An Analysis of Translating Phrasal Verbs from “Fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita

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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANLATING PHRASAL VERBS FROM

“FALLEN” BY LAUREN KATE INTO “TERKUTUK” BY FANNY

YUANITA

A THESIS

BY

DHEA MEALITTZA

REG. NO. 070705002

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

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AUTHOR DECLARATION

I, DHEA MEALITTZA, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis except where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgements in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has tertiary education. Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : DHEA MEALITTZA

Title : An Analysis of Translating Phrasal verbs from “fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita.

Qualification : S1/ Sarjana Sastra Department : English

I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara on understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under the law of the republic of Indonesia.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah,

First, I would like to give my best gratitude to the Almighty Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala for blessings and endowments in my life so I can finish this thesis.

I address my gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, for giving all the students facilities to support their study. I am also grateful to Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum as the Head and the Secretary of English Department for their advice and encouragement during my study at the faculty.

I also would like to express my gratitude to Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS as my Supervisor and my Co. Supervisor Mister Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D. I am grateful for their helps, guidance, understanding, and contribution to my thesis.

And I would like to dedicate my gratitude to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum, as my Academic Supervisor for encouragement during my study in Department of English.

My lovely thanks is due to my beloved mom and also my motivator, Norita Lisya. I know you are struggle and pray for our family, you also sacrifice so many things to give me the best on my life, and now I can finish this thesis. I love you, mom. I also thank to my dear sister Dinda Anggrayni.

My gratitude is also addressed to my uncle Iman Sari S.E and his family who always love me, support me to accomplished this thesis, and let me live in his house to alleviating my expense life since I stand in this university. Also to my big family, thanks to everything them gave and would give to me, without them I am nothing and feels lonely. Thanks for your love.

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I also thanks for Uda Tumpal Pasaribu, who always ask me about what books I need to support me for finishing this Thesis, thanks to supporting and thanks to built my self-confidence to face the world.

Finally, I hope this thesis will always be beneficial for all readers.

Medan,

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ABSTRACK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR DECLARATION ... i

COPYWRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... iii

ABSTRACT ... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ... vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study ... 1

1.2Scope of the Study ... 3

1.3Problems of the Study ... 4

1.4Objective of the Study ... 4

1.5Significances of the Study ... 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Translation 2.1.1 Definition of Translation ……….5

2.1.2 Function of Translation ………...6

2.1.3 Types of Translation ………6

2.1.4 Process of Translation ……….7

2.1.5 Method of Translation ……….8

2.2 Phrasal Verbs 2.1.1 Definition of Phrasal Verbs ………….10

2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verb …….12

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2.1.4 Word order in Phrasal Verb …………13

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design ………15 3.2 Source of Data ………...15 3.3 Data Analyzing Method ………15 CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Data Finding ………...17 4.2 Analysis ………..39 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

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ABSTRACK

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

There are thousands of languages amended and used in this world; each of them has differences and uniqueness. Language is a tool of communication for people daily life such as English as International language. In fact, English recommended as one of compulsory subject in every school and university.

We use language in order to communicate with others, to express our personal reactions to situation, to stimulate a response on someone else, and for the sake of thinking something out. Language may be as a means of conveying something that the user of the language wants to convey. In the wider sense, the word language is used as to cover any means used to convey emotion and thoughts (Robert, 15: 1952). Many people speak English and use it, along with its components and structures in their daily lives. However, the English phrasal verb is often found, but rarely used. Phrasal verb usually found when people doing translation process.

Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure, which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context (Larson, 1984: 3). Translation as a means to transfer equivalent message from source language to target language, so that communication of human keeps going on.

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Phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition, any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so are complete semantic unit. Sentences may contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which different from the original verb.

Based on its characteristics, people find difficulties to translate the phrasal verbs. In some cases, when translated into another language, either its meaning is changed or it is meaningless. This case may occur in the literary translated texts, such as in the translated novel. In this thesis, the writer analyzes the phrasal verbs found in Lauren Kate’s Fallen translated into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita.

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The reasons why the writer chose the topic of this thesis is because the writer likes to read novels especially novels that are now favored, both in terms of story and characterizations, after reading the novel the writer found in this novel there are many sentences that use phrasal verb. Phrasal verb is also frequently used in everyday language, also contained in the articles or other works of English literature. The second reason is, the writer observes an opportunity in the topic of phrasal verbs, the opportunity to reveal the translation process of phrasal verbs into Bahasa Indonesia.

In the translation of Lauren Kate’s Fallen, the writer finds some phrasal verbs, such as:

Source language (English):

Wherever he ended up, it would be easier then being here. (Page 2) Target language (Bahasa Indonesia):

Kemanapun ia pergi, akan lebih mudah daripada berada disini. (Page 11) The translator translates ended up into pergi, it changes the sense of meaning totally, but in this case, the translator translates the phrasal verb by transitive expression of phrasal verb based on oblique meaning translation.

Based on the above case, writer feels that this subject can be a research topic in order to get some explanations and descriptions. Finally, the writer identifies procedures of translating, based on A.J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet (1986). The title of this thesis is AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATING PHARASAL VERBS FROM “FALLEN” BY LAUREN KATE INTO “TERKUTUK” BY FANNY YUANITA.

1.2 Problem of the study

The problems of the analysis in the thesis are:

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2. What is the most dominant procedure used in translating phrasal verb from “Fallen” by Lauren Kate to “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita?

1.3 Objective of the study

The expected results of the discussion of this thesis are:

1. To figure out the procedures of translation found in translating phrasal verb in Lauren Kate’s Fallen into Bahasa Indonesia Terkutuk by Fanny Yuanita. 2. To determine the dominant procedure of translating phrasal verbs found in

“Fallen” by Lauren Kate into “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita.

