A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS
USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY,
2011 EDITION
PUBLICATION ARTICLES
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
YULI TAMTOMO A320070202
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
ACCEPTANCE
A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS
USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY,
2011 EDITION
PUBLICATION ARTICLES
Written by YULI TAMTOMO
A320070202
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners Schools of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners:
1. Drs. Maryadi, MA (………...)
(First Consultant)
A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS
USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY,
2011 EDITION
Yuli Tamtomo A 320070202
School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
ahmadirhaby@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
This descriptive qualitative research paper is aim to describe and elaborate the kinds and ways of English borrowing used in Panjebar Semangat magazine on January, 2011 edition. The data of this research are words, phrases, noun phrases and sentences containing the English borrowing in Panjebar Semangat magazine. There are four magazine in each month because the magazine is published every weeks on Saturday. The magazine has 29 rubrics consist of 54 pages. In collecting the data, the researcher uses documentation method. The researcher uses Haugen’s theory (Katamba, 2007: 192) in analyzing the kinds of borrowing, and Katamba (1997: 191) in analyzing the ways of borrowings. The result of this resea rch paper are three points, they are; (1) two kinds of English borrowings used in Panjebar Semangat magazine; they are loanword and loan shift, and (2) two ways of English borrowings; they are direct and indirect borrowings, and (3) kinds of sound replacing of English borrowings. There are some reason why Panjebar Semangat magazine must borrows English words. Wardraugh (2000: 37) stated, two factor that have been frequently mentioned are “need” and ”prestige”. By borrowings, Panjebar Semangat can uses many vocabularies to express something that was not found in Javanese. Borrowings can fill gaps in the lexicon, and borrows foreign language also show they have high quality in language. There is inconsistency in borrows English word into magazine because there is no formal standardization such as Indonesian rule (EYD) in Javanese.
A. INTRODUCTION
This research paper presents a description and analysis of the processes of
borrowings in Panjebar Semangat magazine, a Javanese magazine that is still published and existed in this modern era. One of the interesting things
from the magazine is, many English words, phrases and sentences that used in every edition. By borrowings, Panjebar Semangat can use many vocabularies to express something that was not found in Javanese.
Languages borrow from other to describe objects or strange things which cannot be done by them. Through borrowings, they can fill gaps in the
lexicon, or introduce finer distinction of meaning which is not available in native language. For example, Indonesian does not clearly differentiate
related nouns and adjectives by morphological means, as English does. Hence it creates noun-adjective pairs based on English words such as doctor versus doctoral, and norma versus normal (Moeliono in Wardraugh: 38)
Furthermore, Katamba (1997: 191) state that a language can add to the number of words in its lexicon by borrowings vocabulary from other
language. For example English has borrowed so extensively from other languages that the English lexicon is like a large mosaic. So do the other language also needs to borrow words from other to enrich lexicon.
Borrowings phenomena are unavoidable in languages.
Wardraugh (2000: 37) stated that the motivation for and extend of lexical
“need” and “prestige”. Most of the borrowings are associated with the
“distance” contact seem to be motivated by “the need to designate the things,
persons, places, and concepts”
Borrowings phenomena not only occur in English or Indonesian language,
but also in every language in the world. As in Javanese language, borrowings is not only found in lexicon form, but also in phrase and sentences. Even the use of borrowings in all sentences occur in our environment to show speaker
ability (Javanese) in foreign language. In this case, prestige is one of the reasons to show that the speakers have high quality in language or they come
from higher social class. As Bloomfield (in Wardraugh, 1997: 39) noted, borrowings is usually from a more prestigious into a socially subordinate
language. Speaker may find it more sophisticated to borrow from the prestigious or higher level language.
“Panjebar Semangat” magazine is weekly magazine that is published
four times a month. Each month has four editions and published every Saturday. It is one of the Javanese language magazines that is still published
and exists in this global area. Based on kinds of magazines, the readers maybe old generation. Even tough there are some rubrics for young, such as
“Glanggang remaja” that provides some articles about newest technology and
B. RESEARCH METHOD
This study is a descriptive qualitative research, because the writer purposes to describe, analyse and elaborate English borrowing words uses in Panjebar Semangat magazine. There are over 400 English words uses in magazine that consist of four item each month. English borrowings words are mostly used in IT rubrics that provide many information about science and technology.
The data are in the form of word, phrase and sentences uses in Panjebar Semangat magazine, January 2011 edition. There are several steps are used for collecting the data are as follows: the writer subscribe the new edition of magazine, and reading all of the rubric. Beside that, the writer give circle sign to the word, phrase or sentences that contains English words. After finding English word, the researcher write and collect English word into computer and analyze it. The writer spent three month for searching and analyzing the English word uses in Panjebar Semangat magazine.
