Pengaruh Pemberian Paclobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan Tanaman Markisa Ungu (Passiflora edulio Sims.)

Yang n e n c i p t a k a n . Dia t e l a h m e n c i p t a k a n n a n u s i a d a r i segumpal d a r a h . Bacalah! dan Tuhannu l a h yang p a l i n g Pemurah. Yang t e l a h m e n g a j a r ( m a n u s i a ) dengan p e r a n t a r a a n k a l a n . D i a t e l a h m e n g a j a r k a n k e p a d a n a n u s i a &pa yang

t i d a k d i k e t a h u i n y a " .

(QS. A1 .Alaq : 1-5)

k a r y a k e e i l i n i k u p e r s e n b a h k a n b u a t a l m a m a t e r t e r c i n t a , i p b b u a t bapak d a n enih t e r s a y a n g

bua

t

a d i k k u t e r s a y a n g , y a n t o dan e t t y

PEUGARUH PEMBERIACS PAGLOBUTRAZOL

TERWADAP PEWTUMBUHAN DAM PEIERBUAIGAAIWI

T A U A M A N MARKlSA UNGU

(

"pa*oi$l~ra

edrtlio

Sirns.

)

J U R U B A N 5 U D l D A Y A P E R T A N l A N . F A K U L T A S P E R T A N I A N I N S T I T L I T P E R T A N I A N BOGOR

TIT0 INDARTO. P e n g a r u h P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l T e r h a d a p

P e r t u m b u h a n d a n Pembungaan Tanaman M a r k i s a Ungu ( P a s s i f l o -

r a e d u l i s S i m s . ) ( d i bawah b i m b i n g a n ACHMAD SURKATI A B I D I N

d a n SRI SETYATI H A R J A D I ) .

P e r c o b a a n b e r t u j u a n m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h p a c l o b u t r a -

z o l t e r h a d a p p e r t u m b u h a n d a n pembungaan t a n a m a n m a r k i s a

ungu ( P . e d u l i s S i m s . ) .

P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i Kebun P e r c o b a a n IPB P a s i r

S a r o n g g e , C i a n j u r . K e t i n g g i a n t e m p a t r a t a - r a t a 1 1 0 0 m d p l d e n g a n t e m p e r a t u r h a r i a n s e k i t a r 17OC

-

250C d a n j e n i s t a -

n a h A n d o s o l . P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n s e j a k b u l a n P e b r u a r i

1 9 8 9 h i n g g a J u n i 1 9 8 9 . Bahan p e r c o b a a n b e r u p a t a n a m a n mar-

k i s a ungu y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i s e t e k b a t a n g d a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l

d a l a m f o r m u l a s i C u l t a r 250 SC ( 2 5 0 g b . a . / l i t e r ) .

P e r c o b a a n d i b a g i m e n j a d i d u a p e r c o b a a n t e r p i s a h . Ma-

s i n g - m a s i n g p e r c o b a a n menggunakan Rancangan Acak L e n g k a p .

P e r c o b a a n t e r d i r i a t a s 4 t a r a f p e r l a k u a n . S e t i a p t a r a f

p e r l a k u a n t e r d i r i a t a s 4 u l a n g a n d a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g u l a n g a n

b e r u p a s a t u t a n a m a n . P a d a p e r c o b a a n I p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i b e - r i k a n m e l a l u i d a u n ( D ) d e n g a n c a r a s e m p r o t ( f o l i a r a p p l i - c a t i o n ) d e n g a n t a r a f D o , D l , D2 d a n D3 b e r t u r u t - t u r u t un- t u k k o n t r o l ( t a n p a p a . c l o b u t r a z o l ) , 5 0 0 , 1 250 d a n

s e t e k a t a u 4 minggu s e t e l a h t a n a m ( M S T ) . S e t i a p t a r a f p e r -

l a k u a n d i s e m p r o t k a n m e r a t a ke s e l u r u h b a g i a n t a n a m a n d e -

n g a n v o l u m e s e m p r o t s e k i t a r 7 5 m l p e r tanaman kemudian d i -

u l a n g 10 k a l i d e n g a n i n t e r v a l p e n y e m p r o t a n s a t u m i n g g u .

P a d a p e r c o b a a n I1 p a c l o b u t r a z o l P i b e r i k a n m e l a l u i sis-

t e m p e r a k a r a n t a n a m a n ( A ) d e n g a n c a r a menyiramkannya d i d a e r a h p e r a k a r a n t a n a m a n ( s o i l d r e n c h application) d e n g a n d o s i s A o , A 1 , A2 d a n Ag, m a s i n g - m a s i n g u n t u k k o n t r o l ( t a n - p a p a c l o b u t r a z o l ) , 5 0 0 , 1 250 d a n 2 000 mg/tanaman. P e n y i -

raman d i l a k s a n a k a n p a d a umur 4 MST d a n h a n y a d i l a k u k a n s e -

k a l i s e l a m a p e r i o d e p e r c o b a a n , y a i t u h i n g g a 16 MST.

Hasil p e r c o b a a n m e n u n j u k k a n , p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 5 0 0 ppm/tanaman s u d a h m a m -

pu menghambat p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a m a h i n g g a 8 5 . 5 % d a n

m e n g u r a n g i r a t a - r a t a p a n j a n g r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a s e k i t a r

5 9 . 2 %, t e t a p i t i d a k mempengaruhi j u m l a h c a b a n g p r i m e r , sa-

a t m u n c u l n y a b u n g a p e r t a m a k a l i d a n j u m l a h b u n g a p e r t a -

naman. P e m b e r i a n m e l a l u i a k a r d e n g a n d o s i s 500 mg/tanaman

s u d a h mampu menekan p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a m a h i n g g a 4 2 . 8 %

d a n m e n g u r a n g i r a t a - r a t a p a n j a n g r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a s e k i t a r

4 9 . 5 % , t e t a p i t e r h a d a p j u m l a h r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a , j u m l a h

c a b a n g p r i m e r , s a a t m u n c u l n y a b u n g a p e r t a m a k a l i d a n jum-

DAN PEMBUNGAAN TANAMAN MARKISA UNGU

(Passiflora edulis Sisms

.

)

O l e h

T I T 0 INDARTO

A 22 0883

L a p o r a n Karya I l m i a h

S e b a g a i S a l a h S a t u S y a r a t u n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e l a r

S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n p a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n ,

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

JURUSAN B U D 1 DAYA PERTANIAN, FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

BOGOR

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN, JURUSAN B U D 1 DAYA PERTANIAN

K a m i m e n y a t a k a n bahwa L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h y a n g d i s u -

s u n o l e h :

Nama M a h a s i s w a : T I T 0 INDARTO

Nomor Pokok : A 22 0883

J u d u l : PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PACLOBUTRAZOL

TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PEMBUNGAAN

TANAMAN MARKISA UNGU (Passiflora

e d u l i s S i m s . )

d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r

S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n p a d a J u r u s a n B u d i Daya P e r t a n i a n , F a k u l -

t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

T I T 0 INDARTO. L a h i r d i S i n g a r a j a , 2 2 J u l i 1 9 6 6 , s e b a g a i

p u t r a p e r t a m a d a r i t i g a b e r s a u d a r a d a r i k e l u a r g a B a p a k

R . H a d i P o e r n o m o d a n I b u E p i h R a p i a h .

P e n u l i s m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n d i d i k a n ' d i S e k o l a h Dasar Ma-

r i a F a t i m a I J e m b e r p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 9 d a n S e k o l a h Menengah P e r t a m a N e g e r i 2 J e m b e r pada t a h u n 1 9 8 2 . P e n d i d i k a n d i S e -

k o l a h Menengah Atas N e g e r i 1 J e m b e r d i s e l e s a i k a n p a d a t a -

hun 1 9 8 5 .

P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 5 , p e n u l i s d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i m a h a s i s w a

d i I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r m e l a l u i p r o g r a m P e n e l u s u r a n M i -

n a t d a n Kemampuan (PMDK). S e t a h u n k e m u d i a n p e n u l i s d i t e -

rima s e b a g a i m a h a s i s w a d i J u r u s a n B u d i Daya P e r t a n i a n , F a -

k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r , d a n m e m i l i h

P r o g r a m S t u d i Agronomi d a n P r o g r a m S t u d i K e k h u s u s a n H o r t i -

k u l t u r a s e b a g a i b i d a n g y a n g d i m i n a t i .

