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u d u jr e b g n a y l e v o n h a u b e s n a k r a s a d r e b i n i i s p ir k S . g n a r a k e s a g g n i
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s baga ibagian utama dar isk irpsi ini .Yang petrama adalah ,membua tdatfa r k
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t dar iRebecca Bloomwood ,yang akan dibag imenjad i itga a
i g a
b n .Yang kedua adalah bagaimana perliaku konsumen tercermin melalu i c
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
E G A P E L T I
T ... i
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ... ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ... iii
I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
L ... vi
E G A P O T T O
M ... v
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... vi
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... iiv
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... xi
T C A R T S B
A ... x
K A R T S B
A ... ix
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ... 1 .
A Backgroundoft hes tudy ... 3 .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 3.. .
C Objecitve soft heStudy ... 4 .
D De ifniitono fTerm s ... 4....
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ... 6 .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudie s ... 6 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s ... 7 .
1 Theoryo fCharacte randCharacteirzaiton ... 8 .
2 Theoryo fConsume rbehavio r ... 10 .
3 Theoryo fCompulsiveConsumpiton ... 12 .... .
4 Theoryo fCredi tCardandDebi tCard ... 4.. 1 .
C Theoreitca lFramework ... 16
Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ... 18 .
A Objec toft heStudy ... 18 .... .
B Approacht ot heStudy ... 19 .
C Methodoft heStudy ... 19 ....
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ... 21 .
A Characteirsitc so fRebeccaBloomwood ... 12 .
1 Fashionable ... 12 .
2 Shopahoilc ... 42 .
3 IrresponsibleandI mmature ... 72 .
B TheConsume rbehaviori sRelfectedt hroughRebecca ... 23 .
C Thei mpact so fConsume rbehavio r ... 04 .
1 Deb t ... 04 .
2 DependencyonCard s ... 64
: V R E T P A H
C CONCLUSION ... 15
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ... 45
I D N E P P
A X ... 65
l e v o N e h t f o y r a m m u
x
T C A R T S B A
. n a w a n u G i t n a y a r d n I a il li c i
C TheImpact soft heConsumerBehaviorRevealed s
’ a ll e s n i K e i h p o S n i r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t h g u o r h
t Confession so fShopahoilc.
, r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e D : a tr a k a y g o
Y Facu tly o fLetter ,Universtiy o fSanata .
2 1 0 2 , a m r a h D
d n a e u rt h t o b s n i a t n o c h c i h w s k r o w y r a r e ti l f o d n i k e n o s i l e v o n A
t n e v e l a n o it c
if s .Thei ssuewhichi salway sdiscussedi sabou teconomy .Consume r r
o i v a h e
b ist he t hing t ha tpeopledo every day and canno t ilve wtihout . tI i s ilke e s u a c e b s i c i p o t s i h t s e s o o h c r e ti r w e h t y h w n o s a e r e h T . y ti v it c a y li a d e h t
m o n o c
e y stli lput sani mpo trantr oleunit lnow ,especially theconsume rbehavior . d
e lt it n e l e v o n a n o d e s a b s i s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h
T Confession so faShopahoilc
, r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a d o o w m o o l B a c c e b e R n o s e s u c o f d n a , a ll e s n i K e i h p o S y b
e s u a c e b , n e s o h c s i k r o w y r a r e ti l s i h T . g n i p p o h s n i n o it c i d d a s a h o h
w consume r
r o i v a h e
b isr elfectedt hrought hi snove.l
a h c i h w s m e l b o r p e e r h t s e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h
T regoingt obeanalyzed ,a s
r e d n u s i h t f o t r a p n i a m e h
t graduatet hesis .Fristi sto il stthecharacter so fRebecca p
e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d e b l li w h c i h w , d o o w m o o l
B atrs .Second i show t heconsume r r
o i v a h e
b i sre lfected through Rebecca Bloomwood .The impact sof consume r r
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b wli lbet he t hrid problem formulaiton which wli lbeexplained ,and t he o
t n i d e d i v i d e b l li w t r a p d ri h
t t wopatrs.
s e c r u o s d e t n ir p h t o b s e s u s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h
T andonilnesources in
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if those sources ,the wrtie r ifnd sou tsome theo ire s h
c i h
w relate ot character ,characteirsitcs ,economy andconsume rbehavior .Socio s
n r e c n o c c i p o t e h t e s u a c e b n e s o h c s i h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i h l a r u tl u
c society ,cutlure ,
.r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t h g u o r h t d e t c e lf e r e r a h c i h w y r o t s i h d n a
s i r e ti r w e h T . n o i s u l c n o c a s a h r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t g n i h s i n if r e tf A
e e r h t o t n i s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ d o o w m o o l B a c c e b e R e d i v i d o t e l b
a patrs .Thef ris tpar t
s
i fashionable,thes econdpatri sshopahoilc ,andt het hridpatri s riresponsibleand E
. e r u t a m m
i achcharacteirsitchasr elaitont oconsume rbehavior .Thi scanbeseen w
o h s i e n o d n o c e s e h T . r o i v a h e b r e h d n a s e c n a r a e p p a r e h m o r
f consume rbehavior
r e ti r w e h T . d o w m o o l B a c c e b e R h g u o r h t d e t c e lf e r s
i also provides severa l
n o it a t o u
q st ha tcan proveRebeccaast hevicitmo fexrtavagantl fiestyle .Thel ast , e
h t f o s t c a p m i e h t s a s m e l b o r p e m o s s e c a f a c c e b e
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e h
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o y c n e d n e p e d d n a t b e
i x
K A R T S B A
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C TheImpact soft heConsumerbehaviorRevealed s
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t Confession so fShopahoilc.
