building sentences module

-QUESTION 1

(SECTION A) SENTENCE

QU

E S TION 1: S E C TION A S

A M P L E S E N T E N C E S A N D MODEL A NS W E RS

PLACE / EVENTS This is a c a n tee n . This is a

cl

as s r o o m . This is a h os p it al . This is an a c c iden t .

This is a f oot b a l l ma tc h .

NOUNS (people, things, animals) There is a b oy in the picture. There are many boys in the picture. There is a c at under the tree.

There are many p u p i l s in the canteen. There is s ome f o o d on the table.

VERBS (activities) The boy is r eadi n g .

The girl is l isteni n g to the r adi o . The men are t al k i n g .

The women are s h o pp i n g . Mother is c o o k i n g in the kitchen.

Brother is p l a y i n g computer games.

ADJECTIVES (looks, feelings) The classroom is cl ea n .

MOD E L QU E S TION A N D A N S W E R Model 1

Sample sentences:

1. This is a beach.

2. There are many people at the beach. 3. There is a tree in the picture.

4. There is a bag under the tree.

5. The mother is feeding the little boy. 6. The girl is building a sandcastle. 7. The father is eating a sandwich. 8. The boys are swimming.

Sc

o r e mo r e m a r k s by f o ll o w i n g these ti p s:

Tip

number 1: U s e adje c tives

This is a beautiful beach. This is a crowded beach. Tip

number 2: U s e a d v e r b s The boys are swimming

happily.

The girl is building a sandcastle diligently. The mother is feeding the little boy lovingly. Tip

n u mber 3: Co m b i n e two o r t h r ee simp l e sente nc es to f o rm a c ompound sente nc e.

This is a beautiful but crowded beach. There is a tree and a bag in the picture.

The girl is building a sandcastle and the family is enjoying their meal. The mother is feeding the little boy while the father is eating a

sandwich.

The people are swimming, playing volleyball, building sandcastles and

having a picnic under the tree.

Lastly, choose the best 5 sentences as your final

answer. Your

final answer

may look something like this:

1.This is a b eautiful b ut c r o w d ed bea c h. 2. Th e r e a r e many p e o p l e at the bea c h.

3. The p e o p l e a r e s w i m m i n g, p l a y i n g vo ll ey b a l l , b ui l di n g sa n dc a stles a

n d

havi n g a p i cn i c at the bea c h.

4. The g i r l is bui l ding a sa n dc a st l e dilige n tly w hile the f a mily i s h aving a p

i cn i c under the t r ee.

5. The mo t h e r is f ee d i n g the li t t l e b oy w hile the fath e r is eati n g a sa

n d w i c h.

Model 2

Sample sentences:

1. This is a classroom.

2. There is a teacher in the classroom. 3. There are many pupils in the classroom. 4. The teacher is writing on the blackboard. 5. The pupils are reading book.

Try to follow the tips to score more marks: Tip

number 1: U s e adje c tives

Tip

number 2: U s e a d v e r b s

Tip

number 3: F o rm c ompound s ente nc es

Fi

n al A n s w e r ( C h o o se the B E S T sente nc e s ! ) :

1.

2.

3.

4.

TRY MORE E X E RCI S E S ! E

X E RCI S E 1

Hisham celebrating Hari Raya shopping trying on

shoes clothes Baju Melayu like wear

Now, reread the sentences. Are there any adjectives or adverbs that you can add in?

Are there any sentences that you can combine to form a compound sentence? Check for any mistakes:

1.Plural nouns – (many sho

e

s

not many shoe; remember the

‘s’

!) 2. Punctuation and capitalisation – Capital letter at the beginning of sentences; a full stop at the end.

3. Make sure you use the correct articles – check the article „a .‟ Do you put „a‟ in the correct places? (e.g.: Writing “The woman is

a

shopping” is

wrong! Remember, „a‟ and „an‟ means ONE).

4. Do you use „is‟ and „are‟ correctly? (Remember: is – singular, are – plural). 5. „There‟ or „They ?‟ (Do not confuse these two words!)

5. Make sure every sentence you write is related to the picture. (Do not write any sentence that is not related to the picture!)

6. Spelling – Check and double-check! Rewrite your improved sentences below:

1.

2.

3.

4.

E

X E RCI S E 2

dinner helping lay table serve

roast chicken happy wash dry dishes

Final answer:

1.

2.

3.

4.

E

X E RCI S E 3

Now, try to apply everything that you have learned. Write your best 5 sentences for the picture below.

busy market morning bargaining fishmonger

handcart buying meat butcher vegetables

1.

