PERFORMANCE OF BROILER THAT POLLUTED BY CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) FROM BROODER HEATER WITH ADMINISTERED
OF ASCORBIC ACID AND FERROSULFAT (FeSO4)
Andi Mushawwir1 dan Jacki Zakaria2 1
Laboratorium Fisiologi Ternak dan Biokimia Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran, Kampus Jatinangor Sumedang Jabar, email : [email protected]
2
Lingkungan Industri Kecil Jl. Soekarno Hatta Bandung Jawa Barat
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to know effect the various brooder heater and administered ascorbic acid and iron level on performance of broiler.
In this research it has been used 384 broilers. The treatment diets used are the diet with 22%, EM 3200 kkal/kg + 85 mg Fe (R0); diet with protein 22%, EM 3200 kkal/kg + 114 mg Fe (R1); and diet with protein 22%, EM 3200 kkal/kg + 85 mg Fe + 0,5 g ascorbate acid/kg
diet (R3). The experiment design used is Split Plot Design of Fully Randomized Design
Pattern. The main plot were type of heater source and sub plot were levels in diet, each treatment is replicated at 4 times, each replicate consists of 16 broiler.
Based on research showed that used coal briquette heater (P1) with administered 85 mg Fe/kg + 0,5 ascorbic acid/kg diet (R2) indicates the better performance.
Key words : performance, broiler, heater, ascorbic acid, ferrosulfate
INTRODUCTION
An important aspect of broiler brooding period is heater. Utilizing heater from kerosene and coal briquette are material alternative besides from electric. Utilizing heater source its have the impact of negative because carrying carbon monoxide (CO) as residue by burning. By respiration, CO be present at work with oxygen, furthermore binding with iron and than formed new molecule is called carboxy hemoglobin (COHb) with the result that quantity availability iron in blood decreased.
MATERIALS AND METHOD Material and Research Equipment
In this research it has been used 384 broilers. Each 192 DOC (day old chick) fixed to main plot are plot with coal briquette heater and kerosene. Every main plot composed of 12 treatment plot, each replicate consists of 16 broiler.
Feed Material of Ransum Composer
Feed material composition, showed in Table 1.
Table 1. Feed Material of Control Ransum and Treatment
A. Ransum Material Ransum
Nutrien composition and metabolis energy in research ransum, showed in Table 2.
. Table 2. Nutrien composition and metabolic energy in control and Treatment ransum
Nutrient Ransum
Research Variable
Feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, measurement conventionally with weighing of feed and body weight.
Hemoglobin (Hb) level, muscle kreatin, measurement with hematology analyzer and spectrophotometer.
Research Design and Statistical Analysis
This Research using the experiment design used is Split Plot Design of Fully
Randomized Design Pattern. The main plot were type of heater source and sub plot were levels
in diet, each treatment is replicated at 4 times. Heater as main plot, and ransum as subplot.
Main plot were Heater (P),consists of : P1 : Heater with fuel from coal briquette
P2 : Heater with fuel from kerosene
Ransum with administered iron and ascorbic (R),consists of :
R0 : Ransum with content iron 85 mg x kg ransum-1 as control
R1 : Ransum with content iron 114 mg x kg ransum-1
R2 : Ransum with content iron 85 mg x kg ransum-1 + ascorbic acid 0,5 g x kg ransum-1
Matematically model Split Plot Design of Fully Randomized Design Pattern is :
Yij = µµµµ + ααααi+ δδδδik + ββββj + (ααβααβββ)ij + εεεεijk
Information :
Yij = Respons variable
µ = Mean square
i
α = Efect of heater source
δik = error of heater
βj = Efect of ransum level
(αβ)ij = Efect of interaction heater with ransum
ε
ijk = error heater with ransum and replication(Gomez, K.A. dan A. A. Gomez, 1995)
Data analyzed using Manova (Multivaritae Analysis of Variance) Split Plot Design
δ = µ1 - µ1 = d ± kk
Performance broiler based on research showed in Table 3.
Table 3. Performance Broiler
Variable Heater Ransum Rata-rata
R0 R1 R2
Keterangan: Mean each variale on row and/or colom, there is same superscript indicate not diffeences (P>0.05)
Based on Simultaneous Confidence Intervals Test showed that utilizing heater from coal briquette with diet of iron 85 mg/kg ransum serta askorbat 0,5 g /kg (P1R2) was the best treatment combination.
Based on results of this research indicated that [CO] from kerosene is higher, caused CO pollution on brooder, so the CO absorbed by chick. Carpenter, dkk. (1986) : Fedders, dkk. (1993) dan Wathes (2001) reported that high CO level in house environment relatively reduced animal blood hemoglobin level. Campbell and Kenealy (2003) reported that CO restricted by Hb formed stable compound is called carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) that not possible to transport oxygen. Recommended model by Chiras, et.al. (1995), so proportion blood COHb to be able counting :
% COHB = 0,16 (level of CO in the air) + 0,5
Measuring result indicated CO average by in use heater from kerosene is 42,67 ppm, then chick blood % COHb to be able estimated a number of 7,33%.
Based on above COHb level, then definable of inhibiting mechanism on Hb, that is the first rearing to be shaped COHb in the red blood cells of chick, that cause day old chick body tissue underwent deficiency of oxygen.
Deficiency of oxygen in body tissue, to be able decreased nutrien metabolic rate (Newsholme, dkk., 1973). Decrease in metabolic rate begot decresing sussenil CoA synthesis from acetat acid. Foreknown that sussenil CoA constitute as compound that binding with glicin for banding protoporfirin. According to Rapport (1987) that protoporfirin is compound that reacting to iron forming heme (composer protein of haemoglobin).
Research result indicated decreasing Hb lower significant was 57,750 g% with using heater from kerosene without administered iron and ascorbid acid. CO level with using heater from coal briquette indicated decresing CO level to be 0 ppm two hours after brick-coal. This condition not caused COHb poisoning, with the result that not caused on metabolism. Besides
there was not COHb compound, administered ascorbic acid (a technique increasing quality iron absorption) optimize to nutrien absortion, so increasing performance of broiler. Mckee, Harrison, Riskowski (2006) reported increased performance with administered ascorbic acid.
Concerned with this research result that utilizing coal briquette (without CO) with administered ascorbic acid on broiler indicated the better performance against which the other treatment combination.
The better performance indicated too with meet kreatin level that higher is (1 g .250 g
-1
). Kreatin to be indicator of grow, as describing protein metabolism in the performing of muscle. Kreatin after converted to phosphokreatin, play role together kreatin kinase. Schlattner, Tokarska-Schlattner, Wallimann (2006) reported that this mechanism is similar with arginin/phosphoarginin system together arginin kinase. These system function as buffer for defended ATP/ADP ratio in order to high in the intercellular, so assuring of availability ATP and prevent to loss of nucleotide adenosin for prevent cellular decreasing (Wallimann, Wyss, Brdiczka, Nicolay, Eppenberger,1992; Salomons, Gajja, Wyss, Markus, 2007).
Phosphokreatin system or kratin kinase too play role like energy transport system from
mitochondria and glycolisis to myofibril for muscle contraction or reticulum sarcoplasma for pump calsium, because of kreatin be able to growth indication and body weight (Wallimann, Tokarska-Schlattner, Neumann, Epand, Andres, Widmer , Hornemann, Saks, Agarkova, Schlattner, 2007; Anders RH, Ducray , Schlattner, Wallimann, 2008).
CONCLUSION
Based on research showed that used coal briquette heater (P1) with administered 85 mg Fe/kg + 0,5 ascorbic acid/kg diet (R2) indicates the better performance.
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