STUDENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING
AT
STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 PURWOREJO
ARTICLE PUBLICATION
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Magister Degree
in Educational Management Department
By:
Ida Festiani Arkimawati
Q.100.100. 220
POSTGRADUATE OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
ACCEPTANCE
STUDENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING
AT
STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 PURWOREJO
HAS BEEN APPROVED BY:
Consultant I Consultant II
Prof. Dr. Bambang Sumardjoko Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum
POSTGRADUATE OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
STUDENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING
AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 PURWOREJO
By:
Ida Festiani Arkimawati 1, Bambang Sumardjoko2, and Sigit Haryanto3 1
Teacher of State Junior High School 2 Purworejo, 2Lecturer of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 3Lecturer of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta
Abstract
This research aims at acknowledging (1) Students’ characters of learning at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo (2) Students’ characters of learning in non-academic discipline at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo, dan (3) Students’ excellence characters of learning at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo in academic discipline or non-academic discipline as well. The research is a qualitative inqury that conducted at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo. Primary subjects of the research were a headmaster, teachers and students. The research utilised proficiency of data collection i.e. in-depth interviews, observations and documentations. Meanwhile proficiency of data analysis in this research utilised analysis model i.e. data collection, data reduction, data presentation and concise. In the meantime validity of this research used data trianguality. The study showed (1) Learning at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo refered to development of the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP). Teaching and learning process used two languanges (bilingual). The learning was conducted using multimedia basis. Learning method was inovative utilising e-learning basis and moving class learning model leaded to grow actively student’s character of learning in academic discipline and encouraged students to participate in learning activities enthusiastically. (2) Implementation of extracurricular activities was commenced by program establishment and budget plan as well as prestige basis. Meanwhile a guide teacher of extracurricular activities must be a professional one in its field. A teacher role is as a consultant, motivator and faslitator. Karawitan (a type of music) changed to become intracurricular subject as a proof of cultural love. Thus the accomplishments encouraged the student to achieve masteries in regional level and national level as well. A competition participant would get particular counselling of lessons from teachers outside of learning and teaching process. Developing extracurricular activities at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo was in appropriate with interests and talents of students and led them to achieve maximumly. (3) Conducting teachers’ characters as professional teachers who always applied their characters based on RPP and teachers’ role plays. OSIS work programes using vision of “the love gains the future” were implementation of character development consisted of 18 character values as developed character reflection of curiculum centre, development and cultural educaton & nation character: School guidance, 2009: 9-10. Proving State Senior High School 1 Purworejo as an excellent character school in its academic and non-academic fields.
INTRODUCTION
Name of State Senior High School 1 Purworejo is no stranger in the area of Purworedjo particularly, also in Central Java province, and even at the national level. State Senior High School 1 Purworejo formerly named SMA B/C Kedu Selatan in Purworedjo. It was built based on the initiative, effort and struggle of
Keluarga Besar Tentara Pelajar (KBTP) Det III Brigade 17 in 1954. Later
became SMA Negara Purworejo in 1955. At the time, it was the only state high school in the South Kedu, even being the only high schools in Indonesia that were located in the capital of district, because in general, the State High School was located in the capital of residency or the provincial capital.
At the beginning of the school year of 1954/1955, State Senior High School 1 Purworejo accepted students in four classes, and the classroom stayed in SR Cemara, then by Regent of Purworedjo given a more viable space in Gedung Balai Rakyat (Hall of the People), and now occupies an ideal school complex in Kutoarjo street (now Tentara Pelajar 55 street), Middle Pangenjuru village. And now, it becomes the local assets as the top school and favorite school.
State Senior High School 1 Purworejo progress is increasingly visible since the decade of the 80s with the success of students that are accepted in public universities. At that time was ranged about 50-60% for graduated students who accepted. Now, after more than half a century, in 2012 approximately 92% of students accepted in the favorite public and private colleges and also State official Academy, from the graduation rate is always hundred percent.
Curriculum dynamics at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo amended eight times during the long journey of national education in the era of independence until today: (1) 1947 Lesson Plans, (2) 1964 Lesson Plans, (3) 1968 Curriculum, (4) 1975 curriculum, (5) 1984 Curriculum, (6) 1994 Curriculum, (7) 2004 curriculum, and (8) the Education Unit Level Curriculum and its development.
and contextual. This means that learning occurs within the individual in accordance with its development and the environment.
