Junu Devi
Pages No. 3532-3536
Full text
Abstract 29 | PDF 9 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.08
The Update on Dermoscopic Signs in General Dermatology Practice –A Review article
Rahul Kumar Sharma Pages No. 3537-3541
Full text
Abstract 14 | PDF 22 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.09
The study on prevalence of polypharmacy in elderly patients presenting for first time to the geriatric clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala
Dr Aswin Rajeev, Dr George Paul, Dr Sobha George, Dr Priya Vijayakumar Pages No. 3542-3544
Full text
Abstract 25 | PDF 4 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.10
Ultrasonography for Endotracheal Tube Placement Confirmation in an Emergency Setting - A Prospective Study in a Teritiary Hospital
Dr. A.Srikanth Reddy, Dr.Inugala Raj Kumar Reddy, Dr.Polupangu Hima Bindu Pages No. 3545-3549
Full text
Abstract 17 | PDF 7 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.11
Rare case of a ruptured distal middle cerebral artery fusiform aneurysm: a neurosurgical challenge.
Jagminder Singh, Amit Mittal, Rakesh Kumar Kaushal, Rupinder Kaur, Simran Kaur, Harmandeep Singh Chahal Pages No. 3550-3552
Full text
Abstract 14 | PDF 6 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.12
Blood Groups, BT and CT in Medical and Para Medical Students-Gender Based Distribution and Their Relation. An Observational Study.
Masarat Nazeer, Shaugfta Aara, Nadeema Rafiq Pages No. 3553-3556
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
Full text
Abstract 16 | PDF 5 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.13
Study of various clinical and microbiological patterns of onychomycosis in western Rajasthan
Dr. Sandeep Khuraiya, Dr. Naseerudin, Dr. Kapil Chandra, Dr. Rajiv Khullar Pages No. 3557-3559
Full text
Abstract 11 | PDF 3 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.14
Knowledge and Awareness of root canal therapy for population in Saudi Arabia: A questionnaire-based study
Zeeshan H Ahamed, Abdulaziz Alwakeel, Abdulelah Alrshedan, Fahad Altimsah Pages No. 3560-3564
Full text
Abstract 15 | PDF 3 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.15
Correlation between Visual Warning on Cigarette Pack Sand Smoking Behavior of Man Students in Banda Aceh Year 2016
Ismail .
Pages No. 3565-3569
Full text
Abstract 12 | PDF 11 DOI https://doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i2.16
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
PDF XML
Make a Submission
Information
Current Issue For Readers
For Authors
For Librarians
About Us
We believe in publication ethics and request all the authors for same.
Useful Links
Home
Editorial Board
Current Issue
Archive
Information
Online Submission
For Authors
For Readers
For Librarians
Mailing List
Sign up for our mailing list to get latest updates and offers.
© 2016 Copyright Published by International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention .
International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 5(02): 3513-3518, 2018
Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health
Raras Sutatminingsih
1*1
Dept of Psychology, University of North Sumatera, Indonesia
ABSTRACT:
Islamic meditation tradition (Suluk) has been practiced in religiosity context, but it is rarely used as research object in Health and Psychology Sciences. Many efforts and practices of psychology therapy have been done to have energies and well-being, nonetheless, the Islamic Mediation Tradition seldom discussed. This research was conducted to find the degree of the relationship between the practice of suluk, religiosity, management of the six basic energies and psychological well-being among the saliks practicing suluk at Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah and those who are non-saliks. This research applied the mixed method of quantitative method and qualitative method. The study findings from the qualitative analysis are as follows. The practice of suluk is significantly related to the psychological well-being among the saliks and non-saliks(β =
.765; p < .01) and all its aspects, that is, autonomy (β = .751; p <.01), control of environment (β = .525; p < .01), personal
growth (β = .520; p < .01), positive relationship with others (β=.598; p < .01), purpose in life (β = 744; p < .01), and self
-acceptance (β = .687; p < .01).First, the saliks and non-saliks have intrinsic religiosity. Second, the management of physical
energy has constructive as well as destructive effects on saliks and non-saliks. Then, the management of the instinctive energy, intellectual energy, emotional energy and transcendental energy have constructive effects on them. Meanwhile, the management of spiritual energy has constructive effects on the saliks, but has constructive as well as destructive effects on
the non-saliks. Third, all aspects of psychological well-being have positive effects on the saliks, but have positive and
negative influences on the non-saliks.
