A STUDY ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF
CONSONANTS: A CASE STUDY OF JAVANESE
LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
THESIS
Submitted to the Department of Language Studies,
Graduate School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Education
A Thesis
by
Mukhamad Luthfi Ali
ID No. S 200110068
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
GRADUATE SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
MUKHAMAD LUTHFI ALI. S200110068. A STUDY ON THE
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS: A CASE STUDY OF JAVANESE
LEARNERS OF ENGLISH. Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2016.
The present research is to investigate the characteristic pronunciation of consonant difficulties encountered by Javanese learners of English. The idea for this study has risen out when the researcher teaching English at one of senior high school in central Java. The researcher often found the lack of systematic of sound system produced by Indonesian EFL learners, especially on consonant sounds. In this research, the researcher used descriptive method, which is appropriate to the research. In collecting the data, the present study applied direct observation. Subject of the research are 20 Javanese learners of English which have gotten the material of English pronunciation. From 21 consonants that studied, the researcher found 12 sound shifts done by JLE, they are; /f/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /b/, /g/, /d/, /ʃ/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʒ/, /z/, and /v/. The most difficult sound that found by the researcher was /ʒ/. JLE could only pronounce 9.28% correctly. This phoneme also has 7 sound changes. Most of them change it into /dʒ/ in initial position, /ʃ/ in medial position, and /dʒ/ in final position. The researcher also found that the position of sounds in initial, medial, and final influences the sound shift. Those difficulties appear because of three major problems; the differences in the phonemic systems between English and Javanese, the non-existence of consonant clusters in Javanese, and a systematic deviation.
ABSTRAK
MUKHAMAD LUTHFI ALI. S200110068. A STUDY ON THE
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS: A CASE STUDY OF JAVANESE
LEARNERS OF ENGLISH. Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2016.
Penelitan ini meneliti tentang kesulitan cara pengucapan bunyi konsonan yang dialami oleh pembelajar Bahasa Inggris berlatar belakang Jawa. Ide dari penelitian ini muncul ketika peneliti mengajar Bahasa Inggris di salah satu sekolah menengah atas di Jawa Tengah. Peneliti juga menemukan hilangnya sistem bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh pembelajar EFL berlatar belakang Indonesia, khususnya pada bunyi konsonan. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengamatan langsung untuk mengumpulkan data. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 pembelajar Bahasa Inggris berlatar belakang Jawa yang pernah mendapatkan materi English Pronunciation.
Dari 21 konsonan yang diteliti, peneliti menemukan 12 perubahan bunyi yang dilakukan oleh pembelajar Bahasa Inggris berlatar belakang Jawa, antara lain bunyi /f/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /b/, /g/, /d/, /ʃ/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʒ/, /z/, and /v/. Bunyi yang paling sulit yang ditemukan oleh peneliti adalah bunyi /ʒ/. Hanya 9,28% yang diucapkan dengan benar oleh para pembelajar Bahasa Inggris berlatar belakang Jawa. Bunyi ini juga mengalami 7 perubuhan bunyi. Kebanyakan para pembelajar Bahasa Inggris berlatar belakang Jawa mengubahnya menjadi bunyi /dʒ/ di depan, bunyi /ʃ/ di tengah, dan bunyi /dʒ/ di belakang. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa posisi bunyi di depan, tengah, dan belakang mempengaruhi perubahan bunyi. Kesulitan-kesulitan tersebut muncul karena tiga masalah utama; perbedaan system fonemis antara Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Jawa, tidak adanya konsonan kluster dalam Bahasa Jawa, dan penyimpangan yang sistematis.
MOTTO
MOTTO:
☺
Dream it, plan it, pray it, do it.☺
Do the best thing and don’t wait till tomorrow what you can do today.☺
Do something honesty and sincerely.DEDICATION
The following people are those who I admire the most and would like to give my deepest thanks to:
His beloved dad, Faijun Sudiharjo, S. Pd. and mom, Nur Endah Sulistyowati, S. Pd.
His beloved wife, Madania Kusumawardani, S.Kom.
His Brothers M. Verdy Averos and M. Heldy Ardiansyah and my sister Nurmalita Kurnia Wulandari.
All of his friends of MPB 2011 (Pak Trisno Solo, Mas Agung, Mas Heri, Bu Wiwik, Bu Jamiyati and the others)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirabil’alamin, the researcher says thanks to Allah SWT for the merciful and blessing in order that the researcher can finish this thesis from the first up to the last.
It has been realized by the researcher that this writing would never been completed comprehensively without any help from others, and actually many people have contributed spiritually or physically for this thesis. The researcher would like to express the deepest gratitude and an appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, as the Rector of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH., M.Hum, as the director of Graduate Program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the head of Magister Language Study of which has helped the writer to shape up this work.
6. The participants of the research who have helped the researcher to submit the data.
7. His beloved father (Faijun Sudiharjo, S.Pd.) and mother (Nur Endah Sulistyowati, S.Pd.), who always gives his the support and pray the researcher to finish this thesis.
8. His beloved wife, Madania Kusumawardani, S.Kom., who always give her supports, her prays, and her loves everyday and every time.
10.The big family of Post Graduate Program of Language Studies Department 2011 for the encouragement and motivation to finish the thesis.
11.All of his friends who give the support and the spirit for the researcher to finish this thesis.
The researcher realized that this thesis is far from being perfect, in order to make this thesis be better, the researcher hopes the comment, and suggestion to complete this thesis. The researcher also hopes this is useful for the readers and the others.
Surakarta, October 2016 The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
PRIMARY SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM ... ii
CO-SUPERVISOR’S APPROVAL FORM ... iii
APPROVAL OF THESIS FORSUBMISSION ... iv
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ... v
ABSTRACT ... vi
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Limitation of Study ... 6
C. Statements of the Problems ... 6
D. Objectives of the Study ... 7
E. Significants of the Study ... 7
F. Definition of the Key Terms ... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORY ... 9
A. Previous Study ... 9
B. Review of Literature ... 16
1. The Concept of Pronunciation ... 16
2. Factor that Affect the Mastering of Pronunciation ... 18
3. Accent ... 19
4. Non-native Accent ... 21
5. Java Accent ... 23
6. Influence of Java Accent Toward English Pronunciation ... 24
8. English and Javanese Sound System ... 42
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ... 46
A. Type of the study ... 46
B. Setting of the study ... 48
C. Subject of the study ... 48
D. Data and Data sources ... 49
E. Technique of Collecting the Data ... 50
F. Data Validity ... 50
G. Technique of Data Analysis ... 51
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 53
A. Research Findings ... 53
1. The Consonants Sound Shifts of English Pronunciation Done by Javanese Learners of English ... 53
2. The Variations of English Pronunciation Done by Javanese Learners of English ... 65
3. The most difficult sounds pronounced by Javanese learners of English ... 84
B. Discussions ... 87
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND RECOMMENDATION .. 99
A. Conclusions ... 99
B. Implication ... 100
C. Recommendation... 101 BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES 25 2.25 English consonants (MacCarthy, 1960) 43 26 2.26 Javanese consonants (Marsono, 1987) 44 27 4.14 Comparison between the articulatory movements of
LIST OF APPENDICES
No. Name of Appendices
1 Instrument
2 Phonetics transcription
3 The result of pronunciation done by the participants 4 The variations of pronunciation done by the participants