1.4 Scope of the study

This study focuses on translation process of phrasal verb found in Lauren Kate “Fallen” and its phrasal verb meaning in Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk”. In order to avoid excessively large discussions, writer decided to choose three of twenty chapters that exist in the novel become refrence in this thesis work. Three chapters were chosen because it has a number of phrasal verbs more than other chapters.

1.5 Significance of the study

The significances of this study can be both theoretical and practical. It means, the result of the study could be beneficial to increase knowledge about phrasal verb and can be applied in daily conversation.

Based on the statement above, this study has two major significances:

1. This thesis is expected to enrich the writer and reader’s knowledge about phrasal verb and the formation of that phrasal verb.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Translation

2.1.1 Definition of Translation

Basically, the term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating) (Munday, 2001:5). Nevertheless, the definition of translation is not that simple. Further elaboration is needs to make it obvious. Many experts in translation theory define translation in different ways.

Catford (1965:20) states that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).

Translations consist of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into one’s own or another’s language (The Merriam – Webster Dictionary, 1974).

Popovic (in McGuire, 1978:5), claims that’s “a translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpretation and conglomerate of two structures.”

A translation is not a monistic composition, but an interpenetration and conglomerate of two structures.

Hatim and Mason (1997:1), Translating… as an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication (which may have been intended for different purpose and different readers/ listeners).

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number of consecutive situations imposing on the translator the necessity of choosing among a certain (and very often exactly definable) number of alternative.

2.1.1 Function of Translation

Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which, are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. (Larson, 1984:3). It means that the function of translation as the bridge for human’s communication keep going on, especially in international communication.

Translation is attempted to be used to overcome barriers in international communication (Haugen, 2001:17). It means that translation be expected to overcome the problems of doing translation in international communication, it cause by the variety of language.

Nida (1981:2) states that translation means communication because it has three essential elements to form a process of communication. The three essential are source, message, and receptor, and these elements be found in all communication activities.

2.1.3 Types of Translation

Jakobson (1959: 114) formulates categories of translation into three parts, namely intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic translation.

a. Intralingual translation (or ‘rewording’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means for other signs of the same language. It would occur, for example, when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written.

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from one language to another language to another language, such as English into Bahasa Indonesia.

c. Intersemiotic translation (or ‘transmutation’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of a sign of non – verbal sign system. It would occur if written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting.

Newmark (1995:45), distinguish several kinds of translation. They are: a. Word-for-word translation

This often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the Target Text (TT) immediately below the Source Text (ST) words. The ST word - order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Cultural words translated literally. The main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process.

b. Literal Translation

The ST grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TT

equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context. As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be solved.

2.1.4 Process of Translation

The process of translation involves the translator changing an original text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into target text (TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL).

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A (Source Language) B (Receptor Language)

(Analyzing) (Restructuring)

X (transferring) Y

Nida’s three stages system of translation (Munday, 2001:6)

a. The analyzing stage is the process in which grammatical relationship and the meaning of words or its combination are analyzed.

b. The transferring stage is the process in which the analyzed material in stage 1 are transferred in the translator’s mind from source language into target language.

c. The restructuring stage is the process in which the writer re - write or re-express the material in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and style in the target language.

2.1.5 Method of Translation

There are two general translation method identified by Vinay and Dalbernet (2000:84-93): direct and oblique translation. The two methods comprise seven procedures of translation, of which direct translation covers: borrowing, calque and literal translation. Oblique translation covers: transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation.

I. Direct Translation a. Borrowing

The Source Language (SL) word interpreted directly to the Target Language (TL).

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SL : durian ; orangutan (Bahasa Indonesia) TL : durian ; orangutan (English)

b. Calque

This is ‘a special kind of borrowing’ where the SL expression or structure interpreted in a literal translation.

e.g.

SL : transceiver cable ; cell (English)

TL : kabel transceiver ; sel (Bahasa Indonesia)

c. Literal Translation

This is ‘word – for – word’ translation, which is describe as being most common between language of the same family and culture. e.g.

SL : I go to school every day (English)

TL : Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari (Bahasa Indonesia)

II. Oblique Translation a. Transposition

This is a change of one part of speech for another without changing the meaning of the message.

e.g.

SL : My hobby is writing (English) N

TL : Hobi saya adalah menulis (Bahasa Indonesia) V

b. Modulation

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e.g.

SL : I broke my leg. (English)

TL : kaki saya patah. (Bahasa Indonesia)

c. Equivalence

It refers to cases where language describes the same situation by different stylistic or structural means. It is particularly useful in translating idioms and proverbs.

e.g.

SL : Luce looked after by Daniel. (English)

TL : Luce diawasi oleh Daniel. (Bahasa Indonesia)

d. Adaptation

It involves the changing the cultural reference when a situation the source cultural does not exist in the target culture.

e.g.

SL : Luce will marry with Daniel (English)

TL : Daniel akan menikahi Luce (Bahasa Indonesia)

2.1 Phrasal Verbs

2.1.1 Definition of Phrasal Verbs

Every speaker direct or indirect, conscious or unconscious, do know or do not know, they using phrasal verbs for daily English. Phrasal verb is very important part of coloring English, they are used to give life and richness to the language. Phrasal verbs take the existing words, combine them in a new sense, and bring new expression.

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Crowell (1964: 401), phrasal verb is combination of verb and a particle which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words.

