PROBLEMS FOUND IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH TERMS USED IN MEDICAL FIELD
Job Training Report
Submitted to fulfil one of the course requirements
YOLANDA ERLINA PAREDE 63709012
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
There are efforts has been taken in writing this job training report. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of English Department, C.V Global Linguist, a company where the writer conducted her job training, and many individuals. The writer takes this opportunity to extend her sincere thanks to all of them.
The writer, therefore, would like to express her profound gratitude, first and foremost, to Jesus Christ for always making another ways when there seems to be no way and always be The One when the writer had no one to share.
The writer wishes to thank Hanelly Parede-Tamahiwu, her mother and
Yoanita Stephanie Parede, her sister for giving the writer support both financially and morally to finish this job training. The writer will always feel blessed having them in this life.
It has been an honor for the writer to undergo her job training at C.V Global Linguist. Thus, the writer is indebted to Mrs. Diba Artsiyanti, E.P, S.S., M.Si and Mr. Savitra Wibawa, S.Si for kindly accepting the writer to undergo her job training at C.V Global Linguist and guide the writer during the job training.
Advice and suggestion given by Mr. Tatan Tawami, M. Hum, the writer’
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regards is addressed to Mr. Tatan Tawami, M.Hum. It is a great pleasure for the writer to have an advisor like him.
The writer would also like offer her deepest gratitude to Ardy Sandry Singgalen for lending his notebook during the writer’s job training activity and report writing, constantly encouraging the writer to keep doing the best for this job training report, always trying to be there whenever he is needed. Last but not least, the writer owes her special thanks to brothers and sisters. Meslina Aritonang, Sitiuran Simanungkalit, Rosidayani Sipayung, Rinaldo Singgalen, Kriston Yehezkiel Situmorang are only a few of brothers and sisters supporting the writer in finishing this job training report. The writer is particularly grateful having them as families.
viii CONTENTS
Abstrack iv
Abstrak v
Ackowledgement vi
Contents viii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1Background to the Topic 1
1.2Scope 2
1.3Objectives 2
1.4Significant to Knowledge 2
1.5The Framework of the Theory 3
1.6Research Method 3
1.7Place and Time 4
CHAPTER II : THE GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF C.V. GLOBAL LINGUIST
2.1 Description of C.V Global Linguist 5
2.2 The Work of C.V Global Linguist 5
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2.3.1 Job Position 6
2.3.2 Coordination 6
2.3.3 Responsibilities 6
CHAPTER III : THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC
3.1 Translating English Terms Used in Medical Field 7
3.2 Problems and Solution
3.2.1 Problems 8
3.2.2 Analysis and Solution 9
CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4.1 Conclusions 14
4.2 Suggestions 14
REFERENCES 15
APPENDICES 16
REFERENCES
Larson, Mildred L., 1984, A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence, University Press of America, Inc.
1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background to the Topic
For about a month, the writer was assigned as a freelance translator. Novel, medical texts, and questionnaire are texts given to translate. Making a good translation of medical texts are the most difficult task for the writer for in most field, particularly medical, the writer found that not only the translator’s knowledge of the source and target language but also translator’s skill to preserve a proper equivalence of terms used in the field is needed in order to convey a good translation.
We all know that the translator’s goal is to get the message across as
accurately as possible, to avoid misunderstanding or misinterpretation in target language. However, during the job training, the writer found difficulties in translating English terms used in medical field such as understanding the word or phrase which belongs to terms of medical and finding the proper word equivalent of medical terms in target language. The transmission of a message, indeed, is a complex process and make accurate interpretation is not an easy task.
According to that case, this report is entitled “Problems Found in Translating
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about the process of finding a proper equivalence of English terms used in medical field and conveying a good translation.
1.2. Scope
The writer, in this report, attempts to deliver a discussion about conveying a good translation. This report specifically discusses the problems found in translation which is finding a proper equivalence of English terms used in medical terms and serve the analysis and solution in order to solve the problems.
