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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ….………. i
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ………. ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ……..………. iii
E G A P O T T O
M ………..………. vi
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ……...………. v
Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S ……….. iv I
S A K I L B U P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E
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S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T …...……… xi
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A ……….……… iix
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ……….. 1 .
A Backgroundoft heStudy………. 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton……… 4 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy……… 4 .
D De ifniitono fTerm s………. 4
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
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1 Theoryo fCharacter s………... 01 .
2 Theoryo fCharacte irzaiton………. 11 .
3 Theoryo fCharacte rDevelopmen t………. 41 .
4 RelaitonbetweenLtieratureandPsychology………. 51 .
5 TheoryonPersonaltiyandPersonaltiyDevelopmen t……. 51 .
6 FactorsI n lfuencingHumanPersonaltiyDevelopmen t…... 61 .. … … … … … … … … … … … s n o it o m E f o e c n e u lf n I e h T .
a 71
. … … … … … … … … … … … … y li m a F f o e c n e u lf n I e h T .
b 91
… … … … … … … … … … t n e m n o ri v n E f o e c n e u lf n I e h T .
c 02
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Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
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1 I R E T P A H C
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.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
d n a r a a L e d n a V y b d e t a t s s A . r o h t u a n a o t n o it a l e r s a h k r o w y r a r e ti l A
e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h t t u o b a d r e o w r e d n o o h c
S tween t he authors’s lfieand hi so rhe r k
o o b r i e h t n i k r o
w AnApproacht oEngilshLtierature:
i
Dreclty o r indrieclty , consciou s o r unconsciously , every noveils t e h t f o e m o s d n a e fi l f o w e i v n i a tr e c a l e v o n s i h n i s t n e s e r p y li r a s s e c e n
,s t n e d i c n i s t n e s e r p e r e H . e fi l f o s m e l b o r
p characters ,moitves ,etci ns ucha a
y lt c e ri d s s e l r o e r o m l a e v e r o t s a y a
w nd clealry the way in which he
.) 4 7 1 : 9 6 9 1 ( e fi l f o s m e l b o r p e h t n o p u s k o o l
t n e m e t a t s e h t n o d e s a
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n u o r r u
s i ng an author .I talso view sproblem so rincident shappened around .
r e h / m i
h Oneoft hel tierary worksi snovel .A nove lgivesi nformaiton aboutt he t
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s i
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e hi swork i ncluding depression ,sorrow , .
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n
I Theory o fLtierature ,Wellek and Warren sugges ttha tthe work so f l
s y a rt r o p e r u t a r e ti
l fieasr ealtiy .Theyalso state: “Ltieraturel ook s ilkear eall fie e h t t n e s e r p s k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t e s u a c e b s e v il n a m u h f o n o it a rt s u ll i n a s i tI . ti a rt r o p
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2
TheDiaryo faYoungGrili soneoft heexamples . tIi san autobiographica l
. k n a r F e n n A f o y r a i d a n o d e s a b l e v o
n Accordingt oFieldEnterp irse sEducaitona l
s ’ n o it a r o p r o
C TheWorld Book Encyclopedia ,adiary i sanotebook containing a y
a
d - yb -day accoun tof persona lexpeirence s(1971 :150 .) TheDiary o fa Young l
r i
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a r g o i b e h t s i t i e c n i s l e v o n l a c i h p a r g o i b o t u
a phy o fonesel fnarrated by onesefl .
e b l li w n o it a n a l p x e r e h tr u
F presentedi nChapte r II.I
In w iritng thi sstudy, the wrtier chooses a work en itlted The Diary o fa .l
r i G g n u o
Y tIi sabou tadiarykep tbyaJ ewishgri lnamedAnneFrankf ort het wo S
. s r a e
y h e wa sforced to ilve in hiding by the Naz ipersecuiton o fthe Jew so f
s u g u A d n a 2 4 9 1 e n u J n e e w t e B . e p o r u
E t1944 which was from he rthitreenth
g n i h t y r e v e e t o r w e h s , y a d h tr i b h t n e e tf if r e h r e tf a l it n u y a d h tr i
b in t he diary .The
f o t n e s e r p e h t s i fl e s ti y r a i
d hert hitreenthbi trhdayf romherf ather ,OttoFrank.
r o , e n o e m o s d e t n a w e h s e s u a c e b d e ti c x e s a w e n n A , y r a i d e h t g n i v a H
d e tr a t s e n n A . t h g u o h t t e r c e s d n a s m e l b o r p r e h l l a e d if n o c o t h c i h w n i , g n i h t e m o s
s e t a m s s a l c r e h , s t h g u o h t r e h , s t n e v e y li a d t u o b a g n it ir
w ,and boys .But ,wtihin a
. d e g n a h c e fi l e ri t n e r e h , h t n o m
y n a m r e G n i s w e J s
A , t heFrank famiile swereafraid oft hei r ilves .I twa s
t a c i d n
i ed when Anne’ ssister ,Margot ,wa scalled to appea rbefore autho irites ,
b d l u o w e h s n a e m d l u o w h c i h
k n a r F e h t ,s r a e y o w t r o
F and Van Daan f amliyand also Mr .Dussel eil d v
t e r c e S n
i Annex .Al lo fthem ilved there unit lthey were arrested on Augus t4 ,
o tt O . s p m a c n o it a rt n e c n o c s u o ir a v o t t n e s d n a 4 4 9
1 Frankwast heonlys urvivo .r
r n
I eading the book , the wrtier si interested in examining Anne’ s
y ti l a n o s r e
p development a sadolescence .Beside ,s t hewrtier i salso i nterested i n
.t i g n i c n e u lf n i s r o t c a f e h t g n i n i m a x
e The wrtie rsee stha tAnne’ spersonaltiy
s p o l e v e
d undert hei n lfuenceo fsome tfaco .rs Therefore, t hrough t hecharacte ro f
e h t t u o b a y l p e e d y d u t s o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , k n a r F e n n
A Anne’s personaltiy
e h t d n a t n e m p o l e v e
d factorsi n lfuencingi .t
k o o b r e h n i s e t a t s k c o lr u
H PersonaltiyDevelopment:
w t s e t a e r g s i y ti l a n o s r e p n o e c n e u lf n i y li m a
F hen t he majo rpar to fone’ s
d n a e m o h e h t n i t n e p s s i e m
it wtiht hemember soft hef amliy .Theamoun t t n a c if i n g i s w o h f o s t n a n i m r e t e d f e i h c e h t f o e n o s i n o s r e p a h ti w t n e p s u o y
, s e d u ti tt a s i h e c n e u lf n i h c u m w o h d n a e fi l r u o y n i e b l li w n o s r e p t a h t
, s e u l a
v and behavio rwli lhave on you rbehavio rand on you ratttiude f
l e s d r a w o
t (1974 :351 .)
