APPENDIX
A. Bibliography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle KStJ, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician, most noted for creating the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and writing stories about him which are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction.
He is also known for writing the fictional adventures of a second character he invented, Professor Challenger, and for popularising the mystery of the Mary Celeste. He was a prolific writer whose other works include fantasy and science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels.
Doyle is often referred to as "Sir Arthur Conan Doyle" or simply "Conan Doyle" (implying that Conan is part of a compound surname, as opposed to a given middle name). His baptism entry in the register of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh gives "Arthur Ignatius Conan" as his given names, and "Doyle" as his surname. It also names Michael Conan as his godfather. The cataloguers of the British Library and the Library of Congress treat "Doyle" alone as his surname.
using Conan as a sort of surname. But technically his last name is simply 'Doyle'." When knighted, he was gazetted as Doyle, not under the compound Conan Doyle. Nevertheless, the actual use of a compound surname is demonstrated by the fact that Doyle's second wife was known as "Jean Conan Doyle" rather than "Jean Doyle".
B. Summary of The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes Novel
“A Scandal in Bohemia" July 1891
The King of Bohemia engages Holmes to recover an indiscreet photograph showing him with the renowned beauty, adventuress and opera singer Irene Adler—the revelation of which would derail his marriage to a daughter of the King of Scandinavia. In disguise, Holmes witnesses Adler marry the man she truly loves, then by means of an elaborate stratagem discovers the photograph's hiding place. But when Holmes and the king return to retrieve the photo, they find Adler has fled the country with it, leaving behind a letter for Holmes and a portrait of herself for the King. The king allows Holmes to retain the portrait as a souvenir.
"The Adventure of the Red-Headed League" August 1891
Jabez Wilson, a pawnbroker, consults Holmes about a job he gained only because of his red hair. The job took him away from his shop for a short period each afternoon, and involved him copying the Encyclopaedia Britannica. After eight weeks, he was informed that the job had suddenly finished. Holmes visits the pawnbroker's shop, and after some investigation contacts a police inspector and the manager of a nearby bank. Along with Watson, they hide in the bank vault, and catch two thieves, who had dug a tunnel from the shop during the hours that Wilson was out each afternoon.
"A Case of Identity" September 1891
unforeseen" occurs, then mysteriously disappears on the way to the church. Holmes deduces that Hosmer was Mary's stepfather in disguise, the charade a bid to condemn his stepdaughter to spinsterhood and ensure his continued access to her inheritance. Holmes does not reveal the truth to Mary because "There is danger for him who taketh the tiger cub, and danger also for whoso snatches a delusion from a woman"; he had already advised her to put the matter behind her, though she responded that Hosmer "shall find me ready when he comes back."
"The Boscombe Valley Mystery" October 1891
Inspector Lestrade asks for Holmes's help after Charles McCarthy is murdered, and his son, James, is implicated. McCarthy, and another local landowner, John Turner, are both Australian expatriates, and Lestrade was originally engaged by Turner's daughter, Alice, who believes James is innocent. Holmes interviews James, and then inspects the scene of the murder, deducing a third man was present. Realising Holmes has solved the case, Turner confesses to the crime, revealing that McCarthy was blackmailing him due to Turner's criminal past. Holmes does not reveal the crime, but secures James's release because of the presence of a third person at the crime scene.
"The Five Orange Pips" November 1891
diary page, which Holmes deduces is connected to the Ku Klux Klan, on the garden sundial. Openshaw is killed before he can do so, but Holmes discovers the killers have been travelling on a sailing ship, and sends the captain a letter with five orange pips. The ship is lost at sea.
"The Man with the Twisted Lip" December 1891
Neville St. Clair, a respectable businessman, has disappeared and his wife claims she saw him at the upper window of an opium den. When she entered the room, she only found a beggar. St. Clair's clothes are later found in the room, and his coat, laden with coins, in the River Thames outside the window. The beggar is arrested for murder, but a few days later St. Clair's wife receives a letter from her husband. Holmes considers, and washes the beggar to discover that is actually St. Clair, who confesses that he has been leading a double life as a beggar as the income is so large, but promises to stop begging if Holmes will keep his secret from his wife.
"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" January 1892
Holmes allows him to remain free, arguing that prison could make him a hardened criminal later.
"The Adventure of the Speckled Band" February 1892
Helen Stoner worries her stepfather may be trying to kill her after he contrives to move her to the bedroom where her sister had died two years earlier, shortly before her wedding. Stoner is herself now engaged, and Holmes learns that her stepfather's annuity (from the estate of his wife—Stoner's mother) would be greatly reduced if either sister married. During a late-night investigation of the bedroom, Holmes and Watson discover a dummy bell-pull near a ventilator. As they lie in wait a whistle sounds, then a snake appears through the ventilator. Holmes attacks the snake with his riding crop; it retreats to the next room, where it attacks and kills Stoner's stepfather.