Phrasal verbs are combinations of verb plus particle that regularly occur together (Wishon, Burks, 1980: 217)

Basically, the term phrasal verb refers to a verb and preposition which together have a special meaning (Azar, 1989:A26)

Phrasal verbs are lexical verbs which consist of more than just the verb word itself (Hallyday, 1994:207)

Trask (1997:169), Phrasal verbs: a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part.

Phrasal verb is a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part (Warriner, 1982:88)

Phrasal verbs are combination of verb plus particle that regularly occurs together (Biber, 1999:407)

Phrasal verb is combination of a verb and a particle, which together have a meaning different from the customary meaning of the two words (Crowell, 1964:401).

Phrasal verbs are traditional rather than logical. The meaning of a verb may be no clue to its meaning. We will notice that phrasal verbs are mostly become popular words. Often a particular phrasal verb may replace by a more learned word. Phrasal verb may categorize in various ways according to similarities or structure, image and content. They are uses by all classes of people and its common used in every daily life conversation, from upper until lower class of people.

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2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verb

There are three reasons why phrasal verbs are important:

a. Phrasal verbs are very common and widely used by English – speaking people, both in everyday speech and in writing. They are particularly common in the media – newspaper, magazine, novel, etc.

b. Phrasal verbs are often a single verb, usually of classical origin, corresponding to a phrasal verb.

e.g

give up = abandon call for = demand look into = investigate burn down = destroy miss out = leave out pick out = select watch out = careful ring up = telephone

c. Phrasal verbs are dynamic, that is, we are constantly inventing (make up) new ones and giving new meanings to old ones – slang and the conversation of young people are full of such things.

e.g

That man pays back the criminal (revenge the criminal). He staring at me (watch)

Cam glance backfrom Gabb (turn head) It turnsme on(excite me)

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2.1.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verbs

There are two kinds of phrasal verbs: Separable and Inseparable phrasal verbs.

a. Separable phrasal verbs

A noun or pronoun may come either between the verb and the preposition or after preposition.

e.g.

SL: I handed my paper in yesterday Noun/Pronoun

I handed in my paper yesterday Noun/Pronoun

TL: Saya menyerahkan tugas saya kemarin.

b. Nonseparable phrasal verbs

A noun or pronoun must follow the preposition. e.g.

SL: I ran into an old friend yesterday Noun/Pronoun

TL: Saya tidak sengaja bertemu dengan teman lama saya semalam.

2.1.4 Word Order in Phrasal Verb

There are three words order in phrasal verbs: verb + preposition, verb + adverb + preposition, verb + adverb, and its combination become transitive (tr) or intransitive (intr):

1. Verb + Preposition

a. Account for (tr) = give a good reason for A treasurer must account for the money he spends.

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b. Close up (intr) = come nearer together

If you children closed up a bit there’d room for another one on this seat.

2. Verb + Adverb

a. Bear out (tr) = confirm

This report bears out my theory. b. Close in (intr) = come nearer

We have to out of here, the Lucifer close in.

3. Verb + Adverb + Preposition a. Look out on (tr) = seeing

Look out on a massive mausoleum in the cemetery. b. Lead up to (intr) = introduce

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CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

In writing this thesis, writer uses library research and descriptive qualitative method. Library research is used to find out the material on phrasal verbs, and books also used to find an explanation of the theories that used to obtain the research results. In addition, some information also found from the website to support or complete the collected theories.

Descriptive qualitative method used to describing and explaining the findings. Bungin (2001:290) “Penggunaan strategi deskriptif kualitatif dimulai dari analisis berbagai data yang terhimpun dari suatu penelitian, kemudian bergerak ke arah pembentukan kesimpulan kategoris atau cirri-ciri umum tertentu.”

3.2 Source of Data

The data that analyzed are phrasal verbs. It gathered from Lauren Kate’s novel entitled “Fallen” and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia “Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita. To find the samples, the writer uses random sampling. The random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample (Guy,1987: ).

The selected samples obtained by determining the phrasal verbs inside all chapter s of the novel and then three chapters were chosen providing it contained more phrasal verbs than other, the three chapters are chapter two, chapter ten and chapter eighteen.

3.3 Data Analyzing Method

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1. Reading the English novel as the source text (ST) and then reading the Indonesian novel as the target text (TT).

2. Identifying the phrases included as phrasal verbs. 3. Strongly selecting the phrases related to phrasal verbs.

4. Determining the dominant chapters of the novel who had more phrasal verbs, and choosing it as data.

5. Listing the phrases occurred as the finding data. 6. Identifying the equivalence between ST and TT.

7. Contrasting the phrases in ST and TT in order to figures out the procedures of translation used.

8. Identifying the procedures of translation occurred. 9. Classifying the procedures of translation occurred. 10.Determining the dominant translation procedure occured.

In order to figure out the dominant procedure of translation occurred in the translation, this thesis is using a formula refers to Malo’s method of social research.

The formula of calculating the percentage of the procedures used is:

X : Total frequency of the procedures of translation phrasal verbs. Y : Total of all data.

N : The percentage of the procedures of translation x

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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS

4.1 FINDING

Description of data and its translation procedures:

No Source Text Target Text Procedure

1 Gabbe was shaking hands with the tongue-pierced girl who’d been making out with the

tongue-pierced guy

outside.(Chapter 2, Page 43, Line 13)

Gabbe menyalami gadis dengan anting di lidah yang tadi bercumbu dengan pemuda yang lidahnya beranting diluar sana. (Chapter 2, Page 51, Line 4)

Adaptation Adaptation

2 Arriane flitted about the others, whispering things Luce couldn’t make out, (Chapter 2, Page 43, Line 19)

Arriane menyelinap diantara murid-murid yang lain, membisikkan sesuatu yang tidak dimengerti Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 51, Line 10)

Adaptation

3 He smirked, tugging on a strand at the back of her neck. (Chapter 2, Page 43, Line 20)

Cam melirik Arriane.