k c o lr u
H alsostatest ha tone’ spersonaltiy develop sunderthei n lfuenceo f
d n u o r a e l p o e
p him o rher .Famliy and envrionmen thave a role in forming an
n o s r e p s ’t n e c s e l o d
a altiy( 1974 :234-352).
n o d e s a
B the statement sabove ,the wrtie rsee stha tAnne expe irence s
s n o it o m
e which give contirbuiton t o he rpersonaltiy development .The emo itons
m e e s s e v l e s m e h
t to be re lfecte d in Anne through some people wtih whom she
. s e t a i c o s s
a Through he r two year s in hiding , Anne expeirence s change o f
I . y ti l a n o s r e
p nsho tr ,Annegetsi n lfuencesf romsomepeoplenea randaroundhe r
4
c o f o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , e v o b a n o it a n a l p x e e h t n o d e s a
B ust hiss tudyont he
t c a
f ors i n lfuencing Anne’ spersonaltiy .Thewrtie rsee stha tholocaust ast he par t
c o s f
o ia lenvrionment ,famliy ,peer ,and socia lenvrionmen tare taking par tin
. y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n n A g n it u b ir t n o
c Thi sstudy ,therefore , aim sto show Anne’ s
n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e
p t unde r the in lfuence o f emoiton under holocaust
t n e m n o ri v n
e , famliy , and socia l envrionmen t demonsrtated by some othe r
s r e t c a r a h
c tt ha arei nhidingi nSecre tAnnexe.
.
B ProblemFormula iton
f o e c i o h c e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t d n a l e v o n e h t f o y r o t s e h t n o d e s a
B the
i d e s s u c s i d e b o t s m e l b o r p e e r h t s e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h t ,t c e j b u
s nt hi sstudy.
.
1 Howi sthemaincharacter ,Anne ,descirbed?
.
2 Howi sAnne’spersonaltiydevelopmen tpresented?
.
3 W hataret hef actorsi n lfuencingAnne’ spersonaltiydevelopment?
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
s i h t n
I study,t hedevelopmen to fAnne’ spersonaltiyundert hei n lfuenceo f
s r o t c a f e l b i s s o p e m o
s wli lbeanalyzed .Thi sstudy i s i ntended ,frislty, t o seethe
r e t c a r a h
c o fAnne Frank descirbed before t he development. Secondly, t he study
t s d n e t n
i o ifndoutt hepersonaltiydevelopmen to fAnne .Andt hel asti st o ifndou t
s r o t c a f e l b i s s o p e m o
s involved a sseen inAnneFrank:t heDiaryo faYoung Gir l .
.
D Deifni itono fTerms
l e r s i y d u t s e h
T atedt o psychology. Inordert o avoid misunderstanding o f
e r e h t , n o it i n if e
d ares ometerm susedneedstobeclairifed.
.
1 Personaltiy
d e t a t s s
A byMagli linInterna itona lEncyclopediao fPsychology ,personaltiyi s t
a h t s r o i v a h e b d n a , s g n il e e f , s t h g u o h t f o n o it a n i b m o c e u q i n u e h
t make an
n i l e u m a S e li h W . ) 8 2 2 1 : 6 9 9 1 ( s r e h t o m o r f t c n it s i d l a u d i v i d n
i Personaltiy :
r o i v a h e B n a m u H f o s e c r u o S e h t r o f g n i h c r a e
S state s tha tpersonaltiy i sthe
e z ir e t c a r a h c t a h t ) n o it o m e d n a t h g u o h t g n i d u l c n i( r o i v a h e b f o s n r e tt a p e v it c n it s i d
a u d i v i d n i h c a
6 I I R E T P A H C
E R O E H
T TICALREVIEW
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
s ’ k n a r F e n n
A The Diary o fa Young Girl i san autobiographical nove l .
fl e s r e h k n a r F e n n A y b n e tt ir w y r a i d e h t n o d e s a
b TheDiaryo faYoung Girli sa
ll e
w -known autobiographica lnovel .Then, i tcannot be argued fi t hereare some ,
s e i d u t
s c iritcism sa swel lascomment sabouti .t l
e v o n e h t g n i z y l a n a n
I TheDiaryo fa Young Girl ,thewrtie rprovidest he ,
y d u t s s u o i v e r
p ciritcism so rcomment sabou tThe Diary o fa Young Gril .The o
r f n e k a t s i y d u t s s u o i v e r
p m the thesi so fSanata Dharma Universtiy’ s2005 n
o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n
E Study Program by Hend irkaViviana .In he rstudy, :
s y a s e h s
s a r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p e h t s n r e c n o c y d u t s s i h T
d n a l a c i s y h p h t o b , t n e m n o ri v n e e h t y b d e c n e u lf n
i sociali n theDiaryo fa
. k n a r F e n n A : l r i G g n u o
Y Both envrionment shavesuch kind o fcondiiton k
n a r F e n n A , r e t c a r a h c n a m e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t s e c n e u lf n i t a h
t (2005 :
.) ii i x
e h
T topicoft hepreviou sstudy ist hepersonaltiydevelopmen toft hemain c
a r a h
c t e.rI tconcern son t heenvrionmen tast hedeterminanti n lfuencingt hemain .