In teaching and learning activities, students are the subject and object of those activities. Therefore, the core of teaching process is the students’ activities of learning to achieve the objectives. Of course the teaching objectives will be achieved if the students are active to achieve it. Djamarah (2004: 44) states that learning is essentially "changes" that occur in a person after the expiration of learning activities. Despite not all changes including the category learning.
Learning is essentially a conscious activity by a person who produces behavioral changes in themselves, either in the form of new knowledge and skills, in the form of positive attitudes and values. Hamalik (2010: 45) defines learning as a change in behavior through activities, practices and experiences. In the world of teacher, learning is very important, because it involves the teaching and learning process. In the learning process, the parties directly involved are students and teachers. The teacher serves as a teacher, while the students as individuals who learn and be required to obtain maximum learning achievement.
Slameto (2010: 73) argues, "Many students fail to learn because they do not have the result of a good learning culture. They mostly just memorize the lessons". Many people learn with difficulty, but did not get any results, only failures are encountered. The cause is because they have irregular and undisciplined learning, as well as less excited, do not know how to focus on studying, ignore timing issues in learning, not enough rest and sleep.
Learning difficulties are not only caused by low intelligence, but also non-intelligence factors. These factors can be derived from the student (internal) or from outside the student (external). Internal factors that can lead to learning difficulties such as health factor, disability, intelligence, talents, interests, mental health, and special types of learning. While external factors, it can be in the form of the influence of family environment, school and community (Ahmadi and Supriyono, 2004: 78).
learning process that is based on the philosophy of making strong school leadership with a strong and dynamic teamwork and a culture of quality, supported by the safe and orderly environment, and uphold the principle of accountability reflected in the vision and mission of the school.
State Senior High School 1 Purworejo prepares students based on the National Standards of Education (SNP) in Indonesia and international level so that graduates are expected to have the capability of international competitiveness. Average test scores of students ranked first in district level and the eight in provincial level. This shows that the students of State Senior High School 1 Purworejo have a good character study.
There are several previous studies according to students’ characteristic of learning, such as the study of Malik and Agarwal (2012) in their study entitled "Use of Multimedia as a New Educational Technology Tool-A Study ". This study discusses the use of multimedia in learning. The use of multimedia in learning is not limited by space and time so that it can be used anywhere and anytime, although the existence of multimedia is not limited by the space and time of teacher and students. While in the learning process required the interaction between teachers and students.
Kenny Chen Sung and Cheng (2005), in their study entitled " The design of instructional multimedia in e-Learning: A Media Richness Theory-based
approach". The research discusses the development of computer and internet
technology in learning. The use of computers and Internet is called e-learning which is one of the important methods of learning. The use of multimedia in learning is able to attract students’ attention in participating the teaching and learning activity. Although the use of multimedia requires no small cost so that not all schools use it in learning.
Jian Wang, Emily Lin, and Elizabeth Spalding (2008) in their study entitled "Learning Effective Instructional Strategies in a Workshop Context: Lessons about Conceptual Change from Chinese English Teachers". This study
Sunday A. Adeyemo (2010) in his study entitled " The relationship between students’ participation in school based extracurricular activities and their achievement in physics". Results of this study suggest that there is a positive relationship between students who take extracurricular with students’ academic achievement. The reason is that by joining extracurricular activities can help students to channel their interests and talents to excel.
Stephanie E. Pitts (2008) in his study entitled "Extra-curricular Music in UK Schools: Investigating the Aims, Experiences and Impact of Adolescent
Musical Participation". This study discusses the impact of students' participation
in extracurricular activities particularly the music in the UK School. The results showed that the participation of students in extracurricular activities can provide a positive impact that is students’ skill improvement in playing music characterized by the enhancement of achievement obtained.
Srivastava and Misra (2012) in their study entitled " Is Spriritual Quotient A Beter Tool Of Success: Spirituality In The New World Order" states that
between IQ, EQ and SQ influence each other. The presence of SQ and EQ in a person helps to improve his intelligence that makes that person to be creative, insightful, making or breaking the rules of thought.
King, Mara and Decicco (2012) in their study entitled "Connecting the Spiritual and Emotional Intelligences: Confirming an Intelligence Criterion and
Assessing the Role of Empathy" stated that there is a significant relationship
between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence.
