bcc_chap3.ppt 6680KB Jun 23 2011 01:02:34 PM

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Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

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Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Objectives



Input devices and their roles in getting

different types of information into the

computer



Output devices and the ways they make

computers more useful



The functionality of different types of

storage devices



The ways the components of a computer

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Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor

Keyboard

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The most familiar input

device



Used to enter letters, numbers

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_{Standard keyboard} _{Ergonomic keyboards}

_{To address possible medical}

problems

_{Wireless keyboard} _{Folding keyboards}

_{Used with palm-sized} _computers

_{One-handed keyboards}

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Chapter 3

Pointing Devices

_Mouse _Touchpad _{Pointing stick} _Trackball

_Joystick

_{Graphics tablet} _{Touch screen}

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Chapter 3

Reading Tools



Reads marks

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Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



Optical-mark readers



Magnetic-ink character

readers



Bar-code readers

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Pen scanners

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Tablet PC

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Smart whiteboard



Radio Frequency

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Digitizing the Real World

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Scanners capture and digitize

printed images

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Digital camera



Snapshots captured as

digital images



Digital images stored as

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Chapter 3

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Video digitizer



Capture input from a:

_{Video camera}

_{Video cassette recorder or television}



Convert it to a digital signal

_{Stored in memory and displayed on computer screens}

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Videoconferencing

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People in diverse locations can see and hear each other

_{Used to conduct long-distance meetings}

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Audio digitizers

_{Digitize sounds from}

 _Microphones

 _{Other input devices}

_{Digital signals can be}

 _Stored

 _{Further processed with specialized}

software

 _{A digital signal processing chip}

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Speech recognition software

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Sensors

_{Designed to monitor physical} conditions

_{Temperature, humidity, pressure}

_{Provide data used in:}

_Robotics

_{Environmental climate control} _{Weather forecasting}

_{Medical monitoring} _Biofeedback

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Output: From Pulses to People

Screen Output

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A monitor or video display terminal

(VDT) displays characters, graphics,

photographic images, animation and

video

_{Video adapter—connects the monitor to} the computer

_{VRAM or video memory—a special} portion of RAM to hold video images

_{the more video memory, the more picture}

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Chapter 3

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Monitor size: Measured as a diagonal line across the

screen

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Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on the screen

_{Pixels (or picture elements): tiny dots that compose a picture} _{The higher the resolution, the closer together the dots}

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Image quality is affected by resolution and color depth (or

bit depth)

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Chapter 3

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Monitor classes

_{CRTs (cathode-ray tubes)}

_{LCDs (liquid crystal displays) are now more} popular

_{Overhead projection panels} _{Video projectors}

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Paper Output

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Printers produce paper output or hard

copy

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Two basic groups of printers:

_{Impact printers}

_{Line printers}

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_{Non-impact printers}

_{Laser printers}

_{Laser beam reflected off a rotating drum to create}

patterns of electrical charges

_{Faster and more expensive than dot matrix printer} _{High-resolution output}

_{Inkjet printers}

_{Sprays ink onto paper to produce printed text and}

graphic images

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Multifunction printer or MFP combines a scanner,

printer and a fax modem

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Plotter: can produce large, finely scaled engineering

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Fax Machines and Fax Modems

_{Facsimile (fax) machine}

_Sending:

_{fax machine scans each page as an image,}

_{converts the image into a series of electronic pulses,} _{sends those signals over phone lines to another fax.} _Receiving:

_{fax machine uses the signals to reconstruct the image and} _{print black-and-white facsimiles or copies of the originals}

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Chapter 3

Output You Can Hear

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Sound card



Enables the PC to:

_{Accept microphone input}

_{Play music and other sound} through speakers or headphones

_{Process sound in a variety of ways}

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Synthesizers

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Chapter 3

Controlling Other Machines

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Output devices take bit patterns and

turn them into non-digital movements

_{Robot arms}

_{Telephone switchboards} _{Transportation devices}

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Rules of Thumb: Ergonomics and

Health

_{Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed} _{Create a healthy workspace}

_{Build flexibility into your work environment} _{Rest your eyes}

_{Stretch to loosen tight muscles} _{Listen to your body}

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Storage Devices: Input Meets Output

Magnetic Tape

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Can store large amounts of information in a

small space at a relatively low cost



Limitation: sequential data access

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Magnetic Disks

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Random data access

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Floppy disks

_{Provide inexpensive, portable storage}

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Hard disks

_{Non-removable, rigid disks that spin continuously} and rapidly

_{Provide much faster access than a floppy disk}

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Removable media (Zip & Jaz disks)

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Optical Disks

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Use laser beams to read and write bits

of information on the disk surface

_{Not as fast as magnetic hard disks} _{Massive storage capacity}

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CD-ROM

 _{Optical drives that}_read_CD-ROMs

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CD-R

 _WORM_{media (write-once, read many)}

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CD-RW

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Chapter 3

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DVD

(Digital Versatile Disks)

_{Store & distribute all kinds of data}

_{Hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of information}

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DVD-ROM

drives

_{Can play DVD movies, read DVD data disks, read} standard CD-ROMs, and play audio CDs

_{Because they’re read-only, they can’t record data, music, or movies}



DVD-RAM drives

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Solid-State Storage Devices

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Flash memory is an erasable memory chip

_{Sizes range from 16 MB to 1 GB} _{Compact alternative to disk storage} _{Contains no moving parts}

_{Designed for specific applications such as} storing pictures in digital cameras

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Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts

Personal Computers: basic design classes

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Tower systems

_{Tall, narrow boxes that generally have more expansion slots and bays than} other designs

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Flat desktop systems

_{Designed to sit under the monitor like a platform}

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All-in-one systems (like the iMac)

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Portable computers

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Chapter 3

Ports and Slots Revisited

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The system or motherboard includes

several standard ports:

_{Serial Port}_{for attaching devices that} send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems)

_{Parallel Port}_{for attaching devices that} send/receive bits in groups (printers)

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Chapter 3

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Other ports are typically included on

expansion boards rather than the system

board:

_{Video Port}_{used to plug in a color monitor into}

the video board

_{Microphone, speaker, headphone, MIDI}

ports used to attach sound equipment

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local-Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Expansion Made Easy

_{With the PC open architecture and the introduction of new interfaces, you} can hot swap devices.

_{USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port}

_{Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more megabits}

per second

_{High speed makes it ideal for data-intensive work like digital video}

_{FireWire 800}

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Chapter 3

Putting It All Together

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A typical computer system might have several different input,

output, and storage peripherals -- the key is compatibility

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Networks blur the boundaries between computers

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Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals

on a system

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The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system

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Chapter 3

Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals

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Tomorrow’s Storage

 _{Smaller disks that hold more}

 _{a single-electron memory chip the size of a}

thumbnail that can store all the sounds and images of a full-length feature film

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Tomorrow’s Output

 _{Flat-panel screens are replacing desktop CRTs at}

an ever-increasing rate

 _{Retinal display that works without a screen}

You can count how many seeds are in the apple, but not how many apples are in the seed.

—Ken Kesey, author of

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Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals

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Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors

 _{More sophisticated devices will serve}

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Chapter 3

Lesson Summary

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Peripherals allow computer to

communicate with the outside world

and store information for later use

information



The most common input devices today

are the keyboard and the mouse



A variety of other input devices can

be connected to the computer

A computer terminal is not some

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Chapter 3

Lesson Summary



Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept

strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a

form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer

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Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with

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Chapter 3

Lesson Summary



Network connections make it possible for computers to

communicate with one another directly

As a rule, men worrymore

about what they can’t see