Key words: suluk; religiosity; management of the six basic energies; psychological well-being.
INTRODUCTION
The way of people practicing suluk (Spiritual Meditation in Islam) is seldom used as object of study in Psychology and Health Sciences. The tradition of Suluk Meditation has many types of processions that more or less give influential power or energy on the mental religiosity and psychology of well being. Maltby, Lewis, and Day argued that there is a positive relationship between people who pray and their subjective well-being[1]. The relationship between ritual praying and deep devotion in meditative prayers, frequency of praying, and experience in praying are all correlated with subjective well-being. Those who perform prayers, feel the presence of Allah, and remember Him, recite their prayers accordingly, will feel deeply secure, and will feel a deep experience with Allah. They reported that they can feel a better subjective well-being. Scully at all reported that religion has a large and significant influence on health and psychological well-being, especially the influence from religious organization[2]. In practice, the Suluk fellows manage everything that related to their religiosity and affect their psychological well-being. Religiosity or religiousness is a multidimensional construct that has diverse cognition, emotional and behavioural aspects in searching for holiness, which can be classified into intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions.
The study reveals that the religiosity is a religious behaviour,
which is motivated to attain solace in the social environment, to fulfil personal needs, such that everything will be developed according to the personality of the individual concerned[3]. Miller and Kelley contended that the religious intrinsic motivation is the confidence and religious practices that are based upon personal motivation and sincerity in performing religious activities[4].
Furthermore, the methodology of the Six Basic Energy has been studied by Suryanto and found that people are actually originated from the construct of six basic energies, namely physical, instinctive, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and transcendental energies. The energy that is working in the human body will be controlled and utilized in such a way that it becomes beneficial to human being in a sophisticated and complex ways. The energy that is constructive and beneficial can be a tool for human to achieve progress and advantage. On the other hand, the energy may also be destructive and may cause the human body and soul to decline[5].
Raras Sutatminingsihet al / Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health
3514
International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention, vol. 5, Issue 02, February, 2018 studies have shown that the higher the intrinsic religiousorientation of the person, the higher will be the person’s psychological well-being[7,8,9]. Additionally, the relationship between religious orientation and psychological well-being is mediated by the relationship between a person’s frequency of performing religious obligations and his or her psychological well-being[10].
Some research results also showed that the teachings of the tarekat can prevent people from vice, increase piety and piousness in performing religious duties, and make people become committed and sincere in helping others. It might also increase piousness and earnestness in fulfilling the social obligations as demanded by the religious teachings[11,12]. Other studies have also shown that Yoga Hatha and meditation can reduce anxiety, significantly enhance mental health and factors of life quality, reduce negative mood, depression, fatigue, bewilderment, heartbeat, improve physical health, reduce pain, improve immunity, improve emotional life, help spiritual development, and significantly improve antibody effect of influenza vaccine[13,14,15,16].
Moreover, there is a significant relationship between the three intelligences, namely, social intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being[17]. Looking at the results of past studies, apparently they are still studying the variables that are not comprehensive as has been done in this study. Therefore, this research studies the variables of suluk practice, religiosity, efficient management of the Six Basic Energies (physical, instinctive, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and transcendental) as well as psychological well-being. Additionally, this study also found that research on the practice of Suluk from the psychological perspective is much lacking. Hence, this research needs to be conducted.
Hypothesis
This study aims to test the following research hypotheses.
Hypothesis 1: There is a positive relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being among the salik (or salikeen) and non-salik (or non-salikeen).
Hypothesis 2: Gender, age, marital status, education, employment, frequency of practicing suluk, the last time of performing suluk are significant moderators to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being among the saliks and non-saliks.
