THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING REPORT TEXT.

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THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON

STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING REPORT TEXT

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

AYU SETIAWATI

Registration Number: 2112121002

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The greatest gratitude is expressed to Allah SWT, the Almighty and Most Beneficial for His Grace, Guidance, Praise, Honor, and Mercy that has been given to the writer so that she finally accomplishes her thesis entitled: “The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Students’ Achievement in Writing Report Text.”

This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).

In completing this thesis, the writer realized that she faced some problems and she had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments and got a lot of assistance and moral support from many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude and special thanks to:

 Prof. Dr. H. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., The Head of English and Literature Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department, and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Program, and Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum., completing this thesis. Without their knowledgeable and their excellent advice, the writer would never have been able to complete this thesis.

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ABSTRACT

Setiawati, Ayu. 2112121002. The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Students’ Achievement in Writing Report Text. A Thesis. English Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan. 2015.

This study dealt with the effect of Problem-Based Learning on students’ achievement in writing report text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this study was the students of SMA Negeri 21 Medan, Academic Year 2014/2015. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by using Problem-Based Learning while the control group was taught by using Lecturing Method. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis result showed that the mean scores of the students in the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant α= 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 38 with t-observed value 4.28> t-table value 2.024. The result of this study showed that teaching writing by using Problem-Based Learning was higher than that taught by using Lecturing Method.

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 1.1 Students’ English Score ... 2

Table 2.1 Scoring of Writing Test in Report Text ... 11

Table 3.1 Research Design ... 23

Table 3.2 The Procedure of Treatment in Experimental Group ... 31

Table 3.3 The Procedure of Treatment in Control Group ... 33

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

APPENDIX A The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test in Experimental Group ... 50

APPENDIX B The Score of Pre-Test and Post-Test in Control Group ... 51

APPENDIX C The Reliability of The Test... 52

APPENDIX D The Calculation of t-test ... 54

APPENDIX E Percentage Points of the T Distribution ... 57

APPENDIX F Pre-Test and Post-Test in Experimental and Control Group ... 58

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Writing is an activity done to change the idea in written language effectively. Through writing people can express their experiences, and social identities which focus on the contents, ideas, and written products. Therefore, writing involves human actively thinking about ideas. Using good and correct language is important so that the readers can understand the writing easily. By that reason, it shows that writing is an important skill that must be mastered.

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Table 1.1

Students’ English Score of Grade XI in SMA Negeri 21 Medan

Semester Score Students Percentage Mean

1th Semester 2014/2015 <70 23 70% 69

≥70 10 30%

2nd Semester 2014/2015 <70 21 64% 69

≥70 12 46%

The Minimal Completeness Criteria (KKM) applied for Grade XI is 70. From the data above, the teacher still use one of the conventional methods, that is Lecturing Method in teaching learning process and it can be concluded that the students’ ability in writing is still low. It can be seen from the mean of the

students’ score where the mean still under the Minimal Completeness Criteria

(KKM) and it is needed to be enhanced.

So it can be concluded that the writing skill of the students in SMA Negeri 21 Medan is still low. One of the causes of that problem was the students felt difficult in organizing a good text and wrote it by using their own words for a certain types of writing such as report. The writer found that many of students still often wrote incomplete texts and did not know how to arrange the good sentence with the correct grammatical pattern as well as the generic structures of report text itself. They also had limited number of vocabulary in writing. The students could not be independent when they were asked to write a report text.

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Suyanto (2007) as quoted by Hiew (2010) explains that writing ability is very difficult, because involving ability or mastery of grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. This is skills or logical way of thinking and skill arrange words into meaningful sentences. Therefore writing skill of the students is needed to be enhanced.

Writing is related with many kinds of text, but in this study the writer wants to focus on report text. Since, report text is one of genres that are taught in Senior High School. Report text has purpose that to report and to present something, just like the way it is. Report text describes the way of certain things, such as to phenomenon of natural or non-natural, animal, human and scientific object. By report text the student can develop their knowledge about something. Then, deliver something important to share that becomes good information in written form. The second grade of Senior High School should have competence in writing report text as stated in the syllabus. Besides that, in daily life the student cannot be separated from give the information to another. Student need to know report text deeply because it can make the student give or share the information in written form around their life, such as phenomenon that happen in environment. It can be a problem in student life and can be lift as a topic of why that phenomena can happen and the student should looking for the information to solve it of why it is happening. Then to solve the problem and can make the student able to make a report text well is by using Problem-Based Learning.

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ability in teaching learning process. In Problem-Based Learning, students learn by solving problems and reflecting on their experience. According to Hilman, Wendy (2003) states that instruction about problem solving in the classroom is a process whereby students are presented with a problem and it is solved by the end of the lesson. So, it can be concluded that Problem-Based Learning is a group of teaching learning process that is focused to the process of the problem solving which is faced scientifically. It can help students in solving a problem around them and make the student able to create a good report text. By using this model the student will solve the problem together in their group and discuss each other so that their ideas and information can be developed. So, through Problem-Based Learning, it is expected that students are able to write well especially report text.

B. The Problem of the Study

Referring to the background of the study, the problem of the study is formulated as

the following: “Is the students’ achievement in writing report text taught by

Problem-Based Learning higher that taught by using Lecturing Method?

C. The Objective of the Study

This study is intended to find out whether student’s achievement in writing

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D. The Scope of the Study

There are some kinds of models in learning which can be applied to enhance the students’ achievement in writing. One of the models used in this

research is Problem-Based Learning, because Problem-Based Learning is focused on a problem which becomes the main thing to stimulate the student and enhance their knowledge. So, this study focused on applying Problem-Based Learning to find out Students’ Achievement in writing report text.

E. The Significance of the Study

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the data, it was concluded that there is a significant effect by using Problem-Based Learning on students’ achievement in writing report text, since tobserved > ttable (4.28> 2.024; df= 38, α = 0.05). The used of Problem-Based Learning in writing report text, the student able to explore their ideas with their own words and as a stimulus through problem to increase their creativity in writing included the level of vocabulary development and able to give suggestions and comments in teaching process. it can help students more be active. It means the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted because there was a significant effect of using Problem-Based Learning on students’ achievement in writing report text.

B. Suggestions

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often by using Problem-Based Learning technique since it can enhance the

students’ achievement in report writing. And the last to other researcher, this

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Retrieved on April 29, 2015

THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING REPORT TEXT.