S e l a m a m e n j a d i m a h a s i s w a p e n u l i s a k t i f d a l a m b e r b a g a i

k e g i a t a n d i l e m b a g a k e m a h a s i s w a a n , d i a n t a r a n y a s e b a g a i

K e t u a Umum Himpunan M a h a s i s w a A g r o n o m i ( H i m a g r o n ) IPB p a d a

t a h u n 1 9 8 8 - 1 9 8 9 , K e t u a Himpunan M a h a s i s w a Agronomi I n d o n e -

s i a ( H i m a g r i ) p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 6 - 1 9 8 9 d a n d i t u n j u k s e b a g a i

p i m p i n a n P r o y e k Kerjasama Desa B i n a a n a n t a r a H i m a g r o n I P B

P a d a t a h u n 1986-19'87 p e n u l i s d i t u n j u k s e b a g a i A s i s t e n

L u a r B i a s a u n t u k mata k u l i a h B i o l o g i Umum, d a n t a h u n 1 9 8 9 - 1 9 9 0 d i t u n j u k s e b a g a i T e n a g a P e n g a j a r L u a r B i a s a u n t u k m a -

t a k u l i a h F i s i o l o g i Tumbuhan p a d a F a k u l t a s M a t e m a t i k a d a n

P u j i s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n ke h a d i r a t A l l a h SWT

k a r e n a a t a s r a h m a t d a n k a r u n i a - N y a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e l a k s a -

n a k a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i h i n g g a s e l e s a i n y a l a p o r a n i n i .

P e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g p e n g a r u h p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l

t e r h a d a p p e r t u m b u h a n d a n pembungaan t a n a m a n m a r k i s a ungu

b e l u m p e r n a h d i l a k u k a n s e h i n g g a k e p u s t a k a a n d a l a m l a p o r a n

i n i h a n y a b e r d a s a r k a n a n a l o g i d a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n p a d a

j e n i s t a n a m a n l a i n , s e p e r t i a n g g u r , a p e 1 d a n p e a r . O l e h

s e b a b i t u , p e n e l i t i a n i n i l e b i h b e r s i f a t e k s p l o r a t i f : D i -

h a r a p k a n h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i d a p a t memberikan i n f o r m a s i

u n t u k p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e l i t i a n s e l a n j u t n y a .

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s menyampaikan r a s a t e r i m a

k a s i h d a n p e n g h a r g a a n y a n g s e t i n g g i - t i n g g i n y a k e p a d a B a p a k

P r o f Dr I r Achmad S u r k a t i A . d a n I b u D r I r S r i S e t y a t i H a r j a d i a t a s s e g a l a b i m b i n g a n n y a s e l a m a p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e -

l i t i a n h i n g g a p e n u l i s a n l a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h i n i . Ucapan

t e r i m a k a s i h p e n u l i s s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a PT I C I I n d o n e s i a , Ba-

p a k U c i d a n s e l u r u h karyawan Kebun P e r c o b a a n I P B P a s i r S a - r o n g g e , C i a n j u r s e r t a k e p a d a semua p i h a k y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k

membantu h i n g g a s e l e s a i n y a p e n u l i s a n l a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h

P e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i b a h w a m a s i h b a n y a k k e k u r a n g a n d a l a m

p e n y a j i a n l a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h i n i . A k h i r n y a p e n u l i s b e r -

h a r a p s u p a y a l a p o r a n Karya I l m i a h i n i b e r m a n f a a t b a g i s e -

mua p i h a k .

B o g o r , 26 Mei 1 9 9 0

Halaman

. . .

DAFTAR TABEL v i i

. . .

DAFTAR GAMBAR i

x

. . .

PENDAHULUAN 1

L a t a r B e l a k a n g

. . .

1

. . .

T u j u a n P e r c o b a a n 5

. . .

H i p o t e s i s 5

. . .

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 6

. . .

B o t a n i M a r k i s a 6

E k o l o g i M a r k i s a Ungu

. . .

7

Pembungaan M a r k i s a Ungu

. . .

8

P a c l o b u t r a z o l

. . .

1 0

BAHAN DAN MET.0DE

. . .

1 4 Tempat d a n Waktu

. . .

1 4

Bahan d a n A l a t

. . .

1 4

Metode

. . .

1 5

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

. . .

20

P e r t u m b u h a n V e g e t a t i f Tanaman M a r k i s a

Ungu

. . .

20

. . .

Pembungaan Tanaman M a r k i s a Ungu 3 3

. . .

. . .

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 4 6

. . .

K e s i m p u l a n 4 6

S a r a n

. . .

4 6

. . .

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 4 8

Nomor Halaman

1. K o m p o s i s i Z a t G i z i Buah M a r k i s a p e r

1 0 0 g B a g i a n y a n g D a p a t Ditbakan

. . . .

2 . P e n g a r u h P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l T e r h a d a p R a t a - r a t a J u m l a h Ruas B a t a n g Utama

. . .

M a r k i s a Ungu p a d a Umur 16 MST

3 . R a t a - r a t a P a n j a n g Ruas B a t a n g Utama p a d a

. . .

Umur 16 MST (cm)

1. H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam L a j u Tumbuh R e l a t i f B a t a n g Utama M a r k i s a Ungu p e r Minggu (cm/minggu) ( T r a n s f o r m a s i J ( x + 0 . 5 ) )

.

2 . H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam L a j u P e m b e n t u k a n Ruas B a t a n g Utama M a r k i s a Ungu p e r Minggu ( T r a n s f o r m a s i J ( x + 0 . 5 ) )

. . .

3 . H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam R a t a - r a t a J u m l a h

Cabang P r i m e r M a r k i s a Ungu ( T r a n s f o r - masi J ( x + 0 . 5 ) )

. . .

4 . H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam L a j u R a t a - r a t a Pem- b e n t u k a n C a b a n g P r i m e r M a r k i s a Ungu ( T r a n s f o r m a s i T ( x + 0 . 5 ) )

. . .

5 Hasil A n a l i s i s Ragam R a t a - r a t a J u m l a h Bunga p e r Tanaman M a r k i s a Ungu

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Nomor Halaman

1 . P e n g a r u h P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l M e l a l u i Daun T e r h a d a p P a n j a n g B a t a n g Utama

. . .

M a r k i s a Ungu

2 . P e n g a r u h P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l M e l a l u i A k a r T e r h a d a p P a n j a n g B a t a n g Utama M a r k i s a Ungu

. . .

3 . P e r k e m b a n g a n J u m l a h R u a s B a t a n g Utama

M a r k i s a Ungu p a d a P e r c o b a a n P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l M e l a l u i Daun

. . .

4 . P e r k e m b a n g a n J u m l a h R u a s B a t a n g U t a m a

N a r k i s a Ungu p a d a P e r c o b a a n P e m b e r i a n

. . .

P a c l o b u t r a z o l M e l a l u i Akar

5 . K e a d a a n R u a s B a t a n g Utama Tanaman M a r k i s a Ungu p a d a Umur 1 2 MST ( A

=

k o n t r o l ;

B

=

t a n a m a n y a n g d i b e r i p a c l o b u t r a z o l ) 6 . P e r k e m b a n g a n J u m l a h C a b a n g P r i m e r M a r k i s a

Ungu p a d a P e r c o b a a n P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u - t r a z o l M e l a l u i Daun ( A ) d a n M e l a l u i Akar ( B )

. . .

7 . P e r k e m b a n g a n J u m l a h Bunga p e r Tanaman p a d a % P e r c o b a a n P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l

M e l a l u i Daun

. . .

P a d a umumnya u s a h a buah-buahan d i I n d o n e s i a m a s i h d i -

l a k u k a n d a l a m s k a l a k e c i l . Tanaman buah-buahan k e b a n y a k a n

d i t a n a m d i p e k a r a n g a n a t a u t e g a l a n s e b a g a i u s a h a s a m p i n g a n

k e l u a r g a . Belum b a n y a k y a n g d i p e r k e b u n k a n s e c a r a k h u s u s .

P a d a h a l , I n d o n e s i a s e b a g a i n e g a r a t r o p i s y a n g mempunyai b e -

r a g a m a g r o k l i m a t d a n l a h a n y a n g l u a s d a p a t m e n g h a s i l k a n

h a m p i r semua j e n i s b u a h , b a i k b u a h d a e r a h t r o p i s maupun d a -

r i d a e r a h s u b t r o p i s , y a n g b i s a d i t a n a m d a n d i p a n e n s e p a n - j a n g t a h u n . K o n d i s i t e r s e b u t merupakan s u a t u p o t e n s i y a n g

j i k a d i k e m b a n g k a n d a n d i a r a h k a n d a p a t memainkan p e r a n a n

p e n t i n g d a l a m p r o g r a m p e n i n g k a t a n d e v i s a d a r i k o m o d i t a s

n o n - m i g a s . J e n i s b u a h - b u a h a n y a n g d i p a n d a n g b e r p r o s p e k b a -

i k u n t u k dikembangkan m e n u r u t S o e r o j o (1989) d i a n t a r a n y a

a d a l a h m a r k i s a . Buah m a r k i s a d i k a t e g o r i k a n s e b a g a i exotic

commodities y a n g p e r m i n t a a n n y a s e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t d i p a s a r

i n t e r n a s i o n a l , b a i k d a l a m b e n t u k s e g a r maupun h a s i l o l a h a n .

M a r k i s a b e r a s a l d a r i d a e r a h d a t a r a n t i n g g i t r o p i s Ame-

r i k a , s e p e r t i 8 r a z i 1 , P a r a g u a y d a n A r g e n t i n a , d a n .kemudian

m e n y e b a r k e d a e r a h t r o p i s l a i n n y a . P a d a S a a t i n i m a r k i s a

t e l a h m e n j a d i k o m o d i t i p e r t a n i a n y a n g c u k u p p e n t i n g d a n d i -

2

A u s t r a l i a d a n A f r i k a S e l a t a n , s e r t a d i k o n s u m s i s e b a g a i bu-

a h s e g a r a t a u p u n h a s i l o l a h a n n y a (Nagy d a n Shaw, 1 9 8 0 ) .

