Evaluasi Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perdesaan Kecamatan Kebayakan, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh

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EVALUASI PROGRAM NASIONAL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT

MANDIRI PERDESAAN KECAMATAN KEBAYAKAN, KABUPATEN

ACEH TENGAH, PROVINSI ACEH

ABSTRAK

Pembangunan seharusnya merupakan proses yang memfasilitasi manusia

mengembangkan hidup sesuai pilihannya. Kemiskinan di negara-negara

berkembang terutama di Indonesia masih menjadi permasalahan utama dalam

proses pembangunan nasional. Mulai tahun 2007 hingga tahun 2014 Pemerintah

Indonesia meluncurkan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri

Perdesaan (PNPM-MPd) sebagai salah satu program unggulan dalam rangka

pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia terutama di perdesaan. Melalui riset kualitatif

dengan metode deskriptif dievaluasi capaian PNPM-MPd di Kecamatan Kebayakan

Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan

tujuan-tujuan yang ditetapkan oleh program tersebut agar dijadikan bahan pembelajaran

dalam merumuskan kebijakan publik di masa depan. Variabel evaluasi yang diteliti

meliputi

tingkat

partisipasi,

pelembagaan

pembangunan

partisipatif,

pengembangan kapasitas pemerintahan lokal, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana

sosial dasar, pelembagaan pengelolaan dana bergulir pelembagaan badan kerja

sama antar desa, dan kerja sama antar pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat pada PNPM-MPd di

Kecamatan Kebayakan cukup tinggi terutama pada kegiatan pembangunan sarana

dan prasarana sosial dasar, namun tingginya tingkat partisipasi pada proses kegiatan

PNPM-MPd tidak diikuti dengan melembaganya pembangunan partisipatifnya

karena ketidakmampuan PNPM-MPd mewujudkan kemandirian masyarakat.

Pengelolaan simpan pinjam kelompok perempuan telah gagal dengan tingginya

angka tunggakan karena tiadanya proses penyiapan dan penguatan kapasitas

masyarakat sehingga dana tersebut kerap digunakan untuk kegiatan konsumtif.

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EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN RURAL AREAS

(PNPM-MPd) SUB-DISTRICT KEBAYAKAN, DISTRICT ACEH TENGAH,

ACEH PROVINCE

ABSTRACT

Development should be a process that facilitates people to develop their life

as their choice. Poverty in developing countries, especially in Indonesia is still a

major problem in the process of national development. Starting from 2007 until

2014, the Indonesian government launched the National Program for Community

Empowerment in Rural Areas (PNPM-MPd) as one of the flagship programs in

order to alleviate poverty in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. Through

qualitative research with descriptive method was evaluated achievements of

PNPM-MPd in Sub-district Kebayakan, District Aceh Tengah, Aceh Province. The

evaluation was done based on the objectives set by the program in order to be used

as teaching material in the formulation of public policy in the future. Variables

examined included the evaluation of the level of participation, the

institutionalization of participatory development, local governance capacity

building, provision of basic social infrastructure, the institutionalization of the

management of revolving funds, the institutionalization of cooperation body

between villages, and cooperation among stakeholders. The results showed that the

level of community participation in PNPM-MPd in Sub-district Kebayakan quite

high, especially in the construction of facilities and basic social infrastructure, but

the high level of participation of the PNPM-MPd activities are not followed by

institutionalization participatory development because of the inability of

PNPM-MPD realize the independence of the public. The women's savings and credit

groups’

management has failed with high rates of arrears due to the absence of the

process of preparing and strengthening community capacity so that these funds are

often used for consumptive activities.