t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h
c Theenvrionments ,both physica land socia l . t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c n i a m d r a w o t e c n e u lf n i e v a h , t n e m n o ri v n e
t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h
o
d i tall .And i fi tt ire sto ,i twon’ twork.” The wrtie rsee stha tthe Diary i sa
e n n A d e m a n l ri g g n u o y a f o e l g n a e h t , e l g n a t n e r e f fi d n i t s u a c o l o h f o s s e n ti w
. k n a r F
m s i c it ir c t x e n e h
T o rcommen ti staken from Time Magazine senitlted
“TheDiaryo faYoungGi lr”. Thearitclei sw irttenbyPau lGray .Inthearitcle ,he
r w i et s:
; s t h g u o h t e t a v ir p r e h g n it ir w n a g e b e h s n e h w 3 1 y l e r a b s a w k n a r F e n n A
r e h h ti w g n o l a c it t a m a d r e t s m A n a n i s i z a N e h t m o r f g n i d i h s a w e h s
e r e w l l a , r e t a l s r a e y o w T . e l p o e p r e h t o r u o f d n a r e t s i s r e h , s t n e r a p
o o b r e h t u b , e v i v r u s t o n d i d k n a r F . d e r u t p a
c kdid-discoveredatfert hewar . t
s e b e h t e m a c e b t i , s n o it a t p a d a d n a s n o it a l s n a rt s ti n
I -known persona l
e
m moi roft heHolocaus tyears (h ttp://proques.tum.icom, 2010).
s w e i v e r y a r G , e r e
H theb ire fsummary o fTheDiary o fa Young Girl . In
h ti w g n o l a c it t a m a d r e t s m A n a n i s i z a N e h t m o r f g n i d i h s a w e n n A , 3 1 f o e g a e h t
. e l p o e p r e h t o r u o f d n a , r e t s i s r e h , s t n e r a p r e
h Healsosayst ha tAnne’ sbookwhich
t s e b e h t s e m o c e b , r a w e h t r e tf a d e r e v o c s i d s
i -known persona lmemoi ro fthe
s r a e y t s u a c o l o
H .Compairng wtih t hef ris taritclefrom Karen Sp irngen ,thereare
r e h t
o b -estknown persona lmemoris o fHolocaus tyear sbeside The Diary o fa
.l r i G g n u o Y
d e s a
B on the related studies above ,the comment sand the ciritcism sare
t u a e h t t u o b
a ho rand t he novel ,wh lie t he previou sstudy i sabout t he impac to f
s e d i h e n n A e r e h w e c a l p e h t d n a t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t s a y li m a f
y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n n A g n i p a h s n i t n e m n o ri v n e l a c i s y h p f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t s a
. t n e m p o l e v e
d Then ,the wrtie rdoe sno ttake any side o fthe commen to rthe
0 1
t n e m p o l e v e
d . The wrtie r wli l analyze personaltiy development unde r the
f o n o it u b ir t n o
c somef actor ssuch a senvrionment .In othe rword ,s t hestudyput s
o l o h c y s p e h t n o n o it n e tt
a gica lin lfuence toward he rpersonaltiy developmen tin
.l ri G g n u o Y a f o y r a i D e h T
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
e r e h t ,r e h tr u f d e s s u c s i d e b l li w t a h t n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t g n ir e w s n a n I
o t e h t o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e m o s e r
a pict ha taret aken f romsevera lsources ,such a s
n o y r o e h t ,r e t c a r a h c n o y r o e h
t characteirzaiton,t heory on characte rdevelopment ,
d n a y ti l a n o s r e p n o y r o e h t d n a , y g o l o h c y s p d n a e r u t a r e ti l n e e w t e b n o it a l e r e h t
.t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p
.
1 TheoryofCharacter
An autho r present s the character s wtih physica l and psychologica l
e k a m o t t h g u o h t d n a , r o i v a h e b , s e u g o l a i d y b d e b ir c s e d e r a s r e t c a r a h C . e c n a r a e p p a
s m a r b A . g n i e b n a m u h y r a n i d r o e k il t s u j m e h
t in A Glossary o fLtierary Term s
: s e n if e d
n o s r e p e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h
C spresented i n adramaitco rnarraitvework ,who d n a l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a s r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a
y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it i s o p s i
d – thedialogue–
o d y e h t t a h w y b d n
a – theaciton( 1981: 02 .)
m a r b A , li a t e d e r o m n
I sstate s tha t a s people presented in the story ,
e v a h y e h T . s g n i e b n a m u h l a e r s a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e m a s e h t e v a h s r e t c a r a h c
e m o c e b l li w e r u t a n l a r o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e t ri e h T . e r u t a n l a r o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e t
a h c , y r o t s e h t n I .s n o it c a d n a s e h c e e p s r i e h t f o s i s a b e h
a s a r o t n e m p o l e v e d s ti h g u o r h t e g n a h c l a c i d a r a o g r e d n u y a m r o d e g n a h c n u r o
.) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( fl e s ti y r o t s e h t n i s i s ir c e m e rt x e n a f o t l u s e r
t g n i d r o c c
A o Mary Rohrberge rand Samue lWood sJr .in thei rbook
g n i d a e
R and Wriitng abou tLtierature ,acharacteri sa person who act sout i n a
e b t s u m s r e t c a r a h c , r e v o e r o M . s t n e v e f o n r e tt a p a n i e c a l p d n a e m it r a l u c it r a p
a m e h t t p e c c a t s u m s r e d a e r ,s i t a h t , e l b i d e r
c sbeilevablepeople( 1971 :20.)
