CA[
CA[A YLA YLDGADDGAD[A^ [A^
Kbc{a{ bdb akafaj kbc{a{ radg ulkl~jada kad jadra ml~|yacad uak|~ad ka~b nlnl~aya n|c|& Kbc{a{ bdb akafaj kbc{a{ radg ulkl~jada kad jadra ml~|yacad uak|~ad ka~b nlnl~aya n|c|& o|cfac radg u|kaj aka$ Kb kafamdra aka ulkbcb{ {ld{adg y~bduby faybu fbu{~bc *Lflc{~`yfa{bdg" o|cfac radg u|kaj aka$ Kb kafamdra aka ulkbcb{ {ld{adg y~bduby faybu fbu{~bc *Lflc{~`yfa{bdg" radg m|kaj |d{|c kbhajamb$ Nlnl~aya y~`ulu ylfaybuad ka~b {lmnaga& uldg uamyab lmau radg m|kaj |d{|c kbhajamb$ Nlnl~aya y~`ulu ylfaybuad ka~b {lmnaga& uldg uamyab lmau kbnajau ulea~a ~bdgcau uaoa& uljbdgga mlm|kajcad |d{|c kbel~da kad kbmldgl~{b$
kbnajau ulea~a ~bdgcau uaoa& uljbdgga mlm|kajcad |d{|c kbel~da kad kbmldgl~{b$ Ylmajam
Ylmajamad ad mldrlmldrlf|~|j {l~jakay f|~|j {l~jakay kbc{a{ bdb {bkac kbc{a{ bdb {bkac fadgu|fadgu|dg dg mldoakmldoakbcad ulul`~adg radg bcad ulul`~adg radg ajfbajfb kafam faybu fbu{~bc ayafagb mldoakb ajfb cbmba& jadra ulclka~ mldgldaf kad mlmajamb kafam faybu fbu{~bc ayafagb mldoakb ajfb cbmba& jadra ulclka~ mldgldaf kad mlmajamb y~bduby kaua~ faybu fbu{~bc kad y~`ulu radg {l~cab{ uaoa$
y~bduby kaua~ faybu fbu{~bc kad y~`ulu radg {l~cab{ uaoa$ Yaka cldra{aaddr
Yaka cldra{aaddra a faybu fbu{~bfaybu fbu{~bc c ml~|yacml~|yacad ad uabdu radg y~ac{bu maca uabdu radg y~ac{bu maca yldgl{ayldgl{aj|ad cd`w j|ad cd`w j`wj`w {bk
{bkac ac kayakaya{ { kbakbadggadggay y ld{ld{ldg ldg ca~lca~lda da yldgyldgafaafamad mad kad kad lculcuyl~byl~bmld mld mldlmldld{|d{|cad cad claclajfbjfbadad ulul`~adg kafam nbkadg bdb$ Wafa|y|d ml~|yacad uabdu y~ac{bu {l{ayb yldgl{aj|ad |d{|c ulul`~adg kafam nbkadg bdb$ Wafa|y|d ml~|yacad uabdu y~ac{bu {l{ayb yldgl{aj|ad |d{|c mldglmnadgcad kad yldgl{aj|ad kaua~ radg kbuln|{ cd`w wjr {bkac n`flj kbf|yacad$ mldglmnadgcad kad yldgl{aj|ad kaua~ radg kbuln|{ cd`w wjr {bkac n`flj kbf|yacad$ Clk|adra nabc y~ac{bu ma|y|d {l`~b{bu akafaj nadg|dad uabdu radg kaya{ kbg|dacad kad Clk|adra nabc y~ac{bu ma|y|d {l`~b{bu akafaj nadg|dad uabdu radg kaya{ kbg|dacad kad kbmadhaa{cad$
kbmadhaa{cad$
[ld{| uaoa& kbc{a{ bdb {bkac {l~flyau ka~b cluafajad kad clc|~adgad ca~lda ~|m|uad radg [ld{| uaoa& kbc{a{ bdb {bkac {l~flyau ka~b cluafajad kad clc|~adgad ca~lda ~|m|uad radg nl~agad ka~b y~`ulu hbdbujbdg f`gam$ Ylmnaea n|kbmad kbado|~cad mlmnaea kbc{a{ fabd radg nl~agad ka~b y~`ulu hbdbujbdg f`gam$ Ylmnaea n|kbmad kbado|~cad mlmnaea kbc{a{ fabd radg mlmnajau {`ybc radg uama$ Ua~ad kad c~b{bc ayay|d mldoakb k`~`dgad kad {ad{adgad yld|fbu mlmnajau {`ybc radg uama$ Ua~ad kad c~b{bc ayay|d mldoakb k`~`dgad kad {ad{adgad yld|fbu kldgad uldadg ja{b mldoakb najad yl~{bmnadgad yld|fbu$
kldgad uldadg ja{b mldoakb najad yl~{bmnadgad yld|fbu$ Kbc{a{ bdb jadra |d{|c cafadgad uldkb~b
Kbc{a{ bdb jadra |d{|c cafadgad uldkb~b
A A[W[W
KAH[A^ BUB KAH[A^ BUB Ca{a Yldgad{a~ Ca{a Yldgad{a~ Kah{a~ Bub Kah{a~ Bub Nan$ B$ Yldkaj|f|ad Nan$ B$ Yldkaj|f|ad
a$ Yldgl~{bad Faybu Fbu{~bc a$ Yldgl~{bad Faybu Fbu{~bc n$ Bu{bfaj kafam Faybu Fbu{~bc n$ Bu{bfaj kafam Faybu Fbu{~bc
e$ J|c|m Ha~akar e$ J|c|m Ha~akar
Nan$BB$ Y~bduby Cl~oa kad C`dkbub Faybu Fbu{~bc$ Nan$BB$ Y~bduby Cl~oa kad C`dkbub Faybu Fbu{~bc$
a$ Y~bduby Cl~oa a$ Y~bduby Cl~oa
n$ C`dkbub @yl~aub Faybu Fbu{~bc n$ C`dkbub @yl~aub Faybu Fbu{~bc
Nan$BBB$Yl~afa{ad Faybu Fbu{~bc kad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad Nan$BBB$Yl~afa{ad Faybu Fbu{~bc kad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad 1$ Yl~afa{ad 1$ Yl~afa{ad a$ ^le{bhbl~ * [~ah` KE " a$ ^le{bhbl~ * [~ah` KE " n$ Nac n$ Nac
e$ ^ac kad Na~lf e$ ^ac kad Na~lf
k$ Yldkbdgbdad kad Ylmadauad k$ Yldkbdgbdad kad Ylmadauad l$ Yldra~bdgad l$ Yldra~bdgad h$ Yldgak|cad h$ Yldgak|cad >$ Ylcl~oaad Yldkaj|f|ad >$ Ylcl~oaad Yldkaj|f|ad a$ Ylmnl~ubjad Mlcadbu$ a$ Ylmnl~ubjad Mlcadbu$ n$ Afcafbdl Klg~laubdg$ n$ Afcafbdl Klg~laubdg$ e$ Aebk Ybecfbdg$ e$ Aebk Ybecfbdg$ Nan$BX
Nan$BX$ Ylfaybuad $ Ylfaybuad Fbu{~bc * Lflc{~`yFbu{~bc * Lflc{~`yfa{bdg "fa{bdg " a$ Kby _bde a$ Kby _bde n$ Ulafbdg Af|m|db|m n$ Ulafbdg Af|m|db|m e$ [lmnaga Eradbk e$ [lmnaga Eradbk k$ Dbclf k$ Dbclf l$ Cj~`m l$ Cj~`m
NAN B NAN B
YLDKAJ\F\AD YLDKAJ\F\AD
A$
A$ YLDGL^YLDGL^[BAD [BAD KAD KAD H\DGUH\DGUB YB YLFAYBUALFAYBUADD Fay
Faybu bu fbufbu{~b{~bc c *lf*lfle{le{~`yf~`yfa{ba{bdg" dg" akaakafaj faj u|au|a{| {| y~`uy~`ulu lu yldgyldgldkaldkayad yad f`gf`gam am yakyakaa yl~m|ca
yl~m|caad u|a{| ad u|a{| f`gam a{a| d`d f`gam a{a| d`d f`gam *nldka cl~oa"& f`gam *nldka cl~oa"& ulea~a lflc{~`fulea~a lflc{~`fbua$ Ldkayad radgbua$ Ldkayad radg {l~oakb nl~ubha{ akjlubh {l~jakay f`gam kaua~$
{l~oakb nl~ubha{ akjlubh {l~jakay f`gam kaua~$
Kafam {lcd`f`gb yldgl~oaad f`gam& y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc {l~mau|c cl kafam y~`ulu Kafam {lcd`f`gb yldgl~oaad f`gam& y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc {l~mau|c cl kafam y~`ulu yldgl~oaad acjb~ *ml{af hbdbujbdg"$ Akay|d h|dgub ka~b ylfaybuad f`gam akafaj ulnagab yldgl~oaad acjb~ *ml{af hbdbujbdg"$ Akay|d h|dgub ka~b ylfaybuad f`gam akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{ ?
nl~bc|{ ? 1$
1$ Mlmyl~nMlmyl~nabcb ylabcb yldamybfdamybfad *klc`~ad *klc`~a{bh" Ma{bh" Mbuafdrbuafdra ? ylfayba ? ylfaybuad lmauuad lmau& yl~ac& c|d& yl~ac& c|dbdgad& kbdgad& kadad {lmnaga$
{lmnaga$ >$
>$ MlfMlfbdkbdk|dgb |dgb f`gf`gam kam ka~b ca~b c`~``~`ub& ub& rabrab{|3{|3
Mlfbdk|dgb f`gam kaua~ kldgad f`gam radg flnbj m|fba& mbuafdra ? ylfaybuadMlfbdk|dgb f`gam kaua~ kldgad f`gam radg flnbj m|fba& mbuafdra ? ylfaybuad yfa{bda& lmau kad naoa$
yfa{bda& lmau kad naoa$
Mlfbdk|dg f`gam kaua~ kldgad f`gam radg c|~adg m|fba& mbuafdra ylfaybuadMlfbdk|dg f`gam kaua~ kldgad f`gam radg c|~adg m|fba& mbuafdra ylfaybuad uldg yaka naoa
uldg yaka naoa 5$
5$ MlMldbdbdgdgca{ca{cad cad clcl{a{ajajadad dad y~`y~`k|c k|c {l{l~ja~jakay kay glglululcacad d *a*an~an~aubub"& "& mbmbuauafdrfdra a ylfylfayaybubuadad ej~`mb|m cl~au$
ej~`mb|m cl~au$ ;$
;$ Mlmyl~nMlmyl~nabcb cljabcb cljaf|uad af|uad a{a| nld{a{a| nld{|c yl~m||c yl~m|caad kad {`caad kad {`fl~adub fl~adub f`gam kaf`gam kaua~ua~& mbuaf& mbuafdra ?dra ? ylfaybuad dbclf& e~`mb|m$
ylfaybuad dbclf& e~`mb|m$ <$
<$ Lflc{~Lflc{~`h`~mb`h`~mbdg& dg& rab{rab{|? |? mlmnldmlmnld{|c {|c nldka nldka cl~oa cl~oa kldgad kldgad ea~a ea~a ldkayadldkayad$$
N$
N$ BU[BBU[BFAJ BUFAJ BU[BF[BFAJ KAFAJ KAFAM FAAM FAYBU FBYBU FBU[^U[^BC BC
Ulyl~{b yaka y~`ulu ― y~`ulu ml{af hbdbujbdg fabddra& nadrac bu{bfaj radg yl~f| Ulyl~{b yaka y~`ulu ― y~`ulu ml{af hbdbujbdg fabddra& nadrac bu{bfaj radg yl~f| kbhajam
kbhajamb b uljbduljbdgga kafam gga kafam yldl~ayyldl~ayaddra acad addra acad mlmnlmlmnl~bcad mau|cad radg ~bcad mau|cad radg {lya{ kad {lya{ kad olfauolfau yl~nlkaad ad{a~a radg ua{| kldgad r
yl~nlkaad ad{a~a radg ua{| kldgad radg fabddra$ Bu{bfaj {adg fabddra$ Bu{bfaj {l~uln|{ ad{a~a fabd akafaj l~uln|{ ad{a~a fabd akafaj ?? 1$
1$ Lflc{~`ka Lflc{~`ka ? u|a{| {l~mbdaf kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kbmada afb~ad fbu{~bc mldgafb~ cl? u|a{| {l~mbdaf kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kbmada afb~ad fbu{~bc mldgafb~ cl kad ka~b fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ $
kad ka~b fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ $ >$
>$ Ad`ka Ad`ka ? lflc{~`ka y`ub{bh radg yakadra {l~oakb ylflyauad b`d dlga{bh kad mlmnld{|c ? lflc{~`ka y`ub{bh radg yakadra {l~oakb ylflyauad b`d dlga{bh kad mlmnld{|c b`d y`ub
5$
5$ Ca{`ka Ca{`ka ? lflc{~`ka dlga{bh radg yakadra {l~oakb ylflyauad b`d y`ub{bh kad mlmnld{|c ? lflc{~`ka dlga{bh radg yakadra {l~oakb ylflyauad b`d y`ub{bh kad mlmnld{|c b`d dlga{bh *{l~oakb ~lacub ~lk|cub"$
b`d dlga{bh *{l~oakb ~lacub ~lk|cub"$ ;$
;$ Lflc{~`fb{ Lflc{~`fb{ ? za{ ― za{ radg m`f|clf ― m`f|clfdra kaya{ fa~|{ kafam ab~ kad {l~|~ab? za{ ― za{ radg m`f|clf ― m`f|clfdra kaya{ fa~|{ kafam ab~ kad {l~|~ab mldoakb za{ ― za{ *a{`m ― a{`m" radg nl~m|a{ad y`ub{bh a{a| dlga{bh$
mldoakb za{ ― za{ *a{`m ― a{`m" radg nl~m|a{ad y`ub{bh a{a| dlga{bh$ <$
<$ B`d B`d ? _a{ radg {l~|~ab& kbmada a{`m a{a| m`f|clfdra nl~m|a{ad fbu{~bc y`ub{bh a{a|? _a{ radg {l~|~ab& kbmada a{`m a{a| m`f|clfdra nl~m|a{ad fbu{~bc y`ub{bh a{a| dl
dlga{ga{bhbh$ $ _a_a{ { raradg dg nl~nl~m|m|a{a{ad ad dlgdlga{a{bh bh kbkbululn|n|{ { adadb`b`d d *b*b`d `d dldlga{ga{bhbh" " kakad d zaza{ { raradgdg nl~m|a{ad fbu{~bc y`ub{bh kbuln|{ ca{b`d *b`d y`ub{bh"$
nl~m|a{ad fbu{~bc y`ub{bh kbuln|{ ca{b`d *b`d y`ub{bh"$ 8$
8$ F| F|my|my|~ ~ ad`ad`ka ka *ad`*ad`ka ka ufbufbm"m" ? ubua za{ radg {bkac fa~|{ kbjaubfcad kb ad`ka kad? ubua za{ radg {bkac fa~|{ kbjaubfcad kb ad`ka kad mldg`{`~bdra$
mldg`{`~bdra$ 7$
7$ Fly|j *nfbu{l~" Fly|j *nfbu{l~"? ylmnldgcacad yaka nagbad ? ylmnldgcacad yaka nagbad {l~{ld{| ka~b jaub{l~{ld{| ka~b jaubf ylfaybuad f ylfaybuad ca~lda karaca~lda kara flca{ *aklub" faybuad radg c|~adg nabc$
flca{ *aklub" faybuad radg c|~adg nabc$ :$
:$ YJ YJ ? f`ga~b{ma ka~b c`duld{~aub auam kldgad {adka dlga{bh$ yJ bdb kbyacab |d{|c ? f`ga~b{ma ka~b c`duld{~aub auam kldgad {adka dlga{bh$ yJ bdb kbyacab |d{|c mldld{|cad kl~aoa{ clauamad u|a{| auam $Kafam lflc{~`yfa{bdg yJ