Tadkiroatun musfiroh (as cited by Arismantoro, 2008: 34), in a study entitled "Character Building," stated that the educational method through the left brain with the memorization concept (memorization in learning), mechanical in the form of a drill, should be changed with methods that more emphasis on right brain with feelings, love, and habituation and practice virtue in the family and school.
There were three research subfocuses. Those are (1) How are students’ characteristics of learning in the academic field at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo?; (2) How are students’ characteristics of learning in non-academic field at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo?; and (3) How are the characteristics of excellent in student learning both in academic and non-academic fields at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo?
The general purpose of this research is to know students’ characteristics of learning at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo. Because as one of the top schools, State Senior High School 1 Purworejo has students and teachers who have specific teaching and learning character for improving students achievement both in academic and non-academic fields.
Specifically this study has three purpose: (1) To describe students’ characteristics of learning in the academic field at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo. (2) To describe students’ characteristics of learning in non-academic field at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo. (3) To describe the characteristics of excellent in student learning both in academic and non-academic fields at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo.
METHOD
Based on the research focus, the right kind of research was a qualitative or naturalistic research. With naturalistic research, the situation on the ground will still be natural, reasonable, and there is no manipulation, adjustment, or experimentation (Harsono, 2008: 155).
This study used an ethnographic approach. Ethnographic research activity involves learning about the world of people who have learned to see, hear, speak, think, and act in different ways. So ethnographic does not only study communities, but more than that, an ethnographic learns from the community (Spradley, 2007: 4).
excellent school in Purworejo Regency, as well as having the good achievements both in academic and non-academic fields.
Sources of data in this investigation were the principal, teachers and students at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo. Data collection method used in depth-interview, observation, and documentation. Spradley (cited by Harsono, 2008: 162) said that in-depth interviews can have a meaning of combination between the descriptive, structural, and contrast questions. Observation is a technique or a way of collecting data by observing ongoing activities (Sukmadinata, 2007:220). Documents is indispensable as an instrument to find the source of the data for the document can be used to examine, interpret, even to predict. A documentary study is a data collection technique to collect and analyze documents, whether written, images or electronic documents (Sukmadinata, 2007:221).
Data analysis techniques used in this research is an interactive model of analysis. According to Miles and Huberman (2004:16), this model has three analysis components—data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion that are done by an interactive form with a data collection process as a cycle.
Qualitative way of thinking is that the information can be categorized as valid information if it has a same information characteristic with several sources (Harsono, 2011: 35). To test whether the data are valid or not, this study used a triangulation. Triangulation used in this research is the triangulation of source, that is by compare and re-check the degree of confidence of any information that gained through time and different tools in qualitative research
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION THEORY
Students’ Characteristics of Learning in Academic Field at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo
during the learning process. Students’ characteristics of learning in academic field are very active, creative and innovative. Therefore, the students are enthusiastic and fun in participating learning activities. In addition to being enthusiastic and fun, the students take it consciously because according to their principle, "learning is a necessity of life that many students deepen their knowledge by following tutoring or courses. The students are also active in following up on tasks assigned by the teacher as well and also always finish it as good as possible both individually and as a group.
State Senior High School 1 Purworejo, as an Ex-RSBI school, has a different learning activities with other schools in general. The real difference appeared is the students' activities of learning that are very motivated to learn. Students looked very diligent in learning, especially in understanding the subject matter presented by the teacher. Besides the exemplary of professional teachers, they are also competent in their field. The subject matter presented in State Senior High School 1 Purworejo use bilingual language. Subjects which use bilingual language, among others, for science major: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, and ICT. For IPS major: Accounting Subject, Geography, History, Mathematics, and ICT. Therefore, students have high motivation to study harder so that they understand the material being taught by teachers because there are some materials taught in English.
being supported by safe and orderly environment, and upholding the principle of accountability reflected in the vision and mission of the school.
Characteristics of learning at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo are done in a multimedia-based learning. The point is, multimedia is a combination of several elements of information that can be text, images, sound, animation, and video. Multimedia learning is usually by utilizing Internet. The goal is to develop students' knowledge of the subject matter that is not well understood.
