THE ANALISYS OF GERUND
IN L.J SMITH’S THE VAMPIRE DIARIES
PAPER
BY
MADIA PUTRI
REG. NO. 092202018
UNIVERSITAS OF SUMATERA UTARA
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
It has been proved by Supervisor,
NIP: 19600122 198601 1 001
Drs. Umar Mono,Dipl. Tran, M.Hum
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
NIP : 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A.Sembiring, M.A
Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partia;l fulfillment of the requirements for
the D-III of Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of
Culture Studies University of Sumatera Utara
The examination is held of July,2012
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara Dean,
Dr. Syahron Lubis,M.A NIP : 19511013197603 1 001
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Tittle of Paper : THE ANALISYS OF GERUNDS IN L.J SMITH’S THE
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ABSTRACT
The tittle of this paper is “THE ANALYSIS OF GERUND IN L.J SMITH’S
THE VAMPIRE DIARIES”. Based on the analysis, it is found the pattern of gerund, namely verb + ing, certain verb + gerund, preposition + gerund, verb +
preposition + gerund, and also the function of gerund namely, as subject of
sentences, as object of sentences, as gerund after preposition and as gerund after
certain verb. The most dominant gerund is after preposition (29 times) which is
equal to 56,9%, followed by gerund as object (6 times ) which is equal to 11,8%,
followed by gerund as subject (5 times) which is equal to 9,8 %, followed by
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul “THE ANALYSIS OF GERUNDS IN L.J SMITH’S
THE VAMPIRE DIARIES”. Dari pembahasan ditemukan pola gerund yaitu verb + ing, certain verb + gerund, preposition + gerund, verb + preposition +
gerund, dan juga ditemukan fungsi gerund yaitu, gerund sebagai subjek, gerund sebagai objek, gerund setelah preposisi, dan gerund setelah kata kerja tertentu.
Gerund yang paling dominan adalah gerund setelah preposisi (29 kali) dengan 56,9%, lalu gerund sebagai objek (6 kali) dengan 11,8%, lalu gerund setelah kata
kerja tertentu (6 kali) dengan 11,8%, lalu gerund sebagai subjek (5 kali) dengan
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer I would like to thank to Almighty God who blessing
and guidance in writing this paper until the end. Although there are some
problems in writing this paper, but He is always besides to help me. This paper is
written to fulfill one of the requirements order to achieve the degree of Diploma
III at Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
I wish to deliver me deepest gratefulness to especially :
1) Drs. Umar Mono, M. Hum as my supervisor, for his great patience, advise, guidance, support, encouragement, and valuable time in completing the
incorrect the paper.
2) As reader, for his grate patience to read and correct this paper.
3) Dr. Matiuz C. A Sembiring M.A as my Academc Consultant, also Head of
English Diploma Study Program, for his great advise.
4) Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. To all of the lecturers at Faculty of Culture
Studies that I can not mention one by one, all of you have part in finishing this
paper.
5) The best gratitude and deepest appreciations to my beloved parents, Tito
Suprapto and Yusrita Matondang for their advise, material support, time, and attention to accomplish my education, and also to my beloved sister :
6) I would like to thank my bestfriend Nurul Raudhah, Melisa Putri, Juliana,
Maya Hani Ismed, Hotriana and my friends in English Diploma III of 2009 class A and B
7) I would like to thank my beloved person Fadly Gunawan in my life, thanks
for the support in finishing this paper, for the patience, time, advise, and
togetherness.
I recognize that there are still some mistakes in accomplishing this paper due
to my limited knowledge and horizon of English. Therefore, I wish to accept all
the criticism and suggestion to impove and complete this paper.
Finally, I wish this paper be useful to all of the readers and all people who read
this paper.