The writer analyze and elaborate English word based on Katamba‟s theory. Based on Katamba, there are two ways of borrowing; direct and indirect borrowing and two kinds of borrowings; loanword and loan shift. Panjebar Semangat must borrows English word to fill gaps and to explain
something that was not found in Javanese. Beside that, the writer also analyze kinds of sound replacing of English borrowings word from English into Javanese.
C. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This subchapter discusses the writer‟s analysis of the result and
1. Kinds of Borrowings a. Loanword
(1) Museum (17/2/Jan/N)
Ngelingi tumrap masyarakat Indonesia museum during dadi barang mirunggan kaya ing mancanegara.
Based on sentence above, Javanese uses museum to say a building in which objects of artistic, historical or scientific interest are displayed. In this case, museum is not Javanese words. Javanese borrows museum into museum without any change or modification. Javanese has no other words to say a “particular building in which
objects of artistic, historical or scientific interest are displayed”. The
using of bangunan khusus kanggo nyimpen barang-barang kuno, kebak sejarah lan barang antic liyane are impossible and ineffectively. Museum has means gedung yang digunakan sebagai tempat untuk pameran tetap benda-benda yg patut mendapat perhatian umum, seperti peninggalan sejarah, seni, dan ilmu; tempat
menyimpan barang kuno (kbbi V 1.3)
(2) Data (15/1/Jan/N)
“Ing kalodhangan iki Tonny kandha yen pehake tansah golek
investor”.
Investor [in‟vestər] is not available in source language (Javanese).
Investor (English) > Investor (Javanese), is direct borrowing
because Javanese borrows it from English without any change or modification word form.
Investor is come from invest, as a verb. But it changes into investor
organization that invest money (Oxford: 629). Investor also means penanam uang (Echols: 330).
Beside that, Investor means penanam uang atau modal; orang yg menanamkan uangnya dl usaha dng tujuan mendapatkan keuntungan (KBBI v 1.3).
b. Loan shift
(1) Data (3/1/Jan/Adj)
“Ensiklopedia wayang Indonesia I-VI” (th 1999) kang dakanggep
komplit, katambahan saka “ensiklopedi wayang purwa” (th 1999) lan “Mengenal Tokoh Wayang Mahabarata.”
Ensiklopedia is borrowed from encyclopedia [In,saikləpi:diə].
Encyclopedia has means a book or a set of books giving information about every branch of knowledge, or about one particular subject (Oxford: 380). Encyclopedia also has means buku (atau serangkaian buku) yang menghimpun keterangan atau uraian tentang berbagai hal dl bidang seni dan ilmu pengetahuan, yang disusun menurut abjad atau menurut lingkungan ilmu (kbbi V 1.3).
Ensiklopedia was borrowed by modifying form of word and adapting into Javanese spelling. Javanese borrows it by changing consonant –y into –i, and changing consonant –c into –k.
(2) Data (5/2/Jan/N)
“Presidhen Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dalah Gubernur DI
Jogyakarta Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X wis ngandhani sapatemon mirunggan sapanemu ngrembug bencening panemu ngenani Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) keistimewaan Jogjakarta”
different form. Javanese language borrows it by deleting consonant –t and inserting consonant –h.
President means the head of state or the head of a bank or a business firm (Oxford: 913). It also means kepala negara (bagi negara yg berbentuk republik (KBBI V1.3) In Javanese, presiden means presidhen, kepala Negara (KBJ: 282)
2. Indirect Borrowings (1) Data (4/1/Jan/N)
“Sebab kepriye2a kondhisi politik kita saiki iki wis maju banget ing babagan strategi, nanging isih ketinggalan banget ing babagan etika lan moral.”
Condition [kən‟diʆ n] is not available in source language (Javanese). It is borrowed into Javanese became kondhisi with some change and modification of consonant and pronunciation.
Kondhisi is belong to indirect borrowing because it borrowed from English > Indonesian > Javanese (Condition > kondisi>Kondhisi).
Kondhisi, is borrowed by modifying the spelling which change the consonant c into k. Beside that, from Indonesia into Javanese there is a change form of consonant d became –dh, and suffix –ion pronounce as -si.
Condition means a state of health or being physically fit or a thing that is necessary to make something else possible (Oxford: 239). Condition also means kondisi, keadaan (Echols: 136)
(2) Data (3/1/Ja n/Adj)
“Ide kreatip saka kanca kita komunitas vespa, dheweke gawe jizpan ing kendharaane kang di kandhaake becak ambulan.”
indirect borrowing because it borrowed from English > Indonesian > Javanese (Creative > kreatif>kreatip).
