ABSTRAK
Polisakarida Larut Air (PLA) sering disebut sebagai serat pangan larut air yang bersifat hidrokoloid. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu ekstraksi PLA dari umbi talas kimpul dan pengujian aktivitas hipoglikemik PLA umbi talas kimpul pada tikus wistar. Ekstraksi PLA dilakukan dengan 3 cara yaitu ekstraksi dengan air (aqueos) ekstraksi dengan cara fermentasi menggunakan ragi tempe dan ekstraksi dengan enzim papain. PLA yang dihasilkan di uji karakteristik kimia dan fungsional meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar serat kasar, kadar pati, kadar glukosa, gula pereduksi, total gula, daya larut, viskositas (cP), dextrose equivalen, dan derajat polimerisasi. Hasil ekstraksi terbaik di lanjutkan uji in vivo pada tikus winstar diinduksi dengan streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Penelitain ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial
Hasil penelitian menunjukan ekstraksi PLA dengan ragi tempe menghasilkan PLA dengan tingkat kemurnian yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstraksi dengan air dan ekstraksi dengan enzim papain, yang dapat dilihat dari kadar pati yang lebih rendah serta daya larut yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua metode ekstraksi lainnya. PLA yang dihasilkan dengan ekstraksi menggunakan ragi tempe selanjutnya diuji aktivitas hipoglikemik pada tikus winstar hiperglikemik yang diinduksi dengan streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan PLA talas kimpul dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus hiperglikemia tidak berbeda nyata dengan obat diabetes komersial (glibenklamid 5 mg) dengan signifikan (P<0,05). Pemberian PLA talas kimpul 400 mg/kg berat badan dapat menghambat laju absorbansi glukosa yang ditandai dengan kenaikan kadar glukosa darah yang rendah pada uji glucose tolerance test (GTT) yakni berturut-turut sebesar 27,62 dan 22, 21 %. Analisa asam lemak rantai pendek meliputi asam butirat, propionate dan asetat dari digesta sekum menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC). SCFA yang dianalisis yaitu Asam asetat, asam propionate dan asam butirat. Asam asetat memiliki rerata kadar paling tinggi dibandingakan dengan asam propionate dan asam butirat.
Kata Kunci : Polisakarida larut air (PLA), Diabetes mellitus, Glukosa darah, Gas chromatography (GC), Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA).
ABSTRACT
Water soluble polysaccharide (WSP) is often referred to as dietary fiber which is water soluble hydrocolloid. This research was conducted in two stages: extraction of taro tuber purse WSP and WSP hypoglycemic activity test in wistar rats. Extractionsof WSP are done in 3 ways: extraction with water (aqueos), extraction by fermentation using tempeh yeast and extraction with papain enzyme. WSP which is produced had been tested to determine the chemical and functional characteristics including yield, moisture content, rough fiber content, starch, glucose, reducing sugars, total sugars, solubility, viscosity (cP), dextrose equivalent and the degree of polymerization. Best extraction results in in vivo tests in winstar rats are analyzed by using a completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial
The results showed that the extraction of WSP with tempe yeast produces WSP with higher purity than the extraction with water and the extraction with the papain enzyme, which can be seen from the starch content that lower with higher solubility than the two another extraction methods. WSP that produced by tempeh yeast extraction were tested for hypoglycemic activity in hyperglycemic wistar rats that are induced with streptozotocin-nicotinamide. The Research results showed that WSP from taro purse tuber can reduce hyperglycemic rats’s blood glucose levels that were not significantly different with commercial diabetes medications (glibenclamide 5 mg) with significantly approximately (P <0.05). Putat least 400 mg / kg WSP of Taro Purse Tuber can inhibit the glucose absorbance that had been signed by the increasing of lower blood glucose levels on the glucose tolerance test (GTT) that successively equals to 27.62 and 22 to 21%. Analysis of short chain fatty acids include butyric acid, propionate and acetate from the cecum digesta using Gas Chromatography (GC). SCFA were analyzed, namely acid acetate, propionate acid and butyric acid. Acetic acid has the highest average levels is compared with propionate acid and butyric acid
Keywords: water soluble polysaccharide (WSP), Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, Gas chromatography (GC), Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA).