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Y Universtia sSanata Dharma ,
. 2 1 0 2
Nove ladalah salah satu karya sasrta yang mengandung kejadian nyata n
a
d rekaan .Isu yang sel ua l didiskusikan adalah tentang ekonomi .Tingkah laku n
e m u s n o
k adalah ha lyang dliakukan oleh orang-orang seitap hair ,dan mereka s
a p e l a s i b k a d
it .Ha lin isepetr ikegiatan sehair-hair .Alasan mengapa penu il s i
p o t h il i m e
m k ini ,adalah karena ekonom imasih memegang peranan penitng l
u d u jr e b g n a y l e v o n h a u b e s n a k r a s a d r e b i n i i s p ir k S . g n a r a k e s a g g n i
h Confession s
c il o h a p o h S a f
o karangan Sophie Kinsella , dan memfokuskan pada Rebecca n
a r e p i a g a b e s d o o w m o o l
B utama ,yang mempunya ikecanduan belanja .Karya a
n e r a k h il i p i d i n i a rt s a
s perliakukonsumentercerminmelalu inoveli n.i
, s i s il a n a i d n a k a g n a y n a h a l a s a m r e p a g it n a k i s a l u m r o f m e m s il u n e P e
s baga ibagian utama dar isk irpsi ini .Yang petrama adalah ,membua tdatfa r k
it s ir e t k a r a k g n a t n e
t dar iRebecca Bloomwood ,yang akan dibag imenjad i itga a
i g a
b n .Yang kedua adalah bagaimana perliaku konsumen tercermin melalu i c
e b e
R caBloomwood .Akiba tdar iperliakukonsumen akanmenjad ipermasalahan i d a j n e m i g a b i d n a k a i n i a g it e k n a i g a b n a d , n a k s a l e ji d n a k a g n a y a g it e
k d ua
n a i g a
b .
n a k a n u g g n e m i n i i s p ir k
S sumbe r buku-buku dan sumbe r internet . n
a k a n u g g n e m n a g n e
D sumber-sumber tiu ,penuil smenemukan beberapa teor i n
a d , i m o n o k e , k it s ir e t k a r a k , r e t k a r a k n a g n e d n a g n u b u h r e b g n a
y perliaku
n e m u s n o
k .Pendekatan sosio-kutlura lhisto irka ldipiilh karena to pik berurusan n
e
d gans osial ,budayadans ejarahyangt ercerminmelaluit okohutama. n
a it il e n e p n a k i a s e l e y n e m h a l e t e
S ini ,penuil sdapa tmenairk kesimpulan . a
g it i d a j n e m d o o w m o o l B a c c e b e R k it s ir e t k a r a k i g a b m e m t a p a d s il u n e
P bagian
a m a t
u .Yangpe tramaadalahmodis ,yangkeduaadalahpenggliabelanja ,danyang t
h a l a d a a g it e
k idak betranggung jawab setra itdak dewasa. Seitap karakteirsitk n
a g n e d n a ti a k r e
b perliaku konsumen .Ha lin idapa tterilha tdar ipenampliannya d
e k g n a Y . a y n u k a l h a k g n it n a
d uaadalah bagaimanaperliaku konsumentercermin s
il u n e P . d o o w m o o l B a c c e b e R i u l a l e
m juga m ne yediakan beberapa kuitpan yang t
a p a
d membukitkan bahwa Rebecca adalah korban dar igaya hidup yang boros . Yang terakhri , Rebecca menghadap i beberapa masalah , sebaga i akiba t dar i
n e m u s n o k u k a li r e
p ,yang merupakan permasalahan keitga .Bagiani nij ugadibag i i
d a j n e
m d ua bagian ,yatiu mempunya ihutang dan ketergantungan pada ka tru .