Medan, July 2012
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Gerund ... 4
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ... 24
4.2 Suggestion ... 24
REFRENCES ... 25
ABSTRACT
The tittle of this paper is “THE ANALYSIS OF GERUND IN L.J SMITH’S
THE VAMPIRE DIARIES”. Based on the analysis, it is found the pattern of gerund, namely verb + ing, certain verb + gerund, preposition + gerund, verb +
preposition + gerund, and also the function of gerund namely, as subject of
sentences, as object of sentences, as gerund after preposition and as gerund after
certain verb. The most dominant gerund is after preposition (29 times) which is
equal to 56,9%, followed by gerund as object (6 times ) which is equal to 11,8%,
followed by gerund as subject (5 times) which is equal to 9,8 %, followed by
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul “THE ANALYSIS OF GERUNDS IN L.J SMITH’S
THE VAMPIRE DIARIES”. Dari pembahasan ditemukan pola gerund yaitu verb + ing, certain verb + gerund, preposition + gerund, verb + preposition +
gerund, dan juga ditemukan fungsi gerund yaitu, gerund sebagai subjek, gerund sebagai objek, gerund setelah preposisi, dan gerund setelah kata kerja tertentu.
Gerund yang paling dominan adalah gerund setelah preposisi (29 kali) dengan 56,9%, lalu gerund sebagai objek (6 kali) dengan 11,8%, lalu gerund setelah kata
kerja tertentu (6 kali) dengan 11,8%, lalu gerund sebagai subjek (5 kali) dengan
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study
Siahaan (2008) says, “Languange is a unique human inheritance that plays
the very important role in human’s life, such as in thinking, communicating ideas,
and negotiating with the others.” It constitutes a set of principles into which its
usage its native speakers are subject. The language show similarities in their
principles. The similarities refer to the set of the rules that every language
possesses, while the differences deals with the deviation of every language in its
rules in its chronological development that is influenced by the different regions,
times, cultures, religions, politics, etc. The similarities of the language can be
identified structurally in the level of their linguistic aspects, such as in the
phonemes, morphemes, phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Stork (1982:9) says, “Language, however, is not a natural phenomenon; it
is a creation of man’s social needs. Like all other living creatures we depend on
the air, water and earth around us, and in the same way society depends upon
language for its very existence.” Huddleston (2000:1) says, “The term ‘grammar’
is used in a number of different senses-the grammar of a language may be
understood to be a full description of the form and meaning of the sentences of the
language or else it may cover oly certain, variously delimited, parts of such a
description.”
There are many languages in the world. One of them is English, as
International language. English has a complicated structure or grammar. Grammar
together into meaningful groups. In other, grammar is description of language.
However, there are so many parts of grammar. One of them is gerund.
A Gerund is the form of a verb when it acts as a noun ; a Gerund (often
known as an-ing word) is a noun formed from a verb by adding-ing. Gerund is
also find in written. For example letter, poem, novel, magazine, newspaper, etc.
The writer’s object is the gerund on novel, the vampire diaries. In this paper will
be analyzed what the meaning of gerund, the patterns of gerund ad the function of
gerund in the vampire diaries.
This paper discusses gerund in the Vampire Diaries because gerund is one
of the grammatical cases. Which is difficult to study. Besides, in the novel there
are many gerund used.
1.2 Problem of the Study
The problem of the study are formulated as follows :
1) How are the patterns of gerund in the Vampire Diaries ?
2) What are the function of gerund in the Vampire Diaries ?
3) Which patterns are the most dominant gerund used in the Vampire Diaries ?
1.3 Scope of the Study
The scope of study is the most dominant patterns, that is the patterns of
gerund and function of gerund in the Vampire Diaries.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
1) to find out the patterns of gerund in the Vampire Diaries.
2) to find out the function of gerund in the Vampire Diaries.
1.5 Signification of the Study 1) to enrich knowledge about gerunds
2) to be used as refrences for the readers or students who are interested in
analyzing of gerunds.
1.6 The Method of Study
In writing this paper, the library method of research is used. As the sources
of data, the writer takes from the novel. Finally, the writer combines and tabulates
the gerund based on their patterns in order to find out which patterns is used the
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Gerund
Harper (2006:234) states that a gerund is identical in form to the present
participle (ending in –ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may
be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes
consisting of only one word, the gerund itself), acts as a noun within the larger
sentences.
Martin (1986:502) states that gerund is that form of the verb which ends
in-ing, and has the force of a noun and a verb, gerund has the same form as the
present participle. However, it functions differently in the sentences, it is always
can function in any noun position.
Example :
Playing football is my hobby.