1.3. Objectives
Other than to fulfill the job training course, this report is also aimed at:
1. discussing the problems found in translating English terms used in medical field and serve the analysis and solution,
2. serving an explanation about translating through transference, naturalization and cultural equivalence procedures.
1.4.Significant to Knowledge
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translation. Practically, the readers will be able to understand the meaning and find a proper equivalent of particular terms.
1.5. Framework of Theory
Newmark’s theory of translation procedures is the grand theory for this job training report. He writes (1988 : 81) that translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language. According to Newmark, it can be concluded that the use of translation procedure is needed in order to find the proper equivalence of English terms used in medical field. There are eighteen translation procedures proposed by Newmark. However, only transference, naturalization, and cultural equivalence are chosen to be used in translating English terms used in medical field since the three procedures are commonly used in translating special terms.
1.6.Research Method
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1.7. Place and Time
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CHAPTER II:
THE GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CV. GLOBAL LINGUIST
2.1. Description of CV. Global Linguist
Global Linguist is a company concerning in translation and language training pioneered by Mrs. Diba Artsiyanti, E.P, S.S., M.Si and her sister, Dianita Artsiyanti and now managered by Mr. Savitra Wibawa, S.Si. Global Linguist is one of the translation agencies in Bandung addressed at CipagantiRahayu Regency F-27A Jl. Cipamokolan Bandung Timur.
2.2. The Work of CV. Global Linguist 1. Translation
Since not everyone has competence in making a good translation, CV. Global Linguist serves in translation field. The client may be institution or individual. The text to translate is variant; it may be novel, questionnaire, lecture material, and many more.
2. Language Training
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2.3. Job Position and Coordination 2.3.1. Job Position
The writer did her work mostly at home since she worked as a freelance translator in the job training conducted by July 17th 2012 until September 19th 2012. The text to be translated may be a novel, a questionnaire, a medical material; the latter is the concern of the writer.
2.3.2. Coordination
During job training process, the writer coordinated with some staff of Human Capital and
General Affair Unit as in the following:
1. Mrs. DibaArtsiyanti, E.P, S.S., M.Si as the head of the company. Responsibility : running the company.
2. Mr. SavitraWibawa, S.Si as the manager and editor.
Responsibility: handling training and recruitment, financial term,
attendance, placementand performance.
2.3.3 Responsibilities
After Mrs. Diba and Mr. Avit got command from the client, the writer and her two partners, Diny Wahyuningtyas and Lady Sekar Mayang, as freelance translatorsare contacted to have their task to do the translation.
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CHAPTER III:
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC
3.1. Translating English Terms Used in Medical Field
A translator plays an important role in bringing the message of the source language text to the target language. Since translator is a reader-oriented job, it is important to make sure that the readers get the message contained within the text. However, while doing her job as a freelance translator for a month, the writer had difficulties, especially in understanding and then translating English terms used in medical field.
In analyzing medical terms, the writer used transference, naturalization, and cultural equivalent to convey a good translation. In this point, the problem found during the translation process, the explanation of the three chosen procedure, and the analysis together with the solution are described.
3.3. Problems and Solution
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3.3.1. Problems
As has been quoted before, we know that translating is not an easy task. However, translating the text in the specific field of study is more difficult. Since medical text is one of text the writer translated, the writer found that in specific genre, especially medical field, there are some terms both words and phrases in which their meaning are not as the same or similar as their literal meaning. There are also terms which have more than one meaning.
The first problem the writer had during the job training was understanding the word or phrase which belongs to terms of medical. The second problem was finding the proper word equivalent of medical terms in target language.
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3.3.2. Analysis and Solution
On Monday, July 30th 2012, the writer was given a task to translate a seven-page medical text explaining human growth process. The writer found many English terms of which the writer face difficulties to find the proper equivalence in Indonesia as the target language. The writer has no idea of procedure used to translate English terms used in medical field.