ti d e r
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
e d i s n i s n o it o m e d n a s g n il e e f s s e r p x e o t s y a w y n a m f o e n o s i e r u t a r e ti L
n o n r o n o it c if a e b n a c t I . d n i m s ’ y d o b e m o
s - ifciton .Aworkofl tieraturei sat extt ha t
l a i c e p s a s e s u t a h t e r u tl u c s ti y b d e u l a v s
i language ,and tha taffect speople wtih
. ) 1 : 2 8 9 1 , s n o m m i S d n a s g n i m m u C ( e k a s n w o r i e h t y b d e u l a v e r a t a h t s n o it o m e
ll e w s a , k r o w y r a r e ti l t n e r e f fi d a e k a m l li w e r u tl u c t n e r e f fi D
t r o h s , s y a l p , s m e o p , s l e v o n s a h c u s , e r u t a r e ti l f o s d n i k y n a m e r a e r e h T
e ir o t
s s ,essays ,and j ournals .Here,t hi sundergraduatet hesi swli lexploremore abou t
d e lt it n e k o o b s i h n i n o t n a t S t r e b o R o t g n i d r o c c A . m e h t f o e n
o An Introduciton to
n o it c i
F ,a nove lcan present t hedevelopmen to fa person ,and cancreate a complete
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l e v o n e h t f o h t g n e rt s r a il u c e p e h T . s r e t c a r a h c w e f a g n o m a s r e t c a r a h c y n a m
p m o c a r e d n e r o t y ti li b a s ti s
i lex subjec tfully ,to create a complex wo lrd .)
4 4 : 5 6 9 1 , n o t n a t S (
e h t n o d n e p e d h c i h w s t n e v e l a n o it c if d n a e u rt h t o b n i a t n o c o s l a n a c l e v o n A
, k o o b s ’ n o t e l g a E y r r e T n o d e t a t s s i tI . y r o t
s LtieraryTheory :anI ntroduciton.
n a h t n e e t x i s e t a l h s il g n E e h t n
I d ea lry seventeenth centu ires ,the wo lrd
s w e n d n a l e v o N . l a u t c a f d e r e d i s n o c e b o t y l d r a h e r e w s tr o p e r s w e n n e v e
9 1 n o t e l g a E ( l a n o it c if y lr a e l c r o n l a u t c a f y lr a e l c r e h ti e n e r e w t r o p e
r 96 :1 .)
e h t f o e n
O issues tha tarealway sdiscussed i sabou teconomy .I tseems t ha t
k o o b s i h n i d e l e f s u F . R l e i n a D . d e s s u c s i d e b o t g n i d n e o n s a h c i p o t f o d n i k s i h t
d e lt it n
e Economic :Principle so fPoilitca lEconomicalsoclea lrystatedt ha tconsume r
a h e
b v ior is t he t hing t ha tpeople do everydayand canno t ilve wtihout . tI i s ilke t he
d n a e r a fl e w s ’ e n o s e n i m r e t e d e m o c n i y e n o M . g n il l e s d n a g n i y u b t u o b a , y ti v it c a y li a d
a e v a h o t e l p o e p t s o m s e c n e u lf n i y t e i c o s c it s il a ir e t a m s i h T . ) 5 : 8 9 9 1 , d e l e f s u F ( s u t a t s
consume rbehaviorlfiestyleandbecomeaconsumpitveperson.
d e lt it n e k o o b a n i d e t o n o s l a s i
tI Consume rBehaviorbyLeonG .Schfifman
t a h t s e c i v r e s d n a s t c u d o r p e s a h c r u p y a m r e m u s n o c t a h t k u n a K r a z a L e il s e L d n
a they
t c e p x
e wli lsaitsfy the needs ,even these thing sare no tessenita l(Schfifman and
.) 7 : 4 9 9 1 , k u n a K
e c n i s , h s i w s ’ e n o y r e v e t s o m l a s i y e n o m e r o m g n i n r a e , a r e n r e d o m s i h t n I
t u p y m o n o c
e s the impo tran teffor tin daliy lfie .Some o fthe society canno t ilve
t ,r e v o e r o M . e l y t s e fi l t n a g a v a rt x e t u o h ti
w hi smodern era offer smany easy ways t o
g n i p p o h s o g n a c y e h t , m e h t g n i s u y B . d r a c t i b e d d n a d r a c t i d e r c s i m e h t f o e n O . y a p
. e r o m d n e p s d n a , y li s a
e Int heend,t heyj ust r eailzehow mucht heyhave spent ,ove r
t o n n a c y e h T . d r a c t i d e r c e h t f o t i m il e h
t payof fthebill .s
r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o
C tha trecenlty happened i sre lfected i n a famous l tierary
d e lt it n e k r o
w Confession so faShopahoilcwhichwa sw irttenbySophieKinsella,t he
t s e b s u o m a
e r a y e h
t Confession so faShopahoilc ,Shopahoilc Take sManhattan ,Shopahoilc Tie s
t o n K e h
t ,andShopahoilcandSister ,butt hemos tprope roneist hef ris tone ,because
e h t s t n e s e r p e r
ti consume rbehavior.
