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A SARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
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A SARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
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n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e g n e p i m e D h a i m li a y r a k a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n
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n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . ) a d a a li b ( n a k u lr e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a tr e s e b , n a p m i y n e m k u t n u k a h a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a l a k g n a p k u t n e b m a l a d a y n a l o l e g n e m , n i a l a i d e m k u t n e b m a l a d n a k h il a g n e m u a t a t e n r e t n I i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d u lr e p a p n a t s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u n i a l a i d e
m meminta iijn dar i saya
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m adasayaselamat etap mencantumkan namasaya .s il u n e p i a g a b e s . a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s g n a y i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e D a tr a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D 1 1 : l a g g n a t a d a
P Jul i2013
ii v T C A R T S B A . ) 3 1 0 2 ( . R a n it s i r h C , it u t s a
H Amir’ s Moitvaiton for Finding Sohrab in n a t s i n a h g f
A a sSeen in Hossein’i s The Ktie Runne .r Yogyakarta :Sanata y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D . y d u t s s i h
T analyzesKhaledHosseini’ snovelenitltedTheKtieRunner. The l
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n tell sabou tAmri’sl fieand hi ssrtugglei n ifnding Sohrab ,Hassan’ sson ,in . n a t s i n a h g f
A Amri i san Afghan who ilve sand ha sa good famliy and careeri n . a c ir e m
A However ,severa lyearsatfert hedeatho fhisf ather ,Baba,RahimKhan m o t ri m A s n o m m u
s ee thimi nPakistan .Hei sBaba’ sbusines spatrne randf irend . H etell sAmi rasecrett ha tHassan ,who used t o be aservanti n Amri’ shouse, i s
s ’ ri m A y ll a u t c
a h -aflbrothe.r Hassan and hi swfie are killed by the Tailban and f A n i e g a n a h p r o n a n i s e v il , n o s s i h , b a r h o
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I here are two quesiton sto be answered :(1 )How i sthe l e v o n e h t n i d e b ir c s e d r i m A f o r e t c a r a h
c The Ktie Runner? (2 )Wha tmoitvate s b a r h o S g n i d n if n i ri m
A i nAfghanistan?
s e c r u o s f o s d n i k o w t e r a e r e h T . d o h t e m y d u t s y r a r b il a s y o l p m e y d u t s s i h T e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e il p p
a p irmary source i sThe Ktie Runne rnove lby Khaled o s y r a d n o c e s e h t , e li h w n a e M . i n i e s s o
H urce are obtained from some book sand I e h t n o s e l c it r
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t psychologicalapproach,t heoryo fcharacte rand characte irzaiton,t heory y d u t s s i h T . il a w n u h t s a P n o w e i v e r d n a n o it a v it o m f
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r ver ,according to the theory o fcharacteirzaiton ,Ami ri s . n o s r e p d n i k d n a , e v a r b , g n i v o l , e l b i s n o p s e r , tr a m s a s a d e b ir c s e
d The second
r o f n o it a v it o m s ’ ri m A s i g n i d n
if ifnding Sohrab i n Afghanistan .Thereare t hree t o m c i s n ir t n i n o d e s a b e r a h c i h w s r o t c a
f ivaiton and a form o f applying
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T mso e suggesiton sfo rfuture researchers and Engilsh m e h t s t s e g g u s r e ti r w e h t , s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t r o F . s r e h c a e
t analyze symbol s
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s provide sa
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ii i v K A R T S B A . ) 3 1 0 2 ( . R a n it s i r h C , it u t s a
H Amir’ s Moitvaiton for Finding Sohrab i n n a t s i n a h g f
A a sSeen i n Hossein’i sTheKtie Runne .r Yogyakarta :Universtia s a m r a h D a t a n a S . l u d u jr e b g n a y i n i e s s o H d e l a h K n a g n a r a k l e v o n a s il a n a g n e m i n i i d u t
S The
KtieRunne .r Novelt ersebu tmencertiakan t entang kehidupan Ami rdan usahanya b a r h o S i r a c n e m m a l a
d ,purta Hassan, d iAfghanistan .Ami rmerupakan orang . a k ir e m A i d s u g a b g n a y r ir a k n a d a g r a u l e k i k il i m e m n a d l a g g n it g n a y n a t s i n a h g f A b , n u m a
N eberapatahunsetelahkemaitanayahnya ,Baba,RahimKhanmemanggi l e m k u t n u r i m
A nemuinya d iPakistan . Ia adalah rekan kejra dan t eman Baba .Ia a i s a h a r h a u b e s r i m A u h a ti r e b m e
m bahwa Hassan , yang dulunya merupakan ri m A h a m u r i d n a y a l e p g n a r o e
s ,sebenarnyaadalah saudarat ri iAm .ri Hassandan i d n a h u s a i t n a p h a u b e s i d l a g g n it , a y n a rt u p , b a r h o S n a d h u n u b i d a y n ir t s i ri m A a g r a u l e k a i s a h a r n a k a ti r e c n e m n i a l e S . n a t s i n a h g f
A ,ia memintaAmriuntuk
b a r h o S i r a c n e
m id Afghanistan dan membawanya ke suatu tempa tyang aman n a t s i n a h g f A a n e r a
k beradadalamk irsi .s
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A The Ktie Runner?(2) .Fakto rapa sajayang b a r h o S i r a c n e m m a l a d r i m A i s a v it o m e
m d iAfghanistan?
d u t s e d o t e m i a k a m e m i n i i d u t
S ipustaka .Terdapa tdua macam sumbe r l e v o n h a l a d a a m a t u r e b m u S . i n i i d u t s m a l a d n a k a n u g i d g n a
y The Ktie Runne r
a p a r e b e b i r a d h e l o r e p i d r e d n u k e s r e b m u s n a k g n a d e s , i n i e s s o H d e l a h K n a g n a r a k
buku dan aritke ld iInterne tyang berkatian dengan topik studi ,sepert iteor i t ,i s a s ir e t k a r a k n a d r e t k a r a k i r o e t ,i g o l o k i s p n a t a k e d n e
p e o irmo itvas idan itnjauan
i n i i d u t s a n e r a k i g o l o k i s p n a t a k e d n e p n a k p a r e n e m i n i i d u t S . il a w n u h t s a P g n a t n e t . a i s u n a m i s a v it o m a d a p t a s u p r e b i s e K . n a l u p m i s e k a u d k ir a n e m i n i a s il a n a i r a d l i s a
H mpulan petrama
t k a r a k n a k i s p ir k s e d n e
m eirsitk Amri .Berdasarkan t eo irkarakterAmi rmerupakan k e l p m o k n a d a m a t u h o k o
t s .Ami rdigambarkan sebaga iseseorang yang pintar , h a l a d a a u d e k n a l u p m i s e K . k i a b n a d , i n a r e b m e p , g n a y a y n e p , b a w a j g n u g g n a tr e b r i m A i s a v it o
m untuk mencar iSohrab d i Afghanistan .Terdapat itga f k ra t o yang i s a v it o m a d a p r a s a d r e
b int irnsik dan bentuk dar i itndakan Pasthunwail .Mo itvas i i s a v it o M . u l a l a s a m i d a y n ir i d n a d a b a B n a h a l a s e k s u b e n e m k u t n u h a l a d a a m a tr e p s a m n a k it k u b m e m k u t n u h a l a d a a u d e
k ku ilntiasnya . Mo itvas i terakhi r adalah i d u b s a l a b m e m k u t n
u ata skasihdankebaikanHassan. n a k ir e b m e m i n i i d u t
S beberapa saran b agi penelti iselanjutnya dan guru a s il a n a g n e m k u t n u n a k n a r a y n e m s il u n e p , a y n t u j n a l e s it il e n e p i g a B . s ir g g n I a s a h a b l o b m y
s yang muncu ldalam novel .Merekadapatj uga menganailsakonfilk yang a c n a d r i m A h e l o i p a d a h i
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A R T S B
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T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ………... x i T
S I
L OFAPPENDICES………... x iv
N O I T C U D O R T N I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 1
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A Backgroundoft heStudy………... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton……… 3 .