"The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb" March 1892
coins, and works out its location. However when they arrive, the house is on fire, and the criminals have escaped.
"The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor" April 1892
Lord Robert St. Simon's new American bride, Hatty Doran, has disappeared almost immediately after the wedding. The servants had prevented an old love interest of his from forcing her way into the wedding breakfast, Hatty had been seen in whispered conversation with her maid, and Inspector Lestrade arrives with the news that Hatty's wedding dress and ring have been found floating in the Serpentine. Holmes quickly solves the mystery, locating Hatty at a hotel with a mysterious, "common-looking" man who had picked up her dropped bouquet after the ceremony. The man turns out to be Hatty's husband Frank, whom she had thought dead in America, and who had managed to locate her only moments before she was to marry Lord St. Simon. Frank and Hatty had just determined to go to Lord St. Simon in order to explain the situation when Holmes found them.
"The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet" May 1892
"The Adventure of the Copper Beeches" June 1892
Chaer, Abdul.1994.Linguistik Umum.Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Doyle, Arthur Conan.2004.The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes. Delhi: Rohan Book Company.
Djajasudarma, T. Fatimah.2010.Metode Linguistik.Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama.
Junaida, Suryadi.2007.Complete English Grammar.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Kardimin, Akhmad.2011.English Grammar.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Moleong, Lexcy J.1993.Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif.Medan: The University of North Sumatera.
Schrampfer, Azar Betty and Stacy A. Hagen.1941.Understanding and Using
English Grammar Fourth Edition.United State of America: Pearson
Longman.
Sembiring, MCA.2014.Buku Pedoman Program D-3 Studi Bahasa
Inggris.Medan.
Sembiring, MCA.2015.Metode Penelitian.Medan.
Suryabrata, Sumadi.2002.Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada
Thomson, A. J. and A. V. Martinet.1986.A Practical English Grammar Fourth Edition.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3. ANALYSIS AND FINDING
3.1 Analysis
The data are taken from the story of novel The Adventure of Sherlock
Holmes which was first published in 1892 in England.
After studying the data, it is found that Gerund in this novel has 9 different
functions.
A. Gerung as a subject
(1) The greeting appeared to come from a slim, youth in an ulster who had
hurried by. (p. 29)
The word greeting is the Gerund and becomes the subject of the sentence
because it comes before the verb appeared.
(2) Having closed the door. (p. 66)
Having as the subject before the verb, closed.
B. Gerund as a complement
a. Gerund as the object in general
(1) I carefully examined the writing. (p. 9)
Writingis as the object after the verb examined.
(2)He is dark, handsome and dashing. (p. 18)
The word dashing is Gerund and becomes the object of the
sentencebecause it comes after the predicate is.
b. Gerund as an object after preposition
(2) By
(3) I could not confide it to an agent
binding you both to absolute secrecy for two years. (p. 12)
without
(4) Looking at her
putting myself in his
power. (p. 13)
with
c. Gerund as an object after following certain verb
a questioning and rather startled gaze. (p. 31)
The verbs which are used before Gerund are not help, mind and keep.
(1) I could not helping
(2) You don’t
laughing at the ease with which he explained
his process of deducation. (p.8)
mind
(3) [...] for otherwise I shall
breaking the law? (p. 22)
keep
d. Gerund after certain phrase.
piling fact upon fact on you. (p. 36)
The phrases which are used before Gerund, are it is no use and would
you mine.
(1) Then, again, I have heard it is no use
(2)
your applying if your hair is
light red, or dark red or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery
red.(p. 42)
Would you mine
e. Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun
reading me the advertised description of Mr.
Hosmer Angel? (p. 76)
The possesive adjectives or possesive nounswhich are used before
Gerund, are my and holmes’s.
(2) The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but
Holmes’s
f. Gerund after verb + preposition
hunting crop came down on the man’s wrist, adn the
pistol clinked upon the stone floor. (p. 59)
The verb + preposition which are used before Gerund, are think of and
look at.
(1) It’s only four hours a day and I should not think of
(p. 45)
leaving.
(2) Never would look at
g. Gerund used after adjective + preposition
a shilling of mine. (p. 73)
The adjective + preposition which are used before Gerund, are
pleasure of and interested on.
(1) I hope that I may have the pleasure of
(2) I was then much surprised and
introducing you tonight. (p.
56)
interested on
h. Gerund after noun + preposition
glancing down to
observe that. (p. 76)
The noun + preposition which are used before Gerund, are identity of
and course of.
(1) Would lead up to the identity of
(2) He takes the obvious
the disappearing bridegroom of
Miss Mary Sutherland. (p. 78)
A. Gerund as a subject
(1) Endeavouring to imitate my companion’s processes. (p. 10)
(2) Lounging figure of the man who had been no doubt depicted to him as
the most incisive reasoner and most energetic agent in Europe. (p. 13)
(3) A drunken-looking groom, I’ll-kemptand side whiskered with an
inflamed faceand disreputable clothes walked into the room. (p. 17)
(4) Large sitting-room on the right side, well furnished with long windows
almost to the floor. (p. 18)
(5) Four or five minutes afterwards the sitting-room window will open.