e t c a r a h c t a h t s e t a t s e l k n e
H r scan bedescirbedasmajo ro rsecondaryones .
y e h T . l e v o n a n i s r e t c a r a h c x e l p m o c d n a t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h c r o j a M
n o p u , n o it c n u f ,l a r u t c u rt s y e k a m r o f r e p y e h t e s u a c e b n o it n e tt a t s e ll u f r u o e v r e s e d
fi h s , n o it a c if i d o m n i h c i h w , s e ri s e d d n a n o it a t c e p x e d li u b e w m e h
t testabilsh ou r
e r o m m r o fr e p t a h t s r e t c a r a h c e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h c y r a d n o c e s e h t , e li h w n a e M . s e u l a v
: 7 7 9 1 ( t o n e r a s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m t a h t s y a w n i d e ti m il e r a y e h T . n o it c n u f d e ti m il
.) 0 2
.
2 Theoryo fCharacteriza iton
According to Rohrberge r and Woods, character s have paritcular
s e it il a n o s r e
p and physica latt irbutest ha tdisitnguish t hem from othe rcharacters .
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d e ll a c s i r e t c a r a h c e h t s e t a e r c r o h t u a n a h c i h w y b s s e c o r p e h T
2 : 1 7 9 1
( 0) .Characteirzaiton r eferst o ther epresentaitono fperson sin narraitveo r
s k r o w e v it a m a r
d (Baldick ,1991 :34 .)
s m a r b
A present stwo methods o fcharacte rporrtayal .The method sare
r o h t u a e h t , d o h t e m r e m r o f e h t n I . ) 1 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( s d o h t e m g n i w o h S d n a g n il l e T
n e tf o r o e b ir c s e d o t r e d r o n i y l e v it a ti r o h t u a e n e v r e t n i n a c f l e s m i
n i v i g s i e h , n o i n i p o n a d r a w r o f s t u p e h r e v e n e h w , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o
c g t he
s r e d a e
r omecluest ohi scharacter( 1972 :164 .)
.
d Pas tLfi e
e p a h s n i d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t e u l c a r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c e fi l t s a p n o s r e p A
h g u o r h t ,r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t c e ri d a y b e n o d e b n a c s i h T . r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a
u o r h t ,s t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e p e h
t ghhi sconversaiton ,ort hrought hemediumo fanothe r
.) 6 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( n o s r e
p
.
e Conversa itono fOthers
e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t e u l c a r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h T
k l a t o d e l p o e P . m i h t u o b a y a s y e h t g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c
t u o b
a othe rpeopleandt heyt hingt heysayo tfengiveacluet ot hecharacte roft he
.) 7 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( t u o b a n e k o p s n o s r e p
.f Reaciton
e h t g n it t e l y b r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t e u l c a r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h T
s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o h w o n k r e d a e
r andevents( 1972 :168 .)
.
g Direc tComment
: 2 7 9 1 ( y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a n o t n e m m o c r o e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T
.) 0 7 1
.
h Thoughts
s i n o s r e p t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h
T thinking
e b t o n n a c t u b s r e d a e r e h t y b n e e s e b n a c t I .t u o b
a seenbyothe rcharactersi n t he
.) 1 7 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( y r o t
e m o s n i e g n a h c t n e n a m r e p a s e c n e ir e p x e t I . ) 1 7 : 4 7 9 1 ( r e t c a r a h c g n i p o l e v e d
s i d s i h f o t c e p s
a posiiton ,personaltiy ,o roultook .Hei snott hesamepersona she
e g n a h c e h T . r e t c a r a h c w e n a o t n i s e g n a h c e H . y r o t s e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h t t a s a w
s i t i t u b , e n o l l a m s a r o e g r a l a e b y a m , e s r o w r o f r o r e tt e b r o f e b d l u o c
d n a , c i s a b d n a t n a tr o p m i g n i h t e m o s
“ moret hanamino rchangei nopinion”( 1974 :
. ) 1 7
.
4 TheRela itonbetweenLtieratureandPsychology
o t a i d e m e h t e b n a c t a h t s t c e j b u s o w t e r a y g o l o h c y s p d n a e r u t a r e ti L
k o o b s i h n i h s il a K o t g n i d r o c c A . e fi l n a m u h e r o l p x
e ThePsychology o fHuman
,r o i v a h e
B til eratureholdst hemriro rupt ot heman .Goodwrtier so rnoveilst scan
e fi l e r o m s m e e s m e h t e k a m d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n il e e f e h t e t a c i n u m m o
c -ilke
e h T . e b ir c s e d o t t p m e tt a t s i g o l o h c y s p e h t r o i v a h e b e s o h w e l p o e p l a e r e h t n a h t
i d n a t s r e d n u e h t e s u n a c s r e ti r
w ng o fhuman behavio rby drawing from t he deep
.) 8 : 3 7 9 1 ( s r o h t u a d o o g f o y ti v it i s n e s
k o o b s i h n i n ir e u G e li h
W A Handbook o f Criitca l Approache s to
, e r u t a r e ti
L clairife sthe relaitonship between ltierature and psychologica ltheory
n a s a d e s u y ll a u s u s i t a h
t interpreitvet oo lbymodernciritcs( 1979 :120 .)
.