, ll a r e v
O Confession so fa Shopaho ilctell sabout the majo rcharacte rnamed
e v if y t n e w t a s i e h S . d o o w m o o l B a c c e b e
R -y -ear old ifnancial j ournailsti n Successfu l
n i e b t o n l li w y e h t o s , e c n a n if r i e h t l o rt n o c o t e n o y r e v e t s e g g u s o t s i b o j r e H . s g n i v a S
e v e e h S . e c n a n if f o t r e p x e n a t o n s i e h s , y ll a u t c A . t b e
d nadmtis t hat .How riony tii s ,
n i n o it c i d d a r e h f o e s u a c e b , e c n a n if n w o r e h g n il l o rt n o c n i e l b u o rt s a h f l e s r e h e h s t a h t
r e h t a h t s k n i h t n e v e r e v e n e h S . g n i p p o h s o g o t t n e p s s i y r a l a s r e h f o l l A . g n i p p o h s
. e l b u o rt g i b a o t n i r e h g n ir b l li w t i b a h
n o s a e r e h
T why t he wrtie rchoose sConfession so fa Shopahoilc si t hat the
d n a s u o r o m a l g a e v a h o t s d n e t y t e i c o s e h t e r e h w , n o d n o L n i e c a l p n e k a t s i g n it t e s
d o o w m o o l B a c c e b e R , l e v o n s i h t f o r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t , e r e H . e l y t s e fi l t n a g a v a rt x e
a r a h c e h t f o h t o b s t n e s e r p e
r cte irsitc .s
.
B ProblemFormula iton
s i e r e h , d e n i a l p x e s a h r e ti r w e h t t a h t y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b o t g n i d r o c c A
. d e z y l a n a e b l li w h c i h w n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t
.
1 Howi st hemaincharacte rdepicted?
.
2 Howi st heconsume rbehaviorre lfectedi nt hemaincharacter?
.
.
C Objec itve soft heStudy
o t d e s u e b l li w h c i h w s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e e r h t s n i a t n o c y d u t s s i h T
t I .r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t e b ir c s e d o t s i e v it c e j b o t s ri f e h T . c i p o t e h t t u o b a e r o m e r o l p x e
s
i usedt oknowdeepe rabou tRebeccaBloomwood .A tfe rknowinghe rcharacte irsitc s
e h t w o h t u o b a s i h c i h w , e v it c e j b o d n o c e s e h t o t e v o m l li w r e ti r w e h t , y l p e e d
r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o
c is r e lfectedi n t he main character .The t hrid objecitve i s t o know
f o s t c a p m i e h
t theconsume rbehaviortowardt hemaincharacterhersel .f
.
D De ifni itono fTerms
s i h t n i d e s u e r a t a h t s m r e t f o s n o it i n if e d e m o s s e d i v o r p r e ti r w e h T
d n a s g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m e m o s d i o v a o t e n o d s i s i h T . s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u
.s n o it a t e r p r e t n i s i m
.
1 ConsumerBehavior
m a ir r e M m o r f n e k a t s i r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o c f o n o it i n if e d e h
T -Webste rin
y n a p m o C a i n n a ti r B a i d e p o l c y c n
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n o it p m u s n o
c o f good s i s economically desriable (http://www.mer iram
-/ y r a n o it c i d / m o c .r e t s b e
w consume rbehavior .)
.
2 Shopahoilc
e h t s a h t i t u b , y r a n o it c i d e h t n i y n a d n if t o n n a c r e ti r w e h t , d r o w s i h t r o F
x if f u
y r a n o it c i
D , t he word workahoilc mean sperson who ha ssrtong desrie t o work hard
x if f u s e h T . ) 6 7 3 1 : 5 9 9 1 , y b n r o H ( g n i k r o w p o t s o t t l u c if fi d s i t i s d n if d n
a –hoilc
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h s d r o w e h t t a h t y a
s opahoilc mean ssomeone who ha sa srtong desrie to shop and
6 I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
s e i d u t s d e t a l e r f o s w e i v e r e m o s s e d i v o r p r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t tr o p p u s o T
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e g u h o t r e h s g n ir b d r a c t i d e r c a r e h g n ir e f f o f o y ti li c a f k n a b e h T . g n i p p o h s
e b l li w d r a c t i d e r c r e h g n i s u f o t c e f f e e h t t a h t k n i h t t o n s e o d e h s t s ri f t A . t b e d
h t ll a l it n u d a b o
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f i sa re lfeciton o f
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A Thesi s o f Ast ird Khariunnisa . In he r
d e lt it n e s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n
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i c it i r C l a e v e R o t a c c e b e R h g u o r h t n e e S n e m o W n o d n o
c il o h a p o h S a f o s n o i s s e f n o C s ’ a ll e s n i K n
i ,she said Rebecca i san independent ,
7 2 : 9 0 0 2 , a s i n n u ri a h K ( n a m o w c il o h a p o h s d n a , h s il y t s , e l b a n o i h s a
f -3 8 .)
r e t c a r a h c e h t t c i p e d d e t a t s e h s t a h t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t ll
A isitco fRebecca .In
d n a h s il y t s , e l b a n o i h s a f , t n e d n e p e d n i n a s a d e r e d i s n o c y lr a e l c s i a c c e b e R , l e v o n s i h t
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S Undergraduate Thesi senitlted The Effec to f
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R th
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r e h g n i z y l a n a y b r e d r o s i D g n i p p o h S e v i s l u p m o C s ’ a c c e b e R t a h t d e n i a l p x e e h S
s h c i h w r e t c a r a h
c how smore than fou rsymptom so fpsychologica lillnes scalled
t I . e m o r d n y s s ’ y k c e B f o e s u a c e m o s s e n if e d o s l a e h S . r e d r o s i D g n i p p o h S e v i s l u p m o C
0 5 : 8 0 0 2 , i p m a T ( y t e i c o s e h t d n a s d n e ir f r o y li m a f r e h y b d e s u a c s
i -5 1 .)