Hypothesis 3: Religiosity and efficient management of the Six Basic Energies (physical, instinctive, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and transcendental) are significant mediators to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being among the saliks and the non-saliks.
The Objective of Research
Following those hypothesis, this research aimed to examine the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being, to examine age and gender as significant moderators to the relationship between suluk practice and
psychological well-being. In addition, the study will look into the role of religiosity as a mediator the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being, efficient management of the Six Basic Energies (physical, instinctive, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and transcendental) as a significant mediator to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being among the saliks and the non-saliks.
Saliks (or salikeen) are subjects of the study who have practised suluk with Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah at least once. Meanwhile, non-saliks are subjects of the study who have not practised suluk with any tarekat group. However, the saliks under study will involve only the followers of the 10-day suluk programme organised at Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah in Medan, Indonesia. Saliks and non-saliks selected to be informant in this study were in their 40s (40-49 years old) and 50s (50-59 years old) and consisted of males and females.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Participants for the study consisted of 200 salik followers from the Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah as the subjects for the quantitative study and 7 subjects for the qualitative research because all the saliks fulfilled the characteristics required to be participants in this research. For example, all of them live in the city of Medan; aged between 40 and 59 years; have experienced practising suluk at Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah at least once; and they were easy to contact. On the other hand, 200 participants were selected to represent non-saliks group as the control group in the quantitative study and another 7 participants for the qualitative study. The same number of participants was selected to represent the non-saliks to balance the number of the salik group. These participants also fulfilled all the requirements to be participants in this study. For example, all of them live in Medan city; aged between 40 and 59 years; have not experienced practising suluk at Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah at least once; and they were easy to contact.
Data collection was involved the religiosity questionnaire, efficient management of the Six Basic Energies and psychological well-being as suggested by Suryanto[5]. The religiosity questionnaire measures motivation for the religiosity behaviour shown by an individual as arranged by Hoge[18]. Conceptually this questionnaire originated from Religious Orientation Scale aspects which consist of intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions as suggested by Allport and Ross[19].
The questionnaire on efficient management of the Six Basic Energies was developed based on the management of Six Basic Energies which encompassed physical energy, instinctive energy, intellectual energy, emotional energy, spiritual energy, and transcendental energy among the saliks and non-saliks.
Raras Sutatminingsihet al / Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health
3515
International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention, vol. 5, Issue 02, February, 2018 goal in life, and self-acceptance.Research procedures were implemented in two stages, namely the preparation stage and the implementation stage. Finally, data analysis and discussion will be presented. After summarizing the research questions, the research proceeded with the search for a theoretical framework to be used for discussing the research results. Meanwhile, the religiosity questionnaire, the efficient scale for management of Six Basic Energies, the psychological well-being questionnaires were organized and prepared.
In the implementation stage of the research, the researcher determined the participants of the study and the data collection method. The participants of the research consisted of saliks who have practised suluk at the Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah and non-saliks. The researcher searched for data on the total Muslim population in Medan City, contacted the Muslim saliks and non-saliks in Medan City, introduced and persuaded them to participate in the study.
The objectives and benefits of the study to the researcher and the participants were explained the study participants, including the details of the activities involved, and the time they would be required to be present for the process of data collection for the research.
Then, the study participants were asked to fill the religiosity questionnaire, the efficient management of the six basic energies questionnaire, and psychological well-being questionnaire. At this stage the researcher conducted interview sessions with the seven research participants for the quantitative research regarding religiosity, efficient management of the six basic energies, and psychological well-being. During the closing session, the researcher thanked them for their cooperation in this research.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Data analysis of research showed the calculations that lead to the following research results. The practice of suluk is significantly related to the psychological well-being among the saliks and non-saliks (β = .765; p < .01) and all its aspects, that is, autonomy (β = .751; p <.01), control of environment (β = .525; p < .01), personal growth (β = .520; p < .01), positive relationship with others (β=.598; p < .01), purpose in life (β = 744; p < .01), and self-acceptance (β = .687; p < .01).