The use of multimedia in learning is very helpful to teachers and students in teaching and learning process. A study conducted by Malik and Agarwal (2012), entitled "Use of Multimedia as a New Educational Technology Tool-A Study ". This study discusses the use of multimedia in learning. The use of
multimedia in learning is not limited by space and time so that it can be used anywhere and anytime, although the existence of multimedia is not limited by the space and time of teacher and students. While in the learning process required the interaction between teachers and students.
There are similarities and differences between research conducted by Malik and Agarwal (2012) with the results of this study. Both of those studies discussed about the use of multimedia in learning in which the use of multimedia in learning is not limited by space and time, so that it can be used anywhere and anytime. And the difference is in the research of Malik and Agarwal (2012) does not explain the type of multimedia such as what is used in learning.
The teachers at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo used the internet as an instructional media. The Internet was used to improve teachers 'and students' understanding of the subject matter and could also be used to collect assignments through e-mail.
Instructional methods used by teachers in State Senior High School 1 Purworejo were the innovative instructional methods. One of them was e-learning. It was a teaching method which was done through the electronic facilities or done online via the internet.
Kenny Chen Sung and Cheng (2005) in their study entitled " The design of instructional multimedia in e-Learning: A Media Richness Theory-based
technology in learning. The use of computers and Internet is called e-learning which is one of the important methods of learning. The use of multimedia in learning is able to attract students’ attention in participating the teaching and learning activity. Although the use of multimedia requires no small cost so that not all schools use it in learning.
There are similarities and differences between the research of Chen Sung and Kenny Cheng (2005) with the results of this study. Both of those studies discussed about the use of the internet and computers in e-learning. The difference is that in this study does not discuss about the implementation of learning and how to use e-learning.
In learning activities, it requires the instructional models that are tailored to the subjects to be taught. One widely used model of learning is moving class. It is one of the learning systems that every subject matter teachers are ready to teach in classes according to their subjects, so that when the turn of the lessons, teachers do not need to come to the classroom, but students who do it.
Students’ Characteristics of Learning in Non-Academic Field at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo
Characteristics of non-academic student learning in this study is the realization of a positive development of students as the intellectual, social, emotional and ethical individual, in teaching and learning activities outside of the effective school hours to develop self-potential of students in developing knowledge learned with a personality in the form of skills, attitudes, habits, intelligence and motivation for learning activities outside the effective learning hours, i.e. in extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities are educational activities outside of school subjects to assist the development of students according to the need, potential, talent, and interest through activities that are specifically organized by teachers or highly skilled education personnel and have authorities at school. Extracurricular activities should be programmed so that its implementation can run effectively and school goals can be achieved.
Extracurricular activities were school activities in non-academic field that were able to support the activities in the academic field. Extracurricular activities program began with the creation of any extracurricular activities to be held at the school. After that, the school also made a financial budget plan to fund the extracurricular activities. Because extracurricular at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo was an achievement-based activity, so that school always try to involve the students in each competition according to activities students follow.
In State Senior High School 1 Purworejo, there were several types of extracurricular activities that could be undertaken by students included the arts field such as band, karawitan, dance and theater. Students were also able to attend extracurricular sports such as basketball, soccer, tennis, and volleyball. For English, there were a debate and English camp. In addition, for students who were creative and love with the technology, the school also offered ICT extracurricular.
Sunday A. Adeyemo (2010) in his study entitled " The relationship between students’ participation in school based extracurricular activities and their achievement in physics". Results of this study suggest that there is a positive relationship between students who take extracurricular with students’ academic achievement. The reason is that by joining extracurricular activities can help students to channel their interests and talents to excel.
Sunday A. Adeyemo’s study (2010) has similarities and differences with the results of this study. Both of those studies discussed about the benefits that can be obtained with the participation of students in extracurricular activities. And the difference is, in this research, the extracurricular activities are done in an
achievement-based activity.
Stephanie E. Pitts (2008) in his study entitled "Extra-curricular Music in UK Schools: Investigating the Aims, Experiences and Impact of Adolescent
Musical Participation". This study discusses the impact of students' participation
in extracurricular activities particularly the music in the UK School. The results showed that the participation of students in extracurricular activities can provide a positive impact that is students’ skill improvement in playing music characterized by the enhancement of achievement obtained.