Within the clause “Playing football”. The word “Playing” behaves as a ver; in
particular the phrase “football” is the object that verb. But the whole clause
“playing football” acts as a noun phrase within the sentences as a whole; it is the
subject of the verb “is”. Gerund is a noun derived from the ver + ing. When
observed, gerund has the same from with the present participle. When we use a
2.2 Forms of Gerund 2.2.1 The simple gerund 1) Subject of verb
The subject in gerund sentence usually located in the beginning of the
sentences. Gerund is used as the subject of a sentences on its basis have the
following characteristic:
1) Verb + ing
2) In front of the predicate
3) The subject of the sentences
4) It has the meaning of an object that is the subject of the sentences
Example:
a) Running in the morning is good for health.
b) Swimming is a good and cheap sport.
c) Playing golf is an expensive sport.
d) Collecting stamps is one of my little sister’s hobbies.
e) Smoking cigar is not good for health.
5) Object of verb
The gerund can be the object of a verb. The form of an object in a gerund
phrase may depend on what precedes the gerund. Gerund is used as the object of a
1) It is behind a predicate.
2) It functions as an object that describes the predicate of sentences.
3) It has the meaning of anoun which is the object of the sentences.
Example:
a) My father likes hunting in the forest.
b) My mother dislike keeping pet animals.
c) We enjoy living in this city very much.
d) My elder sister loves playing guitar.
Certain verbs in English are followed by verbals – either gerunds or
infinitives – which are considered as the objects of these verbs. The gerund (-ing
form) and the infinitive ( to + base form ) of verbs may be used as nouns, and
therefore they sometimes function as the object of a verb. In idiomatic English,
certain verbs are followed only by the gerund, certain verbs by the infinitive, and
certain verbs by either the gerund or the infinitive. The following is a reference
1. admit 23. Forget** 45. Risk
The examples of verbs followed by gerunds object
1) May be followed by a gerund or an infinitive : *without a change in meaning/
** with a change in meaning.
2) May be followed by an object : + and infinitive. (He advise us to go to
college) /++ and a gerund. (She appreciates your helping.)
3) May be followed by a that-clause.
Examples :
Subjunctive verb
a) He admitted stealing my little sister’s money
b) He avoid answering ourteacher’s questions.
c) The committee delayed making a decision.
d) My father has stopped smoking. e) Jack suggested going to the beach.
f) He has finished typing the report.
g) He mentioned meeting the governer at the reception.
1) Object of a preposition
Any verb used as the object in a prepositional takes the form of a gerund.
Most gerund after prepositions are subjects, especially those in adverbial
prepositional.
Example:
a) I dream about having much money.’
b) I am tired of studying alone.
c) She is fond of eating pizza.
e) We will not be successful without working seriously every time.
f) I am bored with swimming.
g) I am tired of waiting in the airport
Object of a preposition consist of two parts :
1) Nominal function of prepositional gerund
Any verb used as the object in a prepositional phrase takes the form of a
gerund. Most gerund phrases after prepositions are subjectless, especially those in
adverbial prepositional phrases. Such gerund phrases function as prepositional
objects of verb. A great many of the verbs listed under prepositional objects in the
chapter on prepositions take such gerund objects.
Example:
a) He insisted on paying the entire bill for dinner.
b) She often dreams about having a lot of money to spend on luxuries.
The word “to” after the following verbs is a preposition rather than the sign of
the infinitive and therefore requires a gerund after it: accustom oneself, allude,
confess, confine oneself, dedicate oneself, limit oneself, look forward, object,
plead guilty, reconcile oneself, resign oneself, resort, and revert.
a) He objected to their entering the factory without permission.
b) We look forward to seeing you again.
2) Adjectival function of prepositional gerund
There are two main types :
a) Those prepositional gerund phrase that follow nouns from verbs or adjectives. Example:
a) His pretense of being rich didn’t fool anyone.
b) Their preparations for travelling abroad were very time-consuming.
c) He spoke of the necessity of hiring more men.
b) Those prepotional gerund phrase appearing after nouns that are
nonderivational. Such as adjectival constructions are mostly adjective clause
equivalents. These phrases are sometimes interpreted as appositives to the
nouns that precede them.