Research results also showed that age, frequency of suluk and the last time performing suluk are moderators to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being among the saliks and non-saliks (β = .433; p < .05). Meanwhile, gender (β = .330; p > .05), marital status (β = . -1.111; p > .05), education (β = .146; p > .05), employment (β = .005; p > .05), frequency of suluk (β = .251; p > .05) and time of performing the last suluk (β = -1.448; p > .05) are not moderators to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being mong the saliks and non-saliks.
Research results also showed that religiosity is a mediator to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological
well-being among saliks and non-saliks (β = .258; sig.001) and all its aspects, that is, autonomy (β = .422; sig.001), control of the environment (β = .427; sig.001), personal growth (β = .418; sig.001), positive relationship with others (β = .459; sig.001), goal in life (β = 448; sig.001), self -acceptance (β =.435; sig.001).
Furthermore, the results showed that efficient management of the six basic energies is a mediator to the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being among the saliks and non-saliks (β = .661; p < .05) and all its aspects, that is, autonomy (β = .635; sig.001), control of the environment (β = .517; sig.001), personal growth (β = .397; sig.001), positive relationship with others (β = .590; sig.001), purpose in life (β = 607; sig.001), self-acceptance (β = .605; sig.001).
The results from the interviews showed that every behaviour and religious obligations performed by the saliks are their submission to Allah and the expression of their appreciation towards Allah, to gain the pleasure of Allah, and to obey His command. Meanwhile, for the non-saliks their purpose was to do good deeds, to gain the pleasure of Allah, to fulfil their responsibilities as Muslims, because they wish to practice what had been taught by their parents on to them, and as a trust that has been given to them by Allah.
It was found that from the interview on the theme of psychological well-being showed that the saliks are always thankful, patient, submissive, sincere, while the non-saliks feel sincere, willingly accept, never regret, satisfied, thankful; in fact many of them feel they have received many miracles from Allah, thus they are appreciative of everything.
They way of salik followers in the interaction socially showed that the saliks would perform whatever is beneficial as their religious deeds, friendship. They feel closer in their presence with others, they are concerned about others, they are willing to share, and that everyone is equal in the eyes of Allah. Meanwhile, non-saliks feel that the quality of their relationship with others is good; they do not feel proud, they feel mutual appreciation with others, they do not want to hurt people, they are conceding, they wish to share the bounties of Allah, they are in good terms with everyone, they like to serve others, and they are humble to everyone.
Procedures in decision making of followers showed that they perceive the existing of Allah Al Mighty. If they are making decision, the saliks always put Allah in front, they remember Him, ask for guidance, and submit themselves to Him. They often look for ideas when making decisions as if they have obtained “Godly Knowledge”. Meanwhile, the non-saliks have discussions, consultations, refer to regulations, follow priorities, search for complete information, look for alternatives and take the least harmful alternative with the maximum benefits, and they perform the istikharah (intention) prayer.
Raras Sutatminingsihet al / Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health non-saliks handle their environment by giving advice, influence the thinking of others, become examples to others, supervise, control, and serve others. However, there are also among them who are unable to handle their environment.
For the saliks, their goal in life is directed more towards Allah, to make Allah please with them and to get the pleasure of the non-saliks uplift their personality by following classes, listening to religious talks and reading the Qur’an, participating in workshops, reading (newspapers, books, and magazines), watching news programme, surfing the internet, learning the Qur’an from religious teachers, and attending seminars.
This discussion shows the positive effects of Islamic Meditation Tradition on the Psychological –well being of salik followers. The research results showed that suluk practice has a significant positive relationship with the psychological well-being among the saliks and non-saliks. The finding of this research of psychological well-being is related to the practice of suluk and psychological well-being has no relationship with the practice of suluk with other religious practices.