mldld{|cad kl~aoa{ clauamad u|a{| auam $Kafam lflc{~`yfa{bdg yJ ## nl~a~{b o|ganl~a~{b o|ga y@J # $
y@J # $ 2$
2$ Bdjbnb{`~ Bdjbnb{`~ ? najad radg kaya{ mldg|~adgb ylmacad a{a| yl~|uacad `flj auam yaka nac ? najad radg kaya{ mldg|~adgb ylmacad a{a| yl~|uacad `flj auam yaka nac $$
19$
19$ Ybecfbdg *e|eb auam" Ybecfbdg *e|eb auam" ? u|a{| ea~a mldgjbfadgcad ca~a{ad yaka nldka cl~oa kldgad? u|a{| ea~a mldgjbfadgcad ca~a{ad yaka nldka cl~oa kldgad fa~|{ad auam $
fa~|{ad auam $ 11$
11$ ^aya{ a~|u *e|~~ld{ kldub{r" ^aya{ a~|u *e|~~ld{ kldub{r"? o|mfaj a~|u radg mldgafb~ yl~f|au |db{ lflc{~`ka $? o|mfaj a~|u radg mldgafb~ yl~f|au |db{ lflc{~`ka $ 1>$
1>$ Lhbubldub a~|u *e|~~ad{ lhhbeblder" Lhbubldub a~|u *e|~~ad{ lhhbeblder" ?yl~nadkbdgad ad{a~a o|mfaj {l`~b{bu a~|u fbu{~bc ?yl~nadkbdgad ad{a~a o|mfaj {l`~b{bu a~|u fbu{~bc radg acad {l~yacab kldgad o|mfaj a~|u fbu{~bc radg ulnlda~dra {l~yacab$
radg acad {l~yacab kldgad o|mfaj a~|u fbu{~bc radg ulnlda~dra {l~yacab$ 15$
15$ Jrk~`gld lmn~b{flmld{ *cl~ay|jad jbk~`gld" Jrk~`gld lmn~b{flmld{ *cl~ay|jad jbk~`gld" ? clgl{auad yaka nldka cl~oa acbna{? clgl{auad yaka nldka cl~oa acbna{ ka~b yldrl~ayad gau jbk~`gld yaka y~`ulu ybecfbdg kad ylfaybuad$
ka~b yldrl~ayad gau jbk~`gld yaka y~`ulu ybecfbdg kad ylfaybuad$ 1;$
1;$U{`y ― `hh ma{l~baf ? u|a{| najad radg nl~h|dgub mld|{|yb jaubf ylfaybuad$U{`y ― `hh ma{l~baf ? u|a{| najad radg nl~h|dgub mld|{|yb jaubf ylfaybuad$ 1<$
1<$ Klg~laubdg *ylde|ebad flmac" Klg~laubdg *ylde|ebad flmac"? ylmnl~ub? ylmnl~ubjad yl~m|cajad yl~m|caad f`gam ka~b mbad f`gam ka~b mbdrac& drac& flmac flmac a{a| za{ `~gadbc fabddra kldgad kldgad fa~|{ad afcafbd$
a{a| za{ `~gadbc fabddra kldgad kldgad fa~|{ad afcafbd$ 18$
18$ N~bg{ldl~ *najad yldgcbfay" N~bg{ldl~ *najad yldgcbfay" ? za{ {amnajad radg nl~ubha{ mlmnld{|c faybuad aga~ ? za{ {amnajad radg nl~ubha{ mlmnld{|c faybuad aga~ flnbj mldgcbfay a{a| radg mlmyl~nabcb clelml~fadgad kb a{au ldkayad / faybuad $ flnbj mldgcbfay a{a| radg mlmyl~nabcb clelml~fadgad kb a{au ldkayad / faybuad $
E$
E$ J\CJ\C\M \M HHA^AA^AKAKARR Kld
Kldgad gad akadakadra ra a~|a~|u u fbufbu{~b{~bc c radradg g mldmldgafbgafb~ ~ cl cl kafkafam am fa~fa~|{a|{ad d lfllflc{~`c{~`fb{fb{& & macmacaa {l~oakbfaj yl~gl~acad kad ylmnlnauad b`d-b`d$ J|n|dgad ad{a~a o|mfaj a~|u fbu{~bc radg {l~oakbfaj yl~gl~acad kad ylmnlnauad b`d-b`d$ J|n|dgad ad{a~a o|mfaj a~|u fbu{~bc radg mldgafb~ kldgad o|mfaj za{ radg kbnlnaucad kb kafam fa~|{ad {l~uln|{ kbdra{acad `flj mldgafb~ kldgad o|mfaj za{ radg kbnlnaucad kb kafam fa~|{ad {l~uln|{ kbdra{acad `flj Mbejalf
Mbejalf Ha~akar Ha~akar kafam j|c|mdrkafam j|c|mdra ?a ? 1$
1$ O|O|mfmfaj aj zaza{-z{-za{ a{ raradg dg {l{l~nl~nld{d{|c |c yayaka ka lfllflc{c{~`~`ka ka yayaka ka u|u|a{a{| | elelff ff ululnadnadkbkbdg dg klkldgadgadd o|mfaj a~|u radg mldgafb~ $
o|mfaj a~|u radg mldgafb~ $ >$
>$ O|mfaO|mfaj za{-za{ j za{-za{ radg kbradg kbjaubfjaubfcad `flj acad `flj a~|u rad~|u radg uama kakg uama kakafam elfafam elff radg nl~f radg nl~nlka akafnlka akafajaj ulnadkbdg kldgad nl~a{ lc|bxafld maubdg-maubdg za{ b{| $
ulnadkbdg kldgad nl~a{ lc|bxafld maubdg-maubdg za{ b{| $ N = B$ {$ l N = B$ {$ l H H Kbmada ? Kbmada ? N
N = N= Nll~~aa{ z{ zaa{ r{ raaddg {g {ll~~nnlldd{{||c *c *gg~~aamm"" B
B = = O|mfaj O|mfaj a~|u a~|u radg radg mldgafb~ mldgafb~ *amyl~"*amyl~" [
[ = = wac{| wac{| mldgafb~ mldgafb~ *kl{bc"*kl{bc" L
L = = Nl~a{ Nl~a{ lcbxafld lcbxafld za{ za{ radg radg kbnlnaucad kbnlnaucad *nl~a{ *nl~a{ a{`m a{`m u|a{| u|a{| |du|~ |du|~ kbnagbkbnagb xafldub |du|~ {l~uln|{"
xafldub |du|~ {l~uln|{"
J|c|m ha~akar uadga{ l~a{ cab{addra kldgad lhbubldub a~|u radg {l~oakb yaka J|c|m ha~akar uadga{ l~a{ cab{addra kldgad lhbubldub a~|u radg {l~oakb yaka y~`ulu ylfaybuad ulea~a fbu{~bc$ Obca kbj|n|dgcad kldgad j|c|m ha~akar maca lhbubldub y~`ulu ylfaybuad ulea~a fbu{~bc$ Obca kbj|n|dgcad kldgad j|c|m ha~akar maca lhbubldub
a~|u
a~|u akaakafaj faj yl~nyl~nadkbadkbdgadgad d nl~anl~a{ { ldkldkayad ayad radradg g {l~{l~oakoakb b kldgkldgad ad nl~nl~a{ a{ ldkldkayad ayad {l`{l`~b{~b{bu$bu$ Uljbdgga lhbubldub a~|u kbdra{acad kafam yl~uld$
Uljbdgga lhbubldub a~|u kbdra{acad kafam yl~uld$ Yak
Yaka a y~acy~ac{lc {lc ulnulnlda~lda~dra dra j|c|j|c|m m ha~ha~akar akar kbgkbg|dac|dacad ad |d{|d{|c |c mldmldgjb{gjb{|dg |dg nbanbarara ylf
ylfaybaybuad uad f`gf`gam$ am$ KldKldgad gad j|c|j|c|m m ha~ha~akar akar raradg dg mldmldolfolfaucaucad ad nadrnadracdracdra a f`gf`gam am raradgdg mldgldka
mldgldkay y nlua~drnlua~dra dbfab ~|ybaj f`gam rada dbfab ~|ybaj f`gam radg mldgldkay mldoakg mldgldkay mldoakb flnbj m|kaj |d{|c b flnbj m|kaj |d{|c kbjb{|dg$
NAN BB NAN BB
Y^BDUBY CL^OA KAD C@DKBUB FAYBU FBU[^BC Y^BDUBY CL^OA KAD C@DKBUB FAYBU FBU[^BC
A$ Y^BDUBY CL^OA FAYBU FBU[^BC A$ Y^BDUBY CL^OA FAYBU FBU[^BC
Ylfaybuad f`gam kldgad ea~a fbu{~bc akafaj ml~|yacad ~adgcabad ka~b u|mnl~ a~|u Ylfaybuad f`gam kldgad ea~a fbu{~bc akafaj ml~|yacad ~adgcabad ka~b u|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc& ad`ka fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kad ca{`ka$ Ulm|a g|g|uad {l~uln|{ kbu|u|d ulklmbcbad fbu{~bc& ad`ka fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kad ca{`ka$ Ulm|a g|g|uad {l~uln|{ kbu|u|d ulklmbcbad ~|ya uljbdgga mlmnld{|c u|a{| ubu{lm faybu fbu{~bc kldgad ~adgcabad ulnagab nl~bc|{? ~|ya uljbdgga mlmnld{|c u|a{| ubu{lm faybu fbu{~bc kldgad ~adgcabad ulnagab nl~bc|{? •• Ad`ka kbj|n|dgcad kldgad c|{|n y`ub{bh ka~b u|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc $Ad`ka kbj|n|dgcad kldgad c|{|n y`ub{bh ka~b u|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc $
•• Ca{`ka kbj|n|dgcad kldgad c|{|n dlga{bh ka~b u|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc $Ca{`ka kbj|n|dgcad kldgad c|{|n dlga{bh ka~b u|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc $
•• Ad`ka kad ca{`ka kb~ldkam kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{$ Obca a~|u fbu{~c kbafb~cad macaAd`ka kad ca{`ka kb~ldkam kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{$ Obca a~|u fbu{~c kbafb~cad maca yaka ca{`ka acad {l~oakb ldkayad *ylfaybuad f`gam"$
yaka ca{`ka acad {l~oakb ldkayad *ylfaybuad f`gam"$ 1$ U|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc
1$ U|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc
U|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc radg kbg|dacad yaka y~`ulu ylfaybuad ulea~a fbu{~bc akafaj U|mnl~ a~|u fbu{~bc radg kbg|dacad yaka y~`ulu ylfaybuad ulea~a fbu{~bc akafaj a~|u ula~aj *KE" kldgad {lgadgad ~ldkaj& {lgadgad radg kbyl~f|cad nl~cbua~ ad{a~a a~|u ula~aj *KE" kldgad {lgadgad ~ldkaj& {lgadgad radg kbyl~f|cad nl~cbua~ ad{a~a 8-1> x`f{$
8-1> x`f{$
\d{|c mldkaya{cad a~|u fbu{~bc {l~uln|{ kbg|dacad ~le{bhbl~ kbmada a~|u radg \d{|c mldkaya{cad a~|u fbu{~bc {l~uln|{ kbg|dacad ~le{bhbl~ kbmada a~|u radg kbclf|a~cad ka~b ~le{bhbl~ bdb nl~ubha{ a~|u ula~aj& {lgadgad ~ldkaj kad c`du{ad ul~{a kbclf|a~cad ka~b ~le{bhbl~ bdb nl~ubha{ a~|u ula~aj& {lgadgad ~ldkaj kad c`du{ad ul~{a a~|u radg mldgafb~ *amyl~" nlua~ kad kaya{ kbxa~baubcad $
a~|u radg mldgafb~ *amyl~" nlua~ kad kaya{ kbxa~baubcad $ >$ Ad`ka$
>$ Ad`ka$
Akafaj u|a{| {l~mbdaf y`ub{bh kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`f`{ kad {l~nagb kafam k|a Akafaj u|a{| {l~mbdaf y`ub{bh kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`f`{ kad {l~nagb kafam k|a g`f`dgad& rab{| ?
g`f`dgad& rab{| ? a$
a$ Ad`ka rAd`ka radg fa~|adg fa~|{ *u`f{ *u`f|nfl ad|nfl ad`ka"& e`ka"& e`d{`jdr`d{`jdra ad`ka a ad`ka dbclf dbclf kad ad`kkad ad`ka zbdea zbde$$ n
n$$ AdAd`ka `ka raradg dg {b{bkac fa~|kac fa~|{ { *|*|dudu`f`f|n|nfl fl adad`ka`ka" " e`e`d{d{`j`jdrdra3 a3 adad`k`ka a Yn Yn yayaka ka ylylfafaybybuauadd c~`mb|m$
c~`mb|m$
Ad`ka radg {bkac fa~|{ nl~h|dgub ulnagab yldgjad{a~ a~|u fbu{~bc uaoa& ulkadgcad Ad`ka radg {bkac fa~|{ nl~h|dgub ulnagab yldgjad{a~ a~|u fbu{~bc uaoa& ulkadgcad ad`ka radg fa~|{ nl~h|dgub ulfabd yldgjad{a~ a~|u fbu{~bc o|ga ulnagab najad nac| ad`ka radg fa~|{ nl~h|dgub ulfabd yldgjad{a~ a~|u fbu{~bc o|ga ulnagab najad nac| ylfaybu$
5$ Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ 5$ Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{
Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kaya{ kbn|a{ ka~b auam& naua a{a| ga~am$ [bay oldbu ylfaybuad& Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kaya{ kbn|a{ ka~b auam& naua a{a| ga~am$ [bay oldbu ylfaybuad& fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{dra nl~nlka nlka {l~gad{|dg oldbu f`gam ylfaybudra ma|y|d ubha{―ubha{ fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{dra nl~nlka nlka {l~gad{|dg oldbu f`gam ylfaybudra ma|y|d ubha{―ubha{ lflc{~`fb{ radg kbbdgbdcad$
lflc{~`fb{ radg kbbdgbdcad$
Ulnagab e`d{`j ylfaybuad {lmnaga& fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg kbg|dacad ka~b ga~am Ulnagab e`d{`j ylfaybuad {lmnaga& fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg kbg|dacad ka~b ga~am E|U@; kad ab~ J>@$ Fa~|{ad acad {l~|~ab ulyl~{b nl~bc|{ bdb ?