(Chapter 2, Page 51, Line

Senyum lepas terkembang pada wajah Cam. (Chapter 2, Page 52, Line 12)

Equivalence

6 None of them had ever pulled the desk next to her even closer, plopped down beside her, (Chapter 2, Page 44, Line 28)

Mereka tidak pernah menarik mejanya begitu dekat dengan meja Luce, menjatuhkan diri didekat Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 52, (Chapter 2, Page 445, Line 2)

Cam merogoh saku dan mengeluarkan pick gitar hijau bertuliskan angka 44. (Chapter 2, Page 52, Line 19)

Equivalence Modulation

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here and she was still figuring out the ropes. (Chapter 2, Page 45, Line 16)

pertamanya di sini dan ia masih meraba-raba keadaan. (Chapter 2, Page

Dan pemandangan yang bisa dilihat dari jendela itu hanya mausoleum besar di pekuburan. (Chapter 2, jadwal untuk melihat pelajaran itu akan diadakan dikelas yang mana. (Chapter 2, Page 54, Line 18)

Modulation

13 When Cam looked over at her, he gave her a wink and a flirty little wave that caused her whole body to tense up. (Chapter 2, Page 47, Line 11)

Ketika melihat kearahnya, Luce memberikan kedipan dan lambaian yang menggoda menyebabkan seluruh tubuh Luce tegang.

(Chapter 2, Page 54,

Yang mengisyaratkan dengan dagu kepada Luce untukk memungut pesawat kertas itu. (Chapter 2, Page 55, Line 3)

Equivalence

15 Already looking for the exit? (Chapter 2, Page 47, Line 25)

Sudah mencari-cari jalan keluar? (Chapter 2, Page 55, Line 5)

Equivalence

16 A closer look at the syllabus was all it took forLuce to see that Arriane had been right about being in a hellhole: (Chapter 2, Page 48, Line 11)

Dengan hanya memperhatikan silabus itu lebih teliti, Luce bisa melihat bahwa Arriane memang benar tentang lubang neraka ini:

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head and gave her a you-have-so-much-to-learn roll of the eyes. (Chapter 2, Page 49, Line 2)

menggeleng dan memutar mata dengan gaya yang mengatakan masih banyak yang harus Luce pelajari.

Ia memberanikan diri melirik ke bawah, kebuku catatan yang terbuka di meja Roland dan membaca nama lengkap cowo itu.

(Chapter 2, Page 56, Line 26)

Literal Translation

20 Luce glance down at her schedule. (Chapter 2, Page 50, Line12)

Luce melirik jadwalnya.

Modulation

21 As Arriane sputtered out a laugh, (Chapter 2, Page 50, Line 15)

Ketika Arriane tergelak,

Luce menghembuskan nafas panjang. (Chapter 2,

Arriane hanya bercanda,

(Chapter 2, Page 58, Line mendengarmu,” (Chapter 2, Page 58, Line 30) mengacungkan jari padanya lagi. (Chapter 2, yang berpura-pura fokus mengunyah burger.

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take offense at that,” picking up a plastic tray and handing one to Luce. (Chapter 2, Page 52, Line 20)

merasa tersinggung dengan pertanyaan itu,” mengambil nampan pelastik menyerahkan satu pada Luce. (Chapter 2, meneruskan penjelasan tentang seni memilih tempat duduk di kantin.

Luce mendongak. (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line 9) sepanjang kakinya,

(Chapter 2, Page 60, Line bawah untuk membantu Luce berdiri. (Chapter 2,

Melayangkan tinju keras yang mendarat di mata kanan Molly. (Chapter 2, Page 61, Line 4)

Literal Translation

39 Her arms thrown up and jerking in the air. (Chapter 2, Page 54, Line 7)

Kedua tangannya terangkat dan tersentak-sentak ke udara. (Chapter 2, Page 61, Line 8)

Equivalence

40 She reached out to catch Arriane just as she sank to the floor. (Chapter 2, Page 54, Line 13)

Ia mengulurkan tangan untuk menangkap Arriane tepat ketika gadis itu terjatuh ke lantai. (Chapter 2, Page 61, Line 13)

Equivalence

41 “All right, break it up. Break it up,” (Chapter 2, Page 54, Line 23)

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Arriane with Randy standing right there? (Chapter 2, Page 55, Line 1)

sementara Randy sudah berdiri disana? (Chapter 2, Page 6, Line 30) tergeletak di pangkuan Luce, (Chapter 2, Page 62, mengulang perintahnya bagi Luce dan Molly. memungut piring berisi daging giling yang tergelincir dari nampannya. (Chapter 2, jeans. (Chapter 2, Page 56, Line 4)

“Tak ternilai”, kata Molly, mengeluarkan kamera berwarna perak yang amat kecil dari saku belakang celana jeans hitamnya.

(Chapter 2, Page 62, Line incident- literally. (Chapter 2, Page 56, Line 14)

Luce mengira punya kesempatan untuk berdiri dan menepiskan kejadian tadi – (Chapter 2, Page 63, up the stereo, and peel the hell out of this place. menghidupkan mesin, menyalakan radio keras-keras, dan kabur sejauh mungkin dari tempat ini.

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Ia membenamkan wajahnya di telapak the sight of Luce. (Chapter 2, Page 57, Line 20)

Tapi wajahnya berkerut melihat Luce. (Chapter 2, Page 64, Line 18)

Equivalence

53 Gabbe asked, holding up a pastel blue cosmetics case. (Chapter 2, Page 58, Line 2)

Tanya Gabbe, mengangkat tas kosmetik biru pastel.