D i I n d o n e s i a t e r d a p a t 3 j e n i s m a r k i s a y a n g d i k e n a l d a n

s u d a h d i b u d i d a y a k a n , m e s k i p u n m a s i h d a l a m s k a l a k e c i l . Ke-

t i g a j e n i s t e r s e b u t a d a l a h P a s s i f l o r a e d u l i s S i m s . ( p u r -

p l e p a s s i o n f r u i t

=

m a r k i s a u n g u , m a r k i s a s i u h ) , P. e d u l i s S i m s . f

.

f l a v i c a r p a Deg. ( y e l l o w p a s s i o n f r u i t

=

m a r k i s a

k u n i n g , m a r k i s a k o n y a l ) d a n P. g u a d r a n g u l a r i s L . ( e r b i s ) (L5ngga, 1 9 8 5 ) . D i l u a r n e g e r i d i k e n a l j u g a P. l a u r i f o -

l i a , P. m o l l i s s i m a , P. f o e t i d a d a n P. m o l i f o r m i s ( L i n g - ga, 1 9 8 5 ; M a r t i n , C h a m p b e l l d a n R u b e r t e , 1 9 8 7 ) .

N i l a i k o m e r s i a l m a r k i s a t e r l e t a k p a d a k e g u n a a n n y a s e -

b a g a i b a h a n b a k u i n d u s t r i . C a i r a n b u a h y a n g d i k a n d u n g n y a

mempunyai r a s a d a n a r o m a y a n g k h a s . C a i r a n b u a h t e r s e b u t

m e n j a d i b a h a n b a k u b a g i p e m b u a t a n s i r u p a t a u s a r i b u a h mar-

k i s a . M a r k i s a ungu d a n m a r k i s a k u n i n g merupakan s u m b e r

v i t a m i n A d a n C . Kandungan z a t g i z i b u a h m a r k i s a d a p a t d i -

l i h a t p a d a T a b e l 1.

D i I n d o n e s i a l u a s a r e a l penanaman m a r k i s a -belum d i k e -

t a h u i s e c a r a p a s t i . B e b e r a p a d a e r a h y a n g m e n j a d i s e n t r a

100 g B a g i a n y a n g D a p a t Dimakan

Z a t G i z i M a r k i s a Ungu M a r k i s a K u n i n g

A i r ( X )

K a l o r i ( k a l ) P r o t e i n ( g ) Lemak ( g )

K a r b o h i d r a t ( g ) K a l s i u m (mg) F o s f o r (mg) B e s i (mg) V i t a m i n A ( I U ) T h i a m i n (mg) R i b o f l a v i n (mg) N i a c i n (mg)

A s a m a s k o r b a t (mg)

85.5 51.0 0.4 0.1 13.6 3.6 12.5 0.2 717.0 s e d i k i t

84.8 53.0 0.7 0.2 13.7 3.8 24.6 0.4 2 410.0 s e d i k i t

Sumber : Wenkam d a n Miller ( 1 9 6 5 )

dalam

Chan ( 1 9 8 0 )

B u d i d a y a m a r k i s a d i I n d o n e s i a m a s i h d i l a k u k a n o l e h

r a k y a t d a l a m l a h a n y a n g r e l a t i f s e m p i t d e n g a n t e k n o l o g i bu-

d i d a y a y a n g m a s i h b e l u m i n t e n s i f . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p r o d u k -

t i v i t a s n y a m a s i h s a n g a t r e n d a h d a n s u l i t m e m p e r t a h a n k a n ke-

s i n a m b u n g a n p r o d u k s i n y a . P a d a a k h i r n y a h a 1 t e r s e b u t d a p a t

m e n g a k i b a t k a n t i m b u l n y a k e s u l i t a n b a g i p a b r i k - p a b r i k p e n g -

o l a h a n k a r e n a k e t e r s e d i a a n b a h a n b a k u d a n h a r g a b u a h men-

j a d i s a n g a t b e r f l u k t u a s i . F a k t o r l a i n y a n g i k u t mendorong

m u n c u l n y a m a s a l a h t e r s e b u t a d a l a h s i f a t t a n a m a n m a r k i s a

y a n g " t i d a k b e r b u a h " s e p a n j a n g t a h u n .

S u d a h b a n y a k t e k n i k y a n g d i k e m b a n g k a n u n t u k m e n i n g k a t -

kan p r o d u k t i v i t a s t a n a m a n , k h u s u s n y a t a n a m a n b u a h , d e n g a n

p e n g g u n a a n z a t p e n g h a m b a t tumbuh. B e b e r a p a z a t p e n g h a m b a t

tumbuh y a n g s u d a h d i k e n a l l u a s a d a l a h SADH, CCC, Amo-1618

d a n A n c y m i d o l . S i f a t umum z a t penghambat tumbuh t e r s e b u t

a d a l a h menekan p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n .

P a c l o b u t r a z o l t e r g o l o n g z a t p e n g h a m b a t tumbuh s i n t e -

t i s y a n g r e l a t i f m a s i h b a r u d i k e n a l . B e b e r a p a p e n e l i t i a n menunjukkan bahwa p a c l o b u t r a z o l d a p a t menghambat p e r t u m b u h -

a n v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n a n g g u r , a p e l , p e a r d a n b e b e r a p a j e n i s

t a n a m a n l a i n n y a . S e l a i n i t u , s e c a r a t i d a k l a n g s u n g p a c l o -

b u t r a z o l d a p a t m e r a n g s a n g pembungaan d a n m e n i n g k a t k a n jum-

l a h b u a h y a n g d i h a s i l k a n o l e h t a n a m a n t e r s e b u t

(ICI,

1 9 8 4 ) .

Pembungaan d i m a k s u d k a n s e b a g a i p e r i o d e p e m b e n t u k a n bu-

n g a <clan s e b e l u m n y a ) h i n g g a t a h a p b u n g a b e r h a s i l mekar sem-

p u r n a ( S r i S e t y a t i , 1 9 8 9 ) . M e n u r u t Widodo ( 1 9 9 0 ) p e r i s t i -

ua

pembungaan m e r u p a k a n r a n g k a i a n p r o s e s f i s i o l o g i s d a n

m o r f o g e n e s i s y a n g s a n g a t k o m p l e k s . Pembentukan b u n g a t i -

d a k a k a n l e p a s d e n g a n s i k l u s t a n a m a n . P a d a f a s e pembunga-

a n t e r s e b u t t e r j a d i p r o s e s i n i s i a s i s e t e l a h t a n a m a n men-

d a p a t k a n s t i m u l u s ( i n d u k s i ) membentuk o r g a n g e n e r a t i f y a n g

s a n g a t r u m i t d a n m e r u p a k a n h a s i l i n t e r a k s i f a k t o r e n d o g e n

d a n p e n g a r u h l i n g k u n g a n

.

P a d a t a n a m a n m a r k i s a ungu b e l u m a d a p e n e l i t i a n y a n g

d i l a k u k a n u n t u k m e n u n j u k k a n p e r a n a n d a n p e n g a r u h p a c l o b u -

d e m i k i a n , b e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l - h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n p a d a t a n a m a n

a n g g u r , a p e 1 d a n p e a r , t a m p a k n y a p a c l o b u t r a z o l j u g a a k a n

memberikan p e n g a r u h y a n g t i d a k j a u h b e r b e d a k e p a d a m a r k i s a

u n g u . D i h a r a p k a n p e n g g u n a a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l d a p a t m e r a n g -

s a n g t a n a m a n m a r k i s a ungu u n t u k b e r b u n g a d a n b e r b u a h d e -

ngan j u m l a h c u k u p t i n g g i d i l u a r musim s e h i n g g a k e s i n a m -

bungan p r o d u k s i d a n p r o d u k t i v i t a s tanaman y a n g t i n g g i d a p a t

b e r l a n g s u n g s e p a n j a n g t a h u n .

P e r c o b a a a n

P e r c o b a a a n i n i b e r t u j u a n m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h p a c l o -

, b u t r a z o l t e r h a d a p p e r t u m b u h a n d a n pembungaan t a n a m a n mar-

.kiss u n g u ( P . e d u l i s S i m s . ) .

H i p o t e s i s y a n g d i a j u k a n d a l a m p e r c o b a a n a d a l a h :

1. P a c l o b u t r a z o l d a p a t menekan p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t a -

naman m a r k i s a ungu d a n s e c a r a t i d a k l a n g s u n g a k a n m e -

r a n g s a n g p e m b e n t u k a n b u n g a n y a .