E|U@; kad ab~ J>@$ Fa~|{ad acad {l~|~ab ulyl~{b nl~bc|{ bdb ? E|U@;
E|U@; ↛↛ E|E|##### U@;# U@; J>@
J>@ ↛↛ JJ## # # @J@J ;$ Ca{`ka
;$ Ca{`ka
Yaka y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc & ca{`ka kaya{ kba~{bcad ulnagab nldka cl~oa *ga~ayad" Yaka y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc & ca{`ka kaya{ kba~{bcad ulnagab nldka cl~oa *ga~ayad" radg acad kbfaybu$ Maca ga~ayad nl~{bdkac ulnagab ca{`ka a{a| nl~ubha{ yldl~bma b`d$ radg acad kbfaybu$ Maca ga~ayad nl~{bdkac ulnagab ca{`ka a{a| nl~ubha{ yldl~bma b`d$ \d{|c flnbj olfaudra ~adgcabad ubu{lm faybu fbu{~bc {l~uln|{ kba{au kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka \d{|c flnbj olfaudra ~adgcabad ubu{lm faybu fbu{~bc {l~uln|{ kba{au kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka gamna~ kbnawaj bdb
gamna~ kbnawaj bdb
Gamna~ 1$^adgcabad Y~`ulu Faybu fbu{~bc Gamna~ 1$^adgcabad Y~`ulu Faybu fbu{~bc
\d{|c mldolfaucad y~`ulu cl~oa ylfaybuad& kbmbuafcad ylfa{ naoa radg acad \d{|c mldolfaucad y~`ulu cl~oa ylfaybuad& kbmbuafcad ylfa{ naoa radg acad kbfaybu kldgad {lmnaga E| $ Fa~|{ad {lmnaga radg acad kbg|dacad akafaj E|U@; kad kbfaybu kldgad {lmnaga E| $ Fa~|{ad {lmnaga radg acad kbg|dacad akafaj E|U@; kad ab~ J>@$
ab~ J>@$
Ad`ka kad ca{`ka *ga~ayad" kbmau|ccad kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ {l~uln|{ kad Ad`ka kad ca{`ka *ga~ayad" kbmau|ccad kafam fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ {l~uln|{ kad kbafb~b a~|u fu{~bc ula~aj kbmada ad`ka kbj|n|dgcad cl c|{|n y`ub{bh kad ca{`ka cl kbafb~b a~|u fu{~bc ula~aj kbmada ad`ka kbj|n|dgcad cl c|{|n y`ub{bh kad ca{`ka cl c|{|n dlga{bh& maca acad {l~oakb yl~nlkaad y`{ldubaf ad{a~a ca{`ka kad ad`ka$ Ka~b c|{|n dlga{bh& maca acad {l~oakb yl~nlkaad y`{ldubaf ad{a~a ca{`ka kad ad`ka$ Ka~b y~
y~`ul`ulu u {l~{l~ulnuln|{ |{ f`gf`gam am {lm{lmnaga naga acad acad {l~{l~|~ab |~ab clkaclkafam fam fa~fa~|{a|{ad d lflclflc{~`{~`fb{ fb{ radradg g o|go|gaa mldgadk|dg b`d-b`d {lmnaga& clm|kbad mlfaf|b fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ b`d-b`d {lmnaga mldgadk|dg b`d-b`d {lmnaga& clm|kbad mlfaf|b fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ b`d-b`d {lmnaga
Ad`ka
Ad`ka
Ca{`ka
Ca{`ka
U|mnl~
U|mnl~
a~|u
a~|u
acad {l~nawa kad mldgldkay yaka yl~m|caad ca{`ka *ga~ayad" kad nl~|naj mldoakb acad {l~nawa kad mldgldkay yaka yl~m|caad ca{`ka *ga~ayad" kad nl~|naj mldoakb a{`m {lmnaga$ Aga~ flnbj olfaudra kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka gamna~
a{`m {lmnaga$ Aga~ flnbj olfaudra kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka gamna~ >$>$
Gamna~
Gamna~$ >$ $ >$ Y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc Y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc Kld
Kldgad gad klmbklmbcbacbad d kbukbubdb bdb {l~{l~oakoakb b ~lac~lacub ub ~lk|~lk|cub cub b`d b`d {lm{lmnaga naga mldmldoakoakb b f`gf`gamam {lmnaga& mldoakb f`gam {lmnaga $
{lmnaga& mldoakb f`gam {lmnaga $ E|U@;
E|U@; ↛↛ E|E|##### U@;# U@; J>@
J>@ ↛↛ JJ## # # @J@J E|
E|##### >l# >l ↞↞ E|E|↕↕ C|yl~
C|yl~ U|fha{ U|fha{ ? ? E| E| U@U@;;*{~|ub"*{~|ub" H`~mafbd
H`~mafbd ? ? E|E| Ulkadgcad b`d-b`d J
Ulkadgcad b`d-b`d J## ulnagbad clebf acad mldgldkay yaka nldka cl~oa kadulnagbad clebf acad mldgldkay yaka nldka cl~oa kad ulnagbad nlua~ acad mldg|ay mldoakb gau J
ulnagbad nlua~ acad mldg|ay mldoakb gau J>>$$ J
J### >l# >l ↞↞JJ J
J # J# J ↞↞JJ>>
Jbk~`gld * J " radg mldgldkay bdbfaj radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad ca~lda gau {l~uln|{ acad Jbk~`gld * J " radg mldgldkay bdbfaj radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad ca~lda gau {l~uln|{ acad mldrlnancad eaea{ faybuad radg nbaua kbuln|{ ‖ Jrk~`gld lmn~b{{flmld{”$
mldrlnancad eaea{ faybuad radg nbaua kbuln|{ ‖ Jrk~`gld lmn~b{{flmld{”$
Gamna~
Gamna~$5$ ^lacub radg $5$ ^lacub radg {l~oakb ulwac{| ylfaybuad{l~oakb ulwac{| ylfaybuad Ylfa{ naoa
Yaka ad`ka {l~oakb ~lacub ? Yaka ad`ka {l~oakb ~lacub ?
E| - >l
E| - >l ↞↞E|E|#### ;@J - ;l
;@J - ;l ↞↞>J>@ # @>>J>@ # @>
N$ C@DKBUB @YL^AUB FAYBU FBU[^BC N$ C@DKBUB @YL^AUB FAYBU FBU[^BC
C`dkbub `yl~aub faybu fbu{~bc kafam `yl~aub ylfaybuad yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad& ca~lda C`dkbub `yl~aub faybu fbu{~bc kafam `yl~aub ylfaybuad yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad& ca~lda c`dkbub `yl~aub uadga{ mldld{|cad nl~jaubf a{a| {bkacdra y~`ulu ylfaybuad& ul~{a m|{| c`dkbub `yl~aub uadga{ mldld{|cad nl~jaubf a{a| {bkacdra y~`ulu ylfaybuad& ul~{a m|{| ylfaybuad radg kbjaubfcad$ C`dkbub ― c`dkbub radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad akafaj ?
ylfaybuad radg kbjaubfcad$ C`dkbub ― c`dkbub radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad akafaj ? 1$
1$ ^aya{ ^aya{ *e|~~ld{ *e|~~ld{ kldub{r"kldub{r"
^aya{ a~|u aka k|a oldbu / maeam rab{| ~aya{ a~|u ca{`ka *ea{j`kl e|~~ld{ ^aya{ a~|u aka k|a oldbu / maeam rab{| ~aya{ a~|u ca{`ka *ea{j`kl e|~~ld{ kldub{r" kad ~aya{ a~|u ad`ka *ad`ka e|~~ld{ kldub{r"$
kldub{r" kad ~aya{ a~|u ad`ka *ad`ka e|~~ld{ kldub{r"$
Kafam y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc& ~aya{ a~|u radg kbyl~jb{|dgcad bafaj ~aya{ a~|u Kafam y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc& ~aya{ a~|u radg kbyl~jb{|dgcad bafaj ~aya{ a~|u ca{`ka& rab{| nadracdra a~|u fbu{~bc radg kbld{|cad |d{|c mldkaya{cad a{`m-a{`m ca{`ka& rab{| nadracdra a~|u fbu{~bc radg kbld{|cad |d{|c mldkaya{cad a{`m-a{`m f`gam yaka {bay ua{|ad na~adg *ga~ayad" radg acad kbfaybu$ Ua{|ad ~aya{ a~|u bdb f`gam yaka {bay ua{|ad na~adg *ga~ayad" radg acad kbfaybu$ Ua{|ad ~aya{ a~|u bdb kbdra{acad kafam Amy/km> a{a| Amy/bd> a
kbdra{acad kafam Amy/km> a{a| Amy/bd> a{a| Amy/h{>${a| Amy/h{>$ >$ [lgadgad *x`f{agl"
>$ [lgadgad *x`f{agl" [
[lgadlgadgad gad a~|u a~|u kafkafam am y~`y~`ulu ulu fayfaybu bu fbufbu{~b{~bc c kbdrkbdra{aa{acad cad kafkafam am c`dc`dkbukbub b raradgdg c`du{ad rab{| {lgadgad {bkac acad {l~yldga~|jb `flj nlua~ clebfdra amyl~$
c`du{ad rab{| {lgadgad {bkac acad {l~yldga~|jb `flj nlua~ clebfdra amyl~$ X X B = B = ---^ ^ Kbmada
Kbmada ? ? B B = = nadracdra nadracdra a~|u a~|u * * amyl~ amyl~ "" X = {lgadgad * x`f{ "
X = {lgadgad * x`f{ " ^ = {ajadad
^ = {ajadad
Uljbdgga |d{|c mlmxa~banlfcad amyl~& maca radg kbxa~banlfcad jadrafaj Uljbdgga |d{|c mlmxa~banlfcad amyl~& maca radg kbxa~banlfcad jadrafaj {ajadaddra uaoa& ulkadgcad x`f{dra {l{ay$
5$ U|j| Fa~|{ad 5$ U|j| Fa~|{ad
U|j| fa~|{ad kaya{ mlmyldga~|jb m|{| faybuad& ulnagab e`d{`j yaka ylfaybad U|j| fa~|{ad kaya{ mlmyldga~|jb m|{| faybuad& ulnagab e`d{`j yaka ylfaybad ej~`mb|m *E~" klc`~a{bh$ Nbfa u|j| fa~|{ad flnbj ~ldkaj ka~b ;< ¿E yaka ~aya{ a~|u >9 ej~`mb|m *E~" klc`~a{bh$ Nbfa u|j| fa~|{ad flnbj ~ldkaj ka~b ;< ¿E yaka ~aya{ a~|u >9 Amy/km>& maca acad kbkaya{ faybuad ej~`m radg u|~am$ \d{|c b{| ~aya{ a~|u yl~f| Amy/km>& maca acad kbkaya{ faybuad ej~`m radg u|~am$ \d{|c b{| ~aya{ a~|u yl~f| kba{|~ ulklmbcbad ~|ya & uljbdgga mldkaya{cad faybuad ulu|ab kldgad clbdgbdad$ kba{|~ ulklmbcbad ~|ya & uljbdgga mldkaya{cad faybuad ulu|ab kldgad clbdgbdad$ ;$ yJ Fa~|{ad
;$ yJ Fa~|{ad
yJ kbyacab |d{|c mldld{|cad kl~aoa{ clauamad u|a{| fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kad yJ kbyacab |d{|c mldld{|cad kl~aoa{ clauamad u|a{| fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kad kafam `yl~aub faybu fbu{~
kafam `yl~aub faybu fbu{~bc yJ bc yJ nl~a~{b o|ga y@J$ yJ nl~a~{b o|ga y@J$ yJ Fa~|{ad kaya{ kba{|~ kldgad afa{Fa~|{ad kaya{ kba{|~ kldgad afa{ |c|~ yJ ml{l~ a{a| yJ e`f`|~bml{l$ [|o|ad mldld{|cad yJ bdb |d{|c mlfbja{ a{a| |c|~ yJ ml{l~ a{a| yJ e`f`|~bml{l$ [|o|ad mldld{|cad yJ bdb |d{|c mlfbja{ a{a| mlml~bcua clmamy|ad fa~|{ad kafam mldgjaubfcad faybuad radg flnbj nabc$
NAN BBB NAN BBB YL^AFA
YL^AFA[[AD FAYBU AD FAYBU FBU[^BC KAD FBU[^BC KAD YLCL^OAADYLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD *Y^L
YLDKAJ\F\AD *Y^L [^LA[^LA[MLD["[MLD["
A$
A$ YL^AFA[YL^AFA[AD AD FAYBUFAYBUADFBUADFBU[^BC [^BC
Yl~afa{ad |{ama rg kbyl~f|cad yaka faybu fbu{~bc ad{a~a fabd rab{|? Yl~afa{ad |{ama rg kbyl~f|cad yaka faybu fbu{~bc ad{a~a fabd rab{|? 1$ ^le{bhbl~
1$ ^le{bhbl~ ^le{bh