(p. 23)
(6) [...] one of the loafing men at the corner dashed forward to open the
door in the hope of earning a copper. (p. 25)
(7) Struggling men who struck savagely at each other with their fists and
sticks. (p. 25)
(8) Slipping through the shouting crowd I made my way to the corner of
the street.(p. 27)
(9) The greeting appeared to come from a slim, youth in an ulster who had
hurried by. (p. 29)
(10) With a quick little questioning glance from him small fat-encircled
eyes. (p. 35)
(11) Snapping away with a camera when he ought to be improving his
(12) Then diving down into the cellar like a rabbit into his holeto develop
his pictures. (p. 40)
(13) Getting a vacancy did not seem to be such a very easy matter after all.
(p. 43)
(14) The more daring criminals of london should take a considerable
interest in this cellar at present. (p. 57)
(15) With a rending, tearing sound, one of the broad, white atones turned
over upon its side, and left a square, gaping hole, through which
streamed the light of a latern. (p. 59)
(16) The copying of the Encyclopedia, must be to get to this not over-bright
pawnbroker out of the way for a number of hours every day. (p. 61)
(17) The only remaining point was what they were burrowing for. (p. 63)
(18) Looking over his shoulder I saw that on the pavement opposite there
stood a large woman with a heavy fur boa round her neck. (p. 66)
(19) A large curling red feather in a broad-brimmed hat which was titled inn
coquettish Duchess-of-Devonshire fashion over her ear. (p. 66)
(20) Hesitating fashion at our windows. (p. 66)
(21) Having closed the door. (p. 66)
(22) Very retiring and gentlemanly he was. (p. 71)
(23) The sewing-machine, of the hand type, leaves a similar mark, but only
on the left arm. (p. 75)
(25) Having quite made up her mind that her stepfather was in France.(p.
82)
(26) Unlocking and throwing open the door. (p. 83)
(27) Having taken the printed description. (p. 84)
B. As a complement
a. Gerund as an object in general
(1) He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine
that the world has seen. (p. 5)
(2) Finely adjusted temperament was to introduce a distracting factor.(p.
5)
(3) That you had a perticularly malignant boot-slitting speciment of the
London slavey. (p. 8)
(4) As to your practice, if a gentleman walks into my rooms smelling of
iodoform. (p. 8)
(5) I carefully examined the writing. (p. 9)
(6) Secured at the neck with a brooch which consisted of a single flaming
beryl. (p. 11)
(7) From the lower part of the face of he appeared to be a man of strong
character, with a thick, hanging up, and a long straigh chin. (p. 11)
(8) Seriously compromise one of the reigning families of Europe. (p. 12)
(9) Wrote her some compromising letters. (p. 14)
(11) There was something in his masterly grasp of a situation, and his keen,
incisive reasoning. (p. 17)
(12) He is dark, handsome and dashing. (p. 18)
(13) I could catch glimpses of him, in the window of the sitting room. (p.
19)
(14) Bring him into the sitting-room. (p. 26)
(15) While I still observed the proceedings from my post by the window.
(p. 26)
(16) It is a perfectly overpowering impulse. (p. 28)
(17) The photograph is in a recess behind a sliding panel just above the right
bell-pull. (p. 29)
(18) We will be shown into the sitting-room to wait the lady. (p. 29)
(19) He pushed past the servant and rushed into the drawing-room. (p. 31)
(20) Holmes rushed at the bel-pull, tore back a small sliding shutter and
plunging in his hand. (p. 31)
(21) It’s not a very large affair and of late years it has not done more than
just give me a living. (p. 40)
(22) What is the name of this obliging youth? (p. 40)
(23) He and a girl of fourteen, who does a bit of simple cooking. (p. 40)
(24) Then, again, I have heard it is no use your applying if your hair is light
red, or dark red or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery red. (p. 42)
(26) Well, you have to be in the office, or at least in the building, the whole
time. (p. 45)
(27) You must find your own ink, pens, and blotting-paper. (p. 45)
(28) My practice is never very absorbing. (p. 50)
(29) While the footpaths were black with the hurryingswarm of pedestrians.
(p. 51)
(30) All he wants is an old dog to help him to do the running down. (p. 55)
(31) He has the makings of a detective in him. (p. 55)
(32) Mr. Merryweather stopped to light a lantern and then conducted us
down a dark, earth-smelling passage and so. (p. 56)
(33) While Holmes fell upon his knees upon the floor and with the lantern
and a magnifying lens, began to examine minutely the cracks between
the stones. (p. 57)
(34) We have had several warnings that an attempt might be made upon it.