Tampa melihat dirinya pada cermin, (Chapter 2, sweater and pulling it over her head to expose an identical black sweater underneath. (Chapter 2, Page 59, Line 17)

Menunduk menatap baju hangat hitamnya dan menariknya ke atas kepala, memperlihatkan baju hangat yang sama persis dibaliknya. (Chapter 2, Page 66, Line 12)

walaupun sekarang akan melakukan apa saja agar bisa keluar dari lapisan daging yang sekarang dikenakannya ini. (Chapter 2, Page 66, Line 20)

Equivalence

58 I won’t oppress your ears with some of the cruder nicknames they’ve come up with.” (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line 13)

Aku takkan merusak telinga mu dengan menyebutkan beberapa julukan lebih kejam yang mereka berikan.” (Chapter 2, Page 67, Line 8)

Modulation

59 She stuck out her hand. (Chapter 2, Page 60, Line 23)

Ia mengulurkan tangan.

Penn tidak meneruskan.

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22) memancarkan sinyal berteman daripada kelihatan peduli dengan seberapa sering rumput di namanya jika Arriane tidak digotong ke ruang kesehatan setelah serangan sawan,” (Page expression. (Chapter 10, Page 196, Line 9)

Penn memperhatikan ekspresi kosong Luce.

Modulation

69 Cam said, lifting the notes back out of Penn’s hand and delivering them, (Chapter 10, Page 197, Line 18)

Kata Cam, menarik pesan-pesan itu dari tangan Penn dan menyerahkannya,

“Aku hanya melindungi mu.” (Chapter 10, Page

Luce mendongak kearah Cam. (Chapter 10, Page 198, Line 23)

Modulation

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up,” (Chapter 10, Page 198, Line 24)

untuk penataan,” (Chapter 10, Page 199, Line 15) pierced couple, didn’t show up for Miss Sophia’s class. (Chapter 10, Page 199, Line 15)

Baru kemarin ada gossip dikelas ketika Jules dan Philip, pasangan dengan lidah beranting, tidak muncul dikelas Miss mendongak kearah Cam.

Equivalence

77 Cam looked at Penn like his trying to figure out where she’d come from all of a sudden. (Chapter 10, Page 200, Line 7)

Cam menatap Penn seakan berusaha menebak dari mana gadis itu tiba-tiba correspondence, you’d see why we have more important things on our plate.” (Chapter 10, Page 201, Line 4)

“Jika kau membaca pesan-pesan ku yang terakhir, kau akan tahu mengapa kita mempunyai hal lain yang lebih penting.( Chapter 10, Page 201, Line 19)

Modulation

79 Luce looked up at her. (Chapter 10, Page 202, Line 12)

Luce mendongak menatap Penn. (Chapter 10, Page

“Memang. Aku juga belum bisa menemukan alasannya.” (Chapter 10, bersamaan dengan murid yag lain, (Chapter 10, Page 202, Line 19)

Modulation

82 “But when Arriane Molly, and Daniel showed up, mengenal. Kurasa mereka berasal dari lingkungan yang sama di L.A.”

Modulation

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reaction – (Chapter 10,

Ketakutan pemuda itu mungkin Luce tertarik untuk mencari tahu everything I came up with. (Chapter 10, Page 203, Line 14)

Mungkin aku akan menunjukkan semua yang ku temukan. (Chapter 10,

Luce menunduk menatap pesan itu, (Chapter 10, perpustakaan. (Chapter 10, Page 204, Line 19) mendaki tangga mosaik menuju perpustakaan.

(Chapter 10, Page 204, mengetahui dimana posisinya – (Chapter 10, perkembanganmu dengan pacar-pacarmu.” (Chapter 10, Page 205, Line 25)

Miss Sophia mendongak dari tumpukan tinggi kertas yang menutupi mejanya yang diterangi lampu baca. (Chapter 10, them worked.( Chapter 10, Page 206, Line 22)

Lampu-lampu hemat energi memiliki detektor gerak dan seharusnya menyala begitu mereka melewati tiap lorong, tetapi hanya setengahnya yang berfungsi. (Chapter 10, Page 206, Line 27)

Equivalence

93 He had his feet kicked up on the chair across from him and seemed to reading

Kedua kaki cowo itu diangkat ke kursi seberangnya dan ia seperti

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a coffee-table-sized world atlas. (Chapter 10, Page 207, Line 1)

membaca peta dunia yang lebarnya seperti meja.

(Chapter 10, Page 207, disturbed. (Chapter 10, Page 207, Line 3)

Ia mendongak dengan mimik lesu yang bisa berarti benar-benar kesepian atau hanya kesal karena terganggu.

Modulation

95 Penn retorted, sticking out her tongue dramatically. (Chapter 10, Page 207, Line 7)

Penn menjawab ketus, menjulurkan lidah dengan gaya berlebihan. (Chapter 10, Page 207, Line 10)

Penn berjongkok menyusuri punggung-punggung buku dengan jari. (Chapter 10, Page perlahan, seperti jarum dengan benang, dan Luce tidak mau membayangkan apa yang akan terjadi jika bayangan itu menyentuh temannya. (Chapter 10,

Penn memegang kepala dengan dua tangan dan menoleh kearah Luce yang terkejut. (Chapter 10, Page 208, Line 16) stacks – (Chapter 10, Page 209, Line 14) hovering over Penn’s head “interacting” – (Chapter 10, Page 209, Line 18)

Menyebut apa yang ia lakukan terhadap bayangan yang mengambang diatas kepala Penn sebagai “berinteraksi”- (Chapter 10, Page 209, Line 19)

Modulation

103 Fighting them off. (Chapter 10, Page 209,

Melawannya. (Chapter 10, Page 209, Line 24)

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Line 22) anything about Daniel without running up against a wall. (Chapter 10, Page 210, Line 8)

Ia tidak bisa mencari tahu apapun tentang Daniel tanpa menghadapi jalan buntu. (Chapter 10, Page yang meminjam bukunya hari ini.” (Chapter 10,

Luce memandangi Penn berjalan kembali di lorong yang panjang menuju meja depan. (Chapter 10, Page religious book. (Chapter 10, Page 210, Line 21)

Tapi tidak memiliki dugaan siapapun yang meminjam buku agama Gabbe’s party, (Chapter 10, Page 211, Line 6) kebakaran menyala.