Stephanie E. Pitts’s study (2008) has similarities and differences with the results of this study. Both of these studies discussed about extracurricular activities at school that can provide a positive impact for students who join it. The difference in this study, it is accompanied by evidence of student achievement that following extracurricular activities.
In State Senior High School 1 Purworejo, there is an extracurricular activity that has become a subject in curricular activities, i.e. karawitan. It has a goal of fostering love of the students in the culture of their ancestors, that is Javanese culture and preserving valuable cultural nation, as well as preparing the eleventh grade students to always be ready when the school has a guest from outside of school or abroad, to do welcoming ceremony.. The change became one of the prominent differences in extracurricular activities at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo with other schools.
The Characteristics of Excellent For Student Learning Both In Academic
And Non-Academic Fields at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo
Spiritual or emotional intelligence is an intelligence to deal with issues of meaning or value to put our lives and behavior in the context of the broader meaning and rich.
motivate ourselves, and the ability to manage emotions in ourselves and in relationships with others.
A study conducted by King, Mara and Decicco (2012) in their study entitled "Connecting the Spiritual and Emotional Intelligences: Confirming an Intelligence Criterion and Assessing the Role of Empathy" stated that there is a
significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence. The reason is the high spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of a person then that person is able to control its emotion and maximize potential.
The research of King, Mara and Decicco (2012) has similarities and differences with the results of this study. Both of those studies discussed about the spiritual intelligence. The difference is that this study described what spiritual intelligence obtained by the students at the school.
Spiritual Quotient (SQ) and Emotional Quotient (EQ) are the necessary foundation for functioning IQ effectively. SQ and EQ are needed to give a spiritual meaning to the thought, behavior and activities in a comprehensive manner. This is consistent with the view that if the ratio and emotion gives human the technical advantages and needed to navigate the world of life, so spirituality gives meaning to human actions. In education, it requires the activities to increase the SQ and EQ of students.
Another study conducted by Srivastava and Misra (2012) in their study entitled " Is Spriritual Quotient A Beter Tool Of Success: Spirituality In The New World Order" states that between IQ, EQ and SQ influence each other. The presence of SQ and EQ in a person helps to improve his intelligence that makes that person to be creative, insightful, making or breaking the rules of thought.
State Senior High School 1 Purworejo has activities that can improve the SQ and EQ of students. Such activities contained in the work program of Students Council with its eight subsections—Piety Against God Almighty (KTTYME), life of the nation (KBB), Basic Education for National Defense (PPBN), life of noble character (KBPL), Organize Political Education and Leadership (BPPK), Skills and Entrepreneurship (KK), Physical Freshness and Creative Power (KJDK), and Appreciation Perception and Art Creation (PAKS).
CONCLUSION
The results of this research are (1) Learning activity at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo refers to the development of the Education Unit Level Curriculum (SBC). Teaching and learning activity uses bilingual language and based on multimedia. The innovative learning method, e-learning, and moving class are able to create a very active students’ characteristics of learning in academic field and they are enthusiastic in following learning activity.
Extracurricular activities begin with preparing the program, budget plan, and based on achievement with the types of extracurricular activities involving the arts (band, musical, dance and theater), sports, English and ICT. The assistant teachers for extracurricular activities are professional teachers in their major. Their roles are as a consultant, motivator, and facilitator. Karawitan turns into curricular subject as a proof of cultural love. Students get achievement both in regional and national levels. Students who will join a competition get special guidance from teachers outside of teaching and learning activities. Extracurricular activities at State Senior High School 1 Purworejo have been developed based on students’ interest and talent and have a maximum achievement.
(13) Friendly / Communicative, (14) Democratic, (15) Love Peace, (16) Joy of Reading, (17) Environment Concern, and (18) Social Care as the evident that State Senior High School 1 Purworejo is an excellent characterized school both in academic and non academic fields.
There are such recommendations addrressed to school, teachers, students, and researcher. For school, the good learning management should be maintained so that the purpose of learning can be achieved; to provide all the facilities that support the implementation of academic and non-academic learning, and to increase teachers’ competent both in academic and no-academic fields. For teachers, to improve their ability to do a good learning both in academic and
non-academic fields, and to monitor every activity of students both in the intra-curricular and extraintra-curricular activities. For students, should be active in academic and non-academic fields. For researcher, there are many studies that have not been touched in this study, therefore, for further research can enrich the study in this research.
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