v
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... i
ABSTRACT ... ii
PREFACE ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v
LIST OF APPENDICES ... viii
CHAPTER I ... 1
1.1. Background of the study ... 1
1.2. Research Question ... 4
1.3. Aims of the study ... 4
1.4. Research Methodology ... 4
1.5. Scope of the Study... 5
1.6. Significance of the Study ... 5
1.7. Clarification of Terms ... 6
1.7.1. Ideology... 6
1.7.2. Ideological Features... 6
1.8. Organizations of The Study ………. 6
CHAPTER II ... 8
2.1. Marxism as Literary Criticism ... 8
2.2. Ideology ... 9
2.2.1. Ideological Features... 12
2.2.1.1. Unifying... 12
2.2.1.2. Action-oriented... 13
2.2.1.3. Legitimation... 13
2.2.1.4. Rationalization... 14
2.2.1.5. Universalization... 15
2.2.1.6. Naturalization... 15
vi
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.1. The Dominant Class and Its Ideologies... 18
2.3.1.1. Capitalist/Bourgeois and Capitalism... 18
2.3.1.2. Feudalists and Feudalism... 20
2.3.2. Other Classes in Society... 22
2.4. State and Class ... 23
2.5. Relevant Studies... 25
CHAPTER III ... 28
3.1. Research Question ... 28
3.2. Research Method ... 28
3.3. Object of the Study ... 28
3.4. Characters in Footsteps ... 29
3.5. Research Procedures... 30
3.5.1. Data Collection... 30
3.5.2. Data Analysis... 31
CHAPTER IV ... 32
4.1. Findings ... 32
4.1.1. Capitalism ... 32
4.1.1.1. Conflicts between the Colonialist and the Colonized ... 35
4.1.1.1.1. Legitimation... 35
4.1.1.1.2. Rationalization... 40
4.1.1.1.3. Action-Oriented... 42
4.1.1.1.4. Universalization... 44
4.1.1.2. Conflicts of Organization ... 46
4.1.1.2.1. Legitimation... 46
4.1.1.2.2. Action Oriented... 48
4.1.2. Feudalism ... 50
4.1.2.1. Conflicts between the Feudals and the Commoners ... 50
4.1.2.1.1. Naturalization ... 50
4.1.2.1.2. Rationalization... 52
4.1.2.2. Conflicts of Organization ... 54
4.1.2.2.1 Naturalization ... 54
4.2. Discussion: The National Capitalism and Marxism in Footsteps ... 56
vii
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
5.1 Conclusions ... 60
5.2 Suggestions ... 61
REFERENCES ... 62
viii
Gisa Vadhika Sacawisastra, 2016
IDEOLOGY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S FOOTSTEPS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix I Appendix of Capitalism 65