After doing a close-reading and search for information of English terms used in medical field, it is found that naturalization and cultural equivalent which are two of fifteen procedures of translation proposed by Newmark is the proper procedure used in translating English terms in medical field.
3.3.2.1. Transference
[image:18.612.110.506.622.707.2]The process of transferring the source language word into receptor language word. The word translated then become a loan word. For further details, it will be described in the table below.
Table 1. List of Medical Terms Translated by Using Transference Procedure
No. Source Language Receptor Language
1. lamina dura lamina dura
2. periosteal periosteal
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4. modeling modeling
5. remodeling remodeling
6. endoosseous endoosseous
7. callus callus
8. endosteal endosteal
The terms listed on the Table 1 were translated by using transference procedure.
As the terms are rarely used in another field of studies and will not have another broad
meaning than its use in medical field, the terms had no change in target language word
formation. That is why transference is the proper procedure to translate the terms.
3.3.2.2. Naturalization
[image:19.612.109.505.113.220.2]The process done by adapting the source language word first to normal pronunciation and changing it to the normal word formation of the target language in order to make it familiar to the tongue of the target language speakers. For further details, it will be described in the table below.
Table 2. List of Medical Terms Translated by Naturalization Procedure
No. Source Language Receptor Language
1. morphogenesis morfogenesis
2. chondrocranium kondrokranium
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4. hereditary herediter
5. maloclussion mal-oklusi
6. endochondral endokondral
7. ossification osifikasi
8. synchondroses sinkondrosis
9. mesenchyme mesenkim
10. mandibular condyles kondilus mandibularis
11. skeletogenetic mesenchymal structures
susunan mesenkim skeletogenetik 12. orthodontic therapeutic terapi ortodontik
13. sutures sutura
14. kapsular kapsuler
15. intramembranous ossification osifikasi intramembran
16. physiology fisiologi
17. metabolic function fungsi metabolic 18. geometric distribution distribusi geometrik
19. collagen orientation of the
lamellae orientasi kolagen pada lamella 20. pathologic processes proses patologi
21. trabecular bone tulangtrabekula
22. cortical bone tulangkortikal
23. alveolar procesee prosesusalveolaris
24. basilar bone tulang basil
25. implant penempatan
26. parathyroid paratiroid
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28. paracrine and autocrine mechanisms
mekanisme parakrin dan autokrin
Naturalization is the procedure chosen to translate the medical terms listed on Table 2 since there were no proper equivalent in target language which could completely represent the meaning of these terms. In addition, the word formation of the terms in source language and receptor language are slightly same.
3.3.2.3.Cultural Equivalent
[image:21.612.106.512.455.542.2]Translate a source language cultural word approximately into target language cultural word. For further details, it will be described in the table below.
Table 3. List of Medical Terms Translated by Using Cultural Equivalent Procedure
No. Source Language Receptor Language
1. facial wajah
2. tissue jaringan
3. bone mass jaringan tulang
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3.3.2.4. Optional
[image:22.612.105.517.243.477.2]One term may be translated through naturalization and cultural equivalent. It depends on the context.
Table 4. List of Medical Terms Translated Both by Using Transference Procedure
No. Medical Term Procedure Source
Language Receptor Language 1. kranial naturalization functional cranial analysis analisis kranial fungsional cultural equivalent a specific cranial component komponen spesifik pada tengkorak
2. skeletal
naturalization skeletal unit unit skeletal cultural
equivalent
facial
skeletal rangka wajah
14 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion
After the report was finished, it can be concluded that the translator’s profound knowledge of either the source and target language or the field of study to which the text belong is badly needed.
The results of the analysis also proof the importance of using translation procedure, such as transference, naturalization, and cultural equivalent in order to reach a good and communicative translation. These procedures are commonly used to translate special terms like terms used in medical field.
4.2 Suggestion