(p. 57)
(35) These are daring men, and, though we shall take them at a
disadvantage they may do us some harm.(p. 58)
(36) That I could not ony hear the gentle breathing of my companion.(p.
59)
(37) But I could distinguish the deeper , heavier in breath of the bulky Jones
from the thin sighing note of the bank director. (p. 59)
(39) I could think of nothing save that he was running a tunnel to some other
building. (p. 62)
(40) Here is the first heading upon which I come. (p. 64)
(41) “That with your short sight it is a little trying to do so much
typewriting?” (p. 66)
(42) It had left him with a weak throat, and a hesistating, whispering fasion
of speech.(p. 71)
(43) It seemed strange talk for a wedding morning, but what has happened
since gives a meaning to it.(p. 73)
(44) She had small, round, hanging gold ear-rings. (p. 75)
(45) Pon my word, Watson, you ate coming along wonderfully. (p. 75)
(46) I ventured a remark upon short sight and typewriting,which seemed to
surprise her. (p. 76)
(47) “As to the letters,” he continued glancing over them. (p.77)
(48) The man who entered was a sturdy middle-sized fellow some thirty
years of age, clean shaven, and sallow skinned, with a bland,
insinuating manner, and a pair of wonderfully sharp and penetrating
grey eyes.(p. 78)
(49) Now you remark in this note of yours, Mr. Windibank, that in every
case there is some little slurring over the ‘e’. (p. 79)
(50) And now I will show you what is really a very interesting study, Mr.
(51) It is not part of my duties to my client, but here’s a hunting-crop
handy. (p. 83)
b. Gerund is used as object after preposition
(1) They were admirable things for the observer-exellent for
(2) Succesfully
binding you both to absolute secrecy for two years. (p. 12)
without
(6) While a number of better dressed people who had watched the scuffle doing. (p. 18)
a questioning and rather startled gaze. (p. 31)
without
(9) That I make a mistake
observing the hand which the king had stretched
out to him. (p. 34)
afterthinking over for a few
(13) That they would pay such a sum fordoing anything so simple as
(14) What their object was
copying
out the Encyclopedia Britannica. (p. 45)
in
(15) Our friend here is a wonderful man
playing this prank. (p. 48)
for
(16) If they fire, Watson, have no compunction
starting a chase. (p. 55)
about
(17) Then it lengthened out until it became a yellow line, and then,
shooting them down.
having had an experience
which is in many ways unique. (p. 61)
By
(21) It was obvious to me that he had some strong motive
hearing the very remarkable narrative of the Red-headed League. (p.
61)
beating upon the pavement with my stick. (p. 62)
in
(24) [...]
clearing up some small points in connection with it.
(p. 65)
by
(25) It was
taking out his false teeth and hurling them at his wife. (p. 65)
from
(26) They are important, you understand,
the reigning family of Holland. (p. 65)
without
(27) But now I know where the letters are
being interesting. (p. 65)
(29) But this time I was set on
(30) He said that if they were sent to the office he would be chaffed by all
the other clerks
going, and I would go. (p. 69)
about
(31) As he said, what interest could anyone have
having letters from a lady. (p. 71)
(33) As you observe, this woman had plush upon her sleeves, which is a
most useful material
being fairly well to do, in a vulgar, comfortable,
easy-going way. (p. 75)
for
(34) I noted,
showing traces. (p. 75)
in being fully dressed.(p. 76)
in
(38) I have every reason to believe that I will succeed
deserting Miss
Sutherland?”(p. 78)
in
(39) I have here four letters which purport to come
discovering Mr.
Hosmer Angel. (p. 79)
from
(40) Keeps off other lovers
the missing man.(p.
(42) My suspicions were all confirmed by his peculiar action
looking upon any other suitor for some time to
come.(p. 82)
c. Gerund as an object after certain verbs
(1) I could not helping
(2) You don’t
laughing at the ease with which he explained his
process of deducation. (p. 8)
mind
(3) [...] for otherwise I shall
breaking the law? (p. 22)
keep
(4) Its splendour was in such contrast to his homely ways and simple life
that I
piling fact upon fact on you. (p. 36)
could not help
d. Gerund after certain phrase.
commenting upon it.(p. 65)
(1) Then, again, I have heard it is no use
(2) Said there was
your applying if your hair is
light red, or dark red or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery red.
(p. 42)
no use
(3)
denying anything to a woman, for she would
have her way. (p. 70)
Would you mine
e. Gerund after Possesive Adjective or Possesive Noun
reading me the advertised description of Mr. Hosmer
Angel? (p. 76)
(1) From time to time I heard some vague account of his
(2) [...] of
doings. (p. 6)
his
(3) Though at each successive instance of
clearing up of the singular tragedy of the Atkinson brothers
at Trincomalee. (p. 6)
your
(4) Since you are good enough to chronicle one or two of
reasoning I am baffled.