C Objecitveoft heStudy………... 4 .
D Benefti soft heStudy……… 4 .
E De ifniitono fTerm s………... 4
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R I I R E T P A H
C …... 6
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A Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s………... 6 .
1 ThePsychologica lApproach………... 6 .
2 Theoryo fCharacte randCharacte irzaiton…………... 7 .
ii x .
a Deifniitono fMoitvaiton………... 1 1 .
b Type so fMoitvaiton………... 1 2 .
c Theoryo fHumanMoitvaiton……… 1 4 )
1 Achievemen tMoitvaiton………... 1 4 )
2 Af ifilaitonMoitvaiton………... 17 .
B Reviewo fPasthunwal i………... 1 8 .
1 Ghayrat( persona lhonor )………. ... ... 2 0 .
2 Badal( revengeandr eturningother’ sworks ,deeds ,andf avors )… 2 0 .
3 Nanawaty( sanctuary )……….. 2 1 .
C Theoreitca lFramework……… 2 2
Y G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H
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A Objec toft heStudy………... 2 4 .
B Approachoft heStudy………... 2 5 .
C Methodoft heStudy………... 2 6
S I S Y L A N A V I R E T P A H
C ………... 2 8
.
A TheDescirpitono fAmi’r sCharacte r………... 2 8 .
1 Smar t………... 2 9 .
2 Responsible………... 3 1 .
3 Loving………... 3 3 .
4 Brave………... 3 7 .
5 Kind………... 3 9 .
B Amri’ sMo itvationf orFindingSohrabi nAfghanistan……… … 4 0 .
1 Toatonef o rBaba’ sandhi smistakesint hepas t……… 4 2 .
2 Toprovehi smascu ilntiy………... 4 7 .
ii i x U
L C N O C V R E T P A H
C SIONSANDSUGGESTIONS …… ………… 5 4 .
A Conclusion s……….. 5 4 .
B Suggesiton s………... 5 7
S E C N E R E F E
R ……… .. 6 0
S E C I D N E P P
v i x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
m u S e h T 1 x i d n e p p
A maryo fTheKtieRunne r………... 63 …
… … … … … … … … … i n i e s s o H d e l a h K f o y h p a r g o i B e h T 2 x i d n e p p
A 67
. … … … … … I I g n i d a e R c i s a B g n i h c a e T r o f n a l P n o s s e L e h T 3 x i d n e p p
A 6 9
.. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … s l a ir e t a M g n i h c a e T 4 x i d n e p p
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
e r a y e h T . s n o it c e s e v if s n i a t n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T thebackground oft hestudy , m
e l b o r
p formulaiton ,objecitveoft he study ,benefti soft hestudy ,and deifniiton b
e h T . s m r e t f
o ackgroundoft hes tudypresentst hedescirpitonoft het opicandt he p
e h T . n e s o h c s i ti y h w n o s a e
r roblem formulaiton formulatest heproblemst o be s
i
d cussed i n af ormo fquesitons .Theobjecitves oft hestudyf ocu sont heaims fo .
y d u t s e h
t The benefti so fthe study state the beneftis o fthi swork rf o readers , u
f turer esearchers ,and Engilsh t eachers .Thedeifniitonoft erm sexplain st hekey l
e v o n e h t o t d e t a l e r s m r e
t discussed.
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
y n a m e r a e r e h
T kind s o fltierary works in thi swo lrd which provide a
t n e m y o j n
e nd pleasuref orreaders .Theypo trray t her elfecitono fhumanl fieand r
e h t o h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r e h
t s .Besides ,they include many valuable points ,which e
s a e r c n i n a
c drea ers ’knowledgeandexpeirence .s s
i l e v o n
A one o fmany kind so fltierary works ,which provide smany s
ti f e n e
b forr eaders .Accordingt oHenkle( 1977 ,pp .2- ,)3 et h nove ldoe sno tonly h c ir n e n a c o s l a t u b y r o t s e h t t u o h g u o r h t s r e d a e r o t t n e m y o j n e d n a e r u s a e l p e v i g
n i d e t n e s e r p s e g a s s e m e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u y B . l e v o n e h t f o n o it a i c e r p p a ’ s r e d a e r
ri e h t e s a e r c n i n a c s r e d a e r l e v o n e h
t knowledge and value so flfie .Simlia lry , e h t n i d e y a rt r o p s r e t c a r a h c h g u o r h t e l p o e p r e h t o t u o b a n r a e l o s l a n a c s r e d a e
e s u a c e
b they areclosely related t o et h reall fi Te. hecharacter shavet houghts and g
n il e e
f s ilke human beings. They cannot only l earn and proposemany i dea sbu t o
s l
a fee lhappy ,sad ,guitly,f ear ,o rothe remoiton .sBeside ,st heycan behaveand .
e r a y ll a e r e l p o e p s a t c a
l e v o n a e s y l a n a o t s e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I enitlted The Ktie
. r e n n u
R Thi snove li sw irtten by Khaled Hosseini .I ti shi sfris tltierary work a
e m o c e b s a h h c i h
w n i nternaitonalbes tselle rnovel .I tha sbeen pub ilshed i n 38 .
s e s n o p s e r e v it i s o p y n a m d e n i a g d n a s e ir t n u o
c Inaddiiton,t hestoryoft hi snove l s
e z i s a h p m
e human i ssue swhich arecovered by many i nteresitng aspect ssuch a s ,
e v o
l famliy relaitonships ,and Afghanistan’s poilitcs ,history and cutlure. I talso s
t n i o p e l b a u l a v y n a m s e d i v o r
p o flfie ,in which they can be gained from the .