Kreatip, is borrowed by modifying the spelling which change the consonant c into k, and suffix –ive pronounce as -ip. Creative means able to create things, usually in an imaginative way (Oxford: 273). Creative also means memiliki daya cipta (Echols: 154)
3. Kinds of Sound Replacing English Borrowing
a. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from double consonant into one consonant
boss bos
appreciate apresiasi
The word boss, appreciate, and collect in English text is translated into the word bos, apresiasi, and koleksi in Javanese. The meaning of those words are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing double consonant into one consonant. It has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
1. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from consonant c into k
calendar kalender
public publik
The word calendar, career, and public, translated into the word kalender, publik, and karir in Javanese text. The meaning of those words are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing the consonant –cinto-k. But it has the same sound/k/. The same case also happened in the word computer, icon become komputer, ikon etc.
2. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from consonant –y of the sound /i/ into vowel –i
privacy privasi
type tipe
similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing the consonant –y into-i. But it has the same sound/i/. The same case also happened in the word industry, economy become industri, ekonomi etc. It has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
3. Kinds of sound replacing english borrowing from suffix –ent/ant into – en/an changing suffix –ent/-antinto-en/-an . The same case also happened in the word event, president become even, presiden etc. It has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
4. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from consonant combining v/ve into consonant -f
active aktif
creative kreatif
The word active, creative, and negative translated into the word aktif, kreatif, and negatifin Javanese text. The meaning of those words are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing suffix
-v/-veinto -f. The same case also happened in the word fictive become fiktif.
It has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
5. Kinds of sound replacing english borrowing from suffix (t)ion into suffix -asi/si
composition komposisi
condition kondhisi
organization become organisasi. It has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
D. CONCLUSION
Based on the finding in the analysis, some conclusions can be withdraws
as Follow :
1. The lexical terms used in the Javanese consist of the loan words
(pure borrowing), loan shift, direct borrowing and indirect borrowing. 2. Javanese words (result of borrowing) are generally assimilated with
English or Indonesia, and some are new to the Javanese speakers.
3. There are two reason why borrow language; the prestige motive and the need filling to enrich Javanese lexicon.
4. Mostly, there are two procedures that use to borrow from English into Javanese. they are (a) by applying the intentional modification of spelling
and/or pronunciation(such as: changing the vowels, consonant, or suffix) which that acceptable to the Javanese culture. (b) Applying borrowing without intentionally modification. This kind of translation is pure
borrowing. In this case, the translation takes over fully borrowed word from the English without any change.
5. An English vowel and consonant can be replaced by various vowel and consonant when it borrowed in Javanese language. for example; c became
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SURAT PERSETUJUAN
Yang bertanda tangan ini pembimbing/ skripsi/tugas akhir : Nama : : Drs. Maryadi, MA
NIP/NIK :
Nama : Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D NIP/NIK :
Telah membaca dan mencermati naskah artikel publikasi ilmiah, yang merupakan ringkasan skripsi/tugas akhir dari mahasiswa:
Nama : Yuli Tamtomo
NIM : A 320 070 202
Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Judul Skripsi :
A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH
BORROWINGS
USED
IN
PANJEBAR
SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY, 2011
EDITION
Naskah artikel tersebut, layak dan dapat disetujui untuk dipublikasikan.
Demikian persetujuan dibuat, semoga dapat dipergunakan seperlunya.
Surakarta, 15 Mei 2013
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
SURAT PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
Bismillahirrahmanirrohim
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, saya :
Nama : YULI TAMTOMO NIM/NIK/NIP : A 320 070 202
Fakultas/Jurusan : KIP / BAHASA INGGRIS
Jenis : RESEARCH PAPER
Judul : A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH
BORROWINGS USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY, 2011 EDITION
Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa saya menyetujui untuk :
1. Memberikan hak bebas royalti kepada Perpustakaan UMS atas penulisan karya ilmiah saya, demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan
2. Memberikan hak menyimpan, mengalih mediakan/mengalih formatkan, mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), mendistribusikannya, serta menampilkannya dalam bentuk softcopy untuk kepentingan akademis kepada Perpustakaan UMS, tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta.
3. Bersedia dan menjamin untuk menanggung secara pribadi tanpa melibatkan pihak Perpustakaan UMS, dari semua bentuk tuntutan hukum yang timbul atas pelanggaran hak cipta dalam karya ilmiah ini.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya dan semoga dapat digunakan sebagaimana semestinya
Surakarta, 15 Mei 2013 Yang Menyatakan