2 . T e r d a p a t k i s a r a n d o s i s p a c l o b u t r a z o l t e r t e n t u y a n g e f e k -

t i f menekan p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n m a r k i s a u n g u

d a n m e r a n g s a n g p e m b e n t u k a n b u n g a n y a t a n p a menimbulkan

T I N J A U A N PUSTAKA

G e n u s P a s s i f l o r a s e b a g i a n b e s a r t e r d i r i a t a s t a n a m a n

merambat y a n g b e r k a y u d a n b e r u m u r t a h u n a n . Menurut O c h s e ,

S o u l e , Dijkman d a n W e h l b u r g ( 1 9 6 1 ) g e n u s P a s s i f l o r a meru-

p a k a n t a n a m a n y a n g kokoh d e n g a n s u l u r y a n g s e d i k i t d a n d a -

un m e n j a r i . B u n g a n y a b i s e k s u a l , s e r i n g k a l i b e r u k u r a n b e -

s a r d a n m e n a r i k , s o l i t e r / t u n g g a l a t a u p u n r a c e m o u s e / t a n d a n .

B a g i a n b u n g a n y a t e r d i r i a t a s l i m a s e p a l d a n l i m a p e t a l , b e r w a r n a m e n a r i k , y a i t u p u t i h , b i r u , p i n k a t a u m e r a h .

Mahkota b u n g a m e r u p a k a n p e r k e m b a n g a n d a r i d a s a r b u n g a ,

mempunyai s a t u s a m p a i b e b e r a p a b a r i s t a n g k a i s a r i . B e n a n g

s a r i b e r g a b u n g m e n j a d i s a t u membentuk s t r u k t u r s e p e r t i t a -

b u n g d i s e k e l i l i n g t a n g k a i b a k a l b u a h . K e p a l a s a r i m e l e k a t g a d a s a t u t i t i k d i u j u n g t a n g k a i s a r i ( v e r s a t i l i s ) .

B a k a l b u a h t e r l e t a k d i a t a s d a s a r b u n g a , b e r s e l t u n g -

g a l d e n g a n 3-5 r u a n g b a k a l b i j i y a n g mengandung b i j i . Bu- a h t e r g o l o n g b u a h b e r r y d e n g a n b i j i y a n g b a n y a k . B i j i - b i j i

t e r s e b u t d i s e l i m u t i o l e h l e n d i r y a n g mengandung s a r i b u a h .

i f l o r a

D i I n d o n e s i a t a n a m a n i n i d i k e n a l d e n g a n nama m a r k i s a

s i u h / a s a m , k a r e n a mempunyai c a i r a n b u a h y a n g r a s a n y a masam.

d a n d i a m e t e r 3 . 5 - 7 cm (Chan 1 9 8 0 ) . Warna b u a h h i j a u s a a t

muda d a n ungu k e c o k l a t a n s a a t t u a , s e h i n g g a s e r i n g p u l a d i s e b u t b u a h l e m b a y u n g . K u l i t b u a h t i p i s t a p i k u a t . B i j i -

n y a p i p i h , k e c i l - k e c i l , b e r w a r n a h i t a m . M a s i n g - m a s i n g b i j i

t e r b u n g k u s o l e h s e i a p u t y a n g mengandung c a i r a n b u a h y a n g

s a n g a t masam (pH 3 - 4 . 5 ) . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , b u a h m a r k i s a

ungu t i d a k d a p a t d i k o n s u m s i s e g a r d a n umumnya d i g u n a k a n s e -

b a g a i b a h a n b a k u p e m b u a t a n s i r u p a t a u o l a h a n l a i n n y a ( L i n g -

ga, 1 9 8 5 ) .

D i l u a r n e g e r i , m a r k i s a ungu d i k e n a l d e n g a n nama

pur-

ple passionfruit

a t a u

purple granadilla

( I n g g r i s ) ,

maracu-

j a ( P o r t u g i s ) ,

parcha

( S p a n y o l ) d a n

lian apple

( B e l a n d a ) .

S e n t r a p r o d u k s i t e r d a p a t d i S e l a n d i a B a r u , Kenya, A f r i k a

S e l a t a n , I n d i a , S r i l a n g k a , A u s t r a l i a s e r t a d a e r a h t r o p i s Amerika ( O c h s e

et al.,

1 9 6 1 ; C h a n , 1 9 8 0 ; M a r t i n

et al.,

1 9 8 7 ) . D i I n d o n e s i a b a n y a k d i b u d i d a y a k a n d i Brastagi d a n M a l i n o ( L i n g g a , 1 9 8 5 ) .

D a e r a h p e g u n u n g a n d e n g a n k e t i n g g i a n minimum 1 000 m d i

a t a s permukaan l a u t ( d p l ) m e r u p a k a n l i n g k u n g a n tumbuh y a n g

b a i k u n t u k m a r k i s a u n g u . D i d a t a r a n r e n d a h j a r a n g a t a u

b a h k a n t i d a k mau b e r b u a h w a l a u p u n p e r t u m b u h a n n y a b a i k (Ha-

8

Menurut Chan 1980) m a r k i s a u n g u d a p a t tumbuh d a n b e r -

b u a h p a d a k e t i n g g i a n s e k i t a r 600 m

-

1 5 0 0 m d p l , m e s k i p u n h a s i l b u a h r e l a t i f r e n d a h p a d a k e t i n g g i a n 600 m - 1 000 m

d p l . Hal t e r s e b u t t e r u t a m a b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n t a -

naman a k a n t e m p e r a t u r u d a r a r e n d a h (180C-250C) u n t u k d a p a t

membentuk b u n g a . P a d a t e m p e r a t u r u d a r a t i n g g i ( > 270C) t a -

naman s u l i t membentuk b u n g a / b u a h ( M a r t i n e t a l . , 1 9 8 7 ) . D o n c a s t e r ( 1 9 7 4 ) mengemukakan m a r k i s a ungu d a p a t tum-

b u h b a i k p a d a b e r b a g a i j e n i s t a n a h , a s a l k a n d r a i n a s e d a n

a e r a s i n y a l a n c a r . Tanaman m a r k i s a ungu tumbuh p a l i n g b a i k

p a d a t a n a h lempung y a n g s u b u r d e n g a n kemasaman (pH) s e k i -

t a r 6 . 0 . J i k a pH k u r a n g d a r i 5 . 5 d i b u t u h k a n p e n g a p u r a n ( B e a l d a n F a r l a w , 1 9 8 2 ) . C u r a h h u j a n y a n g m e r a t a s e p a n -

j a n g t a h u n s a n g a t d i p e r l u k a n o l e h t a n a m a n m a r k i s a ungu

( R i s m u n a n d a r , 1 9 8 6 ) .

M e n u r u t R i s m u n a n d a r 1 1 9 8 6 ) m a r k i s a ungu y a n g b e r a s a l

d a r i b i j i m u l a i b e r b u n g a d a n b e r b u a h s s t e l a h b e r u m u r s e k i -

t a r 2 t a h u n . Pembungaan m a r k i s a ungu d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h b e - b e r a p a f a k t o r . H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n Simon d a n K a r n a t z ( 1 9 8 2 )

m e n u n j u k k a n p a d a t e m p e r a t u r u d a r a 250C s i a n g d a n 200C ma-

lam t a n a m a n m a r k i s a ungu a k a n l e b i h c e p a t d a n l e b i h b a -

n y a k membentuk b a k a l b u n g a d i b a n d i n g k a n p a d a t e m p e r a t u r

M a r k i s a ungu d a n m a r k i s a k o n y a l t e r m a s u k tanaman h a r i

p a n j a n g . D i d a e r a h s u b t r o p i s k e d u a j e n i s m a r k i s a t e r s e -

b u t m u l a i b e r b u n g a p a d a a w a l musim s e m i (Nagy d a n Shaw,

1 9 8 0 ) . M e n u r u t Watson d a n Bowers ( 1 9 6 5 )

d&lan

Nagy d a n

Shaw ( 1 9 8 0 ) m a r k i s a k o n y a l t i d a k b e r b u n g a s e l a m a musim d i -

n g i n p a d a p a n j a n g h a r i s e k i t a r 11 j a m , s e d a n g k a n Simon d a n

K a r n a t z ( 1 9 8 2 ) mengemukakan d i f e r e n s i a s i b a k a l b u n g a mem-

b e n t u k b u n g a h a n y a b e r l a n g s u n g p a d a p a n j a n g h a r i l e b i h d a -

r i 1 2 j a m . ~ e d u a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n t e r s e b u t m e n u n j u k k a n bahwa pembungaan m a r k i s a memerlukan c u k u p p e n y i n a r a n s e -

lama l e b i h d a r i 1 2 jam s e h a r i .

F a k t o r l a i n y a n g b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p pembungaan

mar-

k i s a ungu a d a l a h f a s e p e r t u m b u h a n t a n a m a n . M e n u r u t Simon

K a r n a t z ( 1 9 8 2 ) p a d a s a a t t a n a m a n memasuki f a s e p e r t u m b u h a n d a n p e r k e m b a n g a n b u a h , p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g d a n p e m b e n t u k a n

b u n g a n y a t e r h a m b a t . P a d a s a a t t a n a m a n memasuki f a s e p e r -

tumbuhan v e g e t a t i f a k t i f , p e m b e n t u k a n b u n g a d a n b u a h a k a n

t e r h a m b a t . S e b a l i k n y a , p a d a s a a t t a n a m a n memasuki f a s e p e m b e n t u k a n b u n g a d a n b u a h ( f a s e r e p r o d u k t i f ) p e r t u m b u h a n

v e g e t a t i f n y a a k a n t e r h a m b a t . Dengan d e m i k i a n , p e r t u m b u h a n

v e g e t a t i f d a n pembungaan m a r k i s a ungu b e r s i f a t p e r i o d i k .

