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UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS MERAH (Alpinia galanga L. Willd) TERHADAP JAMUR Pityrosporum ovale DALAM
SEDIAAN SAMPO ANTI KETOMBE
ABSTRAK
Ketombe adalah bentuk kering kapitis seborea yang lazim dikenal sebagai seborea sika (kering), yakni sisik kering berlapis-lapis yang rapuh mudah terlepas yang melekat menutupi epidermis kulit kepala. Selain penggunaan zink pirithion, ter batubara, asam salisilat, selenium sulfida, dan ketokonazol, juga dapat dimamfaatkan bahan-bahan alami yang bersumber dari tanaman untuk mengatasi ketombe. Salah satunya adalah penggunaan rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia galanga L. Willd) di masyarakat desa Gonting Julu, dengan cara mengggosok-gosokan rimpang lengkuas merah pada kulit kepala yang telah diolesi minyak terlebih dahulu. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik; golongan senyawa kimia; aktivitas anti jamur terhadap jamur Pityrosporum ovale; apakah ekstrak etanol rimpang lengkuas merah dapat dibuat dalam sediaan sampo dan stabil dalam penyimpanan pada suhu kamar, serta aktivitas anti jamur dari sediaan sampo ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah terhadap jamur Pityrosporum ovale.
Tahapan-tahapan penelitian meliputi pengumpulan dan pengolahan sampel, karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, pembuatan ekstrak etanol, uji aktivitas anti jamur ekstrak dan sampo anti ketombe ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan pencetak lubang (punch hole) terhadap jamur Pityrosporum ovale, pembuatan sampo anti ketombe ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah, serta uji mutu fisik sampo, meliputi: uji tegangan permukaan, uji pH, uji kestabilan, uji viskositas, daya pembasah, uji daya pembusa dan kstabilan busa, uji daya pembersih, uji bobot jenis, dan uji iritasi.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia rimpang lengkuas merah diperoleh kadar air 5,99%, kadar abu total diperoleh 2,96%, kadar abu tidak larut asam diperoleh 2,02%, kadar sari larut air diperoleh 18,53% dan kadar sari larut etanol diperoleh 11,94%. Hasil skrining fitokimia pada serbuk simplisia rimpang lengkuas merah mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti: steroid/triterpenoid, glikosid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil uji mutu fisik sampo bahwa ekstrak lengkuas merah dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan sampo dan memenuhi persyaratan. Hasil penelitian uji aktivitas anti jamur dari ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah, sediaan sampo, dan Zinc dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Pityrosporum ovale, dimana sediaan sampo yang mengandung ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah 1% (sediaan C) mempunyai daya hambat yang efektif.
Kata kunci: ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah, sampo, Pityrosporum ovale, anti ketombe.
vii
THE ACTIVITY TEST EXTRACT JAVA GALANGAL (Alpinia galanga L. Willd)AGAINST Pityrosporum ovale FUNGI PRODUCED
IN SUPPLIES OF ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO
ABSTRACT
Dandruff is seborrheic capitis dry form what is commonly known as seborrheic sicca (dry), the dry scales layered fragile easily attached cover detached scalp epidermis. In addition to the use pirithion zinc, coal ta , salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, and ketoconazole, they also used natural ingredients derived from plants for handling dandruff. One is them is Java Galangal (Alpinia galanga L. Willd) that is used by Gonting Julu- North Sumatera society , by way of red galangal rhizome is rubbed to the scalp which has been spread with oil first. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics ; class of chemical compounds ; antifungal activity against the fungus Pityrosporum ovale ; whether the ethanol extract of Java Galangal can be made in the preparation of shampoo and in the stable saver at room temperature, as well as anti- fungal activity of the preparation shampoo galangal rhizome extract of red against Pityrosporum ovale.
The stages of the research involves the collection and processing of samples, the characterization of crude drugs, phytochemical screening , the manufacture of ethanol extract, testing the antifungal activity of extracts and anti-dandruff shampoo Java Galangal extract of red secarain vitro by agar diffusion method using the hole punch to the Pityrosporum ovale, making anti-dandruff shampoo from Java Galangal extract , and quality testing of shampoo include : the testing of surface tension, pH testing, stability testing, viscosity testing, wetting power testing, testing of foaming lather stability, cleaning power test, specific gravity test, and irritation test.
The characterization results obtained simplicia Java Galangal water content of 5.99%, total ash content of 2.96% was obtained, acid insoluble ash content of 2.02% was obtained, the levels of water-soluble extract obtained 18.53% and the content of ethanol-soluble extract obtained 11 , 94%. The results of phytochemical screening of crude drugs in powder containing Java Galangal secondary metabolites such as steroids / triterpenoids, glikosid, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The test results of physical quality shampoo that red ginger extract can be formulated in a shampoo and meet the requirements. The results of the study of the antifungal activity testing from Java Galangal extract, preparation of shampoo, and Zinc can inhibit the growth of fungus Pityrosporum ovale, which shampoo preparation containing Java Galangal extract 1% (preparation C) had been an effective inhibition.
Keywords: Java galangal rhizome extract, shampoo, Pityrosporum ovale, anti- dandruff.