^le{bhbl~ ml~|yacad bl~ ml~|yacad yl~afa{yl~afa{ad ad |{ama kafam |{ama kafam y~`ulu ylfaybuy~`ulu ylfaybuad ad ulea~a lfl{~`dbc ulea~a lfl{~`dbc radg nl~h|dgub ulnagab u|mnl~ a~|u ula~aj *KE" kad yld|~|d {lgadgad$ Yaka uaa{ radg nl~h|dgub ulnagab u|mnl~ a~|u ula~aj *KE" kad yld|~|d {lgadgad$ Yaka uaa{ ulca~adg bdb ~le{bhbl~ u|kaj e|c|y lhbubld ca~lda amyl~ ml{l~ kad {ajadad xa~banlf ulca~adg bdb ~le{bhbl~ u|kaj e|c|y lhbubld ca~lda amyl~ ml{l~ kad {ajadad xa~banlf nl~nld{|c clua{|ad kafam ~le{bhbl~$ Aka k|a maeam ~le{bhbl~ radg nadrac kbg|dacad nl~nld{|c clua{|ad kafam ~le{bhbl~$ Aka k|a maeam ~le{bhbl~ radg nadrac kbg|dacad
bdk|u{~b - bdk|u{~b faybu fbu{~bc$ rab{|? ~le{bahbl~ ulfldb|m kad ~
bdk|u{~b - bdk|u{~b faybu fbu{~bc$ rab{|? ~le{bahbl~ ulfldb|m kad ~le{bhbl~ ufbc`dle{bhbl~ ufbc`d >$ N a c
>$ N a c
Nac
Nac kbykbyl~fl~f|cad |cad |d{|d{|c |c mldmldamyamy|dg |dg a{a| a{a| {lm{lmya{ ya{ fa~fa~|{a|{ad d lfllflc{~c{~`fb`fb{& {& fa~fa~|{a|{add ylde|eb kad ab~ ylmnbfau$ Najad nac {l~gad{|dg yaka fa~|{ad radg kb{amy|dgdra kad ylde|eb kad ab~ ylmnbfau$ Najad nac {l~gad{|dg yaka fa~|{ad radg kb{amy|dgdra kad
kb|
kb|{am{amacad acad {aj{ajad ad {l~{l~jakajakay y acaacad d {l~{l~oakboakbdrdra a yldgyldgca~aca~a{ad {ad ul~ul~{a {a {aj{ajad ad yakyaka a u|ju|j|| {l~{ld{|$ Nbauadra najad nac {l~n|a{ ka~b naoa radg nagbad kafamdra kb faybub yfau{bc& {l~{ld{|$ Nbauadra najad nac {l~n|a{ ka~b naoa radg nagbad kafamdra kb faybub yfau{bc& ca
ca~l{~l{& & H^H^[ [ *gf*gfauauhbhbnlnl~ ~ ^l^lmhmh`~e`~elk lk Y`Y`frfru{u{l~ l~ ~lu~lubdbd" " a{a{a| a| ulmulm|a |a {l{l~n|~n|a{ a{ ka~ka~b b YXYXEE *Y`frxbdbf Ejf`~bkl ^lubd"$
*Y`frxbdbf Ejf`~bkl ^lubd"$ 5$ ^ac a{a| Na~~lf
5$ ^ac a{a| Na~~lf
^ac a{a| na~~lf nl~h|dgub ulnagab {lmya{ na~adg radg acad kbfaybub *ca{`ka"$ ^ac a{a| na~~lf nl~h|dgub ulnagab {lmya{ na~adg radg acad kbfaybub *ca{`ka"$ Na~~lf nbauadr
Na~~lf nbauadra a kbg|dackbg|dacad |d{|c ad |d{|c y~`k|c |c|~ad clebf& mbuafdra? na|{& m|~ y~`k|c |c|~ad clebf& mbuafdra? na|{& m|~ kad fabd-kad fabd-fabd$ Nld{|c kad |c|~ad na~~lf bdb {lfaj mlmy|drab u{adka~ {l~{ld{| ulu|ab kldgad fabd$ Nld{|c kad |c|~ad na~~lf bdb {lfaj mlmy|drab u{adka~ {l~{ld{| ulu|ab kldgad cayaub{au na~adg radg acad kbfaybu$
cayaub{au na~adg radg acad kbfaybu$
Akay|d ~ac nbauadra kbg|dacad |d{|c y~`k|c-y~`k|c nl~|c|~ad nlua~ kad Akay|d ~ac nbauadra kbg|dacad |d{|c y~`k|c-y~`k|c nl~|c|~ad nlua~ kad nld{|
nld{|cdra {l~gad{|cdra {l~gad{|dg yaka dg yaka na~adg radg acad na~adg radg acad kbfaybkbfaybu$ Ulkadgcad najad u$ Ulkadgcad najad |d{|c ~ac |d{|c ~ac bdbbdb kbg|dacad najad-najad ulyl~{b {lmnaga& naoa kad {b{adb|m$
N$ YLCL^OAAD
N$ YLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD *Y^L [^LA[MLD["YLDKAJ\F\AD *Y^L [^LA[MLD[" Ulea~a ga~bu nlua~d
Ulea~a ga~bu nlua~dra y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bckaya{ kbnagb kafam {bga {ajay rab{|?ra y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bckaya{ kbnagb kafam {bga {ajay rab{|? -
- [[ajajaay y B B ? ? yy~`~`uullu u ylylddggll~o~oaaaad d ylylddkkaaj|j|ff||adad - [
- [ajajay ay BB BB ? y? y~`~`ululu yu yldldglgl~o~oaaaad fd fayaybu bu fbfbu{u{~b~bc c -
- [[ajajay ay BBBBB B ? y? y~`~`ululu u ylyldgdgl~l~ooaaaad ad acjcjbb~ ~
Ka~b |~|{ad {l~uln|{ olfaufaj najwa ulnlf|m mlfac|cad y~`ulu ylfaybuad kad Ka~b |~|{ad {l~uln|{ olfaufaj najwa ulnlf|m mlfac|cad y~`ulu ylfaybuad kad |d{|c mldkaya{cad jaubf faybuad radg nabc & maca f`gam kaua~ *nldka cl~oa radg acad |d{|c mldkaya{cad jaubf faybuad radg nabc & maca f`gam kaua~ *nldka cl~oa radg acad kbfaybu" ja~|u nl~ubha{ nl~ubj kafam a~{b nlnau ka~b ca~a{& mbdrac& ea{ kad yldg`{`~ fabd kbfaybu" ja~|u nl~ubha{ nl~ubj kafam a~{b nlnau ka~b ca~a{& mbdrac& ea{ kad yldg`{`~ fabd uljbdgga yl~f| kbfac|cad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad / yl~ubayad rab{| ulnagab nl~bc|{?
uljbdgga yl~f| kbfac|cad ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad / yl~ubayad rab{| ulnagab nl~bc|{? 1$
1$ Ylmnl~ubj Ylmnl~ubj ulea~a ulea~a mlcadbumlcadbu
Ylcl~oaad bdb nl~{|o|ad |d{|c mldgjaf|ucad yl~m|caad kad mlddgjbfadgcad Ylcl~oaad bdb nl~{|o|ad |d{|c mldgjaf|ucad yl~m|caad kad mlddgjbfadgcad g`~luad-g`~luad kad gl~am-gl~am radg maubj mlflca{ yaka nldka cl~oa$ Nbauadra g`~luad-g`~luad kad gl~am-gl~am radg maubj mlflca{ yaka nldka cl~oa$ Nbauadra |d
|d{|{|c c mlmldgdgjbjbfafadgcdgcad ad g`~g`~luluadad-g`-g`~l~luauad d kakad d glgl~am ~am {l{l~u~ulnln|{ |{ kbkbfafac|cc|cad ad klkldgadgadd ylcl~oaad n|hhbdg radg y~bdubydra ulyl~{b mlubd gl~bdka& acad {l{ayb ~`ka y`fludra ylcl~oaad n|hhbdg radg y~bdubydra ulyl~{b mlubd gl~bdka& acad {l{ayb ~`ka y`fludra radg nl~nlka rab{| {l~n|a{ ka~b najad ca{|d& c|fb{& facld kad ulnagabdra$ Y~`ulu radg nl~nlka rab{| {l~n|a{ ka~b najad ca{|d& c|fb{& facld kad ulnagabdra$ Y~`ulu yl
yldgl~dgl~oaaoaad d bdb bdb {l~{l~gad{gad{|dg |dg yaka yaka c`dkc`dkbub bub nldknldka a cl~cl~oa oa b{| b{| ulduldkb~kb~b b cakacakadg-cdg-cakadakadgg mlml~f|cad y~`ulu fabd mbuafdra ? n~|ujbdg kad ulnagabdra$
mlml~f|cad y~`ulu fabd mbuafdra ? n~|ujbdg kad ulnagabdra$ >$
>$ Ylde|ebad kldgad Ylde|ebad kldgad afcafbd afcafbd *Klg~laubdg"*Klg~laubdg" Ylcl
Ylcl~oa~oaad ad bdb bdb nl~{nl~{|o||o|ad ad |d{|d{|c |c mlmmlmnl~nl~ubjubjcad cad nldknldka a cl~cl~oa oa ka~b flmac ka~b flmac a{aa{a|| mbdr
mbdrac ac {l~uln{l~uln|{ |{ uadga{ mldggadgguadga{ mldggadgg| | yaka y~`ulu yaka y~`ulu ylfaybylfaybuad& ca~lda uad& ca~lda mldg|~admldg|~adgb karagb kara jad{a~ fbu{~bc a{a| mldg|~adgb c`d{ac ad{a~a faybuad kldgad f`gam kaua~$
jad{a~ fbu{~bc a{a| mldg|~adgb c`d{ac ad{a~a faybuad kldgad f`gam kaua~$ yld
ylde|ebe|ebad ad kldkldgad gad afcafcafbafbd d kbgkbg`f``f`dgcadgcad d cl cl kafkafam am k|a k|a maemaeam am ea~aea~a& & rabrab{|{| kl
kldgadgad d eaea~a ~a nbnbauaua a *a*afcfcafafbd bd klklg~lg~lauaubdbdg" g" kakad d klkldgadgad d eaea~a ~a lflflc{lc{~` ~` *lf*lfle{le{~`f~`fb{b{bebe klg~laubdg"$
klg~laubdg"$ Yld
Ylde|e|ebaebad d ululeaea~a ~a nbnbauaua a akaakafafaj j klkldgadgad d eaea~a ~a mlml~ld~ldkamkamcacad d nlnldka cl~odka cl~oaa cl
clkafkafam am fafa~|~|{a{ad d afafcafcafbd bd kakafam fam claclakakaad ad yayadau dau kakafafam m <-1<-19 9 mlmldbdb{ { kad kad fafamamadrdraa yldelf|yad ja~|u kbulu|abcad kldgad c`dkbub yl~m|caad nldka cl~oa$ Uladkabdra yldelf|yad ja~|u kbulu|abcad kldgad c`dkbub yl~m|caad nldka cl~oa$ Uladkabdra
fl
flmamac c a{a{a| a| mbmbdrdrac ac raradg dg mldmldlmlmylylf f flflnbnbj j nanadrdrac ac & & mamaca ca kbkbadado|o|~c~cad ad fafamamadrdraa yldelf
radg kbe|eb kbca{acad nl~ubj& kaya{ kbfbja{ ul{lfaj na~adg {l~uln|{ kbnbfau kldgad ab~& radg kbe|eb kbca{acad nl~ubj& kaya{ kbfbja{ ul{lfaj na~adg {l~uln|{ kbnbfau kldgad ab~& maca ab~ radg mldlmylf acad {l~fbja{ nl~ua{|$
maca ab~ radg mldlmylf acad {l~fbja{ nl~ua{|$
Fa~|{ad afcafbd radg nadrac kbg|dacad akafaj fa~|{ad afcafbd radg jadra Fa~|{ad afcafbd radg nadrac kbg|dacad akafaj fa~|{ad afcafbd radg jadra kbn|a{ ka~b yldeamy|~ad Da@J *ea|u{be u`ka" kldgad ab~ nl~ubj kldgad yl~nadkbdgad kbn|a{ ka~b yldeamy|~ad Da@J *ea|u{be u`ka" kldgad ab~ nl~ubj kldgad yl~nadkbdgad 89 g~am ? 1 fb{l~ {l{ayb clelya{ad kad jaubf ylde|ebad c|~adg nlgb{| nabc& uljbdgga 89 g~am ? 1 fb{l~ {l{ayb clelya{ad kad jaubf ylde|ebad c|~adg nlgb{| nabc& uljbdgga cbd
cbdb b bdkbdk|u{|u{~b-b~b-bdk|dk|u{~u{~b b fayfaybu bu fbfbu{~u{~bc bc nadrnadrac ac mldmldgg|dgg|dacad acad fa~fa~|{a|{ad d oldoldbu bu bdb bdb kldkldgadgad c`my`ubub ulyl~{b yaka 1 {anlf kbnawaj bdb?
c`my`ubub ulyl~{b yaka 1 {anlf kbnawaj bdb?
[anlf 1 [anlf 1
C`my`ubub Fa~|{ad ylde|eb kldgad Afcafbd C`my`ubub Fa~|{ad ylde|eb kldgad Afcafbd
*Afcafbdklg~laubdg" |d{|c Nlub/Naoa *Afcafbdklg~laubdg" |d{|c Nlub/Naoa
Ylde|ebad ulea~a lflc{~` nl~{|o|ad ulfabd acad kbkaya{cad jaubf ylde|ebad Ylde|ebad ulea~a lflc{~` nl~{|o|ad ulfabd acad kbkaya{cad jaubf ylde|ebad radg
radg flnbj nl~ubflnbj nl~ubj o|ga mldbdgca{caj o|ga mldbdgca{cad clelya{ad ylde|ebad clelya{ad ylde|ebad$ Y~bduby cl~oadrd$ Y~bduby cl~oadra kldgada kldgad mldgg|dacad a~|u fbu{~bc kad ca{`ka ma|y|d ad`kadra kbyacab flmyldgad ea~n`d$ mldgg|dacad a~|u fbu{~bc kad ca{`ka ma|y|d ad`kadra kbyacab flmyldgad ea~n`d$ Nbfa na~adgdra radg acad cbnl~ubjcad kb{lmya{cad yaka a~|u y`ub{bh *ad`ka" maca Nbfa na~adgdra radg acad cbnl~ubjcad kb{lmya{cad yaka a~|u y`ub{bh *ad`ka" maca y~`uludra kbuln|{ ad`ka efladbdg& nlgb{| y|fa ulnafbcdra$
y~`uludra kbuln|{ ad`ka efladbdg& nlgb{| y|fa ulnafbcdra$
Akay|d c`my`ubub kad c`dkbub fa~|{ad ylde|eb afcafbd |d{|c ylde|ebad ulea~a Akay|d c`my`ubub kad c`dkbub fa~|{ad ylde|eb afcafbd |d{|c ylde|ebad ulea~a lflc{~`fb{bc kbyl~fbja{cad yaka {anlf nl~bc|{ bdb ?
lflc{~`fb{bc kbyl~fbja{cad yaka {anlf nl~bc|{ bdb ?