D i I n d o n e s i a , w a l a u p u n m a r k i s a u n g u d a p a t b e r b u n g a d a n

b e r b u a h s e p a n j a n g t a h u n , t e t a p i t e r d a p a t p e r i o d e t e r t e n t u

y a n g m e r u p a k a n p e r i o d e p u n c a k p r o d u k s i b u n g a d a n b u a h .

b u l a n D e s e m b e r / J a n u a r i d a n J u n i , s e d a n g k a n p a n e n r a y a n y a

t e r j a d i s e k i t a r b u l a n F e b r u a r i / M a r e t d a n A g u s t u s .

Paclobutrazol

a

~ a c l o b u t r a z o l

Ada b e b e r a p a kelompok p e r s e n y a w a a n k i m i a y a n g memi-.

l i k i p e n g a r u h f i s i o l o g i s menekan p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g d a n r u -

a s d e n g a n meaghambat p e m b e l a h a n s e l p a d a m e r i s t e m s u b a p i - k a l , t e t a p i p e m b e n t u k a n d a u n , b u n g a d a n b u a h t i d a k d i p e -

n g a r u h i n y a . Kelompok p e r s e n y a w a a n k i m i a t e r s e b u t s e c a r a

umum d i m a s u k k a n k e d a l a m g o l o n g a n z a t p e n g h a m b a t tumbuh.

S a l a h s a t u d i a n t a r a n y a a d a l a h p a c l o b u t r a z o l d a r i kelompok

t r i a z o l .

P a c l o b u t r a z o l ( P P 3 3 3 ) mempunyai nama k i m i a (IUPAC)(2RS,

3RS) - 1 - ( 4 - c h l o r o p h e n y 1 ) - 4 , 4 - d i m e t h y l - 2 - ( 1 H 1 , 2 , 4 - t r i a z o l -

1 - y 1 ) p e n t a n - 3 - 0 1 . Rumus e m p i r i k n y a C15H20ClN30, s e d a n g k a n

rumus s t r u k t u r n y a a d a l a h :

P a c l o b u t r a z o l m e m i l i k i b e r a t m o l e k u l 2 9 3 . 5 d a n k e r a -

P a t a n 1 . 2 2 g/cm3. P e n a m p i l a n f i s i k b e r u p a k r i s t a l p a d a t

1 x 1 0 - ~ p a , d a n t e t a p s t a b i l j i k a d i s i m p a n s e l a m a 6 b u l a n p a d a t e m p e r a t u r d i a t a s 50OC. K e l a r u t a n n y a d a l a m a i r a d a -

l a h 3 5 ppm, m e t a n o l 1 5 % , p r o p y l e n e g l y c o l 5 % , a c e t o n 1 1 % ,

c y c l o h e x a n o n e 1 8 % , m e t h y l e n e d i c h l o r i d e

l o % ,

hexane 1% d a n

x y l e n e 6 % ( I C I , 1 9 8 4 ) .

a u a n

d

a

n

_{u a c l o b u t r a z o l o l e h}

tanaman

P a c l o b u t r a z o l l a r u t d a l a m a i r d a n d a p a t d i b e r i k a n me- l a l u i a k a r , b a t a n g a t a u d a u n . P a c l o b u t r a z o l d i s e r a p o l e h

t a n a m a n m e l a l u i s i s t e m p e r a k a r a n secara p a s i f , kemudian d i - t r a n s l o k a s i k a n ke b a g i a n t a j u k m e l a l u i j a r i n g a n pembuluh

b a t a n g ( I C I , 1 9 8 4 ) . P e n e l i t i a n S t e f f e n s , Wang, S t e f f e n s

d a n B r e n n a n ( 1 9 8 3 ) p a d a kecambah a p e 1 membuktikan bahwa

a p a b i l a b a g i a n t a j u k d i b e r i p e r l a k u a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l , maka

h a n y a p e r t u m b u h a n b a g i a n a t a s y a n g d i h a m b a t . C o u t e r e ( 1 9 9 2 ) j u g a d a p a t membuktikar. a k t i v i t a s p e n g h a m b a t a n y a n g

l e b i h t i n g g i d i p e r o l e h j i k a p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i b e r i k a n m e l a -

l u i a k a r a t a u b a t a n g d a r i p a d a l e w a t d a u n . Kedua h a s i l i n i

t a m p a k n y a mengarah k e p a d a s u a t u d u g a a n bahwa p a c l o b u t r a z o l

d i t r a n s l o k a s i k a n m e l a l u i x y l e m ke d a u n d a n t u n a s .

Menurut Wang, Sun d a n F a u s t ( 1 9 8 6 ) p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i -

s e r h p o l e h t a n a n a n m e l a l u i a k a r d a n d i t r a n s l o k a s i k a n m e l a -

l u i xylem k e d a u n d a n t e r a k u m u l a s i d i d a u n . S e l a n j u t n y a

1 2

d i t r a n s l o k a s i k a n ke b a t a n g a t a u a k a r . H a s i l y a n g sama j u -

g a d i p e r o l e h o l e h R i c h a r d s o n d a n Q u i n l a n ( 1 9 8 6 ) . Mereka

menyimpulkan bahwa p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i t r a n s l o k a s i k a n s e c a r a

a k r o p e t a l d a r i b a g i a n bawah ke b a g i a n a t a s tanaman d a n ke-

d u a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n t e r s e b u t t i d a k d a p a t menunjukkan a d a -

n y a g e r a k a n b a s i p e t a l p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i d a l a m t a n a m a n .

u h ~acl-01

-

t

Mekanisme k e r j a d a r i p a c l o b u t r a z o l a d a l a h menghambat

b i o s i n t e s i s asam g i b b e r e l l i n d i d a l a m t a n a m a n . P a c l o b u t r a - z o l mengganggu a k t i v i t a s e n z i m k a u r e n e o k s i d a s e , s u a t u c y -

t o c h r o m e P 450 o k s i d a s e , s e h i n g g a menghambat o k s i d a s i kau-

r e n e m e n j a d i asam k a u r e n e . A k i b a t n y a pembentukan asam g i b - b e r e l l i n d i d a e r a h m e r i s t e m s u b a p i k a l t e r h a m b a t d a n m e -

n g u r a n g i l a j u p e m b e l a h a n s e l d i d a e r a h t e r s e b u t ( D a l z i e l

d a n L a w r e n c e , 1 9 8 4 ) . S e c a r a m o r f o l o g i p e n g a r u h n y a t a m p a k

d a r i t e r h a m b a t n y a p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n .

P a c l o b u t a z o l a d a l a h p e n g h a m b a t tumbuh y a n g mempunyai

s p e k t r u m l u a s d a n e f e k t i f u n t u k m e n g e n d a l i k a n p e r t u m b u h a n

v e g e t a t i f b e r b a g a i j e n i s t a n a m a n . G r e e n e ( 1 9 8 2 ) m e l a p o r -

kan p e m b e r i a n 1 500 ppm d a n 3 000 ppm p a c l o b u t a z o l d e n g a n c a r a s e m p r o t ( m e l a l u i d a u n ) p a d a a p e 1 4 h a r i s e t e l a h b u n g a

mekar d a p a t menghambat p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f n y a . H a s i l

M e n u r u t A h m e d u l l a h , Kawakami, S a n d i d g e d a n Wample

( 1 9 8 6 ) p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l l e w a t c a b a n g d e n g a n k o n s e n -

t r a s i 5 0 0 0

-

20 000 ppm d a p a t menekan p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a -

t i f t a n a m a n a n g g u r v a r i e t a s ' C o n c o r d ' t a n p a mempengaruhi

h a s i l d a n k u a l i t a s b u a h n y a . P a d a v a r i e t a s 'Roumi R e d ' ,

p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l l e w a t d a u n d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i l e b i h

d a r i 5 0 0 ppm d a n lewat a k a r d e n g a n d o s i s l e b i h d a r i 7 5 0 mg p e r t a n a m a n , s a n g a t n y a t a m e n g u r a n g i r a t a - r a t a p a n j a n g b a -

t a n g d a n r u a s ( S h a l t h o u t , S a l e m d a n K i l a n y , 1 9 8 8 ) .