2.

3.

4.

E

X E RCI S E 4

celebrating twelfth birthday holding party

home cake games photographs enjoy

1.

2.

3.

4.

14 -E

X E RCI S E 5

canteen recess pupils queuing up shouting

helper buying ice-cream scolding running

1.

2.

3.

4.

15

-QUESTION 2(B)

MAKING A CHOICE AND GIVING

REASONS

Q U E S T I ON 2( B) : S E CT I ON B ( I w o u l d c ho o s e … ) CHOOSI N G A PRO D UCT

INTRODUCTION

I would choose X because I think it is the best. I would choose X because it is the most suitable. I would choose X because I like it very much.

I would choose X because my mother likes it very much.

PRICE It is cheap. It is reasonable. It is not very expensive. I can aford it.

It is expensive, but worth it.

COLOUR

The colours are my favourite.

The colours are my father‟s favourite. The colours are nice.

It is attractive. I like the colours.

MATERIALS The quality is good. It is long-lasting.

It is beautiful. I like the materials.

FREE GIFT / OFFERS It is useful.

I can use the free gift.

My brother can use the free gift. It is interesting.

MOD E L QU E S TION A N D A N S W E R Model 1

You would like to buy a handbag for your mother. Which handbag would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.

Model answer:

Try to answer this question again. Choose another handbag. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.

CHOOSI N G AN ACT I V ITY

TYPE OF ACTIVITY Outdoor:

I am an active person, so I prefer outdoor activities.

My friend is an active person, so I recommend outdoor activities.

Indoor:

I am usually quiet and inactive, so I prefer indoor activities. My friend is a quiet person, so I recommend indoor activities.

THINGS NEEDED

I already have the things needed. My friend already has the things needed. The things needed are not difcult to find. I can get all the things needed easily.

My friend can get all the things needed easily.

BENEFITS / ADVANTAGES I like the benefits.

My friend will like the benefits. I like to learn new things. My friend likes to learn new things. I can improve myself.

My friend always wants to improve himself.

OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED It is a very interesting

activity. It is a challenging activity.

It is good for health.

Model 2

You want to introduce your friend to an activity. Based on the information given, which activity would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.

Try to answer this question again. Choose another activitiy. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.

CHOOSI N G A P E R S ON

AGE

We have the same age, so we will have many things in common. I want to make friends with someone younger. I want to make friends with someone older.

COUNTRY / NATIONALITY I want to learn more about Britain. Japan is an interesting country.

I believeto visit Australia one day.

HOBBIES / INTEREST We have the same

hobbies. We can discuss our hobbies. The hobbies are interesting.

AMBITION

I also want to be a pilot.

We can talk about our ambitions.

I want to know more about his ambition.

OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED I believewe can become good friends. We can exchange ideas.

Model 3

Which pen pal would you choose to write to? Give reasons for your choice.

Try to answer this question again. Choose another person. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.

CHOOSI N G A FOOD PRODUCT

PRODUCT OF / COUNTRY / MADE IN I want to try products from Australia. I prefer Malaysia product.

My sister likes product from England.

TASTE

The taste is nice. I like the taste. It is my favourite.

It is my sister s‟ favourite. It is delicious.

NUTRIENTS

The nutrients are good for health. It is nutritious.

My body needs the nutrients. It is a healthy product.

I like to take care of my health.

OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED I prefer this product.

This product is better. I like this product.

It is a high-quality product.

Model 4

You want to buy some biscuits. Based on the information given, which packet of biscuits would you prefer? Give reasons for your choice.

Try to answer this question again. Choose another food product. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.

CHOOSI N G A HOU S E FOR R E N T

TYPE OF HOUSE

I prefer to stay in a bungalow. I like wooden house better.

An apartment is more suitable for my family.

DESCRIPTION OF THE HOUSE

It has enough bedrooms for all the members in our family. It has enough bathrooms for our family.

My family likes a large porch. My family likes the balcony.

LOCATION

The location is very nice. The location is

beautiful. I like the location.

My family likes the location.

ADVANTAGES

It is convenient for my family. It can make our life easier.

It can make our life more comfortable.

RENT

It is not very expensive. It is reasonable.

My family can aford it. It is expensive, but worth it.

OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED My family will like the house.

Model 5

You are helping your father to choose a house to rent. Based on the information given, which house would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.

I would choose House A because it is the most suitable for my family. First of all, the type of house is a bungalow. I prefer to stay in a

Try to answer this question again. Choose another house for rent. Use the sample sentences and model answer to guide you.