r e ti r w e h t , s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t n
I w ill explore more abou tthe main
r e t c a r a h
c hersefl ,and also t he i mpact so fconsume rbehavior tha tRebecca has .The
.f l e s r e h a c c e b e R d r a w o t s t c a p m i e h t n o s e s u c o f r e ti r w
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheorie .s
e m o s s d e e n r e ti r w e h t , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o
T theo ires from
o o t s e c r u o s d e t n ir
p .Here,t hewrtie rprovides f ourt heo ires .Each t heory i sr elated t o
r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t s i e n o t s ri f e h T . d e t a l u m r o f n e e b e v a h h c i h w s m e l b o r p e e r h t e h t
f o y r o e h t s i e n o d n o c e s e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t d n
f o y r o e h t s i e n o d ri h
t compulsive consumpiton ,and t he l as tone i s t heory o fcredi t
. d r a c t i b e d d n a d r a c
.
1 Theoryo fCharacter
m o r f d e t o u q s i h c i h w r e t c a r a h c t u o b a s i y r o e h t t s ri f e h
T A Glossary o f
s m r e T y r a r e ti
L byAbrams .Thi sonei sf o ranalyzingt hemaincharacteri nt hi snovel .
.r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t n o s e s u c o f h c r a e s e r s i h t e s u a c e b n e s o h c s i r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h T
d n a k o o lt u o s i h n i d e g n a h c n u r o ” e l b a t s “ y ll a it n e s s e n i a m e r y a m r e t c a r a h c A
k r o w e h t f o d n e e h t o t g n i n n i g e b e h t m o r f ,s n o it i s o p s i
d ,o rhemayundergoa
n a f o t l u s e r a s a r o t n e m p o l e v e d l a u d a r g a h g u o r h t r e h ti e e g n a h c l a c i d a r
.) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 , s m a r b A ( s i s ir c e m e rt x e
r e ti r w e h t , y r o e h t s i h t g n i y l p p a y B . s i s e h t s i h t n i d e il p p a e b n a c y r o e h t s i h T
e r a c c e b e R f o r e t c a r a h c e h t r e h t e h w l a e v e r n a
c main sstable f romt he beginning unit l
s e g n a h c r e t c a r a h c r e h r e h ti e r o , y r o t s e h t f o d n e e h
t ,andi fhe rcharacte rchange ,st he
.r e h e c n e u lf n i t a h t s r o t c a f e h t e r a t a h w t u o d n if l li w r e ti r w
t n e r e f fi d e v a h l li w r o h t u a r e h t o n
A idea about theory of character .Fo r
d e lt it n e k o o b a e t o r w o h w n o t n a t S t r e b o R , e l p m a x
e An Introduciton t o Ficiton .He
s i h s i s e o d e h s a g n i v a h e b r o f n o s a e r s ’ r e t c a r a h c a t a h t e t o r
w moitvaiton .Thespeci ifc
n o it a v it o m c i s a b e h T . s u o i c s n o c n u e b n a c t i d n a , n o s a e r e t a i d e m m i e h t s i n o it a v it o m
e u l c w e n h c a e t e l t h g i m r e d a e r d e c n e ir e p x e n A . r e t c a r a h c l a r e n e g s i h f o t c e p s a n a s i
t n u n o it a t e r p r e t n i l a n if a g n i d i o v a d n a , n o i s s e r p m i s i h y fi l a u
q i lhe ha sseen al lthe
e c n e d i v
s d o o W . H l e u m a S d n a r e g r e b r h o R y r a M o t g n i d r o c c a , o s l
A ,Jri n t hei rbook
d e lt it n
e Reading and Wri itng abou t Ltierature , characte r may have paritcula r
s s e c o r p e h T . r e h t o e h t m o r f m e h t h s i u g n it s i d t a h t s e t u b ir tt a l a c i s y h p d n a s e it il a n o s r e p
t s a h h c i h w n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d e ll a c s i r o h t u a y b r e t c a r a h c a g n it a e r c f
o wo p irncipa l
, s e c n a r a e p p a l a c i s y h p e b ir c s e d o t s n a e m t c e ri d s i e n o t s ri f e h T . g n i z ir e t c a r a h c n i s y a w
c it a m a r d s i e n o d n o c e s e h T . c t e , r o l o c r i a h , r o l o c n i k s , t h g i e w , t h g i e h e h t d e d u l c n i
c e h t g n i c a l p n o d e s a b r e t c a r a h c a e z ir e t c a r a h c o t y a w e h t s i h T . s n a e
m haracte rin
s k a e p s d n a s e v a h e b e h r o e h s y a w e h t y b s i e h r o e h s t a h w w o h s o t s n o it a u ti s n i a tr e c
s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R
( , 1971 :20 .)