Those findings were attuned with the idea that the suluk is an effort, a serious attempt to cleanse the body and soul. It is done by repenting and emptying the personality from the corrupted characteristics (internal and external vice) and filling it with laudable and obedient characteristics, internal and external, namely (i) controlling and mastering the self, and handling of self-indulgence; (ii) cleansing the self from worldly influence[21.22]. The teachings of the tarekat provide the experience and the feeling of the self being deeply close to Allah and getting farther away from vice, increasing faith and adding piousness in performing religious obligations, and commitment and sincerity to help humanity[11]. People who orientate their life to spiritual and transcendental efforts report higher positive emotion, better personal condition, better physical health, paying more attention to others, and having higher positive well-being [23].
The findings of this study also showed that age moderates the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being, while gender, marital status, education and employment
do not moderate the relationship between suluk practice and psychological well-being. The study finding is in line with Wilber’s theory which said that transpersonal or transego is higher than the personal level of ego in late adults[24]. Hurlock also mentioned that interest in religious matters occur more to middle aged men and women than when they are young[25]. Theoretically it mentioned that age is one of the influential factors of a person’s psychological well-being [26]. The dimension of goal in life declines when age increases. However, self-acceptance and relationship with others dimensions do not change when age increases.
It has been noted that the relationship between religious orientation and psychological well-being is strengthened by the frequency of performing religious obligations of an individual[1]. Furthermore, it has been revealed that those who orientate their goal in life towards spiritual and transcendental efforts report more positive emotion, better personal condition, better physical health, paying more attention to others, having higher positive well-being[23]. The finding of this study showed that life experience, which in this study refers to marital status, employment, frequency of practising suluk, and the last time performing suluk among the saliks and non-saliks are not among the important factors that determine a person’s psychological well-being. Apparently, other life experiences may well influence people’s well-being. Although people’s life experiences will differ and especially are determined by the place where they live, nevertheless the nature of their work, and their respective specialized experience and depend upon the way they are interpreted.
The religiosity is a mediator to the relationship between the practice of suluk and psychological well-being was revealed by data obtained. It was accordance with previously research[11], which said that the teachings of the tarekat develop individual piety and keep people away from vice, make them increase their faith and increase their piety when performing religious obligations and make them committed and sincere to help human kind. It was found that the higher the intensity of the experience of the teachings of tarekat, the higher will be the obedience and seriousness of fulfilling the social aspects of religious teachings[12]. Additionally, the higher the internal religious orientation (religiosity) of a person, the higher will be the person’s psychological well -being[8]. Thus, there is a positive relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and the measure of psychological well-being[7]. In addition, there is a negative relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and the aspects of autonomy. Levin and Chatters argued that religion has a significant and major influence on psychological health and well-being, especially the influence from religious organizations[27].
Raras Sutatminingsihet al / Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health
3517
International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention, vol. 5, Issue 02, February, 2018 well-being[23]. The energy which is working in the humanbody will experience rearrangement and utilization by the human personality in complex and sophisticated ways that it provides benefits to mankind5.The constructive and efficient management of the six basic energies will provide benefits to the development of positive psychological well-being.
CONCLUSION
Data analysis generates some conclusions; First the practice of suluk is positively related with psychological well-being that has been practice by the followers of Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah in Medan North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Second, the findings showed that age moderates the relationship between the practice of suluk and psychological well-being. On the other hand, gender, marital status, education, employment status, the last time of performing suluk and the frequency of practising suluk do not moderate the relationship between practicing suluk and psychological well-being. Third, religiosity moderates the relationship between practice of suluk and psychological well-being. Fourth, the management of the six basic energies moderates the relationship between the practice of suluk and psychological well-being.
REFERENCES
[1] Maltby, J., Lewis, C.A., & Day, L. Prayer and subjective well-being: The application of a cognitive-behavioral framework. Mental Health Religion and Culture, (2008);11(1):119-129.
[2] Scully, D., Kremer, J., Meade, M.M., Graham, R., & Dudgeon, K. Physical exercise and psychological well-being: a critical review. British Journal of Sport Medicine. (1998);32: 111-120.
[3] Allport, G.W. & Ross, J.M. Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (1967);5: 432-433.