Example:
a) The money for travelling around the country (=with which they could travel around the country) was soon used up.
b) This is not a good way of doing it (=in which you can do it)
c) The time for making excuses (=in which you can make excuses) is past. Other prepositions introducing gerund phrases after adjectives are : a) About
Example : Pat is angry about walking in the rain. b) For
Example : Sandy is famous for singing songs. c) At
d) Of
Example: Thet are afraid of losing the match.
e) By
Example : I was annoyed by the dog’s barking all night.
2) Subjective Complement
Subjective Complement as a predicate noun.
Example :
a) Nina’s hobby is cooking.
b) Deni’s favourite sport is fishing.
3) Appositive
The function of appositive is to give explaining about the information in the
gerund sentences.
Example :
a) Her husband insists on one thing, her cleaning the house ever day.
b) My hobby is swimming, it is not too expensive.
c) I do not like quarelling, a useless job.
2.2.2 The Gerund Phrase’
Agerund phrase is made up of a gerund and all words that can modify it.
The words or phrase that can modify a gerund are an adjevtive, adverb, and a
prepositional phrase, plus it can have a direct object.
Example :
The gerund phrase is providing students and is used as the predicate noun in the
sentences. The gerund is providing and the direct object of that gerund is
(inproviding whom?) students. The prepositional phrase with knowledge
modifies providing and the prepositional phrase of basic math modifies
2) Frequently asking for funds may hinder receiving them. knowledge.
a) The first gerund phrase is frequently asking for funds.The gerund is asking.
Frequently answer, when? , and thus is an adverb, modifying the gerund,
asking. For funds is an adverb prepositional phrase answering the question,
why, asking?
b) There is a second gerund phrase in this sentence. It is This entire phrase is the subject of the sentence.
receiving them. This
whole phrase is the direct object in the sentence, answering the question, “may
hinder what?” …receiving funds. Receiving is the gerund and funds is the
direct object of the gerund. Receiving what?...funds
2.3The patterns of Gerund
.
1) Adjective + Preposition + Gerund
Some these words also used in gerund, they are: afraid of, interested in,
clever at, crazy about, worried about, good at.
Examples :
a) He’s afraid of going by plane.
b) I am interested in visiting the museum.
c) He is clever at skateboarding.
e) I’m worried about making mistakes.
f) My brother good at singing.
1. Verb + Preposition + Gerund
Some these words used in this pola, they are: gave up, insisted on, thought of,
objected to not, forward to, confessed to.
Examples :
a) He gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice.
b) Jenny insisted on buying that cellphone instead of this one.
c) Have you ever thought of studying abroad ?
d) My older sister objected to not being allowed to go out with her friends.
e) I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
f) No one has confessed to stealing my money yet.
2. Noun + Preposition + Gerund
Some words used in this pola, they are: choice of, intention of, excuse for,
method for, reason for.
Examples :
a) The teacher gave us a choice of taking another exam.
b) I had no intention of hurting your feeling.
c) He always has an excuse for being late.
d) Have you found the best method for improving your English yet ?
e) Your reason for getting bad grades is a big nonsense.
3. Preposition + Gerund
Examples :
a) Before going to bed, he turned off the lights.
b) She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
c) We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
d) He told the joke without laughing.
e) Besides singing the song, she also dance.
4. Verb + Object + Preposition + Gerund
Some verb used in this pola, they are: stop for, thank for, forgive for,
congratulate on.
Examples :
a) My father wants to stop for smoking.
b) Susan need to forgive for blaming.
c) My family thank for his helping
d) I said to my friend congratulate on wedding heald.
2.4The Function of Gerund
There are eight function of gerund in a sentence:
1) As a subject of sentences Examples:
a) Studying needs time and patience.
b) Reading English is easier than speaking it.
c) Having a lot of money is better than having a little.
d) Writing and speaking are two different aspects in a language.
2) As the object of sentence Examples :
a) He is clever at teaching mathematics
b) My father likes reading foreign newspapers.
c) I find working in the garden very relaxing.
d) I can’t understand her losing the ring.
3) As a Complement
The function of gerund as a complement in a sentence be found when the
v-ing as located after the auxiliary be (is, am, are, was, were).