CHOOSI N G A P E T

PHYSICAL FEATURE

I like the physical feature. It is cute and nice.

It is beautiful. I like it.

PLACE TO STAY It is easy to

accommodate. It is easy to look after.

It is convenient.

FOOD

It is easy to feed.

The food is easy to find. It does not cost much.

CARE

It is not difcult to take care of. I can take care of it well.

I can look after it easily.

OTHER SENTENCES THAT CAN BE USED I always love

rabbit. I prefer goldfish.

Model 6

Try to answer this question using the sample sentences as your guide:

PR

A C T I S E M A K E S P E RF E C T ! H E RE A RE MORE E X E RCI S E S F

OR YOU TO D O: E

X E RCI S E 1

Tales from India Tales from China Tales from Africa Price: RM16.00

Publisher: Andra Publishing Malaysia

Available at: AWK Bookshop Free gift: Colourful Bookmark

Discount: 30% given

Price: RM10.00 Publisher: Tai Publishing Republic of China(R.O.C) Available at: A & S Bookshop

Free gift: Colouring book Discount: 40% given

Price: RM12.00 Publisher: Kang Publishing

Singapore Available at: RBK Bookshop

Free gift: Colourful pocket file

Discount: 20% given

(A)Complete the table base on the advertisement given.

Title Tales from China Tales from Africa

Price RM12.00

Publisher Andra Publishing Tai Publishing

Available at A & S Bookshop RBK Bookshop

Free gift Colourful bookmark

Discount 30% 20%

Country

Republic of China

(B) If you want to buy a birthday present for your younger sister, which book would you like to buy? Give reasons based on your choice.

E

X E RCI S E 2

Island Surprise

Hawaiian Chicken

Beef Barbecue

RM35.90 RM39.50 RM40.00

 Size: Medium

 Toppings: Shrimp, tuna and Thousand island dressing

 Drinks: 2 orange juice

 Size: Medium

 Toppings: Chicken, pineapple and bell peppers

 Drinks: 2 iced-lemon tea

 Size: Large

 Toppings: Beef sausages, mushrooms and barbecue sauce

 Drinks: 2 soft drinks

(A)Complete the table based on the menus given.

Menus Hawaiian Chicken Beef Barbecue

Price RM35.90

Toppings 1. Shrimp 1. 1. 2. 2. Pineapple 2. Mushrooms 3. 3. Bell peppers 3.

(B)You and your mother want to have pizza for lunch, which set would you choose? Give reasons based on your choice.

E

X E RCI S E 3

Anwar’s Batik  Price: RM100  Material: silk  Made in Malaysia  Colour:

yellow and blue

 Discount: 30%

(A)Complete the table based on the information given.

Brand Price Material Product of Colour Discount

Mr. Vadetto Italy black and brown

RM90 silk 10%

Anwar’s Batik

Malaysia Mr. Vadetto

 Price: RM80  Material:

leather  Made in Italy  Colour: black

and brown  Discount: 20%

Master Johan  Price: RM90  Material: silk  Made in

Indonesia  Colour: red and

blue

(B) You want to give your father a present on his birthday. Which present would you choose? Give reasons for your choice.

E

X E RCI S E 4

SWIMMING

 Outdoor activity

 Swimsuit/swimming trunks, goggles, swimming cap

 A full-body exercise, fun

 Time management, goal setting, self confidence

PLAYING CHESS

 Indoor activity

 Chess

 Mental exercise, fun

 Strategies, goal setting,

self confidence

READING

 Indoor activity

 Books, magazines, comics

 Fun, relaxing

 Creativity, knowledge

(A)Complete the table below based on the advertisements given.

Name of activity SWIMMING READING

Type of activity Outdoor

Things needed 1. Swimsuit

2. Swimming trunk 3.

1. 1. Books 2. Magazines 3.

Benefits 1.

2.

3. Self confidence

1. .

2. Goal setting

3. Self confidence

1.

2.

I would choose because

E

Hi there! My name is Akiko Myama. I am eleven years old. I live with my parents in Tokyo, Japan. I enjoy swimming and writing. I love to play bowling, too. When I grow up, I want to be a singer like Utada Hikaru. I wish to have a response from someone with the same interest.

My email address: a kiko m y a m a @ y a hoo. c o m

Hello, I am Anthony McGee. I live in East London. I am twelve years old. I enjoy swimming very much. I enjoy football and badminton, too. I also like to play computer games. I want to be a doctor. Hope to hear a good response from you soon.