[4] Miller, L., & Kelley, B. S. Relationships of religiosity and spirituality with mental health and psychopathology. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality New York, NY: The Guilford Press. (2005):460–478.
[5] Suryanto, B. A. Achieving a healthy, successful, and happy life through the management of Six Basic Energy.
Yogyakarta: Bumi Aksara; (2008)
[6] Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1995);69: 719–727.
[7] Alandete, J. G. & Valero, G. B. Religious orientation and psychological well being among Spanish undergraduates. Accion Psicol (2013);10:135-148.
[8] Arifin, Z., & Rahayu. I. T. The relationship between religious orientation, locus of control and psychological well-being psychology faculty students at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. (2012). El-Qudwah, ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id.URL: http://
http://www.academia.
[9] Mohammadzadeh, A., Najafi, M., & Ashuri, A. Religious orientation in people with high schizotypal traits. Iran Journal Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (2009);15(3): 283-289.
[10] Maltby, J., Lewis, C. A., & Day, L. Religious orientation and psychological well-being: The role of the frequency of personal prayer. British Journal of Health Psychology, (1999);4(4):363–378.
[11] Aziz, A. A. Individual piety and social piety: Study the role of the Qadiriyah-Naqsyabandiyah order in Lombok. Journal of Islamic Research, (2005);2(2):188-210.
[12] Maskhiyah, S. [online] The influence of the intensity of the practice of tarekat teachings to social piety (on jama’ah tarekat qodiriyyah wa naqsabandiyyah desa. Ngroto, Skripsi. ISSN STAIN Salatiga. (2012). Retrieved from http://eprints.stainsalatiga.ac.id/id/eprint/516.
[13] Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller D., Santorelli S.F., Sheridan, J. F. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation, Psychosomatic Medicine, (2003);65(4):564-70.
[14] Lindberg D. A. Integrative review of research related to meditation, spirituality, and the elderly. Geriatr Nurs. (2005);26(6):372-377.
[15] Stoller, C. C., Greuel, J. H., Cimini, L. S., Fowler, M. S., & Koomar, J. A. Yoga as an alternative and complementary approach for stress management: A systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, (2014);1 (19):59-67.
[16] Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Gordon, N. S., & Goolkasian, P. Effects of brief and sham mindfulness meditation on mood and cardiovascular variables. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, (2010);16(8), 867-873.
[17]Golestaneh, S.M., Zarei, S., & Rajabi, S. Predicting psychological well-being on the basic of spiritual, emosional, and social intelligences in Iranian’s college students. Jurnal of Social Issues & Humanities, (2014);11(2):361-366.
[18] Hoge, D. R. A validated intrinsic religious motivation scale. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, (1972);11(4):369-376.
[19] Allport, G.W. Religious context of prejudice. Journal for the scientific study of religion, (1966);5:447-457.
[20]Springer, K. W., & Hauser, R. M. An assessment of the construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well -being: Method, mode, and measurement effects. Social Science Research, (2005);35:1080–1102.
Raras Sutatminingsihet al / Using Islamic Meditation Tradition “Suluk” Model for Mental Health
3518
International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention, vol. 5, Issue 02, February, 2018 Dr. Muhammad Tamir. Kairo: Muassasah Al-Muhtar.2004
[22] Nur, D. Tasawuf dan tarekat Naqsyabandiyyah pipinan Prof. Dr. H. Saidi Syekh Kadirun Yahya. Medan: USU Press. (2004).
[23] Leak, G. K., DeNeve, K. M., & Greteman, A. J. The relationship between spirituality, assessed through self-transcendent goal strivings, and positive psychological attributes. In R. L. Piedmont (Ed.), Research in the social scientific study of religion,). Netherlands: Brill NV. (2007);18:263-279
[24] Wilber, K. A brief history of everything. Boston, MA: Shambhala.(1996).
[25] Hurlock, E. Developmental psychology, a life throughout the life span (5th ed.).Jakarta: Erlangga Publication. (1996)
[26] Ryff, C. D. Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, (1995); 4: 99-104.