o d y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c f o l a y a rt r o p
s i e r e h t , y ll a c i s a
B a cause which underile ssomeone’ saciton .One aspec t n
o it c a e h t e c n e u lf n i n a c h c i h
w i smoitvaiton .According t o Jung, moitvaiton can o
t e n o e m o s s e s u a c h c i h w s u l u m it s a s a d e n if e d e
b behave and act on paritcula r s
n o it c
a (1978 ,p .4) .They havethei rown r easonst oac tast heydo .Beside ,s t hey e
v a
h desries toaccompilsht hei rgoals andneed .sJungalsoaddst ha tpastl earning n i e v a h e b o t e l p o e p e t a v it o m n a c y g r e n e g n i v l o v n i f o n o it a v it c a d n a s e c n e ir e p x e
. s n o it c a r a l u c it r a p o d d n a s y a w n i a tr e c
n
I The Ktie Runner ,Amri sa the main characte rexpeirence sa condiiton h
c i h
w make shim do ani mpo tran taciton.Hei san Afghan who ilvesi nAmeirca s
a h d n
a a famliy and caree r a s a wrtie r there . He decide s to go back to e
v a e l d n a n a t s i n a h g f
, a b a B , r e h t a f s i h f o h t a e d e h t r e tf a s h t n o m l a r e v e s , l e v o n e h t n
I Ami r
n a h K m i h a R t e e m o t n a t s i k a P o t s e m o
c .Rahim Khan si Baba’s closef irend and .r
e n tr a p s s e n i s u
b He ask sAmi rto go back to Afghanistan and ifnd Sohrab , n
a s s a
H ’ s son .He also ask sAmi r to b irng Sohrab to a safe place because s
i s ir c n i s i n a t s i n a h g f
A .Besides ,RahimKhantell sasecre tt hatHassan ,whoused e
s u o h s ’ ri m A n i t n a v r e s a e b o
t , i sactually Amri’ shafl-brothe.r Both Ami rand a
s s a
H n dono tknowaboutt hesecre tbecauseRahim Khan andBabanevert elli t .
m e h t o t
s a h e h e s u a c e b b a r h o S d n if o t t s e u q e r s ’ n a h K m i h a R s e s u f e r ri m A , t s ri f t A
afamliyandcareeri nAme irca .Moreover ,atfe rRussia’si nvasion ,Afghanistani s ,
e m i g e r n a b il a T y b r e v o n e k a
t whichmake sAfghanistani n cirsis .However ,atfe r d n if o t r e d r o n i n a t s i n a h g f A o t k c a b o g o t s e d i c e d r i m A , s n o it a r e d i s n o c e m o s
. w e h p e n s i h , b a r h o S
t n
I hiss tudy,t hewrtie rfocuse sonanalyzingAmri’ smoitvaitonf or ifnding b
a r h o
S i n Afghanistan .The wrtier wli lanalyse t he factor swhich d irveAmrit o k
s ir a e k a
t and go to Afghanistan i n order t o ifnd Sohrab t here. Thi sstudy will o
s l
a analyze Amri’ scharacteirzaiton. A tlast ,the wrtie rexpect sthi sstudy wli l o
t n o it u b ir t n o c l a it n a t s b u s a e v i
g reader sandl tieraturer esearch.
.
B ProblemFormula iton
T sh i studyf ocusont woproblemst obeansweredasf ollows. .
1 Howi sthecharacte ro fAmi rdescirbedint henove lTheKtieRunner? .
.
C Objecitves oft heStudy
e h
T rearet woobjecitves oft hisstudywhich ea r de irved f rom t heproblem .
n o it a l u m r o
f Thef ris tobjecitvei s to ifndoutcharacte rdescirp itons o fAmriint he l
e v o
n The KtieRunner. The second objecitve ist o revea lAmri’ smoitvaiton rfo g
n i d n
if Sohrabi nAfghanistan.I nthiss tudy ,thef ris tobjecitvehelpstoanswert he e
n o d n o c e
s .
.
D Benefti soft hes tudy
h
T i sstudy i sintended fo rgiving many benefti sto reader sand future .s
r e h c r a e s e
r Fort her eader ,st hi sstudycanencouraget hemto r ead ltieraryworks . s
i h
T study will also enrich t heriknowledgeon personailites andmoitvaiton .The i
h t s t c e p x e r e ti r
w sstudycan helpt hemr ecognize thecharacteirsitcdescirpiton o f ,
y r o t s a n i r e t c a r a h c
a moitvaiton undelrying someone doing an aciton. Fo rthe ir
w e h t ,s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u
f te rexpect stha tthi sstudy can i nsprie t hem t o analyze e
ti K e h
T Runner from many aspects ,fo rexample analyzing ht i snove lfrom
l a c i g o l o h c y s
p o r socio-histo irca l approach. Fo r Engilsh teachers , the wrtie r e
s u n a c y e h t s t c e p x
e TheKtieRunne rfort eachingEngilshi nclas .sHence, i nt hi s s e c n e r e f e r s a d e s u e b n a c h c i h w s l a ir e t a m g n i h c a e t e m o s s e d i v o r p r e ti r w e h t y d u t s
. h s il g n E g n i h c a e t n i
.
E Deifni itonoft erms
p r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n
I resent skeyt erm susedi nt hi sstudy .Thekeyterm s s
i m d i o v a o t d e s u s
.
1 Character
s m a r b
A da n Harphan (2009 ,p .42 )state tha ta characteri san i ndividua l n
i d e t n e s e r
p the ltierary works .Thei ndividua lhasparitcula rbehaviou ,r t hought , tI
. n o it o m e d n
a canbeseenbymean soft hei rword so fcommunicaitonandaciton )
2 4 . p
( . I n t hi sstudy ,thecharacterreferst ot hei ndividualin t henovelpresented t
, r u o i v a h e b r a l u c it r a p e v a h o h w , r o h t u a e h t y
b hought ,and emoiton .There are y
l n o y d u t s s i h t ,s s e l e h tr e v e N . l e v o n e h t n i d e t n e s e r p s r e t c a r a h c e m o
s focuse sona
d e m a n , l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h
c Ami .r
.