Email me a t: a ntho n y m c g e e @ a ol.com

I am Sarsono Budianto. I am eleven years old. I live in West Bali, Indonesia. I like to surf very much. Besides that, I also love to draw and write. I am a part time dancer in our culture community. I enjoy it very much. I wish that I could be an artist someday. Email me if you are interested to be my friend: s a rsono177 @ ho t mail.com

Name Akiko Myama

Age twelve years old

Hobbies swimming

writing

swimming football badminton computer games

surf draw write

Ambition singer

Country England

(B) You want to have a pen friend oversea. Which one will you choose? Give reason based on your choice.

QUESTION 3

SECTION C

NOTE EXPANSION

QU

Model 1

Noni - walking – school – saw – beggar – shivering – hungry – took beggar - tree - lunch box – gave - him

0

ate up – food – eating – smiled - thanked – kindness

S

T E P 1: W hat is the s to r y a b out?

It

is a

b

out

a girl

w

ho

g

a

ve

her

fo

od

t o a b

e

g

g

ar.

S

45

Find the verbs in the story:

walking Continuous Tense

saw Past Tense

shivering Continuous Tense

took Past Tense

gave Past Tense

ate Past Tense

eating Continuous Tense

smiled Past Tense

thanked Past Tense

What is the Tense to be used?

Sim

p

le

Past

Ten

s e

and

P

a

s t

C

onti

n

u

o

us

T

e

n

se

S

T E P 3: Wr i t e the s t o r y.

I n t r oduction

No

n i w as a k i n d a n d h el p ful gi r l . She li k ed t o help o th e r p e o p l e in t r oub l e.

Pi

c tu r e 1

Noni - walking – school – saw – beggar - tree

Pi

c tu r e 2

SUBJECT VERB ROS

The beggar was

shivering

He was hungry

Noni took out her lunch

box

-

-SUBJECT VERB ROS

Noni was walking to school

She saw a beggar

The beggar was sitting under a tree

46 -beggar – shivering – hungry – took

-lunch box – gave - him

Pi

c tu r e 3

ate up – food – eating – smiled - thanked – kindness

E

n ding:

Noni felt happy because she had helped the beggar. She continued her walk to school with a big smile on her face.

S

T E P 4: Read the st o r y a g ai n . C a n you make it bette r ?

Try to add some adjectives and adverbs. Change nouns to pronouns wherever appropriate. Form compound sentences. You may also try to add

simile

s

, id

i oms

and

p

r ove

r b

s

* to make your writing more interesting.

*Refer to Appendix 7-8.

Model 2

SUBJECT VERB ROS

The beggar ate up the food

He finished

eating

He smiled

He thanked Noni for her

Halim – washes – hands – before

– meals – – weekend – he – breakfast_{– together – parents}

– after breakfast – helps – mother – clear – table –

Identify the Tense:

Introduction:

Halim is a boy. He likes to . He also likes to

.

Pi

Halim – washes – hands – before – meals –

Pi

c tu r e 2: T r y to a ns w e r the s e que s t i o n s:

– weekend – he – breakfast – together – parents

Pi

c tu r e 3: T r y to a ns w e r the s e que s t i o n s:

SUBJECT VERB ROS

Halim helps his mother

He clears the table

48

-SUBJECT VERB ROS

Halim washes his hands

before meals

_

SUBJECT VERB ROS

He eats breakfast

49 -– after breakfast -– helps -– mother

–clear – table –

E

n di n g:

E

X E RCI S E 1

- Aswad – Sports Day – parents

- came – support - - took part – high jump - 200 _{metres race – first – both -} events

-received – trophies – headmaster - parents - proud – Aswad – tired –

happy-E

holidays – theme park – morning - restaurant

father – entrance – excited - rides

ride – spaceship – stars – got off train ride – driver – places - lunch

E

5

week – took – bus – airport – flew – Kota Kinabalu

Kinabalu Park – rafflesia – biggest – Mount Kinabalu – highest – South East Asia - photographs

Manukan Island – boat – seawater – beautiful – snorkeling – marine life – corals - enjoyed