(p. 8)
(5) If the former, she had probably transferred the photograph to
steaming horse were in front of the
door when I arrived.(p. 20)
my
(8) [...] as our client is to
being conveyed into the house.(p. 23)
its
(9) They like to do
coming to the eyes of his princess. (p. 24)
their own
(10) And into
secreting. (p. 25)
her
(11) [...] got into
sitting-room which was the very room which I suspected.
(p. 28)
my
(12) If you will excuse
walking clothes.(p. 32)
my
(13) There was nothing remarkable about the man save saying so, [...] (p. 35)
(17) I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with
very interesting statement. (p. 43)
my
(18) Flushing up to the roots of
writings. (p. 46)
his
(19) There is Mortimer’s, the tobacconist, the little newspaper shop, the
Coburg branch of the City and Suburban Bank, the Vegetarian
Restaurant, and
flaming head. (p. 47)
(20) While his
(21) That
gently smiling face and his languid, dreamy eyes were as
unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound. (p. 52)
his
(22)
brilliant reasoning power would rise to the level intuition.
(p. 52)
My
(23) For a minute or more the hand, with hearing was so acute. (p. 59)
its
(24) The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but
writhing fingers, protruded out
of the floor. (p. 59)
Holmes’s
(25) “My dear fellow” said Sherlock Holmes, as we sat on either side of
the fire in
hunting
crop came down on the man’s wrist, adn the pistol clinked upon the
stone floor. (p. 59)
(28) That a typewriter has really quite as much individulity as a incisive reasoning. (p. 76)
man’s
(29) If you care to use
handwriting. (p. 79)
my
(30) I cannot now enterely see all the steps of magnifying lens. (p. 80)
your
(31) Which of course inferred that
reasoning. (p. 83)
his hand-writing. (p. 84)
curiosity, were such as Mr. John Hare alone could have equalled.
(4) By degrees Mr. Duncan Ross
leaving. (p. 45)
g. Gerund after Adjective + Preposition
writing another little monograph some of these days on the
typewriter and its relation to crime. (p. 79)
(1) With instructions to apply the interest to
(2) I hope that I may have the
the providing of easy berths
to men whose hair is of that colour. (p.42)
pleasure of
(3) I was then much surprised and
introducing you tonight.(p.
56)
(5) Hence also the allusions to a
getting out of it, Mr. Windibank. (p. 80)
possibility of
(6) She knows that the king is
something happening on
the very morning of the wedding.(p. 82)
capable of
h. Gerund after Noun + Preposition
having her waylaid and
(1) I have come incognito from Prague for the purpose of
(2) For many years he had adopted
consulting
you.(p. 13)
a system of
(3) [...] one of the loafing men at the corner dashed forward to open the
door in the
docketing all paragraph
concerning men and things.(p. 13)
hope of
(4) I caught a
earning a copper.(p. 25)
glimpse of
(5) It was dated at
rushing figures. (p. 27)
midnight of
(6) A proposition which I took die
the preceding night.(p. 31)
liberty of
(7) That he has done a considerable
doubting.(p. 36)
amount of
(8) That
writing lately. (p. 38)
trick of
(9) [...] and gave a
staining the fishes’s scales of a delicate, pink is quite
peculier to China.(p. 38)
bob of
(10) That they would pay such
greeting. (p. 35)
a sum for
(11) The swing of his nature took him from extreme
doing anything so simple as
copying out the Encyclopedia Britannica. (p. 45)
(15) I thought of the assiistant’s fondness for photography, and his trick
of
(16) They spoke of those
vanishing into the cellar. (p. 62)
hours of
(17) The conduct complained of was that he had drifted into burrowing. (p. 62)
the habit of
(18) Then, when they
winding up every meal [...].(p. 65)
talked of
(19) I had had so many reasons to believe in my friend’s subtle
marrying within the week, I began to
the disappearing bridegroom of
Miss Mary Sutherland. (p. 78)
course of
(22) He conveniently vanished away by the old
keeping her at home. (p. 82)
trick of
To get the percentage to get the most dominant Gerund, the writer applies a
formula by Junaidi and Suwono (2004:40):
stepping in at
one door of a four-wheeler and out at the other. (p. 83)
X
= �� x 100%
X = the percentage of Gerund
y = total of each Gerund
n = total Gerund
No. Gerund Number Persentage
1 As a subject 27 14,06%
2
C
om
pl
ime
nt
As an object in general 51 26,5%
3 After preposition 42 21,88%
4 After certain verb 4 2,08%
5 After certain phrase 3 1,56%
6 After possesive adjective or
possesive noun 31 16,14%
7 After verb + preposition 6 3,13%
8 After adjective + preposition 6 3,13%
9 After noun + preposition 22 11,5 %
The most dominant Gerund used in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes is Gerund
as object, because there are fifty one sentences using Gerund as object which is
equal to 26,5%.