Examples:
a) One of her hobbies is collecting foreign stamps.
b) My elder sister’s profession is teaching English.
c) My mother sister’s profession is singing at a night club.
d) That dog’s habits are chewing leather shoes and jumping on the sofa.
e) My favorite activity during summer is sunbathing.
4) After a preposition
Preposition following with gerund are : after, before, to, about, without, at,
on and with.
Examples:
a) I will call you after arriving at the office.
b) Please have a drink before leaving.
c) I am looking forward to meeting you.
e) Tara always dreams about going on holiday.
f) He went without saying anything.
g) He’s very quick at adding figures.
h) She insisted on carrying her baby to the meeting.
i) I completely agree with moving to the United States.
5) After certain verbs
Some verbs always following with gerund are: complete, discuss, hope,
practice, dislike.
Examples:
a) He finally completed writing his thesis.
b) We have discussed opening a branch here.
c) I keep hoping they will come.
d) They practise throwing the ball every morning.
e) I dislike living in this city.
f) He can’t bear being laughed at.
6) After possessive adjective Examples:
a) His leaving will make them sad.
b) Your coming will make me happy
c) Our next meeting will be held early next week.
d) My dancing is not good as yours.
e) Her singing is slow.
Examples:
a) It’s no use begging like a beggar.
b) It’s no good getting angry at once.
c) There’s no getting around it.
d) There’s no harm in trying.
8) Gerund to show short prohibition Examples:
a) No smoking !
b) No talking !
c) No spitting !
3. ANALYSIS OF GERUNDS IN VAMPIRE DIARIES Based on the data collected and problem of study, it is find out there are
some patterns of gerund namely, there are verb + ing, certain verb + gerund,
preposition + gerund and verb + preposition + gerund. 3.1 The pattern of gerund
There are some patterns of gerund namely:
1) The pattern of gerund is verb + ing.
a) Fiddling with the zipper to Damon’s leather jacket, she smiled secretly and
looked up at him through her lashes. (page 13)
b) Seeing her like this was worse torture than seeing her lying cold and dead.
(page 22)
c) Running footsteps from the vicinity of the cafeteria told him that some
humans had heard the janitor’s cries at last. (page 39)
d) Following bonnie to where the ruined church stood with its belfry pointing
like a finger to the stormy sky. (page 223)
e) Working the other hand free was much easier. (page 274)
2) The pattern of gerund is certain verb + gerund a) Damon suggested feeding off the paramedics. (page 32)
b) Elena recognized it and stopped struggling with the hands that pulled her
away. (page 8)
c) The final instant when it had stopped hurting. (page 55)
d) She stopped wringing out the cramps and look into the eyes of her friends.
e) Alaric, who’d just finished arranging the furniture. (page 189)
f) She didn’t want to see what inside that tomb now any more than see had when
Tyler had suggested opening it to vandalize it. (page 25)
3) The pattern of gerund is preposition + gerund
a) Elena watched them for several minutes without moving. (page 2)
b) Elena sharled without letting go of the throat. (page 7)
c) There was a faint sound from the center of the clearing (page 12)
d) He paused for a blinding smile before going on. (page 15)
e) It’s more than just the normal confusion after changing. (page 15)
f) If anyone’s going to have the satisfacation of killing you. (page 16)
4) The pattern of gerund is verb + preposition + gerund a) They were thinking of canceling it. (page 129)
b) You should think about protecting yourself. (page 199)
c) He seemed to be searching her face. (page 264)
d) Stefan looked toward the opening of the crypt. (page 270)
e) That’s what I use for getting around . (page 272)
Based on the data collected and problem of study, it is find out there are
some function of gerund namely, there are gerund as subject, gerund as object,
gerund after certain verb, and gerund after preposition.
3.2 The function of gerund
There are some functions of gerund namely:
a) Fiddling with the zipper to Damon’s leather jacket, she smiled secretly and
looked up at him through her lashes. ( page 13 )
b) Seeing her like this was worse torture than seeing her lying cold and dead.