5 TheoryofPersonaltiyandPersonaltiyDevelopment
y ti l a n o s r e p f o y r o e h t e h
T used in thi sstudy i sconducted by Hu lrock .
e h t s i n r e tt a p y ti l a n o s r e p s ’l a u d i v i d n i n a , ) 9 1 : 4 7 9 1 ( k c o lr u H o t g n i d r o c c A
o t c u d o r
8 1
y g o l o h c y s P f o a i d e p o l c y c n
E by Raymond J .Corsin iare “a basic componen to f
y fi c e p s o t tl u c if fi d d n a e v i s u l e n e e b s a h e r u t a n t c a x e r i e h t t u b , e c n e ir e p x e n a m u h
. ” ) 8 7 4 . p (
n o it o m e n a f o n o it a r u d d n a y ti s n e t n i e h t. t a h t d i a s o s l a ) 3 0 2 : 4 7 9 1 ( k c o lr u H
. y ti l a n o s r e p e h t t c e f f a l li w t i w o h e n i m r e t e
d Clarke ,Ailson ,SusanF iredman ,and
k o o b r i e h t n i h c a K e n n a o
J Chlid Development(1985 :293 )presen tsevera lkind s
it o m e f o s d n i k e e r h t t n e s e r p y l n o l li w r e ti r w e h t t u b , s n o it o m e f
o on s tha t
e n n A y b d e c n e ir e p x
e unde rholocaus tenvrionment ,the main character fo The
lr i G g n u o Y a f o y r a i
D ,du irnghe rhidingi nt heSecre tAnnexea sbelow:
. 1 F ear
, e r a c , d e t a it n e r e f fi d f o t e s a s i r a e f t a h t s k r a m e r ) 6 7 2 : 5 8 9 1 ( l a t e e k r a l C
s i h t d r a g e r s e u g a e ll o c r e h d n a e k r a l C . h t a e d o t h tr i b m o r f s t s i x e t a h t s n o it o m e
e h t s a n o it o m
e mos tdangerou sof t he emoiton s(1985:265 )becausepeople may
. e c n e ir e p x e y a m e l p o e p o s l a d n a t i f o e i
d perceptua lchanges tha tnarrow thei r
r a e f f o e s u a c e b y l n o t n e m e v o m r i e h t e z e e r f d n a , g n i k n i h t r i e h t w o l s , n o i s i v
.) 5 6 2 : 5 8 9 1 (
. 2 Guitl
5 5 : 5 8 9 1 ( l a t e e k r a l
C 9)r emarkst ha tasenseo fguli tcomp irsest hef eeilng so f
e h t n i y ll a r e n e g g n i e b f o d n a , li v e g n i h t e m o s e n o d , n i s a n i d e tt i m m o c g n i v a h
.t n e m h s i n u p g n i v r e s e d d n a g n o r w
.
3 Empathy
8 8 2 : 5 8 9 1 ( l a t e e k r a l
C -290 )said t ha tempathy may airse when an i ndividua l
a m
0 2
.s e u l a v ’ s e l p o e
p Stli,laccordingt oKailsh(1973 :205 )whos tatest ha t“lateri nlfie
l a it n e u lf n i t s o m e h t e r a s t n e r a p e h t t u b , t n a tr o p m i e m o c e b o s l a e l p o e p r e h t o
” . o s n i a m e r y ll a u s u y e h t d n a s r a e y w e f t s ri f e h t n i s e r u g
if
e r a s t n e r a p t a h t e u rt s i t
I regarded a sthe mos tin lfuen ita l ifgure sin the
. d li h c a f o t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e
p Thi s i s because the chlid’ s fris t socia l
y l n i a m n e r d li h c m o h w m o r f s t n e r a P . s e v il e h h c i h w n i e m o h e h t s i t n e m n o ri v n e
t e
g thei r ea lry expeirence s play the dominan t role in shaping chlidren’ s
a n o s r e
p ltiypatterns .Hu lrock( 1974 :352)states:
d e h s il b a t s e s i d li h c g n u o y e h t n i t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p f o n r e tt a p e h T
. s t n e r a p e h t h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r s i h f o k r o w e m a r f e h t n i h ti w y li r a m ir p
o s f e i h c e h t e t u ti t s n o c s t n e r a p e h t , s r a e y t s e il r a e n e r d li h c e h t g n ir u
D cia l
.s e c n e ir e p x e d li h c e h t h c i h w s e c n e u lf n i
.
c T I he n lfuence Eo f nvironment
e d i s e
B s thei n lfuenceoff amliy ,one’ spersonaltiyi salsos hapedandi n lfuenced
e h t y
b envrionmenti nwhich t hei ndividua l ilves .Ast hewrtierstatedbefore,t he
e r e h t n e m n o ri v n
e ist hes ocia lenvrionment .I tmeanst ha tpeopleoutsidet hehome
e p a h s o t e l o r a e v a h y a
m one’ spersonaltiy.
k c o lr u H , n o it i d d a n
I (1974 :234) in he rbook Personaltiy Developmen tsay s
a “ , t a h
t dutl soutside the home may also affec tyoung chlidren’ ssocia latttiude s
l li w y e h t , e r a y e h t n a h t r e d l o e l p o e p h ti w e t a i c o s s a n e r d li h c n e h W . r o i v a h e b d n a
f o s n r e tt a p e r u t a m e r o m p o l e v e d , o s g n i o d y b d n a , m e h t h ti w p u p e e k o t e v ir t s
r i e h t n a h t r o i v a h e
.