Based on the study of the data, the Gerund which are found in The Adventuresof
Sherlock Holmes, it can be concluded that:
1) There 9 functions of Gerund found in the novel, such as Gerund as subject,
Gerund as object, Gerund after preposition, Gerund after certain verb,
Gerund after certain phrase, Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive
noun, Gerund after verb + preposition, Gerund after adjective +
preposition and Gerund after noun + preposition.
2) All together, there are 192 Gerundsfound in the novel. 27 Gerundsas
subject (14,06), 51 Gerunds as object (26,5), 42 Gerunds after preposition
(21,88), 4 Gerunds after certain verb (2,08), 3 Gerunds after certain phrase
(1,56), 31 Gerunds after possesive adjective or possesive noun (16,14), 6
Gerunds after verb + preposition (3,13), 6 Gerunds after adjective +
preposition (3,13), and 22 Gerunds after noun + preposition (11,5).The
most dominant Gerund found in novel is Gerund as the object. There are
fifty one sentences which use Gerund as object which is equal to 26,5 %.
4.2 Suggestion
In relation to the conclusion above, the suggestion for the students who
study Gerund are:
1) Study hard to identify a Gerund in a sentence because Gerund is important
in writing.
2) Understand each functions of Gerund.
4) The students can analyse other aspects of the novel or some articles in the
magazine or newspaper, such as noun clause, conjunction, tenses,
punctuation, clause, conditional sentences, and preposition.
5) I hope this paper can be useful to enrich knowledge about the usage and
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Definitions of Gerund
As popular, people often state that linguistics is the study of language;
or science that makes the language as an object of study; or more accurately,
scientific study of the human language.
Finocchioro (1974: 3) that linguistics is a system change (changing),
which allows sound to human arbitrarily use in providing a culture, or others
who have studied the system of the culture, to communicate and interact.
Pei and Gaynor (1954: 119) divided that linguistics is with sound
communication system, i, e, as a tool in speech (talking) and heard. Among
humans use symbols community certainly sounds that have meaning changes
according to the culture (customs) respectively.
The conclusion that linguistics is the study of language structure,
language rules, a symbol of the sounds of language and everything related to
the language generally used by the public as a means of exchanging
information between the tribes of the tribe another or one country to another
country.
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the
composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.
Grammar is very important to learn to be able to mastering English. Because of
Swan (2005:19) says that grammar is the rules that show how words are
combined, arranged or changed to show certain kinds of meaning.
One of many parts of grammar is Gerund. Gerund is a verb-ing form of the
verb that functioned as a noun (make into a verb) by adding –ing behind the
verb. Junaida said Gerund form as same as present participle form and both are
parts of the verb. The difference, Gerund is a noun, but the present participle is
an adjective.
There are some definition of the Gerund, include:
a. Gerund is a noun that comes from a verb (make into a verb) (verb-ing).
b. Gerund has the same form with present participle, but Gerund has other
meaning, that is (verb-ing) so it doesn’t mean ‘being’.
c. Gerund is a verb-ing form from a verb which functions as a noun. (make
verb to be noun).
2.2The Functions of Gerund
The use of Gerund in a sentence has a variety of functions. The use of the
Gerund can be distinguished as follows:
a. Gerund as a subject
Sentence patterns can be described generally as follows:
Subject Verb (be) + Object
Verb+ing ...
- Verb+ing
- In front of the predicate
- Be the subject of the sentence
- Has the meaning of an noun that as subject of the sentence
These are some examples of Gerund used as subjects :
- Reading is my hobby.
- Playing tennis is fun.
- Swimming is a healthy sport.
- Climbing to the top of a mountain isn’t easy.
- Finding their house wasn’t difficult.
- Swearing does not prove anything.
b. Gerund as a complement
Gerund is also used as the complement in sentence. The sentence
patterns are as the follow:
Subject + Verb Complement Adverb
... Verb+ing ...
Gerund used as an object in sentence has some characteristics, such
as:
- At the behind of verb of in front of the adverb.
- Has a function as complement.
The following are some examples of Gerund used as the complement in
sentence:
- Her chief delight is swimming in the river.
- My favorite pas time is singing.
- One of his worst habits is telling lies.
- What he likes is listening the radio news.
- What she likes is watching the children play.
Gerund can also be used as Appositive in a sentence. The following are
some examples of Gerund used as the apposotive:
- She has a bad habit, gambling.
- His method, shooting and killing, eventually came to an end.
- Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool, makes her body strong.
The Gerund used as object has some the forms and the functions. Gerund
is used as object:
a. Gerund as an object in general
In general the sentence pattern can be described as follow:
Subject + Verb Object
... Verb+ing
Gerund used as the object in sentence has characteristics, such as:
- Has the meaning of noun as object in sentence.
The following are some examples of Gerund used as object:
- I don’t like reading.
- We enjoy playing tennis.
- He likes swimming.
- They finish speaking.