n i d n u o f s i y r o e h t r e h t o e h
T Understanding Unseen :A n Introduciton to
l e v o N d n a y r t e o P h s il g n
E by M .J .Murphy .There are nine way stha tcan give a
s a , k r o w a n i s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o e m o s g n i z y l a n a n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b d n a r e r a e l c
.s w o ll o f
.
a Persona lDesc irpiton
h c u s , s li a t e d e h t m o r f n e e s e b n a c t I . s e h t o l c d n a s e c n a r a e p p a s ’ n o s r e p a g n i b ir c s e D
.s e y e d n a , n i k s , e c a f e h t s a
.
b Character sass eenbyanother
t e g n a c r e d a e r e h t o s ,r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e D
. e g a m i d e t c e lf e r e h t
.
c Speech
e h t r o f e u l c a s a h c u s s i ti y a s e l p o e p t a h w y b r e t c a r a h c e h t o t n i t h g i s n i n a g n i v i g y B
.
d Pas tLfie
.r e t c a r a h c e h t m o r f s t n e v e r o e fi l t s a p e h t g n i w o n k y b e u l c a g n i v i G
.
e Conversaitono fothers
e h t t u o b a y a s y e h t t a h w d n a , e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c e h t y b e u l c a g n i v i G
.r e t c a r a h c
.f Driec tComment
c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a n o t n e m m o c g n i v i g r o g n i b ir c s e
D te rdrieclty.
.
g Thought
t a h w g n il l e t d n a , t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w s i ti e c n i s d e s u s i e g d e l w o n k t c e ri D
. g n i k n i h t e r a s r e h t o e h t
.
h Manneirsm
l l e t o t l u f e s u e b n a c t I . s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o , s ti b a h , r e n n a m e h t g n i w o n k y b g n i b ir c s e D
c a r a h c e h t t u o b a g n i h t e m o
s t e.r
.i Reacitons
f o s d n i k n i a tr e c o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o h g n i w o n k y b r e d a e r o t e u l c a g n i v i G
1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti
s -173 .)
.
2 Theoryo fConsumerBehavior
r e ti r w e h t t a h t y r o e h t t x e n e h
T wli luse i staken from Consume rBehavio r
g n i v a H g n i y u
B and Being which wa sw irtten by Michae lR .Solomon .He clea lry
t a h t e t o r
w consume rbehavior i sphysiologica lo rpsychologica lwhich depend on
T . n o it p m u s n o c r e h r o s i h r e v
o heproduct sconrtolt heconsumer( Solomon ,2009 :31
-.) 3 3
e z ir e t c a r a h c o t s t n e m e l e n o m m o c e e r h t d e n o it n e m o s l a n o m o l o S . R l e a h c i M
it c u rt s e d r o e v it a g e n y n
a veconsume rbehavio ranexpe irencesrtongf eeilng sofr egre t
.) 3 3 : 9 0 0 2 , n o m o l o S ( d r a w r e tf a t li u g r o
By understanding t he t heory from Michae lR .Solomon, t he wrtie rcan say
r e tf a t h g ir , tl i u g r o t e r g e r f o g n il e e f g n o rt s a e t a e r c n a c r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o c t a h t
. g n i p p o h s
k o o b r i e h t n i k u n a K r a z a L e il s e L d n a n a m f fi h c S . G n o e L , e r o m r e h tr u F
d e lt it n
e Consume rBehavior said tha tconsume rbehavio ri sthe study o fmaking
, s m e ti d e t a l e r n o it p m u s n o c n o ) tr o f f e , y e n o m , e m it ( s e c r u o s e r ri e h t d n e p s o t s n o i s i c e d
e d u l c n i h c i h
w what ,why ,when ,wheretheybuy ti(1994 :7).
d e lt it n e k o o b a o t g n i d r o c c
A Consume rBehavior by Wliilam D .Well sand
e d u l c n i t h g i m r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o c , y k s n e r P d i v a
D someway .s
o t e d i c e d s r e m u s n o c ) 1 ( h c i h w n i s y a w e h t s e d u l c n i r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o C
t a h t s e c i v r e s d n a s t c u d o r p e m u s n o c d n a y u b o t y e n o m d n a e m it r i e h t d n e p s
s r e t e k r a m ) 2 ( ; s d e e n r i e h t y f s it a s l li
w rtyt o offe rproduct sand services t ha t
y c il o p c il b u p ) 3 ( d n a ; m e h t m o r f y u b l li w y e h t t a h t o s s r e m u s n o c y f s it a s l li w
s n o it a l u g e r d n a s w a l e h t d n a , s r e t e k r a m , s r e m u s n o c e c n e u lf n i o t y rt s r o t c a
: 6 9 9 1 , y k s n e r P d n a s ll e W ( s r e t e k r a m d n a s r e m u s n o c t c e f f a t a h
t 5 .)
d e lt it n e k o o b s i h n o e t o r w e h h c i h w n o it i n if e d r e h t o n a d a h e k li W . L m a il li W
r o i v a h e B r e m u s n o
f o g n i s o p s i d d n a , g n i s u , g n i y u b , g n i s o o h c n i e g a g n e e l p o e p s e it i v it c a l a c i s y h p d n a
d n a s t c u d o r
p servicess oast os aitsfyneed sanddesrie( Wlike ,1994 :14 .)
r e m u s n o c f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t d e z ir a m m u s e h , e k li W . L m a il li W y b o s l A
.s y e k n e v e s o t n i r o i v a h e b
.