_

E

X E RCI S E 4

53 -Lotter - friend – went –

bird watching – jungle - -evening – home - lost – way – tired_{– frightened - decided – spend night}

heard - voices – woke up – happy – parents – hugged

E

- crow – found – meat – flew - tree

chicks

-fox – saw – wanted – told – sing sweetly

- proud crow – opened mouth – dropped –meat – fox - ran away

ADJECTIVES

A

FEELINGS PERASAAN CHARACTER SIFAT LOOKS RUPA

angry arrogant attractive

anxious brave beautiful

bored clumsy big

shy courageous nice

scared diligent dark

puzzled hardworking elegant

surprised intelligent fair

happy clever gorgeous

sad smart handsome

excited funny tall

gloomy strict short

joyful selfish small

sleepy pleasant spacious

tired rude neat

hungry polite large

ill talkative tiny

worried quiet good-looking

confident humble ugly

hungry friendly hideous

CONDITIONS KEADAAN FEATURES CIRI-CIRI

dirty long-lasting clean expensive tidy cheap neat high-quality cold delicious hot modern crowded old-fashioned empty challenging hectic easy bad difficult good interesting terrible suitable excellent reasonable new useful old educational comfortable nutritious enjoyable heavy dull light hectic affordable

accurately surely beautifully truly

carefully clearly

diligently lovingly excellently gently faithfully excitedly gracefully joyfully

hungrily cheerfully

loudly sadly

nicely fast

neatly well

obviously badly

pleasantly terribly

quickly quietly

soundly busily

tidily attentively

skillfully accidentally

slowly proudly

softly comfortably

definitely patiently

S C CARDS

A

SC

C ARD 1

1. Pl a ce / Loc a t ion / E v e n t

This is a (name of place / location / event). 2. P e o p l e / A n im a ls / T h ings /

Pl

a n t s There is a (singular noun).

There are (plural noun). 3. A ct i v i t i e s

(Singular subject) is (verb + ing). (Plural subject) are (verb + ing). 4. A d je c t iv e s ( Fe e l i n gs / Look)

(Singular subject) is

(adjectives). (Plural subject) are (adjectives).

SC

C ARD 2

1. Add adjectives

(beautiful, big, happy, excited, angry, busy, etc.)

2. Add adverbs

(busily, happily, soundly, gracefully, sweetly, etc.)

3. Write compound sentences

- Use conjunctions: and, but, while, because, or

4. Write complex sentences (if you can) The (subject), who/which (is/are) (verb+ing/adjective), (is/are) (verb+ing/adjectives).

SUBJECT GROUPS

A

Group 1 I am was do did have had

Group 2 He

She It Ali (SN) is wa s doe s did ha s ha d

Group 3 You

We They Ali and Abu (PN) are wer e do di d hav e had

FORMS OF VERBS

Present Tense Continuou s Tense

Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense

Notes

Every day I…

(G1 & G3)

Every day he…

(G2)

Now I am/he

is/they are…

(G1, G2, G3) Yesterday I/he/they… (G1, G2, G3) Already I have/he has/they have…

(G1, G2, G3)

Tomorrow I/he/we will... (G1, G2, G3)

Malay

bathe bathes bathing bathed bathed bathe

beat beats beating beat beaten beat

begin begins beginning began begun begin

bend bends bending bent bent bend

bite bites biting bit bitten bite

blow blows blowing blew blown blow

borrow borrows borrowing borrowed borrowed borrow

break breaks breaking broke broken break

bring brings bringing brought brought bring

brush brushes brushing brushed brushed brush

build builds building built built build

burn burns burning burnt/burned burnt/burned burn

bury buries burying buried buried bury

buy buys buying bought bought buy

climb climbs climbing climbed climbed climb

catch catches catching caught caught catch

comb combs combing combed combed comb

come comes coming came come come

cycle cycles cycling cycled cycled cycle

dig digs digging dug dug dig

Present Tense Continuou s Tense

Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense

Notes

Every day I…

(G1 & G3)

Every day he…

(G2)