- My mother likes shopping.
b. Gerund is used as an object after preposition
The sentence pattern in general can be described as follow:
Subject + Verb (be) Object
... preposition Verb+ing
The preposition :
- At
- After
- By
- For
- Of
- Out
- With
- About
- Before
- In
- From
- On
- To
- Without
- He is good at lecturing.
c. Gerund as the object after following certain verb
In general the sentence pattern can be described as follow:
Subject Verb Object
... ... Verb+ing
Gerund can be used as the object of following verbs. The followings are
the examples:
He admitted stealing the money.
She advised waiting until tommorow.
I anticipate having a good time on vacation.
I appreciated hearing from them.
He avoided answering my question.
I can’t bear waiting in long lines.
It began raining.
I finally completed writing my term paper.
(10)Continue
He continued speaking.
He delayed leaving for school.
She denied commiting the crime.
They discussed opening a new business.
I dislike driving long distances.
We enjoyed visiting them.
She finished studying about ten.
I’ll never forget visiting Napoleon’s tomb.
I hate making silly mistakes.
I can’t help worrying about it.
Let’s postpone leaving until tommorow.
The athlete practiced throwing the ball.
Ann prefers walking to driving to work.
He quit trying to solve the problem.
I don’t recall meeting him before.
(33)Regret
I resent her interfering in my business.
I couldn’t resist eating the dessert.
She risks losing all of her money.
I can’t stand waiting in long lines.
It started raining.
She stopped going to classes when she got sick.
She suggested going to a movie.
She won’t tolerate cheating during an examination.
I tried changing the light bulb, but the lamp still
didn’t work.
I don’t understand his leaving school.
d. Gerund after certain phrase.
Phrase Verb+ing
Followings are some examples of Gerund after certain phrase:
- I think it is no use trying again
- Would you mind waiting a moment?
e. Gerund after Possesive Adjective or Possesive Noun
The use of Gerund after Possesive Adjective or Possesive Noun can be
described as the following examples:
- I don’t mind your living here.
- Do you mind my making suggestions?
- I am annoyed about jhon’s forgetting to pay.
- You can understand his feeling angry.
- The idea of Hasan’s getting job as a salesman doesn’t appeal to his wife.
f. Gerund after Verb + Preposition
The use of Gerund after Verb + Preposition on certain verbs, such as:
Accused of
Some examples of Gerund used Verb + Preposition sentence:
- Umar gave up smoking because of his doctor advise.
- Ali confessed to stealingthe golds.
- She insisted on paying the entire bill for dinner.
g. Gerund after Adjective + Preposition
The use of Gerund after Adjective + Preposition on certain verbs, such as:
Accustomed to
Afraid of
Fond of
Capable of
Intent on
Interested in
Successful in
Sorry for
Tired of
Some examples of Gerund after Verb + Preposition:
- I am tired of doing the work again.
- Mary is fond of dancing.
- We are interested in reading this book.
- Ali is intent on finishing school next year.
- I am sorry for waking you up.
h. Gerund after Noun + Preposition
The use after Noun + Preposition on certain verbs
Some examples of Gerund used Noun + Preposition :
- There’s a reason for leaving so early.
- There is a possibility of acquiring this property at a good price.
- John has no excuse for dropping out of school.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of The Study
Language is very important for human life. Without language, we will not
be able to communicate with others, express everything we want to say, or get
information.
Kentjono (1982) “Language is a symbol system sound that arbitrarily used
by member of the social group to work together, to communicate, and to
identify self.
A lot of language that can be found in this world. For example is English.
English is the international language used in all of country in the world. We
obliged to learn English.
Learning English is not easy for Indonesian. Because so many differences
between Indonesia language and English. Such as the structure, meaning and
grammar.
There is a system of rules (known as the grammar) that regulates
communication between members of a given speech community. Grammar is
affected by the sound, and meaning, and include morphology (the formation
and composition of words), and phonology (sound system). Through the corpus
linguistics, large chunks of the text can be analyzed for possible occurrence of
Francis (1985: 13) defines that linguistics is as a system of change of
articulation (pronunciation) sound used by a group of people as a treasure in
the affairs of their community.
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the
composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The
term refers also to the study of such rules and this field includes morphology,
syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and
pragmatics.
Magendanz (2003:16) say “The grammar of a language is the set of rules
that govern its structure. Grammar determines how words are arranged to form
meaningful units.”
Leech (1982:3) says that reference to the mechanism according to which
language works when it is used to communicate with other people. Grammar is
a mechanism for putting words together, but we have said little about sound of
meaning.
There so many parts of grammar that must be learn. One of them is
Gerund.
In traditional grammars of English, the term Gerund is used to label an
important use of the form of the verb ending in –ing. Other important uses are
An –ing form is termed Gerund when it behaves as a verb within a clause
(so that may be modified by an adverb or have an object) but the resulting
clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the Gerund itself)
function as a noun within the larger sentence.
A Gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun. A Gerund is used
in the same way as a noun, as a subject or as an object.
For examples:
a) Playing tennis is
S V
fun.
Playing is a Gerund. It is used as the subject of the sentence. Playing
tennis is a Gerund phrase.
b) We enjoyplaying
V O
tennis.
Playing is a Gerund used as the object of the verb enjoy.
c) He is excited aboutplaying
Prep O
tennis.
Playing is a Gerund used as the object of the preposition about.
Gerund can be found in written. Such as in poem, news paper, letter,
comic, novel and etc. So the autor will discuss about Gerund found in The
Adventure of Sherlock Holmes novel written by Sir Arthur conan Doyle. The
1.2The Problem ofStudy
The problem of study are:
a) What are the functions of Gerund found in The Adventures of Sherlock
Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?
b) What is the most dominant Gerund found in the novel?
1.3The Objective ofStudy
The purpose of the study are:
a) To find out the functions of Gerund used in The Adventures of
Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
b) To find out the most dominant Gerund used in the novel.
1.4The Scope ofStudy
The scope of study is focused on the functions of Gerund found in
the novel.
1.5The Significance ofStudy
The significance of study are:
a) To give information about Gerund functions.
b) To give knowledge the way how to analyse theGerund in The
Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
1.6The Method of Study
The writer uses library research method in collecting the data. The writer
also gets some information from internet and other related sources. The source
the writer analyses the Gerund used in The Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes
Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
The steps of analyzing data are preceeded as the followings:
(1) Reading The Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes Novel.
(2) Identifying sentences and clauses expressing Gerund.
(3) Classifying them to their own functions.
(4) Analyzing the data based on their functions.
(5) Calculating the data to get the most dominant Gerund.
To get the percentage, the writer applies a formula by Junaidi and Suwono
(2004:40):
X
= �� x 100%
X = the percentage of Gerund
y = total of each Gerund
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
A STUDY OF GERUND USED IN SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE’S NOVEL “THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES”
A PAPER
BY
DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR
REG. NO. 132202006
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
It has been approved by
Supervisor,
NIP. 19570803198404 1 004
Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL
Submitted of Faculty Of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study
Program
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.
Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program
Accepted by the Board of Examiner in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the Diploma-IIIExamination of the Diploma-III ofEnglish Study Program, Faculty
of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera.
The Examination is held on May 2016
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera
Dean,
NIP. 19600805198703 1 001 Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.
Board of Examiners Signature
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)
2. Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL (Supervisor)
AUTHOR DECLARATION
I am, DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR, declare that I am the sole of author of
this paper. Except where reference is made in the next of this paper, this
paper contain no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in
part form a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in
the main text of this paper. This paper has not beenn submitted for the
award of another degree in any tertiary education.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR
Title of Paper :A STUDY OF GERUND USED IN SIR ARTHUR
CONAN DOYLE’S NOVEL “THE
ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES”
Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the
disrection of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of North Sumatera the understanding that users are
made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed :
Date : Thursday, May 12th, 2016
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank Allah who gives me blessing,
health, and strenght so I can finish writing this paper.
In this time, I wish to deliver my deepest gratefulness and
appreciation to:
• My beloved parents, Sabar M Siregar and Ayu Iriani for their
praying, love, support, affection, time and give me the best
education.
• My elder sister, Dhesy Rahayu Siregar, for her affection, advice
and support, my brother and younger sisters, Heri Mahfudz
Siregar, Dini Sabriani Siregar, Danti Rizkika Siregar and
Alyah Zahra Siregar, for their affection.
• Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring M.A. the Head of Diploma English
Study Program, for his time, advice and patience.
• My supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed., TESOL, for his
patience, great time, advice and guidance. Without him this paper
would never be completed.
• Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, MS, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Studies, University of North Sumatera.
• My ‘Ayang’, Miranda Sri Mulyani Tarigan, Nanda
Farahdibha, Mardha Fauziah, Dwi Syafhitri, Astri Diyan
me and make me always laughing. And my best friend, Fitri
Udani Siagian, for long acquaintance since junior high school. • My friends in SOLIDAS.
I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect.
Therefore, all criticism and suggestions are trully expected to build
it.
Finally, I wish this paper can be useful to all readers
especially those who are interested in making it as a reference of
any literatery work.
Medan, 12th May 2016 The Writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii
ABSTRACT ... iii
ABSTRAK ... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii
I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Backgroud of Study ... 1
1.2 The Problem of Study ... 4
1.3 The Objective of Study ... 4
1.4 The Scope of Study ... 4
1.5 The Significance of Study ... 4
1.6 The Method of Study ... 4
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Definitions of Gerund ... 6
2.2 The Functions of Gerund ... 7
III.ANALYSIS AND FINDING 3.1 Anaysis ... 16
3.2 Finding ... 19
IV.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ... 35
4.2 Suggestion ... 35