(page 22)
c) Running footsteps from the vicinity of the cafeteria told him that some s
d) Following bonnie to where the ruined church stood with its belfry pointing
like a finger to the stormy sky. (page 223)
e) Working the other hand free was much easier. (page 274)
2) The function of gerund is as object of sentence. There are six sentences of gerund as object.
a) Elena stepped into the clearing. (page 1)
b) He went on looking at Matt. (page 27)
c) He seemed to be trying to shout. (page 29)
d) She couldn’t stop watching. (page 62)
e) He crossed running water. (page 272)
f) I like watching. (page 274)
3) The function of gerund is a gerund after certain verb. There are six sentences of gerund after certain verb.
a) Damon suggested feeding off the paramedics. (page 32)
b) Elena recognized it and stopped struggling with the hands that pulled her
away. (page 8)
d) She stopped wringing out the cramps and look into the eyes of her friends.
(page 96)
e) Alaric, who’d just finished arranging the furniture. (page 189)
f) She didn’t want to see what inside that tomb now any more than see had when
Tyler had suggested opening it to vandalize it. (page 225)
4) The function of gerund is as gerund after preposition. There are twenty nine sentences of gerund after preposition.
1) Elena watched them for several minutes without moving. (page 2)
2) Elena snarled without letting go of the throat. (page 7)
3) There was a faint sound from the center of the clearing (page 12)
4) He paused for a blinding smile before going on. (page 15)
5) It’s more than just the normal confusion after changing. (page 15)
6) If anyone’s going to have the satisfaction of killing you. (page 16)
7) He’d thought he was through with hurting, through with feeling anything.
(page 21)
8) Stefan should just do what he’d planned to do after killing Damon. (page 22)
9) Mat stared at him a moment before answering. (page 25)
10)He’d come with the intention of using his powers to persuade matt. (page 25)
11)Without looking at him, she spoke softly. (page 44)
12)Without waiting for a response, her caught her arm. (page 47)
13) She felt afraid of making any kind of disturbance. (page 51)
14)She felt a gnawing paranoia about being out in the open. (page 58)
16)I only spoke to you in the first place because you were useful in finding out
information about Stefan. (page 62)
17)Meredith would choose this way of geeting a message to her if he had. (page
64)
18)Stefan shook his head without looking away from the window. (page 72)
19)Elena caught sight of Alaric Saltzman at the edge of the parking lot. (page 75)
20)I admit freely to killing Tanner. (page 83)
21)He stopped me from killing you. (page 88)
22)Meredith heralded their arrival by muttering over and over. (page 98)
23)I know my dad thanked you yesterday for helping Doug the way you did.
(page 127)
24)She and Elena looked at each other without speaking for a moment
(page 144)
25)Your principal is dead set on keeping everything looking normal. (page 198)
26)We’re going to try to stop it from doing anything tomorrow night. (page 220)
27) The dance was in the last stages of breaking up. (page 249)
28)I stopped you from hearing her. (page 249)
3.3 The Most Dominant Gerund
The dominant gerunds can be seen through the percentage of their usage in
the articles. To get the percentage applied the formula.
The formula : X = Y / N x 100%
X = The percentage of each kind of the gerund
N = The total of kind of gerund
The percentage of gerunds found in the vampire diaries can be seen through the
following table.
Table
No Gerund Number Percentage
1 As subject Five 9,8 %
2 As object Six 11,8 %
3 After certain verb Six 11,8 %
4 After preposition Twenty nine 56,9 %
5 After verb and preposition Five 9,8 %
Total Fifty one 100 %
The most dominant gerund in vampire diaries is gerund after preposition
because there are twenty nine sentences using gerund after preposition which is
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusions
Based on the analysis above, It is concluded that are :
1) Gerund has some patterns in the sentences, such as: verb + ing, certain verb +
gerund, preposition + gerund and verb + preposition + gerund.
2) Gerund has many functions in the sentences, such as: subject of verb. Object
of verb, object of preposition.
3) The most dominant gerund in novel is gerund after preposition. There are
twenty nine sentences using gerund after preposition which show 56,9 %.
4.2 Suggestions
It is suggested that students analyse other of the novel, such as tenses,
REFERENCES
Azar, B. Schrampfer. 1941. Fundamentals of English Grammar. New Jersey: Englewood cliffs.