2 Mo itva iton
, 1 8 9 1 ( ir t e P o t g n i d r o c c
A .p 3) ,“moitvaitoni st heconcep tweusewhenwe t c e ri d d n a e t a it i n i o t m s i n a g r o n a n i h ti w r o n o g n it c a s e c r o f e h t e b ir c s e d
r u o i v a h e
b ” . In the othe rwords ,moitvaiton i s t he reason underlying someone t o n
a g n i o d t r a t
s aciton .Moitvaitoni nthi sstudyr eferst o t her easonwhy Ami r ifnd s ,
n o s s ’ n a s s a H , b a r h o
6 I I R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R
f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T threepatrs .They ea er t h reviewofr elatedt heo ires ,
, il a w n u h t s a P n o w e i v e
r and the theoreitca lframework .The review o frelated
e h t r e w s n a o t d e s u s e ir o e h t e m o s s n i a l p x e s e ir o e h
t problemquesitonsf ormulated
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n
i .Ther eviewonPasthunwal iexplain sab irefr eviewon
e h
t cutlura lbackground o fPasthuns .The theoreitca lframework explain sthe
s ti d n a s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t g n ir e w s n a n i s e ir o e h t e h t f o n o it u b ir t n o c
l p p
a icaitoni nt hiss tudy .
.
A Reviewo frelatedt heories
e r a e r e h
T some theo ire sneeded in analyzing thi sstudy .In thi spa tr ,the
n i s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r f o w e i v e r e h t t n e s e r p o t e k il d l u o w r e ti r
w threesecitons .They
f o y r o e h t e h t e r
a psychologicalapproach ,theoryo fcharacte randcharacte irzaiton ,
d n
a theoryo fmoitvaiton.
.
1 ThePsychologica lApproach
n ir e u G o t g n i d r o c c
A , Labor , Wlison , Morgan , Reesman , Smtih ,
e t a L d n a , n a m g n il li
W (2011 ,p .201) ,psychologica lapproachi s“anexcellentt oo l
h t h t a e n e b g n i d a e r r o
f e ilnes ,the interpreitve cra tfsperson mus to tfen use othe r
e v l e s m e h t s e n il e h t f o g n ir e d n e r r e p o r p a r o f s l o o
t s ”. I t mean s that the
h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s
s e ir e t s y m c il o b m y
s in the ltierary works. rFu thermore, Rohrberge rand Wood s
, 1 7 9 1
( p 3 ) . explain tha tpsychologica lapproach deal swtih t hei nterpretaiton o f
k r o w y r a r e ti
l s by relfecitng human lfie a shuman psychology such as human
s e it il a n o s r e
p ,moitvaiton andbehaviour .Thi skind o fapproach i sused t oexplore
e h
t characte rdescirpiton o fa paritcula rcharacter presented in t he ltierary work
n
a d analyze the character’s mo itvaiton f or doing a paritcula raciton .Therefore ,
thi s study use s psychologica lapproach to analyze Amri’ s characte rand hi s
it o
m vaitonfo r ifndingSohrabi nAfghanistan.
.
2 Theoryo fcharacterandcharacteriza iton
c
A haracter sh a an impo tran trole in a nove lo rstory apar tfrom plot ,
g n it t e s d n a , t c il f n o
c . tI also d irve sand conrtol show the story goes .Moreover ,
h g u o r h
t thecharacte rreadersareablet o ng ai bette runderstandingaboutt hes tory,
e u l a
v ofl fiea ndthemepresented int henovel .Therefore , tii si mpo trantt oknow
r e t c a r a h c e h
t whichappears int henove landhow ti i scharacteirzed.
tr e p x e y n a
M s have develope d thei ridea so fthe character .Abram sand
n a h p r a
H (2009 )descirbet hecharacte ra sthepersonporrtayedinanarraitvework ,
l e v o n a s a h c u
s . Fu trhermore ,theauthorof t henovel porrtayst hecharacte rwtih
l a r o
m ,intellectual ,and emoitona l quailite swhich can be found through the
e u g o l a i
d s and acitons (p.42) .Besides ,Kennedy and Gioiastatet ha tt hecharacte r
i g a m i n a s
i ned person who exist sin the ltierary work .The characte ralso ha s
ti l a n o s r e
p ie sandactsi nmanne rwhichi s ilkehumanbeing .Someitmest heautho r
t c e ri d h c i h w , n o it a v it o m h ti w r e t c a r a h c e h t s e d i v o r
.) 0 6 . p , 9 9 9 1 ( y a w n i a tr e
c Anothe rdeifniiton o fthe characte ri spresented by
s e n if e d e H . ) 7 1 . p , 5 6 9 1 ( n o s n a t
S t hecharacteri nt woways .Frist ,thecharacteri s
d i v i d n i e h
t ua lrevealed in the story .I trefer sto the numbe ro fthe characters
e h t n i d e t n e s e r
p story .Second ,thecharacter i st he mixture of i nterests ,desries ,
s e it il a u q l a r o m d n a , s n o it o m
e , inwhichtheyf ormt hecharacte ra sani ndividua.l
( e l k n e H o t g n i d r o c c
A 1977) ,t he characte rcan be divided into t wo patrs ;
t n a c if i n g i s t s o m e h t s i r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h T . r e t c a r a h c y r a d n o c e s d n a r o j a m
. l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h
c I t can be analysed b y the complex tiy o f the
n e v i g n o it n e tt a e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c to cetrain ifgures ,and thepersonal i ntenstiy
. ) 7 8 . p ( ti m s n a rt o t s m e e s r e t c a r a h c t a h
t On t heconrtary, t hesecondary characte r
r e w o ll a h s n i d e b ir c s e d d n a x e l p m o c s s e l s i t I . s n o it c n u f d e ti m il e r o m s m r o f r e p
s t c a s e m it e m o s r o l e v o n e h t n i e c n e r e f e r f o t n i o p a s e m o c e b t I . f e il e
r asf oli sf or
. r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t
g n i k a m n
I the classiifcaiton o fcharacter ,Forster deifne sthe characte rin
t ; s y a w o w
t hose are lfa tand round character .The fla tcharacter i ssimple .I ti s
n i d e t n e s e r
p les sclea rcharacteirsitc rtatis T . hecharacteirzaiton o f lfa tcharacter
. y r o t s a n i g n o l a l l a c it a t s e b o t s d n e t o s l
a Therefore ,thereader scanr ecognizethe
r e t c a r a h c t a
lf inthestory easliy .O ntheconrtary ,theroundcharacteri sdesc irbed
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c y n a m s a h d n a s li a t e d h t p e d r e t a e r g n
i da tn ends t o be complex i n
n o it a v it o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e
t .Someitme si s ti also represented i n obviou sdetalis .
t , n o it i d d a n
I he round characte ri sthe same a sa person in a rea llfie. The
s ’ r e t c a r a h
l u c if fi
d ite sto recognize the characte r(Forster ni Kennedy and iGoia ,1999 and
n a h p r a H d n a s m a r b
A ,2009 .)
o t g n i d r o c c
A Murphy(1972 ,pp .1 -61 173), t hereareninewayst odescirbe
c a r a h c e h
t teirzaiton o facharacter in a novel .Thoseway shelp the readers g ain
f o s y a w e n i n e h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e
b characteirzaitonarea s
s w o ll o
f .