1 Consume rbehaviori smoitvated. .
2 Consume rbehaviori nclude smanyacitviite .s .
3 Consume rbehaviori saproces .s .
4 Consume rbehavio rva iresi n itmingandcomplextiy. .
5 Consume rbehaviori nvolve sdfiferentr ole .s .
6 Consume rbehaviori si n lfuencedbyexternalf actor .s .
7 Consume rbehavio rdfifersf o rdfiferen tpeople( Wlike ,1994 :14 .)
r w e h t , y r o e h t s i h t g n i s u y
B tie rha san understanding abou tsome kind o f
r e m u s n o c t a h t y a s n a c r e ti r w e h t , tr o h s n I . r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o c f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c
d n a g n i m it n i y r a v , s r o t c a f l a n r e t x e y b d e c n e u lf n i s i h c i h w s s e c o r p a s i r o i v a h e b
e h T . s e it i v it c a y n a s e d u l c n i ti d n a , y ti x e l p m o
c appilcaiton wli lbe found i n Chapte r
o F u .r
t u o b a y r o e h t r e h t o n a t u o s d n if o s l a r e ti r w e h
T consume rbehavior which
d e lt it n e k o o b a n o d e s a b s i s i h T . fl e s ti r o i v a h e b d r o w e h t f o n o it i n if e d e h t n o s e s u c o f
y g e t a r t S g n it e k r a M d n a r o i v a h e B r e m u s n o
C ,which wa swritten by Pau lPete rand
l a c i s y h p s ’ r e m u s n o c a s a d e r e d i s n o c e b n a c r o i v a h e b t a h t e t o r w y e h T . n o s l O . C y r r e J
o t g n i d r o c c a , e r o m r e h tr u F . s r e h t o y b d e r u s a e m d n a e v r e s b o y lt c e ri d n a c t i d n a s n o it c a
p o h s : e s e h t e b n a c r o i v a h e b f o d n i k s i h t f o s e l p m a x e e h t , m e h
t ping a tstore so ron
.
3 Theoryo fCompulsiveConsump iton
s i t i e s u a c e b , n o it p m u s n o c e v i s l u p m o c f o y r o e h t e h t s e k a t o s l a r e ti r w e h T
e h t o t d e t a l e
r soluitono fthe problemf ormulaiton . tI i sf oundonConsume rBehavio r
g n i e B d n a g n i v a H g n i y u
B byMichae lR .Solomon.I nhi sbook ,heclea lrystatess ome
r o e l b a r u s a e l p a s i g n i p p o h s , m e h t r o F . y ll a r e ti l e ti u q ” p o h s o t n r o b “ e r a s r e m u s n o c
e h T .) 2 3 : 9 9 9 1 ( k s a t l a n o it c n u
f word s“born t o shop” l tierally mean some people are
. d e e d n i , e fi l ri e h t e k il s i g n i p p o h S . t a h t t u o h ti w e v il t o n n a c d n a , g n i p p o h s o t d e t c i d d a
s a , e v i s s e c x e n e tf o , g n i p p o h s e v it it e p e r o t s r e f e r n o it p m u s n o C e v i s l u p m o C
s e r p e d , y t e i x n a , n o i s n e t o t e t o d it n a n
a sion ,o rboredom .“Shopaho ilcs” t urn
. l o h o c l a d n a s g u r d o t n r u t e l p o e p d e t c i d d a y a w e h t h c u m g n i p p o h s o t
n e m r e b m u n t u o D S C h ti w d e s o n g a i d y ll a c i n il c n e m o w t a h t s tr o p e r t s i p a r e h T
s a h c u s s m e ti o t d e t c a rt t a e r a n e m o w t a h t e t a l u c e p s y e h T . e n o o t r u o f y b
h t o l
c e sandcosmeitc sa sawayo fenhancingt herii nter-personalr elaitonship .)
2 3 : 9 9 9 1 , n o m o l o S (
e v i s l u p m o c t a h w t u o b a s a e d i e m o s e v i g n a c n o m o l o S y b y r o e h t s i h T
s i h t t u b , r o i v a h e b r e m u s n o c h ti w e m a s e h t t s o m l a s i t I . s i y ll a u t c a n o it p m u s n o c
u s n o c e v i s l u p m o
c mpitongive sanexplanaitoni ndetai.l
s s e k a t r e ti r w e h
T hopahoilc a san example .Shopahoilc i s aperson who h sa
d e t c i d d
a i n shopping ,such a sdrug andalcohol ,especially women .They are usually
. c it e m s o c d n a s e h t o l c e k il , f f u t s n e m o w e m o s o t d e t c i d d a
o w
T explanaiton sabove are qutie simliar .The fris texplanaiton tell stha t
, k s a t l a n o it c n u f r o e l b a r u s a e l p r o f s e m it e m o s s i g n i p p o h
s and the second one ,
d n a , n o i s s e r p e d , y t e i x n a , n o i s n e t o t e t o d it n a n a s a n o it c a e v it it e p e r a s i g n i p p o h s
l p x e e s e h t fI . m o d e r o
l a n o it c n u f r o e l b a r u s a e l p r o f o s l a t u b , s d e e n r i e h t r o f y l n o t o n s i g n i p p o h s n e h w e m it
, g n i p p o h s o g y e h t n e h w s n a e m o s l a t I . k s a
t i tdoe smean t hat t hey do really need t o
g n i h t e m o s y u
b ro ti migh tbef o rpleasureonly.