Modulation

113 A monotone robotic voice announced over a loudspeaker. (Chapter 10, Page 211, Line 20)

Suara mesin yang datar mengumumkan dari pengeras suara. (Chapter kebakaran benar-benar datang untuk mematikan alarm kebaran guna menarik perhatian orang-orang. (Chapter 10, Page

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211, Line 28) 115 She called out, hearing her

voice echo in her ears. (Chapter 10, Page 212, Line 5)

Panggil nya, mendengar suaranya sendiri bergema ditelinga. (Chapter 10, Page 213, Line 4)

Ia tau suaranya tenggelam dibalik suara alarm yang melengking. (Chapter 10, Page 212, Line 5)

Equivalence

117 The shrill, unending scream that rang in her head like a siren long after Trevor had given up. (Chapter 10, Page 212, Line 17)

Jeritan melengking yang tiada henti berdering dikepala Luce seperti sirine lama setelah Trevor berhenti berteriak.

118 She felt a hand grip her left wrist and spun around, (Chapter 10, Page 212, Line 21)

Luce merasa seperti ada yang menyambar pergelangan tangannya dan berbalik, (Chapter 10, Page 212, Line 22)

Equivalence

119 He said, keeping hold of her wrist as they crouched down and sprinted toward the front doors of the library. (Chapter 10, Page 213, Line 5)

Ia berkata, tetap memegang pergelangan tangan Luce saat mereka membungkuk dan berlari menuju pintu utama perpustakaan. (Chapter 10, Page 213, Line 1)

Sambil memastikan ia masih memegang Tod,

Mereka bisa mengitari bangunan kejalan masuk utama dan melihat apakah Penn dan Miss Sophia berhasil keluar dengan selamat. (Chapter 10, Page 214, Line26 )

Modulation Modulation

124 Who was folded over himself, (Chapter 10, Page

Luce berkata pada Todd yang membungkuk,

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215, Line 6) (Chapter 10, Page 214,

126 she was focused on getting out that in took her too tidak segera menyadari desisan berat yang menyelubungi mereka, Menenggelamkan suara alarm. (Chapter 10, Page 215, Line 5)

Equivalence

127 She looked up into a maelstrom of shadows. (Chapter 10, Page 215, Line 14)

Luce mendongak dan melihat pusaran besar bayangan-bayangan.

Modulation

128 They were all tangled up in each other, (Chapter 10, Page 215, Line 18)

Bayangan-bayangan tersebut terjalin satu sama lain, (Chapter 10, Page

Todd mulai memukul-mukul dinding, (Chapter

Karena asap sekarang memenuhi lorong?

Equivalence

131 Another horde of shadows rose up directly in their path. (Page 216, Line 11)

Sekelompok bayangan lain muncul tepat dihadapan mereka. (Page 216, Line 5)

Modulation

132 A deep black blanket of dark spread out across the walls and made it impossible for Luce to see the door. (Chapter 10, Page 216, Line 12)

Selimut hitam gelap pekat terbentang sepanjang dinding dan membuat Luce tidak bisa melihat pintu.

Angin menyapu lehernya.

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10, Page 217, Line 12) 137 But the hallway was dark,

and her eyes were still watering, and she couldn’t make out the twisting shadow shapes anymore. (Chapter 10, Page 217, Line 20)

Tapi lorong tadi gelap, matanya masih berair, dan ia tidak bisa melihat sosok-sosok bayangan yang berputar-putar itu lagi. (Chapter 10, Page 217, Line 14)

Equivalence

138 Breaking their grip on each other and tossing Luce into the air. (Chapter 10, Page 218, Line 5)

Melepaskan pegangan tangan mereka dan

Ia menjerit kelangit malam, (Chapter 10, Page

Luce melihat sekali cahaya berkelip didasar pemakaman dan langsung berlari kesana. (Chapter 18, Page 375, Line 1)

Literal Translation

141 She hurtled down past the broken headstones, leaving Penn and Miss Sophia far behind. (Chapter 18, Page 384, Line 2)

Ia melesat melewati nisan-nisan rusak, meninggalkan Penn dan Miss Sophia jauh dibelakang. (Chapter 18, Page 375, Line 2)

Equivalence

142 Or the clumps of thick-rooted weeds tripped up her feet. (Chapter 18, Page 384, Line 7)

Atau gumpalan tebal akar alang-alang tersangkut dikedua kakinya. (Chapter 18, Page 375, Line 6) she believed him, (Chapter 18, Page 385, Line 15)

Menyodorkan buku itu padanya dan meneriakkan kata-kata bahwa Luce mempercayainya, (Chapter 18, Page 376, Line 7 ) waktunya untuk mencari cara mengusir bayangan-bayangan itu. (Chapter 18, Page 376, Line 24)

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146 She tore down the steep tiers of graves, (Chapter 18, Page 386, Line 4)

Ia melesat di antara berderet-deret makam yan curam, (Chapter 18, Page

Perempuan itu mendekati Luce, berseru kebelakang,

Modulation Equivalence

148 Miss Sophia froze on a toppled white tombstone and stared up at the sky like she hadn’t heard Luce at all. (Chapter 18, Page 386, Line 16)

Miss Sophia diam membeku di atas nisan putih yang tumbang dan menatap langit seakan sama sekali tidak bewildered look. (Chapter 18, Page 387, Line 9)

Penn berhenti sambil terengah-engah tepat di samping luce dan mereka bertukar pandang kebingungan. (Chapter 18, Page 377, Line 29) berwarna ungu terus-menerus merosot karena udara panas yang lembab. cemetery’s center. (Chapter 18, Page 388, Line 6)

Luce sudah melesat menuju pusat pemakaman.