Now I am/he

(G1, G2, G3) (G1, G2, G3) has/they have…

(G1, G2, G3) will..._{(G1, G2, G3)}

dive dives diving dived dived dive

do does doing did done do

dance dances dancing danced danced dance

draw draws drawing drew drawn draw

drink drinks drinking drank drunk drink

drive drives driving drove driven drive

eat eats eating ate eaten eat

fail fails failing failed failed fail

fall falls falling fell fallen fall

fight fights fighting fought fought fight

fly flies flying flew flown fly

forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten forget

get gets getting got got get

give gives giving gave given give

go goes going went gone go

grow grows growing grew grown grow

hang hangs hanging hung hung hang

hide hides hiding hid hidden hide

hold holds holding held held hold

keep keeps keeping kept kept keep

kick kicks kicking kicked kicked kick

kneel kneels kneeling knelt knelt kneel

leave leaves leaving left left leave

lie lies lying lay lain lie

make makes making made made make

pay pays paying paid paid pay

ride rides riding rode ridden ride

ring rings ringing rang rung ring

sell sells selling sold sold sell

run runs running ran run run

say says saying said said say

see sees seeing saw seen see

sell sells selling sold sold sell

send sends sending sent sent send

sew sews sewing sewed sewn sew

shake shakes shaking shook shaken shake

shine shines shining shone shone shine

shout shouts shouting shouted shouted shout

shoot shoots shooting shot shot shoot

show shows showing showed shown show

skip skips skipping skipped skipped skip

sing sings singing sang sung sing

smile smiles smiling smiled smiled smile

Present Tense Continuou s Tense

Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense

Notes

Every day I…

(G1 & G3)

Every day he…

(G2) Now I am/heis/they are…

(G1, G2, G3) (G1, G2, G3) has/they have…

(G1, G2, G3) will..._{(G1, G2, G3)}

sit sits sitting sat sat sit

sleep sleeps sleeping slept slept sleep

smile smiles smiling smiled smiled smile

speak speaks speaking spoke spoken speak

spend spends spending spent spent spend

stand stands standing stood stood stand

steal steals stealing stole stolen steal

strike strikes striking struck struck strike

sweep sweeps sweeping swept swept sweep

swim swims swimming swam swum swim

take takes taking took taken take

talk talks talking talked talked talk

teach teaches teaching taught taught teach

tear tears tearing tore torn tear

tell tells telling told told tell

think thinks thinking thought thought think

throw throws throwing threw thrown throw

try tries trying tried tried try

tie ties tying tied tied tie

wear wears wearing wore worn wear

win wins winning won won win

wind winds winding wound wound wind

write writes writing wrote written write

add adds adding added added add

allow allows allowing allowed allowed allow

arrive arrives arriving arrived arrived arrive

breathe breathes breathing breathed breathed breathe

brush brushes brushing brushed brushed brush

carry carries carrying carried carried carry

change changes changing changed changed change

close closes closing closed closed close

copy copies copying copied copied copy

cook cooks cooking cooked cooked cook

cry cries crying cried cried cry

divide divides dividing divided divided divide

drop drops dropping dropped dropped drop

fit fits fitting fitted fitted fit

hand hands handing handed handed hand

drop drops dropping dropped dropped drop

fit fits fitting fitted fitted fit

hand hands handing handed handed hand

hope hopes hoping hoped hoped hope

hop hops hopping hopped hopped hop

Present Tense Continuou s Tense

Past Tense Perfect Tense Future Tense

Notes

Every day I…

(G1 & G3)

Every day he…

(G2) Now I am/heis/they are…

(G1, G2, G3) (G1, G2, G3) has/they have…

(G1, G2, G3) will..._{(G1, G2, G3)}

hurry hurries hurrying hurried hurried hurry

join joins joining joined joined join

drive drives driving drove driven drive

jump jumps jumping jumped jumped jump

laugh laughs laughing laughed laughed laugh

live lives living lived lived live

lock locks locking locked locked lock

open opens opening opened opened open

read reads reading read read read

reply replies replying replied replied replied

row rows rowing rowed rowed row

stop stops stopping stopped stopped stop

study studies studying studied studied study

type types typing typed typed type

use uses using used used use

walk walks walking walked walked walk

wait waits waiting waited waited wait

cut cuts cutting cut cut cut

hit hits hitting hit hit hit

hurt hurts hurting hurt hurt hurt

let lets letting let let let

put puts putting put put put

push pushes pushing pushed pushed push

shut shuts shutting shut shut shut

pull pulls pulling pulled pulled pull

sink sinks sinking sank sunk sink

T

ENS

E

S,

S

E

N

T

E

N

C

E S

T

RU

CT

URE

AND T

Y

P

ES OF

SEN

T

EN

C

ES

A

All English sentences are made up of three basic parts:

Subject

Verb

The Rest of the

Sentence

Ali The girl kicks is the ball. pretty.

Study the sentences below:

Subject Verb The rest of the

sentence

Time

1. Ali kicks the every day.

2. Ali is kicking the now.

3. Ali kicked the yesterday.

4. Ali will kick the tomorrow.

Sentence

1

is in

m

Si

ple

Pr

e

s

e

nt

T

e

nse

(happens daily or regularly). Sentence

2

is in

res

P

e

nt

C

ontin

u

ous

T

e

nse

(is happening now). Sentence

3

is in

Sim

p

le

Past

T

e

nse

(happened in the past). Sentence

4

is in

Future

T

e

nse

(will happen in the future).