.
a Persona lDescrip iton
r o h t u a e h
T descirbe s the detalis o f the character through persona l
s e c n a r a e p p
a and clothe sdrieclty .By descirbing t he character’ sappearance sand
e l y t
s ,r eader scangaininformaitononthephysica ldescirpitonoft hecharacter,f o r
r o s i h , e l p m a x
e he rbu lid ,colours kin,h ai ,rface ,orclothe .s
.
b Characterass eenbyOther
h g u o r h t g n i b ir c s e d s e d i s e
B the persona l descirpiton , the autho r can
descirbethecharacte rthroughtheeye so fanother. Int hi scase,t heautho rconvey s
r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e g a m i d e t c e lf e r
a by using othe rcharacters’ opinionand poin to f
w e i
v .Therefore, et h reader sg ainthei mageonhowt hecharacterl ook silke.
.
c Speech
h t o n
A e rwayi n descirbing thecharacteri st hroughhi so rhe rspeech .The
s t n e s e r p r o h t u
a et h characteirzaiton oft hecharacte rby giving clue st o what t he
r e t c a r a h
c says wheneve rthe characte rspeak so rpropose shi so rhe ridea sin a
h ti w n o it a s r e v n o
c others. Some expression s used by the characte r in the
p l e h n a c n o it a s r e v n o
.
d Pas tLfie
eT h autho r someitme s let s the reader s learn the characte r more by
. e fi l t s a p s ’r e t c a r a h c e h t g n it n e s e r
p Some events in the character’ spas tlfie
n i , r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s e it il a n o s r e p e h t w o n k o t s r e d a e r e h t r o f s e u l c e h t e m o c e b
e s o h t h c i h
w canbeseenthrought hedriec tcommentsf romt heauthor ,character’ s
t h g u o h
t ,character’sconversaiton ,o rothe rcharacter .s
.
e Conversa iton Oby thers
t , y ll a n o it i d d
A heautho ro tfen give ssome clue so fthe characte irzaiton o f
s r e d a e r e h t o t r e t c a r a h c e h
t through othe rcharacters ’conversaitons andt het hing s
e h t t u o b a y a s y e h
t characte.r tIi scommon t ha tpeopledo t alk abou tsomeoneo r
r e h t
o people . Therefore, thei r conversaitons can become t he clue s to gain
. r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a n o it a m r o f n i
.f Reacitons
r e h tr u
F more , the autho r can also give the clues to the character’ s
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c ni vairou sstiuaiton so reventsi nwhich thecharacterf acesi n hi s
r
o herl fie .Throughcetrain r eaciton soft hecharacte rshowed,t heauthorl ets the
e t c a r a h c e h t r e h t e h w e n i m r e t e d s r e d a e
r ri saprotagonis to rantagonis.t
.
g Direc tcomment
t , n o it i d d a n
I heautho rcan also usethenarraiton t o desc irbet hecharacter .
e h
T autho rgive scomment sdriecltyt othecharacte ronwha tasor to fa persont he
.s i r e t c a r a h
c I ti sactually the easies tway to grab the informaiton on how the
r a h
c acte ri sdescirbed in the novel ,especially when the autho ruse sthe thrid
f o t n i o p n o s r e
.
h Thoughts s e d i s e
B ,the autho rgive sthe clue so fthe character’ sdesc irpiton to the
s r e d a e
r through what t hecharactert hink sabout. In t hi scase, t heautho rc an tel l
s r e d a e
r abou twha tothe rpeople think o rwha tthey have learn in thei rlfie ,in
y b e n o d e b t o n n a c t i h c i h
w thereadersi n thereall fie .Fromt ha tknowledge ,the
s r e d a e
r g ainap irvliegedposiiton.
.i Mannerism
y ll a n n i
F ,theauthorcanalsopresentt heclue so fthecharacter’ sdescirpiton
r o , s ti b a h , m s ir e n n a m h g u o r h
t unusua lbehaviou rof t he character. Fo rexample ,
l a e v e r d n a s e li m s s y a w l a A r e t c a r a h
c sase toft eeth .Even t hough t hecharacter si
n
i adangerouss tiuaiton ,heors hecanstli lsmlie .
.
3 Theoryo fMo itva iton
v it o m s ’ ri m A s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I aitonfo r ifndingSohrab i n
n a t s i n a h g f
A ,inwhicht het opicoft hi sstudyisr elatedt othepsychologystudy. In
o t r e d r
o gaintheanswe ro fhi smo itvaiton,t heunderstandingo fmoitvaitons hould
e
b broadened.I nt hi spar,tt hewrtie rpresent sthedeifniitono fmoitvaiton,t ype so f
. n o it a v it o m n a m u h f o y r o e h t d n a , n o it a v it o m
.
a Deifni itono fMo itva iton
d e n i a l p x e d n a d e n if e d e v a h s t s i g o l o h c y s p y n a
M the meaning o f
. n o it a v it o
m According t o Petir( 1981 , )3 ,“mo itvaitoni st heconcep tweusewhen
f e h t e b ir c s e d e
. ” r u o i v a h e
b Besides ,Jung (1978 )adds t hat moitvaiton refer sto the terms fo
e s r e v i
d condiitons ilke s desries , wishes , plans , goals , intents , impulses ,and
s e s o p r u
p .Thecondiitonsi mplyinten itonallyands pontaneouslyprocessi nvolving
n o s a e
r s .Addiitonally ,hestatest ha temoiton ssomeitme sarei nvolved a smo itves
– the cause so rreasons unde lrying such behaviou r– in generaitng response sor
d e t a v it o
m behaviour ,which a reassumed t o begoal- edri cted behaviou .r Besides ,
y g r e n e g n i v l o v n i f o n o it a v it c a d n a s e c n e ir e p x e g n i n r a e l t s a p t a h t s n i a l p x e e
h can
n o it c a r a l u c it r a p a t c a o t l a u d i v i d n i n a e t a v it o
m ( p. 4- .)p 5
y a r r u M . n o it a v it o m s ’ e n o e m o s e c n e u lf n i h c i h w s r o t c a f e m o s e r a e r e h T
t a h t s n i a l p x e ) 4 6 9 1
( thereare t hree factorsi n lfuencing moitvaiton .They are the
n o s r e p e h t f o e c n e ir e p x e t s a
p , hi s physica l abiilite s and the envrionmenta l
n o it a u ti
s (p . 7 .) Besides , Hun t a s ctied i n Pert i (1981 , p. 315) adds tha t
y ti u r g n o c n i n a r e v e n e h w s t s i x e n o it a v it o m
“ occur sbetween pas texpeirence sand
w e
n informaiton”.