C Theoreitca lFramework
b a s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r f o w e i v e r e h
T ovewli lhelpt hewrtiert odot heanalysi s
C n
i hapte r4 .Thef ristt heoryt hatt hewrtie rusedi st het heo ire soncharacte rand
d n a e d u ti tt a s ’ k n a r F e n n A e z y l a n a o t d e s u e r a s e ir o e h t e s o h T . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
t s e h t f o d n e e h t o t g n i n n i g e b e h t m o r f r o i v a h e
b ory , ifnd ou tthe descirpiton o f
s i h h g u o r h t k n a r F e n n A f o r e t c a r a h c e h t d n a t s r e d n u d n a , r e t c a r a h c s ’ k n a r F e n n A
.s e u g o l a i d d n a s n o it c a
y r o e h t s i h T . t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c n o y r o e h t e h t s i y r o e h t d n o c e s e h T
a h c s ’ k n a r F e n n A w o h d n a t s r e d n u o t r e ti r w e h t s p l e
h racte rdevelop sdu irng the
n i n i m a x e r e tf A . y r o t
s g t he descirpiton o fAnneFrank’ scharacte,r i tcan be seen
e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c s i h f o g n i g n a h c e h t h g u o r h t n w o h s s i r e t c a r a h c s i h t a h t
. y r o t s e h t f o d n e e h t o t g n i n n i g e b
s i y r o e h t d ri h t e h
T thet heory onpersonaltiyandpersonaltiydevelopment .
t u o d n if o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t , s e ir o e h t o w t e s e h t g n i s u y
B the personaltiy
e d i s e B . k n a r F e n n A f o t n e m p o l e v e
d s ,thewrtie ralso want sto ifndou tthef actor s
n n A g n i c n e u lf n
i e’ s personaltiy development. Then , the theory fo factor s
s r o t c a f e h t t u o d n if o t d e d e e n s i t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p n a m u h g n i c n e u lf n i
t a h t s r o t c a f f o y r o e h t s ’ k c o lr u H . t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n n A g n i c n e u lf n i
t c a p m i n a e v a h e l p o e p t a h t s w o h s t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o e c n e u lf n i t h g i m
r e p s ’ e n o n o n
i sonaltiy development .People, i n t hi scase ,can beclassi ifed into
s p u o r g o w
t – famliyandpeopleoutsidet hehomewtihwhomoneassociate .s
y r o e h
T o femoitons nc a help thewrtiert o understand someemoitonst ha t
w o r
2 2
y b d e c n e ir e p x e e r a y h t a p m e d n a , tl i u g , r a e f , s n o it o m e e m o S . r e h d n u o r a e l p o e p
.t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p r e h o t n o it u b ir t n o c e v i g d n a , e n n
3 2
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
.
A Objec toft heStudy
a s i y d u t s s i h t f o t c e j b o e h
T nautobiographica lnove lenitltedTheDiaryo f
. l r i G g n u o Y
a Theautobiographica lnoveli sanove lbased on t hediary o fAnne
t s ri f s a w t I . k n a r F e n n A y b n e tt ir w s i l e v o n e h T . k n a r
F pubilshed in 1947 in
r e d n u m a d r e t s m A n o it a t n e m u c o D r a W r o f e t u ti t s n I e t a t S s d n a lr e h t e N y b d n a ll o H
f o e lt it e h
t He tAchterhui .s
s i u h r e t h c A t e
H is t he Dutch itlte o fThe Diaryo fa Young Girl .To give
r f s e t o u q r e ti r w e h t , k o o b e h t t u o b a n o it a n a l p x e r e h tr u
f omt heprefaceoft hebook
.f l e s ti
, s i u h r e t h c A t e
H the Dutch itlte of t hi sbook ,referst o t ha tpar to f k o o t o h w s e il i m a f o w t e h t r o f e c a l p g n i d i h a s a d e v r e s h c i h w g n i d li u b e h t
. 4 4 9 1 d n a 2 4 9 1 n e e w t e b e r e h t r e tl e h
s Achte rmean s“behind”o r”in back d
n a ” f
o hui si sDutch fo rhouse .In Amsterdam’ s old bulidings ,the e s o h t m o r f d e d i v i d e b y a m t r u o c r o n e d r a g a g n i k o o lr e v o s t n e m tr a p a
e m a s e h t n i h ti w s e ti u s e t a r a p e s o w t g n i d i v o r p s u h t ,t e e rt s e h t g n i k o o lr e v o
. t n e m tr a p
a He tAchterhui sor ,ltierally “the house behind” i sstiuated on .s
l a n a c s ’ y ti c e h t f o e n o , t h c a r g n e s n ir P e h t
e s u o h e h t f o t r a p t a h t d e ll a c e v a h e w , t x e t h s il g n E e h t y fi l p m i s o T
e h t f o e s n e s r e p o r p e h t n i x e n n a n a t o n s i ti h g u o h tl a , e x e n n A t e r c e S e h t
d r o
w (AnneFrank ,1952 : ). 3
g n u o Y a f o y r a i D e h
T Gir ltell sabou tayounggri lnamedAnneFrankwho
d e ll a c e s u o h e r a w a n i y li m a f r e h h ti w g n i d i h o t n i o g o t d a
h the Secre tAnnexe .
e d i s e
B s them (Anne ,he rsister ,he rfathe r& mother), t herewerealso fou rothe r
s r e b m e
m (Mr .Van Daans ,Mrs .Van Daan ,Peter ,& Mr .Dussel )who wenti nto
t e r c e
n r u o j , s e ir a i d , s r e tt e l g n i d u l c n
i( als ,memoris ,and reminiscences )to the .)