P e n g a r u h l a i n d a r i p a c l o b u t r a z o l a d a l a h t e r h a d a p pem-

b u n g a a n t a n a m a n . P e n e l i t i a n S h a l t h o u t

e t

al. ( 1 9 8 8 ) mem-

b u k t i k a n bahwa p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l p a d a t a n a m a n a n g g u r

d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 1 0 0 ppm h i n g g a 2 000 pprn d a p a t m e n i n g - k a t k a n j u m l a h t u n a s p r o d u k t i f s e c a r a l i n i e r d a r i 4% s a m p a i 1 2 % . P r o d u k s i b u a h t o t a l d a l a m s a t u m u s i n j u g a m e n i n g k a t

s e k i t a r 1 4 %

-

2 5 0 % l e b i h b a n y a k d i b a n d i n g k o n t r o l . H a s i l

s e r u p a d i p e r o l e h W i l k i n s o n d a n R i c h a r d s ( 1 9 8 7 ) y a n g b e k e r -

j a p a d a t a n a m a n h i a s Bouvardia humboldtii. Mereka menda-

p a t k a n a p l i k a s i p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n s e b a n y a k 3 k a l i

d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 250 mg/l d a n s i r a m a n 2 mg/100 mm d i a m e - t e r p o t , m e n g u r a n g i t i n g g i t a n a m a n s e k i t a r 3 0 % s e r t a me-

BAHAN DAN METODE

-

P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i Kebun P e r c o b a a n (KP) I P B Pa-

s i r S a r o n g g e , C i a n j u r . K e t i n g g i a n t e m p a t r a t a - r a t a 1100 m

d p l d e n g a n j e n i s t a n a h A n d o s o l . T e m p e r a t u r h a r i a n r a t a -

r a t a s e k i t a r 17OC-25OC. R a t a - r a t a c u r a h h u j a n s e l a m a p e -

r i o d e p e r c o b a a n d i l a p a n g - ( s e k i t a r 4 b u l a n ) a d a l a h 8 9 mm/

b u l a n d e n g a n j u m l a h h a r i h u j a n r a t a - r a t a 1 6 h a r i / b u l a n .

P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n selama 7 b u l a n , d i m u l a i p a d a b u l a n Nopember 1 9 8 8 d a n b e r a k h i r p a d a b u l a n J u n i 1 9 8 9 .

P e r c o b a a n d i b a g i d u a t a h a p . T a h a p p e r t a m a a d a l a h t a h a p

p e m b i b i t a n y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n m u l a i t a n g g a l 1 2 Nopember

1 9 8 8 s a m p a i 2 P e b r u a r i 1 9 8 9 . T a h a p k e d u a a d a l a h t a h a p p e -

nanaman d a n p e n g a m a t a n d i l a p a n g . Penanaman d i l a k s a n a k a n

p a d s t a n g g a l 2 P e b r u a r i 1 9 8 9 . Pengamatar, t a n g g a p tanaman

d i m u l a i s e j a k t a n g g a l 4 M a r e t h i n g g a 1 J u n i 1 9 8 9 .

-

Bahan p e r c o b a a n b e r u p a tanaman m a r k i s a ungu

( P .

edu-

lis S i m s . ) y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i s e t e k b a t a n g . Bahan p e r c o b a -

a n l a i n a d a l a h p a c l o b u t r a z o l d e n g a n nama d a g a n g C u l t a r 250

SC ( 2 5 0 g b . a . / l i t e r ) .

A l a t - a l a t y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n t e r d i r i a t a s a l a t u n t u k

b a t a n g y a n g mempunyai d u a b u k u . P e m b i b i t a n d i l a k s a n a k a n

d i k e b u n B a r a n a n g s i a n g B o g o r . M e d i a t a n a m n y a b e r u p a cam-

p u r a n p a s i r , t a n a h d a n p u p u k k a n d a n g , d e n g a n p e r b a n d i n g a n

1 : l : S e t e l a h b e r u m u r s e k i t a r d u a b u l a n b i b i t d i p i n d a h -

k a n k e KP P a s i r S a r o n g g e u n t u k a k l i m a t i s a s i y a n g b e r l a n g -

s u n g s e k i t a r 1 b u l a n .

Pen B i b i t d i t a n a m d i l a p a n g s e t e l a h b e r u m u r

s e k i t a r 2 . 5 b u l a n s e j a k s e t e k ( 8 2 h a r i ) . P e m b u a t a n l u b a n g

tanam

d i l a k u k a n 1 b u l a n s e b e l u m t a n a m , b e r u k u r a n 30 cn x

30 c m x30 cm. J a r a k t a n a m b e r u k u r a n 2 m x 2 m ( p o p u l a s i

1667 t a n a m a n p e r h e k t a r ) .

S a t u m i n g g u s e b e l u m b i b i t d i t a n a m , k e d a l a m l u b a n g t a -

nam d i m a s u k k a n p u p u k k a n d a n g 1 - 2 k g / l u b a n g , s e d a n g k a n cam-

p u r a n Urea, TSP d a n KC1 ( 3 : 2 : 3 ) s e b a n y a k 135 g p e r t a n a m a n

d a n F u r a d a n 3G s e k i t a r 2 g p e r l u b a n g d i b e r i k a n p a d a s a a t

b i b i t d i t a n a m .

R a m b a t a n d i b u a t b e r s a m a a n d e n g a n p e m b u a t a n l u b a n g t a -

n a m . R a m b a t a n m e n g g u n a k a n s i s t e m payung d a n t e r b u a t d a r i

t o n g g a k - t o n g g a k bambu. T i n g g i r a m b a t a n s e k i t a r 2 m .

Perlakuan. P e n e l i t i a n t e r d i r i a t a s d u a k e l o m p o k p e r -

16

P e r c o b u : P e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n ( D ) .

P a d a p e r c o b a a n I , p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i b e r i k a n m e l a l u i d a u n d e n g a n c a r a s e m p r o t ( f o l i a r application). K o n s e n t r a s i p a -

c l o b u t r a z o l y a n g d i b e r i k a n t e r d i r i a t a s 4 t a r a f , y a i t u t a n -

p a p a c l o b u t r a z o l / k o n t r o 1 ( D o ) , 500 ppm ( D l ) , 1 250 ppm ( D 2 )

d a n 2 000 ppm ( D 3 ) .

P e n y e m p r o t a n d i l a k s a n a k a n s e t e l a h tanaman b e r u m u r 110

h a r i s e j a k s e t e k a t a u 4 minggu s e t e l a h t a n a m (MST). S e t i a p

t a r a f k o n s e n t r a s i p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i s e m p r o t k a n merata k e se-

l u r u h b a g i a n t a n a m a n d e n g a n v o l u m e s e m p r o t r a t a - r a t a 75 m l

p e r t a n a m a n kemudian d i u l a n g d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i d a n v o l u m e

s e m p r o t y a n g sama s e b a n y a k 10 k a l i d e n g a n i n t e r v a l penyem- p r o t a n 1 m i n g g u . K h u s u s u n t u k p e r l a k u a n k o n t r o l ( D o ) t a -

naman h a n y a d i s e m p r o t d e n g a n a i r ( b a h a n p e l a r u t C u l t a r ) .

Perco-: P e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i a k a r ( A ) .

P a d a p e r c o b a a n 11, p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i b e r i k a n m e l a l u i

s i s t e m p e r a k a r a n t a n a m a n d e n g a n cara menyiramkan d i d a e r a h q e r a k a r a n t a n a m a n ( s o i l d r e n c h application). D o s i s p a c l o -

b u t r a z o l y a n g d i b e r i k a n t e r d i r i a t a s 4 t a r a f , y a i t u t a n p a

p a c l o b u t r a z o l / k o n t r o 1 ( A o ) , 500 mg/tanaman ( A l ) , 1 250 m g /

t a n a m a n ( A 2 ) d a n 2 000 mg/tanaman ( A 3 ) .

P e n y i r a m a n d i l a k s a n a k a n s e t e l a h t a n a m a n b e r u m u r 4 MST.

L a r u t a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i s i r a m k a n m e r a t a d i s e k e l i l i n g d a e -

R a n c a m a n ~ e r c o b a a n . P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d e n g a n r a n c a n g a n l i n g k u n g a n R a n c a n g a n Acak L e n g k a p . P e r l a k u a n

t e r d i r i a t a s s a t u f a k t o r y a n g t e r b a g i m e n j a d i 4 t a r a f p e r - l a k u a n , y a i t u

Do, D l , Dg

d a n

Dg

u n t u k p e r c o b a a n p e m b e r i a n

p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n

(D),

d a n

A p , A 1 ,

A2 d a n

A3

u n -

t u k p e r c o b a a n p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i a k a r ( A ) .

S e t i a p p e r l a k u a n t e r d i r i a t a s 4 u l a n g a n d a n s e t i a p u l a n g a n

b e r u p a s a t u t a n a m a n .

U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i t a n g g a p t a n a m a n p a d a k e d u a p e r c o b a a n

t e r h a d a p p e r l a k u a n d i l a k u k a n a n a l i s i s ragam u n t u k s e m u a p e u b a h y a n g d i a m a t i . M o d e l p e r s a m a a n l i n i e r yang d i p e r g u -

n a k a n u n t u k k e d u a p e r c o b a a n a d a l a h :

Y . -

_{1 J}

=

u +

P i

+

E i j

d e n g a n :

i

=

1, 2 , 3 , 4

j

=

1, 2 , 3 , 4, s e d a n g k a n :

y i j

=

h a s i l p e n g a m a t a n p a d a p e r l a k u a n k e - i d a n

u l a n g a n k e - j

,

I*

=

r a t a a n umum,

Pi

=

p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a n k e - i ,

18

A p a b i l a p e r l a k u a n m e n u n j u k k a n p e n g a r u h y a n g n y a t a t e r -

h a d a p h a s i l p e n g a m a t a n , maka d i l a k u k a n a n a l i s i s l a n j u t a n

d e n g a n U j i B e d a N y a t a T e r k e c i l (BNT).

m.