Huddlestone, Rodney. 2000. Introduction to the Grammar ofEnglish. Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ. Press.
Kardimin, Akhmad. 2003. English Grammar.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Martin, H. & Wren, P.C. 1986. High School English Grammar & Composition.
New Delhi: Ram Nagar.
Martinet, Thomson. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Siahaan, Sanggam. 2008. Issues in Linguistics. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Smith J.L. 1991. The Vampire Diaries. New York : Harper.
Stork, F.C. 1982. Learning about Lingistics:an introductory workbook. London:
Hutchinson.
Suryabrata, Sumadi.2002. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Appendices
Biography
L.J Smith ( The initials stand for Lisa Jane ) is a author of a number best-selling
books and series, and her writing has spawned two television series and been
translated into over thirty five languages. She has written more than two dozen
books for children and young adults. She lives in in the Bay Area of California,
but is happiest in a little cabin near point Reyes National Park, which has lots of
trees, lots of animals, lots of beaches to walk on, and lots of places to hike. Please
visit her online a
even sneak peeks of upcoming books. After taking a hiatus from writing for
several years, L.J Smith announced in 2007 a new spin-off trilogy entitled The
Vampire Diaries : The return, continuing the series, with Damon as the main
protagonist. The first installment, The Return : Nighfall, was released on February
10, 2009. The return : Shadows souls was released on May 16, 2010. The final
book of the series called the return : Midnight was released on March 15, 2011.
The trilogy after The Return trilogy, The Hunters, will go back to featuring Stefan
and Elena as the main protagonist and main characters and it will focus on Stefan
and Elena et all, going to college. The three novels in The Hunters trilogy are
called The Hunters : Phantom, The Hunbters : Phantom, The Hunters : Moonsong,
and The Hunters : Eternity. Novels in The Hunters trilogy are called The Hunters :
Phantom, The Hunters : Phantom, The Hunters : Moonsong, and The Hunters :
L.J Smith signed a contract in 2010 to write another Vampire Diaries
trilogy. The first book in the series was to be called The Hunters: Phantom, and
was expected to be released in the summer of 2011. [1] The new books will focus
on Elena and her friends in college, hunting supernatural series killer. On Smith’s
November 20 blog post, she announced that barring poor sales of the upcoming
trilogy, there will be another trilogy after that, bringing the series to a total of 13
novels. Smith stated in her blog on the 9th of February, 2011 that she was fired by
Alloy Entertainment and that ‘Midnight ‘ is the last book in the series written fully
by her. Alloy Entertainment will be hiring a ghostwriter to continue the series. [2]
She will still be mentioned as the creator of the series on the covers of the new
books, but she will have nothing to do with them. Smith has asked her fans not to
boycott Harper. L.J Smith has also already given Alloy Entertainment her
manuscript for ‘The Hunters : Phantom’, although there are no guarantees that it
Summary
Elena is now live for is not the same anymore. The world’s first popularity and
warmth-giving has already evaporated. Although the insulation is thin, but Elena
could never go back. He must be willing to lose everything. All he had ever had:
family who loved her, loved her friends and the the people who adored him.
However, fortunately love of Stefan has always followed. Stefan who was beside
Elena continues to support and maintain it. The Fury is the story of the third series
of Vampire Dioaries story, tell more about the figure of Elena. Beautiful high
school girl who fought over by vampire brothers : Stefan and Damon.
Elena’s town suddenly became tense. Due to the many attacks that occur
happen to school children and citizen Fell’s church. The accusation was addressed
to Stefan. Stefan is nearly killed by a vigilante action by the citizens of Fell’s
Church. On the other hand, Elena should be able to accept her new life. He must
begin to adapt to a world he never imagined. Elena is in the eyeo of citizens of
Fell’s Church realized, that something is stalking them. Something Iwant to make
them die. They are difficult to penetrate. There are other forces that hold great
resentment and anger at the three of them. Stefan and Doman who was hostile and
who has long tried to kill each other, they are now allied and help each other.
The investigation began. They found the names of suspicious people. Emerging
name such as Robert Maxwell, Aunt Judit’s fiancé. There is also a substitute
teacher Alaric Saltzman. That since his return to school so suddenly Elena anf full