.
b Type so fMo itva iton
o t s i n o it a v it o m f o t p e c n o c e h
T explainwhyapersonactsi nacetrainway.
l a o g e h
T oft heexplanaitoni stoidentfiy thef actor sunde lryingt heaciton .Many
s tr e p x
e devided moitvaitoni nto somet ypes .According t oHuffman ,Vernoy ,and
0 0 0 2 ( y o n r e
V ) ,moitvaiton can be divided i nto t wo t ypes .They arei nt irnsicand
. n o it a v it o m c i s n ir t x e
i e h
T ntirnsic moitvaiton i sa type o fmoitvaiton which come sfrom the
l a n r e t n
s ir a n o it c a f s it a s e h t m o r f d e v ir e d s i n o it a v it o m ; e k a s n w
o ing ou toft hebehaviou r
fl e s
ti ” (Huffman ,Vernoy&Vernoy ,2000 ,p .401 .)Therefore ,whenpeopledot he
f o e s u a c e b n o it c
a theri wliilngness ,the knowledgeand saitsfaciton they wli lget
r
aet he reward sfort heaciton t hey do .Thepeople who do t heaciton becauseo f
p e e k l li w n o it a v it o m c i s n ir t n
i doingt hei rworkwtihou tbeingaffectedbyexterna l
.s n o it i d n o c
i c e
D a sctiedi nWorche land eSh bliske( 1989 ,p .408 )statestha tthereare
o w
t basi so fthe intirnsic mo itvaiton .Frist ,the people w ant to see tha tthey are
b r i e h t l o rt n o c o t e l b
a ehaviour .Second ,thepeoplehaveaneedt os eetha ttheyare
.t n e t e p m o c d n a e l b a p a
c Fu trhermore ,headdstha ttheint irnsicmoitvaitond riects
r u o i v a h e b r a l u c it r a
p which arouses peoplet of ee lcompeten tandbeablet omake
s e v l e s ri e h t r o f s n o i s i c e
d .
m o r f tr a p
A theint irnsicmo itvaiton , theextirnsicmoitvaitonhappen swhen
o d e l p o e
p et h acitono rperformancebecauseo fexternalr eward sortheavoidance
. t n e m h s i n u p f
o According t o Worche landSheb liske( 1989 ,p .409 ,) thi saciton i s
e h t n o d e s a
b desrie fo rpay ,status ,grades ,promo iton ,o rany simlia rtype so f
. s d r a w e
r Generally ,people who are extirnsically moitvated i n doing t hei raciton
d r a w e r c i s n ir t x e e h t n e h w k r o w r i e h t p o t s l li
w s do no texis tanymore .Fo r
d u t s t n e d u t s a , e l p m a x
e i es harde rin a paritcula rlesson in orde rto pas sthe
o t d n a n o it a n i m a x
e achieveagoodmark. A tfe rthat ,whent heexaminaitoni sove r
t n e d u t s e h t d n
a ifnally achievesagoodmark ,heo rshewli lstop hi so rhe rstudy
, e r o m r e h tr u
F Worche l and Shebliske (1989 , p . 410) explain tha t the
l a n r e t x
e reward scan havet wo dfiferen tfuncitons .The frist i s et h reward as t he
r u o i v a h e b n a m u h l o rt n o c d n a e p a h s l li w d r a w e r f o d n i k s i h T . n o it c n u f g n il l o rt n o c
. d r a w e r e h t n i a t b o o t r e d r o n i s n o it c a n i a tr e c t c e ri d o
t wI t li lalso have negaitve
n o t c e f f
e theext irnsicmo itvaiton. The second i st hereward ast hei nformaitona l
n o it c n u
f .Thisr ewardfunciton sa sani ndicato rf orhowwellt heacitoni sdoneand
n o it a m r o f n i s e v i
g o fpeople’ scompetence .
.
c Theoryo fHumanMo itva iton
5 8 9 1 ( d n a ll e l C c
M ,p .45) states t ha tthere aret hreekind so fneed, which
y b d e c n e u lf n i e r
a thecutlura lbackground andl fieexpeirences .They aretheneed
r o t n e m e v e i h c a r o
f achievemen t moitvaiton , the need fo r powe r o r powe r
, n o it a v it o
m the need fo rafifilaiton o rafifilaiton moitvaiton .However ,in thi s
y d u t
s thewrtie ronlyexplainst heachievemen tand affliiaiton moitvaitonbecause
e s o h
t twomoitvaiton sa reapprop iratet ot hi sstudy.
)
1 Achievemen tMo itva iton
o t d e e n l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t “ s i n o it a v it o m t n e m e v e i h c a t a h t s e t a t s y e h a L
r e h t o d n a k r o w , l o o h c s n i d e e c c u
s area sofl fie”( 2009 .)I ns omecase ,sheexplain s
r f t n e r e f fi d s i ” s s e c c u s “ f o n o it i n if e d e h t t a h
t omonet o others .Peoplemighthave
d n a t s r e d n u o t , s u h T . s s e c c u s f o n o i s r e v r i e h t e v e i h c a o t n o it a v it o m t n e r e f fi d
o e
p ple’ sachievemen tmoitvaitoni tneeds to understandt het hing t hey wantt odo
d n
d e ti c s a y a r r u
M i n Huffman , Vernoy , and Vernoy (2000) explains
“ s i n o it a v it o m t n e m e v e i h c
a theneed f o rsucces ,sf o rdoingbettert han others ,and
g n i g n e ll a h c g n ir e t s a m r o
f tasks”.Then ,a sctiedinBeck( 1978) ,Murrays tatest ha t
e s i c r e x e o t , e l c a t s b o e m o c r e v o o t y c n e d n e t r o e ri s e d a “ s i n o it a v it o m t n e m e v e i h c a
s a y l k c i u q s a d n a l l e w s a t l u c if fi d g n i h t e m o s o d o t e v ir t s o t , r e w o
p possible” .
, e li h w n a e
M Murray a sctied i n McClelland (1985 )deifne s tha tachievemen t
s l a e d n o it a v it o
m wtiht her eason sundelryingsomeonedoingsomething betterf o r
t n e m e v e i h c a s e n if e d e H . n o it c a f s it a s c i s n ir t n
i moitvaitonasf ollow .s
e z i n a g r o r o , e t a l u p i n a m , r e t s a m o T . tl u c if fi d g n i h t e m o s h s il p m o c c a o T “
s i h t o d o T . s a e d i r o , s g n i e b n a m u h , s t c e j b o l a c i s y h
p a srapidly and a s
h g i h a n i a tt a d n a e l c a t s b o e m o c r e v o o T . e l b i s s o p s a y lt n e d n e p e d n i
fl e s e s a e r c n i o T . s r e h t o s s a p r u s d n a l a v ir o T . fl e s e n o l e c x e o T . d r a d n a t
s
-” .) 6 4 . p ( t n e l a t f o e s i c r e x e l u f s s e c c u s e h t y b d r a g e r
v it o m t n e m e v e i h c a f o s n o it i n if e d e m o s m o r
F ation above , i t can be
p u d e m m u
s tha ttheachievementmoitvaiton i st heneed o rdesriewhich actuate s
e l p o e
p to st irve to do something bette,r overcome obstacles , and maste r
t a h t o s s k s a t tl u c if fi d r o g n i g n e ll a h
c they can exerciset hei rabiilitesand achieve
l a o g , s s e c c u s n w o r i e h
t s ,ors tandards.