These four tenses are the basic tenses that you may use in writing English sentences.

Besides the four tenses above, there are another two important tenses that you should know:

P

ast

Conti

n

u

o

us

T

e

nse

Ali

was

kicking

the ball when I reached the field yesterday (was happening at some time in the past).

Pe

r f e

ct

T

e

nse

TYP E S OF S E N T E N C E S

1.

A c tive a n d P a ss i ve S ente nc es

Active sentence:

S

ub j ect _{Ve r b Ob j ect}

Ali kicks the ball. (Simple Present

Tense) Passive

sentence Ob

j ect The ball

Ve r b

is kicked S ub_{by Ali.} j ect

More examples:

Active sentences Passive sentences

Ali ki c ked the ball. Mother ooksc the

vegetables. He dr o v e the car.

Siti tears the book.

The policeman c aught the thief.

The ball w as ki c ked by Ali. The vegetables care ooked by mother. The car w as dr i ven by him.

The book is torn by Siti. The thief w as c aught by the

2.

Sim pl e a n d C ompound Sente nc es

Simple sentence 2: Abu goes to school.

Compound sentence: Ali

and

Abu go to school.

A compound sentence is formed by joining two or more simple sentences using conjunctions (and, but, or, because, so, while).

Another example:

Simple sentence 1: Ali is sick.

Simple sentence 2: Ali does not go to school.

Compound sentence: Ali is sick, so he does not go to school.

3.

Comp l ex s ente nc e

A complex sentence is formed by adding a clause. Example:

Sentence 1: The girl is my sister.

Sentence 2. The girl is wearing a blue dress.

Complex sentence: The girl

w

ho

is

wea

ri

ng

a

b

l ue

dress

is my sister.

clause

PRACTISE!

I like to go to school.

One of the girls is missing.

Abu and Ali came here yesterday.

She sells seashells by the seashore.

The water is clear.

They were walking to the bus stop.

The children are dancing around

the rose bush.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

She has already given the names

to the teacher.

Father cooks breakfast every Sunday.

Wendy and her brothers played badminton last week.

My sister and I will visit grandmother next Tuesday.

I will get 5A in UPSR.

The cat was jumping over the fence.

The dogs were chasing the cat.

We were happy and excited.

Every day Now Yesterday Tomorrow Already I come I am coming I came I will come I have come She buys She is buying She bought She will buy She has bought We eat It flies He gives You grow They sing I hold The girls go My father drives The water flows The man rests One of the ladies shouts

The thief runs The boat sinks The flowers bloom The postman All of them see Most girls play The tiger roars Both boys win The fan turns I sing

Many teachers scold

More people leave Each one brings Everyone tells Nobody pushes No one keeps Somebody hits Several man see Most of them put It shines

The baby cries The plant grows

APPENDIX 7

as alike as two peas as angry as a wasp as bald as an egg

as bashful as a schoolgirl as beautiful as a rainbow as big as an elephant as black as coal as blind as a bat as busy as a bee

as careless as the wind as clear as crystal as cold as ice

as cool as a cucumber as cunning as a fox as deep as the sea as easy as ABC as faithful as a dog as fast as lightning as fit as a fiddle as gentle as a dove as graceful as a swan as green as grass as happy as a lark as hard as iron

as playful as a kitten as sweet as honey as proud as a peacock as quiet as a mouse as steady as a rock as tall as a giant as tough as a leather as white as snow as wide as the ocean as wise as an owl

S

IMIL E S

E

N GLI S H IDIOMS A N D E

X P R E SS IONS

Bird in the Hand Is worth Two in the Bush: Apa yang sudah pasti lebih baik dari apa yang belum pasti.

A Blessing In Disguise: Hikmah dalam kesusahan yang berlaku.

A Piece Of Cake: Sesuatu yang sangat mudah.

A Slip Of The Tongue: Tersilap cakap.

A Wolf In Sheep's Clothing: Kejahatan yang menyamar sebagai kebaikan.

Absence Makes The Heart Grow Fonder: Apabila jarang bertemu, semakin sayang.

Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Perbuatan lebih berkesan dari perkataan.

All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Tidak semua yang nampak menarik itu baik.

As Light As A Feather: Sangat ringan, seperti bulu burung.

Beating Around The Bush: Putar-belit.

Better Late Than Never: Lebih baik lambat, dari tidak ada langsung / tidak pernah.

Birds Of A Feather Flock Together: Orang yang mempunyai persamaan akan

berkumpul bersama.

Burning The Midnight Oil: Bekerja hingga lewat malam.