N Naajjaaddcc``ddkkbbuubb 22//11 1 > 5 ; < 8 7 : 1 > 5 ; < 8 7 : NAJAD NAJAD - Ea|u{be U`ka - Ea|u{be U`ka *Da@J" *Da@J" >>99--;;99 >>99--5599 <<99 -- -- 55>>$$<< 88>>$$<< 5577$$<< - U`kb|m Ea~n`da{ - U`kb|m Ea~n`da{ *Da>E@5" *Da>E@5" -- 11<<-->>99 <<99 -- -- >><< -- - -- U`kb|m A~{j`ubfbea{ - U`kb|m A~{j`ubfbea{ *Da;Ub@;" *Da;Ub@;" -- -- -- >><< 5577$$<< 11>>$$<< -- 22$$<< - U`kb|m Ml{aubfbea{ - U`kb|m Ml{aubfbea{ *Da;Ub@5" *Da;Ub@5" 99--1199 -- -- >><< >>77$$<< >>$$<< 5577$$<< 88$$<< - U`kb|m yj`uyja{ - U`kb|m yj`uyja{ *Da>Y@;" *Da>Y@;" 11--55 11-->> 11-->> -- -- 99$$77<< -- 11$$<< C@DKBUB C@DKBUB -
- [lmyl~a{|~ [lmyl~a{|~ ¹E¹E 8899--::99 8899--::99
59-199
[anlf > [anlf >
C`my`ubub kad c`dkbub fa~|{ad ylde|eb ulea~a Lflc{~` C`my`ubub kad c`dkbub fa~|{ad ylde|eb ulea~a Lflc{~`
*Lflc{~`fr{be Klg~laubdg" |d{|c Nlub/Naoa *Lflc{~`fr{be Klg~laubdg" |d{|c Nlub/Naoa
Ul{lfaj y~`ulu bdb ulfluab kbcl~oacad clm|kbad na~adg {l~uln|{ radg acad Ul{lfaj y~`ulu bdb ulfluab kbcl~oacad clm|kbad na~adg {l~uln|{ radg acad kbfaybu& kbnbfau kldgad ab~ nl~ubj kad ul{lfaj kbnbfau na~adg u|kaj kaya{ mlfadgcaj kbfaybu& kbnbfau kldgad ab~ nl~ubj kad ul{lfaj kbnbfau na~adg u|kaj kaya{ mlfadgcaj yaka y~`ulu nl~bc|{dra$
yaka y~`ulu nl~bc|{dra$ 5$
5$ YldeYlde|eb|ebad kad kldgaldgad d AuaAuam *Ym *Ybecbecfbdfbdg"g" Najad c`dkbub
Najad c`dkbub
2/1 2/1 C
Caa{{``kka a EEffllaaddbbddgg AdAd``kka a EEffllaaddbbddgg NAJAD
NAJAD
- Ea|u{be U`ka *Da@J"
- Ea|u{be U`ka *Da@J" >>99--5599 77$$<<--11<< -
- UU``kkbb||m m EEaa~~nn``ddaa{ { **DDaa>>EE@@55"" 5599--<<99 ---
- UU``kkbb||m m AA~~{{jj``uubbffbbeeaa{ { **DDaa;;UUbb@@;;" " 1199-->>99 5599--;;<< -
- UU``kkbb||m m MMll{{aauubbffbbeeaa{ { **DDaa;;UUbb@@55" " -- 11<<--5599 -
- UU``kkbb||m m yyjj``uuyyjjaa{ { **DDaa>>YY@@;;" " 11-->> 11-->> C@DKBUB
C@DKBUB -
- [lmyl~a{|~ [lmyl~a{|~ ¹E¹E 8899--::99 8899--::99 - E|~~ld{ Kldub{r A/km
- E|~~ld{ Kldub{r A/km¾¾ 1199 1199
- Wac{| yldelf|yad *mldb{"
Ylde|ebad kldgad auam akafaj nl~{|o|ad |d{|c mlmnl~ubjcad yl~m|caad Ylde|ebad kldgad auam akafaj nl~{|o|ad |d{|c mlmnl~ubjcad yl~m|caad nldka cl~oa ka~b `cubka a{a| ca~a{ kad uloldbudra ulea~a cbmbawb mlfaf|b yldelf|yad$ nldka cl~oa ka~b `cubka a{a| ca~a{ kad uloldbudra ulea~a cbmbawb mlfaf|b yldelf|yad$
Fa~|{ad auam *ybecfbdg" bdb kbyl~`flj ka~b yldeamy|~ad ab~ nl~ubj kldgad auam & Fa~|{ad auam *ybecfbdg" bdb kbyl~`flj ka~b yldeamy|~ad ab~ nl~ubj kldgad auam & ad{a~a fabd rab{|?
ad{a~a fabd rab{|?
a$ Auam ejf`~bka *JEF" a$ Auam ejf`~bka *JEF" n$ Auam u|fha{ *J>U@;"Pa{a| n$ Auam u|fha{ *J>U@;"Pa{a|
e$ Eamy|~ad J
e$ Eamy|~ad J>>U@; kad U@; kad auam auam Hf|`~bka Hf|`~bka *JH"*JH" ^la
^lacub cub ybeybecfbcfbdg dg ulnulnl{|l{|fdrfdra a akaakafaj faj lflclflc{~`{~`cbmcbmba ba kafkafam am ulf ulf gafgafxadxadbu bu ad{ad{a~a a~a f`gf`gamam *ad`ka" kad *`cubka"$ Gau J>
*ad`ka" kad *`cubka"$ Gau J> radg {bmn|f kaya{ radg {bmn|f kaya{ ml~lk|cub Hl~~b`cubka ml~lk|cub Hl~~b`cubka mldoakb Hl~~` `c{`~ mldoakb Hl~~` `c{`~ radg m|kaj fa~|{$ Kafam ~lacub bdb nbauadra kbnl~bcad bdjbnb{`~ aga~ ~lacub {bkac {l~faf| elya{ radg m|kaj fa~|{$ Kafam ~lacub bdb nbauadra kbnl~bcad bdjbnb{`~ aga~ ~lacub {bkac {l~faf| elya{ kad mldgjaubfcad ylmnl~ubjad radg ml~a{a$
kad mldgjaubfcad ylmnl~ubjad radg ml~a{a$
Aka k|a oldbu najad bdjbnb{`~ radg kbcldaf rab{|? Aka k|a oldbu najad bdjbnb{`~ radg kbcldaf rab{|? -
- NaNajad jad `~`~gagadbdbc c afafam am *d*da{a{|~a|~af f `~`~gagadbdbe" e" rarab{b{| | glglfafa{b{bdl& dl& f|f|mymy|~|~& & mbmbdrdrac& ac& uhuhjajaf{f{|m|m&& u|fh`da{l&e`af {a~& w``k {a~ kad ulnagabdra$
u|fh`da{l&e`af {a~& w``k {a~ kad ulnagabdra$ -
- NajaNajad d `~g`~gadbadbc c ububd{l{d{l{bu bu *ur*urd{d{jl{bjl{be e `~g`~gadbadbe" e" rabrab{|? {|? {jb{jb`af`afkljrkljrkl& kl& yr~yr~bkbbkbdl& dl& q|bq|bdbkdbkbdlbdl&& afkljrkl kad ulnagabdra$
afkljrkl kad ulnagabdra$ \d{
\d{|c |c f`gf`gam am kaukaua~ a~ naonaoa a |m|m|m|mdrdra a mldmldgg|dgg|dacaacad d auaauam m ejfejf`~b`~bka ka *JE*JEF" F" kldgkldgadad c`dkbub ulnagab nl~bc|{? c`dkbub ulnagab nl~bc|{? - - CC``dduulldd{{~~aauub b JJEEFF ? ? 55--11>>, , XX``ff||mmll - - UU||jj| | ``yyll~~aauubb ? ? ;;99¿ ¿ EE -
- Fama Fama yldelf|yad yldelf|yad ? ? <-1< <-1< mldb{mldb{ Obca c`dkb
Obca c`dkbub `cubka nldka cl~oub `cubka nldka cl~oa flnbj nl~a{& maca c`duld{a flnbj nl~a{& maca c`duld{~aub auam ejf`~b~aub auam ejf`~bka ka kaya{kaya{ kbdabccad m
kbdabccad mldoakb ldoakb 59, 59, ka~b nl~a{$ka~b nl~a{$
Akay|d cl|d{|dgad mldgg|dacad fa~|{ad auam ejf`~bka akafaj? Akay|d cl|d{|dgad mldgg|dacad fa~|{ad auam ejf`~bka akafaj? Mldgjaubfcad clul~agamad yl~m|cad yaka nldka cl~oa naoa
Mldgjaubfcad clul~agamad yl~m|cad yaka nldka cl~oa naoa M|kaj kbnbfau
M|kaj kbnbfau
{l~oakbdra `xl~ ybecfbdg flnbj clebf {l~oakbdra `xl~ ybecfbdg flnbj clebf @yl~aubdra flnbj m|kaj$
@yl~aubdra flnbj m|kaj$ Ulyl~{b
Ulyl~{b kbcl{akbcl{aj|b faybuad `cubj|b faybuad `cubka |m|dra {l~kb~b ka~b nlnl~aya bca{aka |m|dra {l~kb~b ka~b nlnl~aya bca{ad& rab{| nagbadd& rab{| nagbad f|a~ akafaj Hl
f|a~ akafaj Hl>>@@55$ Kldgad klmbcbad ulwac{| ylde|ebad acad {l~oakb ~lacub-~lacub ulnagab$ Kldgad klmbcbad ulwac{| ylde|ebad acad {l~oakb ~lacub-~lacub ulnagab nl~bc|{ ?
Hl>
Hl> @5 # @5 # > J> JEFEF > HlEF> # 5 J>@> HlEF> # 5 J>@ Hl5@
Hl5@; # ; # : : JEF JEF > > HlEFHlEF> > # # HlEFHlEF> > # # ; ; J>@J>@
Hl@ #
Hl@ # > > JEF JEF HlEF> HlEF> # # J>@J>@ Hl
Hl # # > > JEF JEF HlEF> HlEF> # # J>J>
Nbfa mldgg|dacad fa~|{ad auam u|fha{ *J>U@;" & maca c`dkbubdra |d{|c ylde|ebad Nbfa mldgg|dacad fa~|{ad auam u|fha{ *J>U@;" & maca c`dkbubdra |d{|c ylde|ebad naoa akafaj?
naoa akafaj?
C`duld{~aub
C`duld{~aub J>U@; J>U@; ?19 ?19 ― ― ;9, ;9, x`f|mlx`f|ml U|j|
U|j| `yl~aub `yl~aub ? ? 89 89 ― ― 29 29 ¹E¹E W
Wac{| ac{| yldelf|yad yldelf|yad ? < ? < -1< -1< mldb{mldb{ Cl|d{|dgad
Cl|d{|dgad mldgg|dacad auam mldgg|dacad auam u|fha{ u|fha{ akafaj?akafaj? - @dgc`u flnbj m|~aj
- @dgc`u flnbj m|~aj
- Yldelma~ad na| ~ldkaj/clebf - Yldelma~ad na| ~ldkaj/clebf Akay|d ~lacub-~lacub
Akay|d ~lacub-~lacub radg {l~oradg {l~oakb yaka akb yaka uaa{ uaa{ ylde|ebad ylde|ebad akafaj ulnagab akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{ bdb?nl~bc|{ bdb? Hl>@5
Hl>@5 # # 5 5 J>U@; J>U@; Hl> Hl> *U@;"5 *U@;"5 # # 5 5 J>@J>@ Hl5@;
Hl5@; # # ; ; J>U@; J>U@; HlU@; HlU@; # # Hl> Hl> *U@;"5 *U@;"5 # # ; ; J>@J>@ Hl@
Hl@ # # J>U@; J>U@; HlU@; HlU@; # # J>@J>@ Hl
Hl # # J>U@; J>U@; HlU@; HlU@; # # J>@J>@
\d{|c na~adg-na~adg naoa/nlub e`~ radg mldgadk|dg ubua-ubua yaub~ kaya{ kbg|dacad \d{|c na~adg-na~adg naoa/nlub e`~ radg mldgadk|dg ubua-ubua yaub~ kaya{ kbg|dacad fa~|{ad eamy|~ad ka~b auam u|fha{ kad auam hf|`n`~be& ulnan fa~|{ad bdb kaya{ nl~h|dgub ulfabd fa~|{ad eamy|~ad ka~b auam u|fha{ kad auam hf|`n`~be& ulnan fa~|{ad bdb kaya{ nl~h|dgub ulfabd |d{|c mldgjbfadgcad `cubka/ul~ybjad o|ga kaya{ mlmnl~ubjcad ubua-ubua yaub~ radg dlmylf |d{|c mldgjbfadgcad `cubka/ul~ybjad o|ga kaya{ mlmnl~ubjcad ubua-ubua yaub~ radg dlmylf yaka nldka cl~oa& ulkadgcad c`my`ubub kad c`dkbub `yl~aubdra akafaj ulyl~{b yaka {lnlf 5 yaka nldka cl~oa& ulkadgcad c`my`ubub kad c`dkbub `yl~aubdra akafaj ulyl~{b yaka {lnlf 5
kbnawaj bdb $ kbnawaj bdb $
[anlf 5 C`my`ubub kad C`dkbub @yl~aub Ylde|ebad kldgad J>U@; kad JH [anlf 5 C`my`ubub kad C`dkbub @yl~aub Ylde|ebad kldgad J>U@; kad JH
N Naajjaadd CC``mmyy``uubbuubb//CC``ddkkbbuubb A Auuaam m uu||ffhhaa{ { **JJ>>UU@@;;"" < - 7< - 7, x, x``ff||mmll A Auuaam m hhff||``nn``~~bbe e **JJHH"" 5 5 - <- <, , xx``ff||mmll [ [llmmyyll~~aa{{||~~ <<9 9 - - <<::¹¹ee W Waacc{{| | YYllddeellff||yyaadd ; ; ooaamm
ul{lfaj y~`ulu ylde|ebad *ybecfbdg"& maca nldka cl~oa kbnbfau kldgad ab~ nl~ubj kad ul{lfaj y~`ulu ylde|ebad *ybecfbdg"& maca nldka cl~oa kbnbfau kldgad ab~ nl~ubj kad ulfado|{dra mlfadgcaj cly~`ulu ulfado|{dra &rab{| y~`ulu ylfaybuad$
ulfado|{dra mlfadgcaj cly~`ulu ulfado|{dra &rab{| y~`ulu ylfaybuad$
Nldka cl~oa radg {lfaj mldgafamb y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc *ylfaybuad"& yl~f| kbnbfau& kbe|eb Nldka cl~oa radg {lfaj mldgafamb y~`ulu faybu fbu{~bc *ylfaybuad"& yl~f| kbnbfau& kbe|eb nl~ubj kad clm|kbad kbcl~bdgcad$ cakadg-cakadg kbfac|cad y~`ulu fado|{ ulyl~{b kbyaubhcad nl~ubj kad clm|kbad kbcl~bdgcad$ cakadg-cakadg kbfac|cad y~`ulu fado|{ ulyl~{b kbyaubhcad
*yaubhha{bdg" a{a| kbnl~b faybu ylfbdk|dg radg {~aduya~ad$ *yaubhha{bdg" a{a| kbnl~b faybu ylfbdk|dg radg {~aduya~ad$
NAN BX NAN BX
YLFAYBUAD [LMNAGA& DBCLF KAD EJ^@MB\M YLFAYBUAD [LMNAGA& DBCLF KAD EJ^@MB\M
A$
A$ YLFYLFAYBAYBUAD [LUAD [LMNAMNAGA *GA *E@YYE@YYL^"L^"
Ylfaybuad {lmnaga nadrac kbg|dacad ad{a~a fabd |d{|c mlmyl~`flj faybuad faybuad Ylfaybuad {lmnaga nadrac kbg|dacad ad{a~a fabd |d{|c mlmyl~`flj faybuad faybuad f`gam kldgad {|o|ad?
f`gam kldgad {|o|ad?