Modulation

154 Rotting mulch until the ground finally evened out. (Chapter 18, Page 388, Line 10)

Di tutupi dedaunan lembab busuk hingga tanah akhirnya mendatar.

Transposition

155 She leaned against the tree trunk. (Chapter 18, Page

Ia menghembuskan semua udara yang ada didalam paru-parunya dan merasa kedua lututnya lemas.

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157 He was standing atop the mausoleum, arms crossed, looking up where the bangunan makam besar, kedua tangan disilangkan, mendongak kearah kumpulan belalang bergolak yang baru saja of darkness that dipped off he crypt’s wide, (Chapter 18, Page 388, Line 25)

Cahaya bulan yang temaram membuat bayangan Daniel tampak seperti bulan sabit gelap it was Daniel, (Chapter 18, Page 389, Line 20)

Ia menoleh kebelakang dan tersentak ketika melihat orang itu Daniel,

Tangis yang tertahan hampir meledak di diri melebar hingga segalanya tumpah ruah. (Chapter 18,

Luce mendongak kearah langit lagi, merasakan kekuatan hitam bayangan.

(Chapter 18, Page 381, mengangguk sedih, lalu mulai berpaling. (Chapter 18, Page 382, Line 5)

Modulation

165 “No!” He pulled her back. (Chapter 18, Page 391, Line 15)

“Tidak!” Daniel menarik Luce lagi. (Chapter 18, Page 382, Line 6)

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166 A hot, howling wind swept sideways over them, (Chapter 18, Page 391, Line 24)

Lolongan angin panas bertiup kearah mereka,

(Chapter 18, Page 382, melakukan kesalahan apapun.” (Chapter 18, Page 382, Line 26)

Equivalence

168 She pointed at the trees that lined the perimeter of the cemetery. (Chapter 18, Page 392, Line 22)

Luce menunjuk pepohonan yang memagari pemakaman. (Chapter 18,

Daniel menoleh dengan tenang. (Chapter 18, Page 383, Line 17)

Equivalence

170 “But they’re just showing off right now. (Chapter 18, Page 393, Line 2)

“Tapi bayangan-bayangan tersebut hanya sedang unjuk kekuatan sekarang.

Equivalence

171 Then someone else steeped forward from behind Miss Sophia. (Chapter 18, Page 393, Line 7)

Lalu seseoran melangkah maju dari balik tubuh Miss Sophia. (Chapter 18, Page dikatakan Daniel ketika mereka menatap bayangan-bayangan itu: bahwa Luce tidak melakukan kesalahan apapun. (Chapter 18, Page mendorong bahu cowok itu supaya bisa menatap wajah Daniel. (Chapter 18, Page 385, Line 14)

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together. (Chapter 18, Page 395, Line 3)

menyambung. (Chapter 18, Page 385, Line 21)

177 I didn’t even that you could discover it on your own. (Chapter 18, Page 395, Line 5)

Aku bahkan tidak tahu kau bisa menebak sendiri.

Lalu menoleh kearah Penn dan Miss Sophia. (Chapter fingernails. (Chapter 18, Page 395, Line 14)

Kedua lututnya dilipat ke dagu dan ia menggingit kukunya dengan cepat.

Daniel melangkah mundur, (Chapter 18, Page 386, Line 4)

Literal Translation

181 He wave her off. (Chapter 18, Page 395, Line 22)

Daniel melambai kearah perempuan itu. (Chapter 18, Page 386, Line 8)

Adaptation

182 Luce shoock her head, confused by Miss Sophia’s request. (Chapter 18, Page 396, Line 3)

Luce menggeleng, mendengar permintaan Miss Sophia. (Chapter 18, Page 386, Line 18)

Equivalence

183 Miss Sophia said, stepping forward to position herself between them. (Chapter 18, Page 396, Line 5)

Kata Miss Sophia, melangkahh maju untuk berdiri diantara mereka.

Literal Translation

184 Luce reached around Miss Sophia for his wrist, (Chapter 18, Page 396, Line 9)

Luce mengulurkan tangan menghindari Miss Sophia untuk meraih pergelangan tangna Daniel, (Chapter 18, Page 386, Line 23)

Equivalence

185 But the librarian fended her off. (Chapter 18, Page 396, Line 10)

Tetapi petugas perpustakaan itu menangkis tangan Luce.

Literal Translation

186 Daniel broke away and turned forward the woods, (Chapter 18, Page 396, Line 22)

Daniel mundur dan berpaling kearah hutan.

187 To reflect off the tombs in the cemetery, (Chapter 18, Page 397, Line 15)

Terpantul pada makam-makam diperkuburan.