Cross Your Fingers: Mengharapkan yang terbaik.

Cry Over Spilt Milk: Menyesal atas sesuatu yang sudah berlaku.

Curiosity Killed The Cat: Perasaan ingin tahu yang membawa kesusahan.

Don't Count Your Chickens Until They're Hatched: Jangan mengira hasil sebelum berusaha (angan-angan Mat Jenin).

Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket: Jangan letakkan semua harapan pada satu tempat sahaja.

Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining: Setiap kesusahan yang berlaku ada hikmahnya.

Great Minds Think Alike: Pemikiran yang sama.

Have No Idea: Tidak tahu langsung.

Head Over Heel: Jatuh cinta.

Icing On The Cake: Perkara yang baik / menggembirakan.

It Takes Two To Tango: Setiap pergaduhan melibatkan dua pihak.

Lend Me Your Ear: Tolong dengar apa yang saya ingin katakana.

Let Bygones Be Bygones: Yang berlalu biarlah berlalu.

Out Of The Blue: Secara tiba-tiba

Out Of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: Dari satu kesusahan, ke satu kesusahan yang lain.

Practice Makes Perfect: Latihan berterusan akan memahirkan kita.

Pulling Your Leg: Bergurau.

Rome Was Not Built In One Day: Tidak ada jalan pintas ke arah kejayaan.

Second Nature: Kemahiran yang sudah menjadi satu kebiasaan harian.

Start From Scratch: Bermula dari bawah.

The Apple Of Your Eye: Kesayangan.

The Early Bird Catches The Worm: Orang yang awal bangun dan bekerja akan mendapat lebih hasil.

The Pot Calling The Kettle Black: Orang yang bersalah tetap mempersalahkan orang lain.

The Pros And Cons: Kebaikan dan keburukan.

The Sky Is The Limit: Tidak ada batas.

Turn Over A New Leaf: Berubah / Insaf.

Two Wrongs Don't Make A Right: Jangan membalas kejahatan dengan kejahatan.

Under The Weather: Kurang sihat.

Variety Is The Spice Of Life: Kepelbagaian menjadikan kehidupan lebih menarik.

Without A Doubt: Tanpa sebarang syak-wasangka.

You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover: Jangan menilai seseorang daripada luarannya sahaja.

Where there’s a will there’s a way:

When a person really wants to do something, he will find a way of doing it.

First come, first served:

The first in line will be attended to first.

A friend in need is a friend indeed:

A friend who helps when one is in trouble is a real friend.

Discretion is the better part of valor:

If you say discretion is the better part of valor, you mean that avoiding a dangerous or unpleasant situation

is sometimes the most sensible thing to do.

A hungry man is an angry man:

A person who does not get what he wants or needs is a frustrated person and will be easily provoked to

rage.

Empty vessels make the most noise:

Those people who have a little knowledge usually talk the most and make the greatest fuss.

A man is as old as he feels:

A person’s age is immaterial – it is only when he thinks and feels that he is ageing that he actually becomes

old.

Great talkers are little doers:

Those people who talk a lot and are always teaching others usually do not do much work.

An idle brain is the devil’s workshop:

One who has nothing to do will be tempted to do many mischievous acts.

It is better to be careful and discrete than to be clever.

Faint heart never won fair lady:

To succeed in life one must have the courage to pursue what he wants.

A penny saved is a penny gained:

By being thrifty one will be able to save up.

A rolling stone gathers no moss:

A person who never settles in one place or who often changes his job will not succeed in life ; one who is

always changing his mind will never get anything done.

As you sow, so you shall reap:

One will either enjoy or suffer the consequences of his earlier actions or inactions.

Barking dogs seldom bite:

Those who make loud threats seldom carry them out.

Better late than never:

To do something that is right, profitable, or good a little late is still better than not doing it at

all.

A bird in hand is worth two in the bush:

Something that one already has is better than going after something seemingly more worthwhile that one

may not be able to get.

Birds of a feather flock together:

People of the same sort of character or belief always go together.

Call a spade a spade:

If you say that someone calls a spade a spade, you mean that they speak frankly and directly, often

about embarrassing or unpleasant subjects; an informal expression.

A person’s first obligation should be to help the member of his own family before he can begin thinking of

talking about helping others.

A great talker is a great liar:

A smooth and persuasive talker may be a good liar.

Every cloud has a silver lining:

If you say that every cloud has a silver lining, you mean that every sad or unpleasant situation has a

positive side to it. If you talk about silver lining you are talking about something positive