Ulnagab faybuad yl~ad{a~a *kaua~/u{~bcl" Ulnagab faybuad yl~ad{a~a *kaua~/u{~bcl"
Ulnagab faybuad kldgad jad{a~ yadau kad a~|u fbu{~bc radg nabc Ulnagab faybuad kldgad jad{a~ yadau kad a~|u fbu{~bc radg nabc Kbg|dacad kafam y~`ulu lflc{~`h`~mbdg
Kbg|dacad kafam y~`ulu lflc{~`h`~mbdg Yl
Ylfafaybybuauad d ylyl~ad~ad{a{a~a ~a *u*u{~{~bcbcl" l" akakafafaj aj u|u|a{a{| | fafaybuybuad ad {b{bybybu u kakad d nlnl~h~h|d|dgugub b fafaybybuauadd yl
yldkajdkaj|f||f|ad ad ulnulnlf|m lf|m kbfkbfac|ac|cad cad ylfaylfaybuybuad ad ulfulfadoado|{dr|{dra$[a$[lnaf lnaf fayfaybubuad ad nl~cnl~cbuabua~ad{~ad{a~ a~ 1 1 ― ― 55 mbc~`d$
mbc~`d$
Nbfa f`gam kaua~ *nldka cl~oa" {l~n|a{ ka~b naoa *yak|addra"& nbauadra ylfaybuad Nbfa f`gam kaua~ *nldka cl~oa" {l~n|a{ ka~b naoa *yak|addra"& nbauadra ylfaybuad yl~ad{a~a yl~f| kbfac|cad$ ulkadgcad |d{|c f`gam kaua~ {lmnaga *yak|addra" & {bkac yl~f| yl~ad{a~a yl~f| kbfac|cad$ ulkadgcad |d{|c f`gam kaua~ {lmnaga *yak|addra" & {bkac yl~f|
kbfac|cad ca~lda |du|~ {lmanaga u|kaj aka$ kbfac|cad ca~lda |du|~ {lmanaga u|kaj aka$ 1$ Fa~|{ad Lflc{~`fb{
1$ Fa~|{ad Lflc{~`fb{
Oldbu fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kafam y~`ulu ylfaybuad {lmnaga &kbclf`my`ccad kafam Oldbu fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ kafam y~`ulu ylfaybuad {lmnaga &kbclf`my`ccad kafam k|a oldbu rab{| oldbu afcafb kad auam$ Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg nadrac kbg|dacad kad k|a oldbu rab{| oldbu afcafb kad auam$ Fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg nadrac kbg|dacad kad m|kaj kbkaya{ kbyaua~ kb bdk`dluba akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{?
m|kaj kbkaya{ kbyaua~ kb bdk`dluba akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{? a$
a$ FaFa~|~|{a{ad old oldbdbu afu afcacafbfb?? 1$ Fa~|{ad u`kb|m erdbka? 1$ Fa~|{ad u`kb|m erdbka? E
E||EEDD ? ? 11< < ― ― >>>>&&< < gg~~//ff DaED
DaED ? ? >: >: ― ― 55&< 55&< g~/fg~/f D
Daa>>EE@@55 ??11< < ― ― 559 9 gg~~//ff Da@J
Da@J ?kbulu|abcad ?kbulu|abcad kldgad kldgad yJyJ C`dkbub `yl~aub
C`dkbub `yl~aub
{lmyl~a{|~
{lmyl~a{|~ ? ? << << - - 89¹E89¹E ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ?>&18 ?>&18 ;&5>A/km>;&5>A/km> yJ
yJ ? ? 1> 1> ― ― 1>&81>&8
>$
>$ Fa~|{ad u`kb|m Fa~|{ad u`kb|m eradbk ^`ejlffl eradbk ^`ejlffl uaf{?uaf{? E
E||EEDD ? ? >>88&&< < - - ;;;;gg~~//ff D
D
Daa>>EE@@55 ? ? 11< < - - 8899gg~~//ff D
Daa@@ ??kkbbuulluu||aabbccaad d kkllddggaad d yyJJ C`dkbub `yl~aub
C`dkbub `yl~aub {lmyl~a{|~
{lmyl~a{|~ ? 79 ? 79 - - :9¹E:9¹E ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? ;&5> ;&5> ― ― <&; <&; A/km>A/km>
yJ
yJ ? ? 1515
5$ Fa~|{ad y`{aub|m eradbk 5$ Fa~|{ad y`{aub|m eradbk E|Ed E|Ed ? ? 89 89 g~/fg~/f DaEd DaEd ? ? 2< 2< g~/fg~/f Da>E@5 Da>E@5 ? ? 1< 1< g~/fg~/f C@J C@J ? ? ;> ;> g~/fg~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub [ [llmmyyll~~aa{{||u u ? ? 77< < --::99¿ ¿ EE ^
^aayyaa{ { aa~~||u u ? ? 55&&>>; ; ― ― 88$$;;: : AA//kkmm y
yJ J ? f? fllnnbbj j nnlluuaa~ ~ kkaa~~b b 11>>
n
n$$ FaFa~|~|{a{ad old oldbdbu au auauam ?m ? 1$
1$ Fa~|{ad e`yyl~ Fa~|{ad e`yyl~ u|fha{ u|fha{ {bdggb{bdggb E E||UU@@;; ? >? >999 9 ― ― >><<9 9 gg~~//ff J J>>UU@@;; ? 5? 59 9 ― ― 88< < gg~~//ff C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub [ [llmmyyll~~aa{{||~ ~ ? >9 ? >9 - - <<99¿¿EE ^
^aayyaa{ { aa~~||u u ? ? > > ― ― 119 9 AA//kkmm>> Agb{au
Agb{aub b ? ? |ka~a|ka~a
Ad`ka
Ad`ka ? ? ca{`ka ca{`ka ? ? 1 1 ? ? 11
Fa~|{ad bdb ul~bdg o|ga kbg|dacad |d{|c Fa~|{ad bdb ul~bdg o|ga kbg|dacad |d{|c
y~`ulu lflc{~` h`~mbdg$ y~`ulu lflc{~` h`~mbdg$ >"$
>"$ Fa~|{ad e`yyl~ Fa~|{ad e`yyl~ u|fha{ u|fha{ ~ldkaj~ldkaj E|U@;
E|U@; ? ? 5< 5< g~/fg~/f
D
Da@a@J J ? ? :9 :9 g~/g~/ff ^`ejlffl
^`ejlffl Uaf{ Uaf{ ? ? 1<9 1<9 g~/fg~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub
C`dkbub `yl~aub [
[lmyl~a{|~ lmyl~a{|~ ? ? >< >< - - 59¹E59¹E ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? 1&< 1&< A/km>A/km> 5"$ Fa~|{ad e`yyl~ hf|`~bka
5"$ Fa~|{ad e`yyl~ hf|`~bka E
E||**NNHH;;""> > ? ? >>>>< < - - ;;<<9 9 gg~~//ff JN
JNH; H; ? ? kbkbululu|u|ababcacad d yJyJ C`dkbub `yl~aub
C`dkbub `yl~aub [
[llmmyyll~~aa{{||~ ~ ? ? >>7 7 - - 7777¿¿EE ^
^aayyaa{ { aa~~||u u ? ? 77&&< < ― ― 55< < AA//kkmm>>
yJ
yJ ? ? 9&8 9&8 ― ― 1&<1&< Agb{aub
Agb{aub ? ? |ka~a|ka~a Clg|daa
Clg|daad ka~b maubdg-mad ka~b maubdg-maubdg fa~|{aubdg fa~|{ad kba{au e|c|y f|au d kba{au e|c|y f|au fa~|{afa~|{ad oldbu afcafb nadrd oldbu afcafb nadrac ac kbg
kbg|dac|dacad ad yakyaka a ylfylfaybaybuad uad naonaoa a *yak*yak|ad|addradra"$ "$ UlkaUlkadgcadgcad d oldoldbu bu auam auam kbgkbg|da|dacad cad |d{|d{|c |c mldkaya{cad faybuad rag {bybu kad |d{|c y~`k|c-y~`k|c n|cad naoa$
mldkaya{cad faybuad rag {bybu kad |d{|c y~`k|c-y~`k|c n|cad naoa$ >$
>$ Y~Y~`u`ulu Yllu Ylfafaybybuauad [d [lmnlmnagagaa Y~`u
Y~`ulu lu ylfylfaybaybuad uad {lm{lmnagnaga a yaka yaka y~by~bdubdubydrydra a uamuama a ulyulyl~{l~{b b y~`y~`uluulu-y~`-y~`ulu ulu ylfylfaybaybuaduad f`
ulnlf|mdra$ Akay|d fadgcaj-fadgcaj y~`ulu-y~`ulu ylfaybuad {l~uln|{ kbgamna~cad ulyl~{b ulnlf|mdra$ Akay|d fadgcaj-fadgcaj y~`ulu-y~`ulu ylfaybuad {l~uln|{ kbgamna~cad ulyl~{b nagbad afb~ad y~`ulu nl~bc|{ bdb ?
nagbad afb~ad y~`ulu nl~bc|{ bdb ?
Gamna~ ; Nagbad
Gamna~ ; Nagbad Afb~ad Y~`ulu Ylfaybuad Afb~ad Y~`ulu Ylfaybuad [[lmnagalmnaga
\d{|c b{| ulwac{| yldlmya{ad ad`ka ja~|u kbyl~ja{bcad jaf-jaf ulnab nl~bc|{ ? \d{|c b{| ulwac{| yldlmya{ad ad`ka ja~|u kbyl~ja{bcad jaf-jaf ulnab nl~bc|{ ?