8 8 : 5 9 9 1 ( y h p a r g o i b o t u a l a m r o f
, e v o b a n o it a t o u q e h t m o r
F adiary can beawork o fbiography .SinceThe
l r i G g n u o Y a f o y r a i
D ist hebiography o fAnne Frank and i snarrated by Anne
o t u a n a s i ti n e h t ,f l e s r e h k n a r
F biography. Moreove,r i tpossessest heelement so f
t a h t s u o i v b o s i ti , s u h T . l e v o n
a TheDiaryo faYoungGir lcanbedetermineda sa
. y r a i d a t o n , l e v o n
i d n a t n e r e f fi d k o o b e h t s e k a m t a h
W nteresitng beside sthe conten tthat
a e l E y b n o it c u d o rt n i n a s i e r e h
t no rRoosevel,tt heFris tLadyoft heUntiedState s
. 5 4 9 1 o t 3 3 9 1 m o r
f Besides ,i tha salso been made into a movie enitlted Anne
k n a r
F andaplayenitltedDiaryo fAnneFrank .Themovie tisel fwins award.
y lr a li m i
S , t he play also win ssome awards .Theaward ssuch t hreeOsca r
k r o Y w e N e h t d n a , d r a w A y n o T e h t , r e t a e h T r o f r e z ti l u P e h t , e i v o m e h t r o f
d r a w A e l c ri C s ’ c it ir
C aremoret hanenought os howt ha tbotharef amou .s
.
B Approach
e s u o t y r a s s e c e n s i ti , y ti l a n o s r e p n a m u h o t d e t a l e r s i y d u t s e h t e c n i
S t he
o t g n it a l e R . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s
p the approach ,Lewi sstate sin A Study and
: e d i u G h c r a e s e R
n r e d o m f o s e l p i c n ir p s e il p p a t a h t h c a o r p p a n a s i h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p A
e h t o t r o k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i h ti w s n o it a u ti s r o s r e t c a r a h c o t y g o l o h c y s p
t o r w o h w n o s r e
p et ha twork( 1971 :57 .)
ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n n A e r o l p x e o t d e s u s i h c a o r p p a s i h
T y developments ,which
y b d e c n e u lf n i e r
6 2
e z y l a n a o t y a w e t a ir p o r p p a t s o m e h t s i y g o l o h c y s p e s u a c e b h c a o r p p a s i h t s e s
u the
e b n a c h c i h w , r o i v a h e b n a m u h h ti w s l a e d t i f l e s ti l e v o n e h t r o f d n a s r e t c a r a h c
. s e ir o e h t l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t o t d e t c e n n o c
a , e li h w n a e
M ccording to Rohrberge r and Woods , both ltierature and
h s e s s u c s i d e r u t a r e ti L . s e v il n a m u h d n a e l p o e p s s u c s i d y g o l o h c y s
p uman being s
, e li h w n a e M . e r u t a r e ti l f o s k r o w s a e g a u g n a l h g u o r h t d e s s e r p x e , s e v il r i e h t d n a
: 1 7 9 1 ( r o i v a h e b d n a d n i m s i h h ti w r e h t e g o t e fi l s ’ n a m f o y d u t s a s i y g o l o h c y s p
o t s u s p l e h h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t t a h t e t a t s s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R . ) 5 1 6
t e z y l a n
a henove l(a work of l tierature )from t hepsychologica lpoin to fview o f
.) 3 1 : 1 7 9 1 ( g n i e b n a m u h
.
C Methodoft heStudy
y r a r b il s i y d u t s e h t n i d e s u r e ti r w e h t t a h t y d u t s e h t f o d o h t e m e h T
. h c r a e s e
r Thewrtierr eferredt ot hedataf rom somebooks ,aritcles ,and also f rom
t e n r e t n i e h
t , tha twerer elatedt ot henove landt het opicoft hes tudy.
. a t a d y r a d n o c e s e h t d n a y r a m ir p e h t ,s tr a p o w t o t n i d e d i v i d e r e w a t a d e h T
s a w a t a d y r a m ir p e h
T taken from Anne Frank’ snove lenitlted The Diary o fa
, l r i G g n u o
Y whlie the secondary data were taken from some book sand aritcle s
. y d u t s e h t tr o p p u s o t d e s u e b d l u o c h c i h
w Howeve,rt oge tmorei nformaitonabou t
, k r o w e h
t theauthor, andt hec iritcism,t hewrtie ralsotookf romt hei nternet .
t ,s i s y l a n a e h t e k a m o t s e c n e r e f e r s
A hewrtie rusest het heoryoncharacte r
s ’ s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R y r a M m o r
s ’ m a r b
A A Glossary o f Ltierary Term s Sixth Ediiton , the theory on
s ’ n o m r a H d n a n a m l o H m o r f n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c AHandbookt oLtierature ,
t , r e v o e r o
M he theory on characte r developmen t given by Forste r in
s ’ m a r b
A AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerm sSixthEdiitonandHolmanandHarmon’s A
e r u t a r e ti L o t k o o b d n a
H have an i mpo tran trole t o make t he signiifcan tanalysis .
o t d e t a l e r y l e s o l c s i y d u t s s i h t f o e s u a c e
B the personaltiy , the theory on
n o s r e p d n a y ti l a n o s r e
p altiy developmen t given by Fleming’ s Adolescence ,
s ’ k c o lr u
H Personaltiy Developmen tand Stone and Church’ sChlidhood and
, e c n e c s e l o d
A andtheapproachf romGueirn’ sAHandbooko fCriitca lApproache s
L o
t tieraturei sneededast hei mpo tran tandapprop irates ourcest obeused .