P e n g a m a t a n d i l a k s a n a k a n s a t u k a l i s e m i n g -

g u selama 1 2 m i n g g u . P e u b a h y a n g d i a t r i a t i a d a l a h :

1. P a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a

P a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a d i u k u r d a r i p a n g k a l b a t a n g

sampai u j u n g b a t a n g u t a m a . P e n g a m a t a n d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n

m e n g u k u r p a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a s e t i a p m i n g g u . S e l i s i h

p a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a s e t i a p m i n g g u y a n g m e r u p a k a n l a j u t u m b u h r e l a t i f b a t a n g u t a m a d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a n a l i -

sis p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a n t e r h a d a p p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a - m a .

2 . J u m l a h r u a s p a d a b a t a n g u t a m a

J u m l a h r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n m e n g h i -

t u n g j u m l a h r u a s y a n g t e r b e n t u k s e t i a p m i n g g u . L a j u

p e m b e n t u k a n r u a s y a n g m e r u p a k a n s e l i s i h j u m l a h r u a s b a -

t a n g u t a m a t i a p - t i a p m i n g g u d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a n a l i -

s i s p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a n t e r h a d a p p e m b e n t u k a n r u a s b a t a n g

u t a m a .

3 . P a n j a n g r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a

P a n j a n g r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a d i h i t u n g b e r d a s a r k a n ha-

s i l b a g i a n t a r a r a t a - r a t a p a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a d a n r a t a -

J u m l a h c a b a n g p r i m e r d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n m e n g h i t u n g

j u m l a h c a b a n g p r i m e r y a n g t e r b e n t u k s e t i a p m i n g g u .

A n a l i s i s p e n g a r u h p e r l a k u a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p l a j u

p e m b e n t u k a n c a b a n g p r i m e r t i a p - t i a p minggu y a n g m e r u p a -

k a n s e l i s i h j u m l a h c a b a n g p r i m e r s e t i a p m i n g g u .

5 . S a a t m u n c u l n y a b u n g a p e r t a m a k a l i

S a a t m u n c u l n y a b u n g a p e r t a m a k a l i d i t e n t u k a n a p a -

b i l a p a l i n g s e d i k i t d u a t a n a m a n d a r i s e t i a p t a r a f p e r -

l a k u a n t e l a h membentuk b a k a l b u n g a .

6 . J u m l a h b u n g a p e r t a n a m a n

J u m l a h b u n g a p e r t a n a m a n d i h i t u n g b e r d a s a r k a n jum-

l a h b u n g a y a n g a d a p a d a t a n a m a n s e t i a p m i n g g u . Bunga

y a n g d i h i t u n g m e l i p u t i b a k a l b u n g a d a n b u n g a y a n g s u -

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

n V e e e t a t d a -T Unau

P e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f tanaman d i s e b a b k a n o l e h a d a n y a

p e m b e l a h a n , p e m b e s a r a n d a n p e m a n j a n g a n s e l d i d a e r a h m e r i s -

tem s u b a p i k a l . M e n u r u t Moore ( 1 9 7 9 3 p r o s e s p e m b e l a h a n ,

p e m b e s a r a n d a n p e m a n j a n g a n s e l d i d a e r a h m e r i s t e m s u b a p i -

k a l d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h a d a n y a asam g i b b e r e l l i n . S e l a n j u t n y a

Moore ( 1 9 7 9 ) mengemukakan a k t i v i t a s asam g i b b e r e l l i n d a l a m mempengaruhi p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f b e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a jum-

l a h n y a d i d a l a m t a n a m a n . J u m l a h

asam

g i b b e r e l l i n e f e k t i f

y a n g d a p a t mempengaruhi p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n b e r -

v a r i a s i u n t u k s e t i a p t a n a m a n d a n b e r b e d a p u l a u n t u k s e t i a p

f a s e p e r t u m b u h a n . P a d a f a s e p e r t u m b u h a n e k s p o n e n s i a l , d i -

c i r i k a n o l e h l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f y a n g l a m b a t , jum-

l a h asam g i b b e r e l l i n e n d o g e n r e l a t i f r e n d a h , t e t a p i l a j u p e m b e n t u k a n n y a c u k u p t i n g g i . S e l a m a f a s e p e r t u m b u h a n li-

n i e r , d i c i r i k a n o l e h l a j u p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t i n g g i , l a -

j u p e m b e n t u k a n asam g i b b e r e l l i n m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n c e p a t s e -

h i i l g g a m e n i n g k a t k a n j u m l a h asam g i b b e r e l l i n e n d o g e n s a m p a i b a t a s y a n g o p t i m a l u n t u k p e r t u m b u h a n . P a d a f a s e r e p r o -

d u k t i f j u m l a h asam g i b b e r e l l i n e n d o g e n k e m b a l i menurun a k i -

b a t d a r i l a j u p e m b e n t u k a n n y a y a n g r e n d a h . P e n d a p a t t e r s e -

b u t menunjukkan a d a n y a k o r e l a s i p o s i t i f a n t a r a p e r t u m b u h a n

O l e h s e b a b i t u , g a n g g u a n t e r h a d a p pembentukan asam g i b b e -

r e l l i n e n d o g e n secara l a n g s u n g b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p p e r - tumbu han v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n .

T e l a h d i k e m u k a k a n d i muka bahwa p a c l o b u t r a z o l d a p a t

menghambat b i o s i n t e s i s asam g i b b e r e l l i n d i d a l a m t a n a m a n . S e c a r a m o r f o l o g i , e f e k penghambatan t e r h a d a p b i o s i n t e s i s

asam g i b b e r e l l i n d i d a l a m tanaman tampak d a r i t e r h a m b a t n y a

p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f t a n a m a n . D a l a m p e r c o b a a n i n i p e n g a - r u h p e n g h a m b a t a n b i o s i n t e s i s asam g i b b e r e l l i n d i d a l a m tanaman m a r k i s a ungu o l e h p e r l a k u a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l d i a n a l i -

sis b e r d a s a r k a n p e r u b a h a n r e s p o n p a d a b e b e r a p a p e u b a h ve- g e t a t * t a n a m a n , y a i t u p a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a , j u m l a h

ruas

d a n j u m l a h c a b a n g p r i m e r .

P e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a m a m a r k i s a ungu s e j a k umur 4 MST

h i n g g a 1 6 MST d i s a j i k a n p a d a Gambar 1 d a n 2 . P e n g a r u h pem-

b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n d a n a k a r d i u k u r b e r d a -

s a r k a n p e n g a r u h n y a t e r h a d a p l a j u tumbuh r e l a t i f (LTR) b a -

-

t a n g u t a m a m a r k i s a u n g u .

P a d a Gambar 1 d a n 2 tampak bahwa b a t a n g u t a m a t a n a m a n

k o n t r o l s e l a l u l e b i h p a n j a n g d a r i p a d a t a n a m a n y a n g d i b e r i

p e r l a k u a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l u n t u k semua t a r a f k o n s e n t r a s i d a n

I

4 6 0 7 0 0 W t I P l 3 U # - 1

Umur tanaman (MST)

Gambar.1. Pengaruh Pernberian P a c l o b u t r a z o l H e l a l u i .

Daun Terhadap Panjang Batang

'Utama

Harki- sa Ungu

I

4 6 6 7 8 O M 1 1 P U U M 1

Umur tanaman (MST)

[image:36.582.60.533.108.692.2]

S e c a r a v i s u a l t a n a m a n y a n g d i b e r i p e r l a k u a n p a c l o b u -

t r a z o l , b a i k m e l a l u i d a u n maupun a k a r , m e n j a d i k e r d i l .

Respon t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l tampak p a -

d a p u c u k - p u c u k t a n a m a n , s e d a n g k a n b a g i a n y a n g s u d a h dewa-

s a , s e p e r t i d a u n - d a u n y a n g s u d a h a d a s e b e l u m p e r l a k u a n , t i -

d a k a t a u s e d i k i t t e r p e n g a r u h . Daun-daun p a d a p u c u k tanam-

a n m e n j a d i k e r i t i n g , k e c i l - k e c i l d a n b e r w a r n a r e l a t i f l e -

b i h h i j a u t u a d i b a n d i n g t a n a m a n k o n t r o l .