Ad`ka jldkacdra nl~jakayad fadgu|dg kldgad na~adg radg acad kbfaybub *ca{`ka"Ad`ka jldkacdra nl~jakayad fadgu|dg kldgad na~adg radg acad kbfaybub *ca{`ka"
\uajacad oa~ac ad{a~a ad`ka kad ca{`ka >99 ― 599 mm\uajacad oa~ac ad{a~a ad`ka kad ca{`ka >99 ― 599 mm
Fadgcaj-fadgcaj nl~bc|{dra bafaj yldga{|~ad u|j| fa~|{ad ulu|ab radg kb{ld{|cad$ Fadgcaj-fadgcaj nl~bc|{dra bafaj yldga{|~ad u|j| fa~|{ad ulu|ab radg kb{ld{|cad$ Ul{lfaj u|j| fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ mlmld|jb c`dkbub radg kbbdgbdcad& a{|~faj ~aya{ a~|u rab{| Ul{lfaj u|j| fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ mlmld|jb c`dkbub radg kbbdgbdcad& a{|~faj ~aya{ a~|u rab{| >&18 ― ;&5> A/km> radg nl~a~{b nawa ul{bay f|au yl~m|caad nldka cl~oa ulnaua~ 1 km> >&18 ― ;&5> A/km> radg nl~a~{b nawa ul{bay f|au yl~m|caad nldka cl~oa ulnaua~ 1 km> kbyl~f|cad a~|u >&18 ― ;&5> amyl~$
kbyl~f|cad a~|u >&18 ― ;&5> amyl~$
Famadra ylfaybuad {l~gad{|dg yaka cl{lnafad radg kbbdgbdcad nbauadra nl~cbua~ Famadra ylfaybuad {l~gad{|dg yaka cl{lnafad radg kbbdgbdcad nbauadra nl~cbua~ ad{a~a < ― 59 mldb{$ Na~adg radg {lfaj kbfaybu clm|kbad kbnbfau kad kbfado|{cad kldgad ad{a~a < ― 59 mldb{$ Na~adg radg {lfaj kbfaybu clm|kbad kbnbfau kad kbfado|{cad kldgad y~`ulu nl~bc|{dra *kbcl~bdgcad
y~`ulu nl~bc|{dra *kbcl~bdgcad a{a| kbfado|{cad a{a| kbfado|{cad kldgad ylfaybuad dbclf kldgad ylfaybuad dbclf kad fabddra"$kad fabddra"$
5$
5$ Ylcl~oaad Ylcl~oaad Yldkaj|f|adYldkaj|f|ad Ylc
Ylcl~ol~oaad aad yldyldkaj|kaj|f|af|ad d mlfmlfby|by|{b& {b& ylmnylmnl~ul~ubjabjad d uleulea~a a~a mlcmlcadbadbu&yu&ylde|lde|ebaebad d flmflmac&ac& ylmnl~ubjad ca~a{ kad ylmnbfauad$ [lmnaga kbg|dacad ulnagab afau |d{|c mlfaybub naoa ylmnl~ubjad ca~a{ kad ylmnbfauad$ [lmnaga kbg|dacad ulnagab afau |d{|c mlfaybub naoa
{l~|{ama yaka faybu dbclf kad cj~`m$ {l~|{ama yaka faybu dbclf kad cj~`m$
Ulm|a faybu {lmnaga kb a{au naoa kbcl~oacad kldgad fa~|{ad ubadbk ca~lda fa~|{ad fabd Ulm|a faybu {lmnaga kb a{au naoa kbcl~oacad kldgad fa~|{ad ubadbk ca~lda fa~|{ad fabd eldkl~|dg mlmnld{|c ldkayad elf|y radg {bkac mlflca{ c|a{ nlnl~aya cau|u {lmnaga eldkl~|dg mlmnld{|c ldkayad elf|y radg {bkac mlflca{ c|a{ nlnl~aya cau|u {lmnaga ubadbk kbg|dacad ulnagab faybu u{~bcl Clm|kbad kbbc|{b kldgad faybu {lmnaga auam a{a| ubadbk kbg|dacad ulnagab faybu u{~bcl Clm|kbad kbbc|{b kldgad faybu {lmnaga auam a{a| yr~`yj`uya{ radg clflnbjaddra kafam y~`ulu elya{ o|ga mldkarag|dacad y~`ulu n|hhbdg kad yr~`yj`uya{ radg clflnbjaddra kafam y~`ulu elya{ o|ga mldkarag|dacad y~`ulu n|hhbdg kad
Nbfau Nbfau Ylde|ebad
Ylde|ebad flmac flmac Y
Yllccll~~ooaaaaddmmllccaaddbbuu YYllddee||eebbaaddaauuaamm
YLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD YLCL^OAAD YLDKAJ\F\AD
N
Nbbffaauu Ylfaybuad {lmnagaYlfaybuad {lmnaga NNbbffaauu Yldgl~bdgad
mldgjbdka~b fbmnaj badbk nldka cl~oa radg acad kbfaybub uldg nbauadra kbfaybu {lmnaga flnbj mldgjbdka~b fbmnaj badbk nldka cl~oa radg acad kbfaybub uldg nbauadra kbfaybu {lmnaga flnbj kaj|
kaj|f| f| ca~lca~lda dbclf {bkac nbau kbldda dbclf {bkac nbau kbldkayckaycad ulea~a fadgad ulea~a fadgu|du|dg g $|d{$|d{|c najad ga~aya|c najad ga~ayad d ka~bka~b af|mbdb|m kad magdlub|m {lmnaga ubadbk kad yr~`yj`uya{ kbg|dacad ulnagab faybu u{~bcl af|mbdb|m kad magdlub|m {lmnaga ubadbk kad yr~`yj`uya{ kbg|dacad ulnagab faybu u{~bcl yaka jaubf {l~uln|{ {lmnaga kbfaybucad kba{au ldkayad uldg elf|y kad kbbc{b dbclf a{a| faybu yaka jaubf {l~uln|{ {lmnaga kbfaybucad kba{au ldkayad uldg elf|y kad kbbc{b dbclf a{a| faybu
f`gam fabd f`gam fabd
N$
N$ YLYLFAFAYBYBUAUAD DBCD DBCLFLF Ylfaybuad dbclf
Ylfaybuad dbclf uadga{ uadga{ f|au kbg|dacad f|au kbg|dacad bdk|u{~b-bdk|u{~b ylfaybubdk|u{~b-bdk|u{~b ylfaybuad$\m|mdra faybuadad$\m|mdra faybuad dbclf ml~|yacad fybuad fado|{ad ka~b faybuad {lmnaga kad kb acjb~b kldgad faybuad ulyl~{b dbclf ml~|yacad fybuad fado|{ad ka~b faybuad {lmnaga kad kb acjb~b kldgad faybuad ulyl~{b ej~`mb|m lmau kad fabdra$
ej~`mb|m lmau kad fabdra$
Nlfacadgad bdb nadrac y~`k|c-y~`k|c jadra kbfaybub dbclf uaoa {adya kldgad faybuad Nlfacadgad bdb nadrac y~`k|c-y~`k|c jadra kbfaybub dbclf uaoa {adya kldgad faybuad ej~`mb|m$ Jaf bdb kbulu|abcad kldgad {|o|ad kad yldgg|daad y~`k|c kbmada h|dgubdra ej~`mb|m$ Jaf bdb kbulu|abcad kldgad {|o|ad kad yldgg|daad y~`k|c kbmada h|dgubdra nl~nlka$ Faybuad ulyl~{b bdb {lnafdra nbua kb{bdgca{cad uamyab >9 mbc~`d$ Faybuad dbclf nl~nlka$ Faybuad ulyl~{b bdb {lnafdra nbua kb{bdgca{cad uamyab >9 mbc~`d$ Faybuad dbclf kaya{ kbcfahbubcaubcad mld|~|{ fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg kbg|dacad$ Cfaubhbcaub faybuad dbclf kaya{ kbcfahbubcaubcad mld|~|{ fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{ radg kbg|dacad$ Cfaubhbcaub faybuad dbclf {l~uln|{& ubha{-ubha{ ul~{a yldgg|daaddra kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka {anlf ; kbnawaj bdb$
{l~uln|{& ubha{-ubha{ ul~{a yldgg|daaddra kaya{ kbfbja{ yaka {anlf ; kbnawaj bdb$ [anlf ; Cfaubhbcaub kad Yldgg|daad Ylfaybuad Dbclf [anlf ; Cfaubhbcaub kad Yldgg|daad Ylfaybuad Dbclf
1$ Fa~|{ad Lflc{~`fb{ 1$ Fa~|{ad Lflc{~`fb{ FA^\[AD
FA^\[AD YLFAYBU YLFAYBU *YFA[BDG*YFA[BDG N
NAA[[JJ"" UUBBHHAA[ [ ― ― UUBBHHAA[ [ YYLLDDGGGG\\DDAAAADD Fa~|{ad ylfaybu mldgcbfay
Fa~|{ad ylfaybu mldgcbfay Ulyl~{b wa{{‒u na{j a{a| u|fhama{l na{jUlyl~{b wa{{‒u na{j a{a| u|fhama{l na{j Fa~|{ad wa{{‒u
Fa~|{ad wa{{‒u Ylfaybuad c`dxldub`daf *nbaua"& clelya{ad ylfaybuad {bdggb& na~~lf yfa{bdg&Ylfaybuad c`dxldub`daf *nbaua"& clelya{ad ylfaybuad {bdggb& na~~lf yfa{bdg& fa~|{ad u{adka~k |d{|c faybuad n~bgj{
fa~|{ad u{adka~k |d{|c faybuad n~bgj{ Dbclf u|~am
Dbclf u|~am Clelya{ad ylfaybuad ~ldkaj *9$< A/km>"& faybuad {bybu& na~~lf yfa{bdgClelya{ad ylfaybuad ~ldkaj *9$< A/km>"& faybuad {bybu& na~~lf yfa{bdg Fa~|{ad auam u|fha{ ejf`~bkl
Fa~|{ad auam u|fha{ ejf`~bkl N|{b~ faybuad flnbj nabc& faybuad flnbj |fl{ N|{b~ faybuad flnbj nabc& faybuad flnbj |fl{ *k|e{bfl" kbnadkbdg faybuad wa{{‒u&*k|e{bfl" kbnadkbdg faybuad wa{{‒u& m|kaj kafam yldgl~oaad n|hhbdg
m|kaj kafam yldgl~oaad n|hhbdg Fa~|{ad aff u|fha{
Fa~|{ad aff u|fha{ Ylfaybuad kldgad ad`ka {bkac fa~|{& ulnagab Ylfaybuad kldgad ad`ka {bkac fa~|{& ulnagab faybu yl~m|caadfaybu yl~m|caad Fa~|{ad aff ejf`~bkl
Fa~|{ad aff ejf`~bkl N|{b~ad faybuad nabc& faybuad flnbj jaf|u kbnadkbdg N|{b~ad faybuad nabc& faybuad flnbj jaf|u kbnadkbdg fa~|{ad wa{{‒u& clc|a{adfa~|{ad wa{{‒u& clc|a{ad {bdggb yl~yadoadgad ~ldkaj& {lgadgad {bdggb
{bdggb yl~yadoadgad ~ldkaj& {lgadgad {bdggb Fa~|{ad u{~bcbdg
Fa~|{ad u{~bcbdg Ylfaybuad yaka u{abdfluu u{llf& yauubxa{bdg Ylfaybuad yaka u{abdfluu u{llf& yauubxa{bdg f`gam-f`gam fabddraf`gam-f`gam fabddra F Faa~~||{{aad d ddbbccllf f jjbb{{aamm YYllffaayybbuuaad d kkllcc``~~aa{{bbh h Fa~|{ad u|fhama{ Fa~|{ad u|fhama{ Fa~|{ad hf|`n`~a{ Fa~|{ad hf|`n`~a{
Clelya{ad Clelya{ad ylfaybuad ylfaybuad {bdggb{bdggb
\d{|c lfle{~`h`~mbdg\d{|c lfle{~`h`~mbdg
Na~~lf yfa{bdgNa~~lf yfa{bdg Fa~|{ad u|fha{ {bdggb
Fa~|{ad u|fha{ {bdggb Fa~|{ad zbafb{ Fa~|{ad zbafb{
Fa~|{ad ga~am c`myflcu
Fa~|{ad ga~am c`myflcu Ylfaybuad dbclf fadgu|dg yaka zbde aff`rYlfaybuad dbclf fadgu|dg yaka zbde aff`r Fa~|{ad c`my`ub{
Oldbu fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{& fazbmdra kbnl~b dama nl~kaua~cad |du|~ a{a| c`my`ubu Oldbu fa~|{ad lflc{~`fb{& fazbmdra kbnl~b dama nl~kaua~cad |du|~ a{a| c`my`ubu cbmba
cbmba ma|y|d ubha{ ka~b fa~|{ama|y|d ubha{ ka~b fa~|{ad {l~uln|{$Nd {l~uln|{$Nl~cab{l~cab{ad kldgad b{| cfaubhbcauad kldgad b{| cfaubhbcaub kba{au fa~|{adb kba{au fa~|{ad lflf{~`fb{ ylfaybuad dbclf kaya{ kbdra{acad a{a| kbclf`my`cad ulnagab nl~bc|{ ?
lflf{~`fb{ ylfaybuad dbclf kaya{ kbdra{acad a{a| kbclf`my`cad ulnagab nl~bc|{ ? a$
a$ YlYlfafaybybuauad dbcd dbclf u|lf u|~a~am a{am a{a|| k`y *K|ff dbclf yfa{bdg" k`y *K|ff dbclf yfa{bdg" 1"$K|ff dbclf yfa{bdg {lmyl~a{|~ 1"$K|ff dbclf yfa{bdg {lmyl~a{|~ cama~ ? cama~ ? D DbbUU`` ? ? 11<<9 9 gg~~//ff DJ;Ef DJ;Ef ? ? 1< 1< g~/fg~/f J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? 1< 1< g~/fg~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub [
[lmyl~a{|~ lmyl~a{|~ ? ? >9 >9 - - 59¹E59¹E yJ
yJ ? ? <&: <&: ― ― 8&>8&> ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? 9&< 9&< ― ― 9&: 9&: A/fA/f Ca{`ka ? ad`ka ? > ? 1
Ca{`ka ? ad`ka ? > ? 1
>"$Fa~|{ad Wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u na{j " >"$Fa~|{ad Wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u na{j " DbU@ DbU@ ? ? >>9 >>9 ― ― 5:9 5:9 g~/fg~/f D DbbEEff>> ? ? 559 9 ― ― 889 9 gg~~//ff J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? 59 59 ― ― ;< ;< g~/fg~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub [
[lmyl~a{|~ lmyl~a{|~ ? ? ;< ;< - - 8<¹E8<¹E yJ
yJ ? ? ~ldkaj ~ldkaj ? ? > > - - >&<>&< -
- ulkadg ulkadg ? ? 5&< 5&< - - ;; -
- {bdggb {bdggb ? ? ;&: ;&: ― ― <&><&> ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? >&< >&< ― ― 19 19 A/km>A/km> Ad`ka
Ad`ka ? ? ca{`ka ca{`ka ? 1 ? 1 ?1?1
5"$
5"$ Fa~|{ad aff u|fha{ Fa~|{ad aff u|fha{ * * Aff u|fha{ Aff u|fha{ na{j "na{j " DbU@; DbU@; ? ? 599 599 g~/fg~/f J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? ;9 ;9 g~/fg~/f C`dbkbub `yl~aub C`dbkbub `yl~aub [
[lmyl~a{|~ lmyl~a{|~ ? ? <;¹E<;¹E yJ
yJ ? ? 5 5 ― ― << ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? >&1 >&1 ― ― 11 11 A/km>A/km> ;$" Fa~|{ad u|fh|~be aebk ejf`~bk * U|fh|~be ;$" Fa~|{ad u|fh|~be aebk ejf`~bk * U|fh|~be aebk ejf`~bk na{j "
aebk ejf`~bk na{j " DbU@; DbU@; ? ? 12< 12< g~/fg~/f DbEf> DbEf> ? ? 17; 17; g~/fg~/f J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? ;9 ;9 g~/fg~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub ^lmyl~a{|~
^lmyl~a{|~ ? ? ;<¿E;<¿E
yJ
yJ ? ? 1&<1&< ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? >&< >&< ― ― 11 11 A/km>A/km> <$" Fa~|{ad aff ejf`~bk * Aff ejf`~bkl na{j " <$" Fa~|{ad aff ejf`~bk * Aff ejf`~bkl na{j " DbU@; DbU@; ? ? >;9 >;9 g~/fg~/f J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? 59 59 g~/fg~/f C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub [
[lmyl~a{|~ lmyl~a{|~ ? ? << << - - 79¹E79¹E
yJ
yJ ? ? >> ^aya{
^aya{ a~|u a~|u ? ? >&< >&< ― ― 11 11 A/km>A/km>
n
n$ $ FaFa~|~|{{ad ad fafaybybuuad ad dbdbclclf f mlmldgdgbbcfcfayay * N~bgj{ dbclf yfa{lbdg na{j"
* N~bgj{ dbclf yfa{lbdg na{j" 1$" Fa~|{ad kldgad yJ ~ldkaj 1$" Fa~|{ad kldgad yJ ~ldkaj DbU@; DbU@; ? ? 559 559 g~/fg~/f DbEf> DbEf> ? ? ;< ;< g~/fg~/f J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? 59 59 g~/fg~/f N~bgj{ldl~ N~bgj{ldl~ B B ? ? > > mf/fmf/f N~bgj{ldl~ N~bgj{ldl~ M M ? ? 1 1 ― ― > > mf/fmf/f
Ka~b nl~maeam-maeam oldbu fa~|{ad kba{au radg ul~bdg kbg|dacad akafaj oldbu a{a| Ka~b nl~maeam-maeam oldbu fa~|{ad kba{au radg ul~bdg kbg|dacad akafaj oldbu a{a| y~`ulu$Wa{{‒una{j$ Ca~lda akadra yl~{bmnadgad kbnawaj najad-najaddra m|kaj kbkaya{& y~`ulu$Wa{{‒una{j$ Ca~lda akadra yl~{bmnadgad kbnawaj najad-najaddra m|kaj kbkaya{&
lc`d`mbu kad amad$ lc`d`mbu kad amad$
>$ Y~`ulu Ylfaybuad Dbclf >$ Y~`ulu Ylfaybuad Dbclf
Ulea
Ulea~a ~a cluclulf|~lf|~|ja|jad d y~`y~`ulu ulu ylfylfaybaybuad uad dbcldbclf f kayakaya{ { kbfkbfbjabja{ { yaka yaka nagnagbad bad afbafb~ad ~ad y~`uy~`ululu gam
gamnana~ ~ < < kbkbnanawawaj j bdbdb b $ $ FaFadgcdgcaj-aj-fafadgdgcaj caj y~y~`u`ulu lu {l{l~u~uln|ln|{ { mlmldeadeac|y c|y {aj{ajayayad-ad-{j{jayaayadd yldgl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad a{a| ylfaybuad kad yldgl~oaad acjb~ $
Gamna~ < Nagbad afb~ad y~`ulu ylfaybuad dbclf Gamna~ < Nagbad afb~ad y~`ulu ylfaybuad dbclf Yldg
Yldgl~ol~oaad aad yldyldkaj|kaj|f|af|ad d mlfmlfby|{by|{b? b? ylmylmnl~nl~ubjubjad ad uleulea~a a~a mlcmlcadbadbu& u& yldylde|ebe|ebad ad flmflmac&ac& ylmnl~u
ylmnl~ubjad ca~a{ kad ylmnbfaubjad ca~a{ kad ylmnbfauad ad Ylcl~oYlcl~oaad bdb uama ulyl~{b ylcl~oaaad bdb uama ulyl~{b ylcl~oaad yldkaj|f|aad yldkaj|f|ad yakad yaka y~`ulu ylfaybuad {lmnaga r
y~`ulu ylfaybuad {lmnaga radg adg u|kaj kb|~abcad yaka nan uu|kaj kb|~abcad yaka nan ulnlf|mdra $lnlf|mdra $
Nbfamada f`gam kaua~ {l~uln|{ {l~n|a{ ka~b yak|ad {lmnaga ulyl~{b mbuafdra c|dbdgad& Nbfamada f`gam kaua~ {l~uln|{ {l~n|a{ ka~b yak|ad {lmnaga ulyl~{b mbuafdra c|dbdgad& yl~
yl~|dgg|dgg|& |& kad kad fabfabddrddra& a& ylfaylfaybuybuad ad dbcdbclf lf ul{ul{lfalfaj j ylclylcl~oa~oaad ad yldkyldkaj|aj|f|ad f|ad nbunbua a fadfadgu|gu|dgdg kbfac|cad$
kbfac|cad$
a$
a$ @y@yl~l~auaub b ylylfafaybybuauadd Ul{
Ul{lfaj f`gam lfaj f`gam kaukaua~ a~ kbfkbfaybaybu u {lm{lmnaga naga a{aa{a| | f`gf`gam am kaukaua~ a~ radradg g mldmldgadkgadk|dg |dg |du|du|~ |~ {lmnaga {lfaj ubay |d{|c faybua
{lmnaga {lfaj ubay |d{|c faybua dbclf maca fadgu|dg kbnbfau kldgad dbclf maca fadgu|dg kbnbfau kldgad ab~$ab~$
\d{|c ylfaybuad ylfaybuad dbclf ulnagab kaua~ ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m klc`~a{bh& nbauadra \d{|c ylfaybuad ylfaybuad dbclf ulnagab kaua~ ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m klc`~a{bh& nbauadra k|g|dacad faybuaddbclf rg mldgcbfay * n~bgj{ dbclf yfa{bdg "$
k|g|dacad faybuaddbclf rg mldgcbfay * n~bgj{ dbclf yfa{bdg "$
C`mybubub fa~|{ad kad c`dkbub `y~aub n~bgj{ dbclf yfa{bdg akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{ C`mybubub fa~|{ad kad c`dkbub `y~aub n~bgj{ dbclf yfa{bdg akafaj ulnagab nl~bc|{
DbU@; DbU@; ? ? ><9 ><9 g~/fg~/f DbEf> DbEf> ? ? <9g~/f<9g~/f J5N@5 J5N@5 ? ? ;9 ;9 g~/fg~/f N N~~bbggjj{{llddll~ ~ B B ::99 ? ? 5 5 mmff//ff n n~~bbggjj{{llddll~ ~ M M ::99 ? ? > > mmff//ff C`dkbub `yl~aub C`dkbub `yl~aub [
[lmyl~a{|~ lmyl~a{|~ ? ? ;9 ;9 - - :9¹E:9¹E
yJ
yJ ? ? ;&< ;&< - - 88 ^aya{
^aya{ `yl~aub `yl~aub ? ? 5 5 A/km>A/km> Agb{aub
Agb{aub ? ? |ka~a|ka~a
Fadgcaj-fadgcaj `yl~aub ylfaybuad kaya{ kbfbja{ ulyl~{b radg {lfaj kb|~abcad yaka Fadgcaj-fadgcaj `yl~aub ylfaybuad kaya{ kbfbja{ ulyl~{b radg {lfaj kb|~abcad yaka nan- nan ulnlf|mdra ma|y|d yaka y~`ulu `yl~aub ylfaybuad {lmnaga$ [l{ayab kafam `yl~aub bdb nan ulnlf|mdra ma|y|d yaka y~`ulu `yl~aub ylfaybuad {lmnaga$ [l{ayab kafam `yl~aub bdb
radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad
radg yl~f| kbyl~ja{bcad rab{| yldglelcad yJ& rab{| yldglelcad yJ& ca~lda ca~lda fa~|{ad bdb mlmy|drfa~|{ad bdb mlmy|drab cleldkl~|dgadab cleldkl~|dgad Yldgl~bdgad
Yldgl~bdgad Yldgl~oaad
Yldgl~oaad yldkaj|f|ad
yldkaj|f|ad NbfauNbfau
Ylfaybuad Ylfaybuad [lmnaga [lmnaga Ylfaybuad Ylfaybuad Ej~`mb|m Ej~`mb|m Kff Kff Ylfaybuad Ylfaybuad Dbclf Dbclf Nbfau Nbfau Nbfau Nbfau
Y J
Y J > $> $99 Y J Y J < $< $99 nl
nluaua~ ~ |d{|d{|c |c mlmldodoakakb b afafcacafbfbd$ d$ NlNlgbgb{| {| y|y|fa fa {l{l~ja~jakakay y {l{lmymyl~al~a{|{|~ ~ kakad d ~a~aya{ ya{ a~a~|u |u yl~yl~f|f| kbyl~ja{bcad& ca~lda acad mlmyldga~|jb ubha{-ubha{ ka~b faybuad
kbyl~ja{bcad& ca~lda acad mlmyldga~|jb ubha{-ubha{ ka~b faybuad
Yaka gamna~ 8& 7 kad : kbolfaucad yldga~|j yJ&{lmlyl~a{|~& kad ~aya{ a~|u {l~jakay Yaka gamna~ 8& 7 kad : kbolfaucad yldga~|j yJ&{lmlyl~a{|~& kad ~aya{ a~|u {l~jakay ubha{-ubha{ faybuad ka
ubha{-ubha{ faybuad ka~b y~`ulu ~b y~`ulu wa{{‒wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u *Wa{{‒u na{j u na{j ""
clcl~auad clcl~auad yl~yadoadgad yl~yadoadgad
Gamna~ 8 Yldga~|j yJ [l~jakay Ubha{-ubha{ Faybuad Gamna~ 8 Yldga~|j yJ [l~jakay Ubha{-ubha{ Faybuad C C l l c c l l ~ ~ a a u u a a d d * * X X b b e e c c l l ~ ~ u u " " , , Y Y l l ~ ~ y y a a d d o o a a d d g g a a d d * * b b d d e e j j b b " " C C l l c c l l ~ ~ a a u u a a d d * * X X b b e e c c l l ~ ~ u u " " , , Y Y l l ~ ~ y y a a d d o o a a d d g g a a d d * * b b d d e e j j b b " "
@
@HH @@HH
C
Cllccll~~aauuaadd ; ; A A / / kkmm>>*yJ <$9"*yJ <$9" Y
Yll~~yyaaddooaaddggaadd < < A A / / kkmm>>*yJ >$9"*yJ >$9"
Gamna~
Gamna~ 7 Yldga~|j [7 Yldga~|j [lmyl~a{|~ [lmyl~a{|~ [l~jakay Ubha{-ubha{ Faybuadl~jakay Ubha{-ubha{ Faybuad
Gamna~
Gamna~ : : Yldga~|j ^aya{ Yldga~|j ^aya{ A~|u [A~|u [l~jakay Ubhl~jakay Ubha{-ubha{ Faybuada{-ubha{ Faybuad Clcl~auad?
Clcl~auad? Ya
Yaka ka {l{lmymyl~al~a{|{|~ ~ raradg dg flflnbnbj j {b{bdgdggb gb clcclcl~al~auauad d jajaububf f ylylfafaybybuauad d c~`c~`m m ulmulmacacbdbd nl~c|~adg& cj|u|udra yaka {lmyl~a{|~ 79
nl~c|~adg& cj|u|udra yaka {lmyl~a{|~ 79 @@E&klmbcbad y|fa lhbubldub a~|u ca{`kaE&klmbcbad y|fa lhbubldub a~|u ca{`ka o|ga ulmacbd {|~|d$ Nl~nlka |d{|c ~aya{ a~|u radg macbd {bdggb acad mldamnaj o|ga ulmacbd {|~|d$ Nl~nlka |d{|c ~aya{ a~|u radg macbd {bdggb acad mldamnaj
clcl~auad kad lhbubldub a~|u ca{`ka clcl~auad kad lhbubldub a~|u ca{`ka C`duld{~aub E~@ C`duld{~aub E~@55 {bdggb clcl~auad {|~|d {bdggb clcl~auad {|~|d [lmyl~a{|~ [lmyl~a{|~
N~bgjdluu N~bgjdluu
Hac{`~ radg mlmyldga~|jb akafaj ~aya{ a~|u& c`duld{~aub kad {lmyl~a{|~$ Hac{`~ radg mlmyldga~|jb akafaj ~aya{ a~|u& c`duld{~aub kad {lmyl~a{|~$
E$
E$ YLYLFAFAYBYBUAUAD EJ^D EJ^@M@MB\B\MM
Ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m kaya{ kbcfaubhbcaubcad kafam k|a maeam rab{| ? Ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m kaya{ kbcfaubhbcaubcad kafam k|a maeam rab{| ?
Ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m klc`~a{bh Ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m klc`~a{bh
Yaka ylfaybuad bdb |m|mdra f`gam *nldka cl~oa "{l~flnbj kaj|f| kbfaybu kldgad {lmnaga Yaka ylfaybuad bdb |m|mdra f`gam *nldka cl~oa "{l~flnbj kaj|f| kbfaybu kldgad {lmnaga clm|kbad dbclf kad acjb~dra ej~`mb|m {lnaf faybuad ej~`mb|m cl~cbua~ ad{a~a 9$>< ― 9&< clm|kbad dbclf kad acjb~dra ej~`mb|m {lnaf faybuad ej~`mb|m cl~cbua~ ad{a~a 9$>< ― 9&< mbc~`d$
mbc~`d$
Ylfaybu ej~`mb|m cl~au * ja~k ej~`mb|mYlfaybu ej~`mb|m cl~au * ja~k ej~`mb|m Ylfaybu
Ylfaybuad bdb ul~bdg ad bdb ul~bdg bdk|ubdk|u{~baf ej~`m{~baf ej~`mb|m rab{| ylfaybb|m rab{| ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m ruad ej~`mb|m radg mlmadhaa{adg mlmadhaa{cadcad ubha{-ubha{ ej~`mb|m |d{|c mldkaya{cad ubha{-ubha{ ulyl~{b ? {ajad yadau& l~`ub& c`~`ub kad ubha{-ubha{ ej~`mb|m |d{|c mldkaya{cad ubha{-ubha{ ulyl~{b ? {ajad yadau& l~`ub& c`~`ub kad c`lhlu
c`lhlubld ~ldkaj$ bld ~ldkaj$ Yaka ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m cl~au& ej~`mb|m kbldkaycad yaka f`gam Yaka ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m cl~au& ej~`mb|m kbldkaycad yaka f`gam kaua~ kaua~ ulea~a
ulea~a fadgu|dg fadgu|dg {adya {adya mlfaf|b mlfaf|b ylfaybuad ylfaybuad yl~ad{a~a yl~ad{a~a $ $ Nbauadra faybuad Nbauadra faybuad bdb bdb flnbj flnbj {lnaf {lnaf ka~bka~b faybua
faybuad d ej~`mbej~`mb|m |m klc`~a{bklc`~a{bh$ h$ Nl~nlka Nl~nlka kldgad kldgad faybufaybuad ad {lmnag{lmnaga a kad kad dbclf dbclf kbmada kbmada f`gamf`gam radg nl~h|dgub ulnagab ad`ka& uljbdgga kafam
radg nl~h|dgub ulnagab ad`ka& uljbdgga kafam faybufaybuad ej~`mb|m kbg|dacad ad`ka ad ej~`mb|m kbg|dacad ad`ka rg {bkac rg {bkac fa~|{ rab{| flak *Yn "$
fa~|{ rab{| flak *Yn "$
C`my`ubub cbmba flak radg nabc ulnagab ad`ka akafaj ? C`my`ubub cbmba flak radg nabc ulnagab ad`ka akafaj ?
Flak kldgad yak|ad ad{bd`mbFlak kldgad yak|ad ad{bd`mb C`my`ubub ?
C`my`ubub ? Flak Flak * * Yn Yn " " 2> 2> ,, Ad{bm`dr
Ad{bm`dr * * Un Un " " : : ,, [
[ajad ca~a{ kad ajad ca~a{ kad clc|a{ad {bdggbclc|a{ad {bdggb
Flak kldgad yak|ad [BDFlak kldgad yak|ad [BD C`my`ubub
C`my`ubub ? ? Flak Flak *Yn *Yn " " 25 25 ,, [bd
[bd * * Ud Ud " " 7 7 ,, [
[ajad cajad c`~`ub`~`ub F`g
F`gam-fam-f`gam `gam kaukaua~ a~ radradg g ml~ml~|yac|yacad ad yakyak|ad |ad dbcdbclf lf ulyulyl~{l~{b b u{au{abdfbdfluu luu u{lu{llf& lf& kayakaya{{ fadgu|dg kbfaybu ej~`mb|m$
fadgu|dg kbfaybu ej~`mb|m$ 1$
1$ FaFa~|~|{a{ad Lfd Lflclc{~{~`f`fb{b{
Uamyab uaa{ bdb oldbu c`my`ubub fa~|{ad ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m nabc ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m Uamyab uaa{ bdb oldbu c`my`ubub fa~|{ad ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m nabc ylfaybuad ej~`mb|m klc`~a{bh