s r e m u s n o c s e m it e m o s y h w s n o s a e r e h t e b o s l a n a c s i h
T lose thei rconrtol i n
e r a y e h t f i y ll a i c e p s e , g n i h t y r e v e y u b m e h t s e k a m g n i p p o h s d e n n a l p n U . g n i p p o h s
c il o h a p o h s a y ll a c i s a
b .Steine rand Shaprio meniton sin thei rbook enitlted Money
g n i k n a B d n
a tha tmos tofi ndividuals t hink ,count ,and deal i nmoneyt erms ,because
s t c e p s a y r a t e n o m h ti w l a e d s m e l b o r p c i m o n o c
e (1953 :3 .)
.
4 Theoryo fCredi tCardandDebi tCard
g n i y a p n i s y a w t s e i s a e e m o s s r e f f o a r e n r e d o m s i h
T al lstuff ,especially i n
I . n o d n o
L n London ,mos lty people are so trendy .They wea rbette rclothes ,bette r
; s g a b d n a
h becauset hesearehowtheyarej udged ,andhowt heyj udgeothers .Money ,
u o b a k l a t y ll a u s u y e h t c i p o t e r a e c a l p r e g g i b a d n a e c a l p a g n i y u
b t .Lfiei sexpensive
(http/:t/hehappinessprojecltondon.wordpres .scom/2010/02/07/curb-your-consume r
r o i v a h e
b / .)
t o n o d e l p o e p , s y a d a w o
N havet ob irngas umo fmoneywhent heyaregoing
a g n ir b o t d e e n t s u j y e h T . s e c i v r e s r o s t c u d o r p e m o s e s a h c r u p d n a g n i p p o h s o g o t
, e n o d s i y e n o m t u o h ti w n o it c a s n a rt e h t e c n O . d r a c t i b e d r o d r a c t i d e r c s i ti r e h ti e ; d r a c
n I .s ri e h t e r a s t c u d o r p e h t ll a d n
a ordert oeasemore,s omes tore salsoprovide scredi t
w o h s i e r a h s o t g n i o g s i r e ti r w e h t t a h w , e r e H . e n i h c a m d r a c t i b e d r o e n i h c a m d r a c
t g n i d r o c c A . r a l u p o p y l e m e rt x e e r a s d r a c t i d e r
C o a r ecen tAmerican Banke r
t u o o w T . s d r a c t i d e r c e r o m r o e n o y r r a c s d l o h e s u o h S . U 0 1 f o t u o 8 , y e v r u s
e n o e v a h t n e c r e p 6 5 . d r a c t i d e r c l i a t e r e n o t s a e l t a e v a h s d l o h e s u o h e e r h t f o
r o o p a K ( d r a C r e t s a M e n o t s a e l t a e v a h t n e c r e p 7 4 d n a , s d r a c a s i V e r o m r o
d n
a Hughes ,2004 :166 .)
d e ll a c n e tf o e r a s d r a c t i b e
D bank cards ,ATM cards ,cash cards ,and check s
d r a
c .Debi tcard elecrtonically subrtact sfrom you raccoun tat t he momen t s y a l e d d n a t i d e r c s d n e t x e d r a c t i d e r c e h t e li h w , s e c i v r e s r o s d o o g y u b u o y
r u o
y payment( Kapoo randHughes ,2004 :170 .)
e h t n e v E . s d r a c e s o h t n o d n e p e d e l p o e p w o h n i a l p x e e v o b a s e ir o e h t o w T
t i b e d , e li h w n a e M . s d r a c t i d e r c g n i s u e r a o h w e l p o e p e r o m e r a e r e h t t a h t s w o h s y e v r u s
n e h w , s i e c n e r e f fi d e h T . e l p o e p e m o s r o f l u f e s u o s l a s i d r a
c people are paying wtih
t o n s e o d t i , d r a c t i d e r c e li h W . t n u o c c a r i e h t m o r f t c a rt b u s y ll a c it a m o t u a t i , d r a c t i b e d
.r e t a l y a p o t d e e n u o y t u b , y e n o m f o t n u o m a y n a e v a h
e h T . e g a t n a v d a s i d e m o s u o y e v i g n a c d r a c t i d e r c f o g n i s u e h t , w o h e m o S
t e h t s i e n o t s e g g i
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