p e t s t s ri f e h T . s p e t s e m o s d e t c u d n o c d a h r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s e h t g n it ir w n I
e r s a w p e t s d n o c e s e h T . l e v o n e h t g n i d a e r s a
w -reading t henovel i n ordert o ge t
r e tt e
b understanding abou tthe novel .The thrid step wa s ifnding the interesitng
n i a m e h t e z y l a n a o t d e d i c e d r e ti r w e h t d n a , c i p o t a s a d e r e d i s n o c e b o t g n i h t
f o e c n e u lf n i e h t r e d n u , k n a r F e n n A , t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h
c some
s r o t c a
f .The fou trh step was t aking somenote srelated t o t he t opic found i n t he
p e t s h tf if e h T . l e v o
n wa sidentfiying the characteirsitc so fthe some possible
s r o t c a
f .Besides ifnding ou tthe characteirsitc o fthe main character’ sfamliy ,i t
t u o d n if o t y r a s s e c e n s a
w the characteirsitc so fthe people outside the main
y li m a f s ’ r e t c a r a h
c ilving in the Secre tAnnexe (eigh tpeople in hiding) .Using
e r u t a r e ti l n o s k o o
b ,theo ire swere found. Then ,the nex tstep wa sa study o f
e r e w s e ir o e h t , y g o l o h c y s p n o s k o o b g n i s U . s t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p n o s e ir o e h t
d n u o
8 2
s r o t c a
f in lfuencing the main character’ spersonaltiy developmen tbased on the
9 2
V I R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
n i d e t a l u m r o f s m e l b o r p e e r h t e h t r e w s n a o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t ,r e t p a h c s i h t n I
. n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h
t Theanalysi swli lbedividedi nto t hreepatr .s I n t hef ris t
i v o r p e b l li w k n a r F e n n A f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t , tr a
p ded .The
f o r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h t u o d n if o t s e ir t r e ti r
w Anne Frank i sdescirbed t hrough hi s
’ s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o d n a , s t h g u o h t , n o it c a e r , h c e e p s , s e d u ti tt a , n o it p ir c s e d l a n o s r e p
if l li w r e ti r w e h t ,s g n i d n if e s o h t m o r F . n o i n i p
o ndoutt hechangest ha thappen on
.t r a p d n o c e s e h t n i y lr a e l c d e b ir c s e d e b l li w , r e t a l ,s e g n a h c e h T . s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h
e h t w o h l a e v e r o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p d n o c e s e h t n
I personaltiy o fAnne
k n a r
F developed .Thechangest ha thappeninAnnedu irnghe rhidingareusefult o
e h t e z y l a n
a personaltiydevelopmen toft hemajo rcharacte.r
f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t g n i w o n k r e tf a , y ll a n i
F AnneFrank’ scharacte irsitc sand
t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e
p , t hewrtie rcomest o t het hrid par twhichconsist soft he
g n i d n
if thein lfuenitalfactors. In t hi scase, t hein lfuenitalfactorswli lber evealed
e h t t u o d n if o t s e ir t , y ll a c if i c e p s n e h t , r e ti r w e h T . e r o m d e v r e s b o d n
a possible
s r o t c a
f tha tarer eflectedt hrought hepersonaltiy vde elopmen.t
r e t p a h c s i h
T consists o fthree subchapters: the characteirzaiton o fAnne
g n i c n e u lf n i r o t c a f e h t d n a , k n a r F e n n A f o t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p e h t , k n a r F
d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ k n a r F e n n
0 3
.
A TheCharacterisitc so fAnneFrank
n
I Anne Frank :The Diary o fa Young Girl ,Anne Frank i sthe main
. y r o t s e h t n i r e t c a r a h
c I t i s approp irate to Henkle’ s statemen t that , “Majo r
v r e s e d y e h T . l e v o n a n i s r e t c a r a h c x e l p m o c d n a t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h
c e
s u a c e b n o it n e tt a t s e ll u f r u
o et heyperformakeysrtucturalfunciton ,upont hemwe
t a c if i d o m n i h c i h w , s e ri s e d d n a n o it a t c e p x e d li u
b ion ,shfi testabilsh ou rvalues”
0 2 : 7 7 9 1
( ). Anne Frank i spresented a sthe second daughte ro fOtto and Edtih
J e h t , k n a r
F ewish .Sheha sasiste rnamedMargo.t Anneand herf amliy once ilve
r e t a l t u b , y n a m r e G n
i migratetoHollandinJ unebecauseo fNaz ipersecuiton .
o s n i g e b y r o t s e h
T nF irday ,12J une1942 . tIi sAnnet hitreenthbi trhday.I n
s , y a d h tr i b r e
h heget smanyprese . nts
y l h g u o r o h t s a w d n a , y d d a D d n a y m m u M m o r f s g n i h t f o s e s s a m t o g I
n e v i g s a w I s g n i h t r e h t o g n o m A . s d n e ir f s u o ir a v y b d e li o p
s Camera
a r u c s b
O ,apa trygame,l ot so fsweet ,chocolates ,apuzzle ,abrooch ,Tale s s
d n a l r e h t e N e h t f o s d n e g e L d n
a by Joseph Cohen ,Daisy’ sMountain y
a d il o
H (at erir ifc book) ,and some money .Now Ican buy The Myth so f e
m o R d n a e c e e r
G – grand!( AnneFrank ,1952 :11 .)
, e v o b a n o it a t o u q e h t m o r
F i ti sobviou stha tAnne i svery detali in ilsitng he r
s t n e s e r p y a d h tr i
b .Murphy’ stheoryoft houghti sappiledhere .Murphystatest hat ,
“The autho rcan give the reade rdriec tknowledge o fwha tperson i sthinking
e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o y b n e e s e b t o n n a c t u b s r e d a e r e h t y b n e e s e b n a c t I .t u o b a
y r o t
s ” (1972 :171 .) Anne meniton sabout t he present sshe get sone by one .The
a s i e h s t a h t e u l c s e v i g s n o it n e m e n n A s t n e s e r
p n accurateperson.
e h s , e li h w n a e
M ilke sbook swhich mean tha tshe il s ke reading also.