Hasil a n a l i s i s ragam t e r h a d a p l a j u tumbuh r e l a t i f b a - t a n g u t a m a p e r minggu p a d a T a b e l L a m p i r a n 1 m e n u n j u k k a n

b a h u a p e n g a r u h p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n n y a t a

p a d a umur 6 h i n g g a 1 6 MST, s e d a n g k a n p e n g a r u h p e m b e r i a n me-

l a l u i a k a r n y a t a p a d a umur 9 h i n g g a 13 NST. B e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l u j i BNT ( 0 . 0 5 ) , LTR b a t a n g u t a m a p e r minggu t a n a m a n

k o n t r o l d a r i k e d u a cara p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l n y a t a l e - b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a LTR b a t a n g u t a m a p e r minggu d a r i p a d a

t a n a m a n y a n g d i s e m p r o t p a c l o b u t r a z o l d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i

5 0 0 h i n g g a 2 0 0 0 ppm/tanaman maupun d o s i s 500 h i n g g a 2 0 0 0

mg/tanaman. Hesil a n a l i s i s t e r s e . b u t tampaknya m e n g a r a h ke-

p a d a d u g a a n bahwa p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n d e -

n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 5 0 0 ppm/tanaman s u d a h c u k u p e f e k t i f meng-

h a m b a t p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a m a m a r k i s a ungu s e t e l a h d i -

s e m p r o t d u a k a l i , s e d a n g k a n p e m b e r i a n m e l a l u i a k a r s u d a h

c u k u p e f e k t i f p a d a d o s i s 5 0 0 mg/Lanaman d a n p e n g a r u h n y a

24

E f e k p e n g h a m b a t a n t e r h a d a p p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a m a

m a r k i s a ungu o l e h p a c l o b u t r a z o l t e r c e r n i n d a r i b e s a r n y a

p e r s e n t a s e p e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g b a t a n g utama d a r i 4 MST

h i n g g a 1 6 MST. P a d a p e r c o b a a n p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e -

l a l u i d a u n p e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a tanaman kon-

t r o l h i n g g a 1 6 MST a d a l a h 3 8 4 . 4 %. P e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g b a -

t a n g u t a m a t a n a m a n y a n g d i s e m p r o t p a c l o b u t r a z o l d e n g a n kon-

s e n t r a s i 5 0 0 h i n g g a 2 0 0 0 ppm/tanaman s e k i t a r 5 5 . 9 %, 3 8 . 5 %

d a n 1 9 . 1 % y a n g b e r a r t i t e r j a d i p e n g h a m b a t a n p e r t u m b u h a n ba-

t a n g u t a m a s e k i t a r 8 5 . 5 % , 9 0 % d a n 95% u n t u k m a s i n g - m a s i n g

t a r a f k o n s e n t r a s i t e r s e b u t . E f e k penghambatan t e r h a d a p

p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g u t a n a j u g a t e r j a d i p a d a p e r c o b a a n pem-

b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i a k a r . P e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g b a -

t a n g u t a m a h i n g g a 1 6

MST

a d a l a h 6 2 2 . 3 %, 3 5 6 . 2 % , 1 7 4 . 7 3 d a n

1 4 4 . 2 % m a s i n g - m a s i n g u n t u k tanaman k o n t r o l , d o s i s 5 0 0 ,

1 250 d a n 2 000 mg/tanaman. H a s i l t e r s e b u t menunjukkan

bahwa p e n b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l d a p a t menghambat p e r t u m b u h a n

b a t a n g u t a m a s e k i t a r 4 2 . 8 % , 7 1 . 9 d a n 7 6 . 8 % u n t u k t a r a f d o -

s i s d i a t a s .

S e c a r a f i s i o l o g i d i d u g a p e n g a r u h t e r s e b u t a d a k a i t a n -

n y a d e n g a n p e r u b a h a n j u m l a h asam g i b b e r e l l i n e n d o g e n . Te-

l a h d i j e l a s k a n s e b e l u m n y a bahwa p a c l o b u t r a z o l d a p a t meng-

hambat b i o s i n t e s i s asam g i b b e r e l l i n . P a d a h a l , asam g i b -

b e r e l l i n b e r p e r a n p e n t i n g d a l a m p r o s e s p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g .

u t a m a b e r k o r e l a s i p o s i t i f d e n g a n j u m l a h asam g i b b e r e l l i n

e n d o g e n , maka p e r l a k u a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l a k a n memberikan p e -

n g a r u h s e b a l i k n y a . A r t i n y a , p a c l o b u t r a z o l a k a n m e n g u r a n g i

j u m l a h asam g i b b e r e l l i n e n d o g e n y a n g t e r b e n t u k s e h i n g g a

m e n g u r a n g i p e r s e n t a s e p e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g b a t a n g u t a m a mar-

k i s a u n g u .

P a d a p e r c o b a a n p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n

j u m l a h r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a u n t u k semua t a r a f p e r l a k u a n , t e -

r u s b e r t a m b a h s e j a k umur 4 MST h i n g g a 16 MST (Gambar 3).

K e c e n d e r u n g a n y a n g sama j u g a t a m p a k p a d a p e r c o b a a n pembe- r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i a k a r (Gambar 4 ) . B e r d a s a r k a n

h a s i l a n a l i s i s ragam p a d a T a b e l 2 r a t a - r a t a j u m l a h r u a s b a - t a n g u t a m a p a d a umur 16 MST n y a t a d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h p e r l a - kuan p a c l o b u t r a z o l m e l a l u i d a u n , t e t a p i p e m b e r i a n m e l a l u i

a k a r t i d a k b e r p e n g a r u h n y a t a t e r h a d a p j u m l a h r u a s n y a .

Dengan u j i BNT ( 0 . 0 5 ) d a p a t d i t u n j u k k a n bahwa r a t a - r a t a j u m l a h r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a t a n a m a n k o n t r o l ( D o ) d a n t a -

naman y a n g d i s e m p r o t p a c l o b u t r a z o l 5 0 0 ppm ( 0 1 ) t i d a k b e r -

b e d a n y a t a , t e t a p i d e n g a n t a n a m a n y a n g d i s e m p r o t p a c l o -

b u t r a z o l 1 250 ppm (D2) d a n 2 000 ppm ( 0 3 ) b e r b e d a n y a t a .

J u m l a h r u a s p a d a k o n s e n t r a s i D l d a n

D 2

t i d a k b e r b e d a n y a -

t a , t e t a p i b e r b e d a n y a t a d e n g a n

Dg,

s e d a n g k a n a n t a r a D2

d a n

D 3

j u m l a h r u a s n y a t i d a k b e r b e d a n y a t a . Hasil a n a l i s i s d i a t a s m e n u n j u k k a n bahwa j u m l a h r u a s b a t a n g u t a m a p a d a

d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 1 2 5 0 ppm, s e d a n g k a n p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u - t r a z o l m e l a l u i a k a r c e n d e r u n g m e n g h a s i l k a n j u m l a h r u a s y a n g l e b i h s e d i k i t p a d a d o s i s 2 0 0 0 mg/tanaman ( A g ) ( T a b e l 2 )

0

4 6 8 7 8 9 W n P M W S X

Umur

tanaman

(MST)

Gambar 3. P e r k e m b a n g a n J u m l a h R u a s B a t a n g Utama M a r k i s a Ungu pada P e r c o b a a n P e m b e r i a n P a c l o b u t r a z o l M e l a l u i Daun

Ih

,"..

0

4

I

4 6 6 7 a e ~ n u 1 3 ~ t 5 ~

[image:40.576.146.519.170.648.2]

Umur tanaman (MST)

Gambar 4 . P e r k e m b a n g a n J u m l a h R u a s B a t a n g U t a m a M a r k i s a Ungu p a d a P e r c o b a a n P e n b e r i a n

Rata-rata J u m l a h Ruas B a t a n g Utama M a r k i s a Ungu p a d a Umur 1 6 MST

M e l a l u i Daun M e l a l u i Akar P e r l a k u a n

4 MST 1 6 MST 4 MST 1 6 MST

- - -- - -

K e t e r a n e a n - : Aneka ~ a d a kolom v a n e sama d i i k u t i o l e h hu- r u f y a k g sama t i d a k b e r b e d a n y a t a d e n g a n u j i BNT ( 0 . 0 5 )

**

=

b e r p e n g a r u h n y a t a p a d a t a r a f u j i 1 % t n

=

t i d a k b e r p e n g a r u h n y a t a p a d a t a r a f

u j i 5 %

KK

=

k o e f i s i e n keragaman

RZ

=

k o e f i s i e n d e t e r m i n a s i

Menurut Weaver ( 1 9 7 2 ) p e r t u m b u h a n b a t a n g k a r e n a p e r l a -

kuan asam g i b b e r e l l i n d i s e b a b k a n o l e h p e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g d a r i r u a s n y a s e c a r a i n d i v i d u , s e d a n g k a n j u m l a h r u a s n y a t i -

d a k b e r u b a h ( t i d a k d i p e n g a r u h i ) . Dengan a n a l o g i p e n d a p a t

t e r s e b u t , maka p e m b e r i a n p a c l o b u t r a z o l t i d a k mempengaruhi

j u m l a h r u a s b a t a n g . P a d a p e r c o b a a n y a n g t e l a h d i l a k u k a n ,

j u m l a h r u a s n y a t a b e r k u r a n g j i k a tanaman d i s e m p r o t p a c l o -

b u t r a z o l d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 1 250 ppm. Demikian p u l a p a d a

p e r l a k u a n p e m b e r i a n m e l a l u i a k a r t