ABSTRAK
Balita membutuhkan makanan dengan cukup gizi demi masa depan mereka
agar tidak terkena penyakit-penyakit yang berhubungan gizi. Berdasarkan data Dinas
Kesehatan Kota Medan ditemukan 2650 penderita gizi kurang dan 154 penderita gizi
buruk. Kecamatan Medan Helvetia merupakan tingkat persentase terbesar di Kota
Medan yaitu 13,7 % dan memiliki 7 kasus gizi buruk.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga
(pendidikan orang tua, pendapatan keluarga, pekerjaan orang tua, besar keluarga) dan
dukungan sosial (dukungan emosional, dukungan instrumental, dukungan
informasional, dukungan penghargaan) terhadap pemberian makanan balita Penelitian
ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan jenis
eksplanatory reaserch populasi
sebesar 4985 dan sampel sebesar 118 ibu yang memiliki balita. Data diperoleh
dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, dan dianalisis dengan
regresi logistik
berganda
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang
tua, dukungan informasional dan dukungan emosional secara statistik memiliki
pengaruh terhadap pemberian makan pada balita dengan faktor yang paling dominan
adalah dukungan informasional.
Perlunya peningkatan dukungan sosial dari semua elemen masyarakat dalam
pemberian makan balita di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia Kota Medan. Meningkatkan
peran para petugas, khususnya di bagian kesehatan ibu dan anak, dalam pelayanan
agar lebih memberi dukungan secara emosional dan menyampaikan informasi yang
lebih jelas kepada ibu yang memiliki balita tentang pemberian makan pada balita
Kata Kunci : Balita, Karakteristik Keluarga, Dukungan Sosial
ABSTRACT
Children under five years old need food with sufficient nutrition for the sake
of their future so that they will not be affected by diseases related to nutrition. Based
on the data of the Health Office, Medan, it is found 2650 children under five years
old were malnutrition and 154 children under five years old were severe
malnutrition. Medan Helvetia Subdistrict has the highest percentage of malnutrition
in Medan (13.7%) and has seven cases of severe malnutrition.
The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of family
characteristics (parents’ education, family income, parents’ occupation, and family
size) and social support (emotional support, instrumental support, informational
support, and rewarding support) on feeding children under five years old. The
research was observational with an explanatory research method. The population
was 4985 mothers who had children under five years old, and 118 of them were used
as the samples. The data were gathered by conducting interviews with questionnaires
and analyzed by using multiple logistic regression tests.
The result of the research showed that the factors of parents’ education,
parents’ occupation, informational support, and emotional support statistically had
influence on feeding children under five years old; the most dominant factor was
informational support.
It is recommended that social support from all elements of community in
feeding children under five years old in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict, Medan. It is also
recommended that the role of health workers, especially those who were concerned
with mother and child health, should be improved, emotional support in providing the
service should be increased, and information about feeding children under five years
old to their mothers should be clear.
Keywords: Children under F ive Years Old, F amily Characteristics, Social Support