e m o s e r a e r e h
T characteirsitc s o f people who have the need f or
. t n e m e v e i h c
a McClellanda sctied in Worche landShelb liske( 1989 )explainstha t
h ti w e l p o e
p theneedf orachievemen twli lsethighstandardsandstirvetoachieve
m e h
t .Theywli lseek ou tchallengingt asks and do t hei rbestt o achievet hei rgoa l
n i d e t s e r e t n i t o n e r a y e h t h g u o h t n e v
e . Hufman ,Vernoy ,and Vernoy (2000 )add
t n e m e v e i h c a t a h
t -moitvated people wli lbe responsible for t he tasks and t end to
s r e
.l l e w k s a t e h t h s i n
if Meanwhlie, Weine r(1980 )states the responsibiilites fo
c
a hievement-mo itvatedpeoplecomefromt heris elves-beile fo nthei rownabiilites
e p o h d n
a s ni accompilshingt hei rgoal . ss A t heresul to fhavingt hei rselves-beile f
e p o h d n
a s,t herif eeilngo fwo trhwilli ncrease( pp.189-190 .)
a e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n
I chievemen tmoitvaiton ,Worche landShebliske
n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c y li m a f t a h t e t a t s ) 7 0 4 . p , 9 8 9 1
( d lfiestyles give amoun t o f
e v a h o h w e l p o e p o t e c n e u lf n
i theneed forachievement .Thesrtength sand goal s
d e t s e r e r a t e s y e h
t o n thei rparents .Moreover ,McClelland a sctied in Sitpek
t a h t s m i a l c ) 3 9 9 1
( “achievemen tmoitvaiton i san unconsciou s rtatit hatdevelop s
v e i h c a n i n e r d li h c d r a w o t r u o i v a h e b ’ s t n e r a p f o e c n e u q e s n o c a s a e fi l y lr a
e emen t
. ” s n o it a u ti
s nI the othe rword ,s the expeirence sin the ealry lfie o rchlidhood
e g a r u o c n
e thepeoplewtih t heneedf o rachievemen ttor espondi ncetrainways ni
i h c
a evemen tstiuaitons . sA the resul,t et h parents’ behaviou rbecomes et h role
. n o it a v it o m t n e m e v e i h c a s ’ n e r d li h c g n it c u rt s n o c n i l e d o m
t a h t d e z ir a m m u s e b n a c t i , e v o b a n o it a n a l p x e e h t m o r
F the achievemen t
n o it a v it o
m i st he need to do and maste rchallenging task sin orde rto reach the
s l a o
g o rstandards .The achievemen tmoitvaiton can be evaluated by i dentfiying
e h
t characteirsitc sand standards o fachievement-moitvated people .Besides ,the
m a f d n a s t n e r a
p liycharacte irsitcst akepatri n t hedevelopmen to fpeoplewtiht he
r o f d e e
n achievement , especially i f theri parent s have buli t the need f or
n i t n e m e v e i h c
)
2 Af ifila itonMo itva iton
g n i e b n a m u h s
A s p , eople tend to stay wtih other .s A sstated by Jung
n a m u h f o e r u t a n e h t n i t n e r e h n i s i t i , ) 9 8 9 1
( need stha tpeople canno tsurvive
o t s r e h t o d e e n y e h T . s r e h t o f o e c n a t s i s s a e h t t u o h ti
w share and suppor tthei r
I . g n i v
il nt heothe rword ,st het endencyt oaf ifilateexistsinhuman ilve .s
, s d e e n s ’ y a r r u M f o t s il e v it a rt s u ll i e h t m o r
F McClelland give s the
f o n o it i n if e
d afifilaitonmo itvaiton ,asf ollows.
p i c e r r o e t a r e p o o c y l b a y o j n e d n a r a e n w a r d o T
“ rocatewtihanaliled othe r
n a
( othe rwho resemble sthe subjec to rwho ilke sthe subjec)t .To please i
a m e r d n a e r e h d a o T . t c e j b o d e h c e h t a c a f o n o it c e f f a n i w d n
a n l oyalt o a
.) 6 4 ( ” d n e ir f
n o it i n if e d e h
T showst ha ttheafifilaiton moitvaiton i sthedesrie tohavepersona l
p i h s n o it a l e
r s andbewtih others .Besides ,Beck( 1978 ,p .356 )addst ha tthereare
n o s a e r y n a
m s undelrying the need fo r afifilaiton existed in human ilves .
e r o f e r e h
T ,those obvious reasons do no tmerely involve the reason o f ilking o r
g n i v o
l others . The need fo raf ifilaiton cover sal lkind o frelaitonship ssuch a s
. p i h s r e n tr a p r o p i h s d n e ir f
) 9 8 9 1 ( e k s li b e h S d n a l e h c r o
W explain t hatlearning andealry expeirence s
t c e f f
a people wtih the need fo rafifilaiton .The more people fee ltheessence o f
r i e h t p o l e v e d y e h t e r o m e h t , d o o h d li h c r i e h t n i s s e n e l b a tr o f m o c d n a y h tr o w t s u rt
, t s a rt n o c n I . s e v il r i e h t n i p i h s n o it a l e r l a n o s r e p r e t n
i thei rexpeirence o fdisrtus t
p i h s n o it a l e r l a n o s r e p r e t n i s ’ e l p o e p o t t c e f f a l li w y t e i x n a d n
a s. On t heothe rhand ,
t a h t s w o h s n o it a n a l p x e e h
t socia lcomfor tandi nteracitonhavethei n lfuenceof the
f o t n e m p o l e v e
In orde rto reduce thei ranxiety o rfear ,the people wtih the need fo r
n o it a il if f
a wills eekou tother swhot heyt hinkcanhelpt hemcovert hoseparitcula r
T . s g n il e e
f hey wli lnaturallyavoid otherswho can i ncreaset hef eeilngs .Besides ,
y e h
t tendt oi nterac tmorewtih other ,sf ormthemorestablef irendship ,andknow
. s d n e ir f ri e h t t u o b a e r o
m Therefore , thepersona lrtati salsoaffectt hedevelopmen t
n o it a il if f a r o f d e e n e h t f
o (pp .399-400).
e c n e s e r p e h
T o fother sfo rthe people wtih t he need fo raf ifilaiton may
d o o g r o d a b e v a
h side .Epleya sctiedi nBeck( 1978 ,p.35 6)explainst ha tthereare
s y a w e e r h
t , in which t he presence o fother smay reduce t hedevelopmen tof t he
n o it a il if f a r o f d e e
n ,asf ollows.
“Frist,t heothe rpersonmays ervea sa‘ calm ’modelf ort heanxiou sperson . t c e j b u s e h t t c a rt s i d o t g n i h t e m o s o d y a m n o i n a p m o c e h t d n o c e S . e t a ti m i o t
n e v e , g n i c u d e r r a e f e b t h g i m r e h t o n a f o e c n e s e r p l a c i s y h p e r e m e h t , d ri h T
. ” g n i h t o n s e o d n o s r e p r e h t o e h t h g u o h t
e c u d e r n a c s r e h t o f o e c n e s e r p e h t n e h w , r e v e w o
H the fea rand anxiety o fthe
e l p o e
p wtih t heneed fo raf ifilaiton, i tgive sgood sidet o thedevelopmen to fthe
h ti w e l p o e
p theneedf o raf ifilaiton.
, m u s n
I theafifilaitonmoitvaiton i e sd ifned ast hedesriet oassociatewtih
y b d e t c e f f a s i tI . s r e h t o d n u o r a e b d n
a thepersona l rtatis and l earning and ea lry
f d e e n e h t h ti w e l p o e p s p l e h s r e h t o f o e c n e s e r p e h T . s e c n e ir e p x
e o rafifilaiton
. y t e i x n a d n a , r a e f ,t s u rt s i d f o g n il e e f ri e h t e c u d e r
.
B ReviewonPasthunwa il
y d u t s s i h
T aim sto revea lt he moitvaiton o r reason which underiles and
e t a v it c
n o it a v it o
m s can be in lfuenced by the cu tlura l background and pas t lfie
e h t n o w e i v e r f e ir b a t a h t s e v e il e b r e ti r w e h t , s u h T . s e c n e ir e p x
e cu tlure setitng
i h t n i t u p e b d l u o h
s spatr.
s ’i n i e s s o
H TheKtie Runne ri sanovel t ha treveals Amri’ smoitvaiton fo r
g n i d n
if Sohrab i n Afghanistan , in which thi s nove l moslty take s place .
. s c i n h t e d n a s e b ir t y n a m r o f e m o h a s i n a t s i n a h g f
A Int henovel ,Ami rbelongst o
A . n u h t s a
P ccording t o Library o fCongress-Federa lResearch Division (2004 ,p .
) 4
1 ,Pasthun saret he majortiy ethnici n Afghanistan wtih approximately 44% o f
. n o it a l u p o p s ’ y rt n u o c e h
t They areShun iMusilms, i n which t hei rcu tlure value s
f e il e b r i e h t e c n e u lf n
i and behaviour .In the othe rword ,s thei r“disitncitve tirba l
s n u h t s a P f o t r a p l a r g e t n i n a m r o f s n o it i d a rt d n a s m o t s u
c society.” Rome(2006 )
s d d
a thatt hei r ilve sandbehaviour raer egulatedandgovernedbycustoms ,norms ,
il a w n u h t s a P r o o h t s a P d e ll a c s e l u r d n a , s e d o
c (p .2).
i l a w n u h t s a
P meanst hewayo fPasthun .sI tist hecodeo fethnicr e lfecitng
u h t s a
P n ’s cutlura lvalue ,si nwhichal lo fPasthuns ,meno rwomenandchlidreno r
tl u d
a s, mus tbeileveandobey .Accordingt oKakar( 2003) ,Pasthunwaili si ntegra l
s n u h t s a P o
t ’ eid nttiy . tIi shonor-baseds ocietyconcept .ByadheirngPastunwaili n
r i e h
t ilves ,the Pasthun sposses shonor .Wtihou thonor ,the Pasthun sare no t
.s n u h t s a P l a e r e h t s a d e r e d i s n o
c Barifeld( 2003 )addst hatPasthunwail si
s r e p s e s s e rt s t a h t t c u d n o c f o e d o c a
“ ona l autonomy and equaltiy o f
f o m e t s y s a n a h t e r o m s i t i s u h T . s l a u q e f o d lr o w a n i s t h g ir l a c it il o p
s e s s e rt s t a h t e fi l f o y a w a s i t i , s w a l y r a m o t s u
c honor above al lelse ,
” .) 5 . p ( y tr e v o p r o y e n o m f o n o it i s i u q c a e h t g n i d u l c n i
il a w n u h t s a
P si na ora lcodeconsisted o fsomenumberst o bepracitced by
. s n u h t s a P l l
n
i thi sstudy .Thosecode sareGhayrat(persona lhonor) ,Badal(returning other’ s
d n a , ) s r o v a f ,s d e e d , s k r o
w Nanawaty(sanctuary .) Theexplanaiton oft hosecode s
s
i asf o llow .s
.
1 Ghayrat(persona lhonor)
G yha rat in Pasthunwal imean spersona lhonor o rsefl-respect .Barifeld
s y a s ) 3 0 0 2
( tha tthePasthun smaintainand preservethei rhonorpainstakingly by
o e v it i s o p r e h ti e g n i v a h e
b rnegaitve act sa tal lcosts .The posiitve act sare fo r
e l p m a x
e physica lcourage ,generostiy ,outstanding pubilc speaking ,succes sin
, e li h w n a e M . n o it a t u p e r a o t d d a s e t u p s i d g n i n n i w r o , s e c n a il l a l a c it il o p g n i d li u b
g n i d n e f e d y b e r a s t c a e v it a g e n e h
t theri honor agains tinsul tand/o rattack ,in
tr a p e k a t o t n e m o w r o f l a u s u n u s i ti h c i h
w (p .8). Stirckland ( 2007 )addst ha tthe
, d o o h d li h c n i d e s s e rt s s a “ , n a m a s a e u l a
v i sdeifned by brave and valorou s
d l e if e lt t a b n i t c u d n o
c ” (p .48). Therefore ,showing ifghting skli lin batlte is
r o n o
h ableacitonf o rPasthuns
.
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t a h t s e t a t s n o s t e b b I l i z n e
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t s ri f e h T . ) 3 . p , 6 0 0
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b u s n e v e r o y li m a f s i h f o s r e b m e
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t I .s t s o c d n a s e c n e u q e s n o
c cause sbloodshed which migh tconitnuef o ryear ,s l os s
s e v il f
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d e e d , s k r o
w s ,and favors ,bada lha simpo tran tvalue sin regulaitng the ilve sand
, e l p o e p g n o m a y ti n u d n a n o it a r e p o o c n o s t c a p m i tI . e l p o e p e h t f o s k r o
w development ,
. n o o s d n a , y s a e e fi l l a n u m m o c e h t g n i k a m , e c n a t s i s s a d n a n o it u b ir t n o
c
.
3 Nanawaty(sanctuary)
t s a l e h
T code desc irbed in thi spar ti snanawaty .According to Barifeld
, ) 3 0 0 2