Equivalence

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multiply as it bounced back and forth. (Chapter 18, Page 397, Line 16)

dan berlipat ganda saat dipantulkan kedepan dan belakang. (Chapter 18, Page 387, Line 30)

189 The swarm of the of locust-shaped shadows that had vanished into the forest reached up overhead once again. (Chapter 18, Page 397, Line 24)

Kumpulan bayangan yang berbentuk belalang dan tadi menghilang kearah hutan kini muncul lagi diatas kepala. (Chapter 18, Page 388, Line 8)

Suaranya mulai terdengar seperti alat penyiram sabgat nerusuj dan meyala… (Chapter 18, Page 388, Line 14)

Kedua mata Cam berputar kearah Luce. (Chapter 18, menunjuk kearah Luce.

Kini berbebentuk ular gemuk tak berujung, melata sepanjang tubuhnya, (Chapter 18, Page 389, Line 23)

Literal Translation

196 His shadow-legions inched up accordingly, making Luce and Daniel, and Penn and Miss Sophia, inch back. (Chapter 18, Page 399, Line 22)

Pasukan bayangan itu ikut maju, membuat Luce, Daniel, Penn dan Miss Sophia mundur. (Chapter 18, Page 390, Line 2) menyebutkannya? Ya.

Luce berkata, memotong pembicaraan. (Chapter 18, Page 391, Line 4)

Adaptation

199 Finally Arriane spoke up. (Chapter 18, Page 401,

Akhirnya Arriane angkat bicara. (Chapter 18, Page

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Line 3) 391, Line 11) 200 Wrestling with and

chewing on each other, (Chapter 18, Page 401, Line 7)

Bergumul dan menggigit sesamanya. (Chapter 18, Page 391, Line 16)

Equivalence

201 Suddenly Daniel stumbled back, away from Luce, and pointed at her. (Chapter 18, Page 401, 12)

Tiba-tiba saja Daniel terhuyung kebelakang, jauh dari Luce, dan menunjuk kearah Luce.( Chapter 18, Page 391, Line 22)

Equivalence

202 “Get to part B, Daniel,” (Chapter 18, Page 401, Line 17)

“Lanjutkan kerencana B, Daniel,” (Chapter 18, Page 391, Line 27)

Modulation

203 She looked at Arriane and Gabbe for help, then shrank away from them as a host of silver twinkles began to flow over the roof of the mausoleum. (Chapter 18, Page 401, Line 23)

Luce menatap Arriane dan Gabbe untuk meminta pertolongan, lalu menjauh dari mereka saat sekumpulan kerlipan cahaya perak mulai mengembang dari atap bangunan makam besar.

Cahaya itu menghujani Arriane dan Gabbe,

Equivalence

205 When the light had been just right and she’d looked into her mother’s irises and seen the fireworks’ reflection, (Chapter 18, Page 402, Line 1)

Ketika cahanya benar-benar sempurna dan ia menatap ke pupil mata ibunya serta melihat bayangan kembang api,

(Chapter 18, Page 392, kebelakang.” (Chapter 18, Page 393, Line 11)

Berderap menanjak menuju gerbang pemakaman secepat ia meluncur kebawah saat mencari Daniel. (Chapter

Mereka melompati batu-batu dan berlari dilereng miring. (Chapter 18, Page 393, Line 24)

Equivalence

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opening up a jagged gorge. (Chapter 18, Page 403, Line 24)

menimbulkan jurang yang bergerigi. (Chapter 18,

Luce menurunkan Penn ketanah dan membalik tubuhnya. (Chapter 18, menahan kalian?”

Modulation

212 Luce looked up at Miss Sophia , willing her not to say how bad Penn’s injury looked. (Chapter 18, Page 405, Line 1)

Luce mendongak menatap Miss Sophia, mengiba kepadanya agar tidak mengatakan seberapa buruk luka Penn. (Chapter

Lalu mengulurkan kedua tangannya kebawah tubuh Penn dan mengangkat nya seperti orangtua menggendong anaknya ke tempat tidur. (Chapter 18,

Jalinan cahaya terpancar ratusan meter keatas dan membuat awan-awan bergolak. (Chapter 18, Page 395, Line 23)

215 Occasionally tearing tendrils free and carrying them off, (Chapter 18, Page 405, Line 22)

Sesekali melepas sulur-sulur dan membawanya pergi, (Chapter 18, Page

Perasaannya bergolak.

Modulation

217 Daniel had told her not to look back because he knew the sight of it would make her want to go to him. (Chapter 18, Page 406, Line 7)

Daniel melarangnya melihat kebelakang karena cowok itu tahu pemandangan yang tampak akan membuat Luce ingin kembali padanya. (Chapter 18, Page 396, Line 6)

Literal Translation

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219 “We need to get put of here. Where’s your car?” (Chapter 18, Page 406, Line 26)

Kita harus keluar sana. Dimana mobil anda?”

Equivalence

220 “I think for Penn’s sake we should stay down here. (Chapter 18, Page 407,

Miss Sophia menghela nafas membaringkan Penn dilantai batu, (Chapter 18, foyer one by one. (Chapter 18, Page 408, Line 2)

Luce menoleh kearah Miss Sophia, yang menutup away the dagger. (Chapter 18, Page 408, Line 27)

“Jangan!” Luce berteriak, mengulurkan tangan keatas untuk menghentikan Miss Sophia, menjauhkan belati. (Chapter 18, Page

Bola matanya berputar keatas ke atas pada kelopak matanya seperti saat ia berfikir. (Chapter her dying friend, unable to look at the woman who she’d thought was on their side. (Chapter 18, Page 409, Line 13)

Luce tersandung kebelakang, menutup mulut, tak sanggup berteriak dan tidak mampu mengalihkan pandangan dari temannya yang sekarat, tak sanggup menatap perempuan yang ia kira berada di pihaknya.

Bukan siapapun tetap diluar. (Chapter 18, Page 399, Line 10)

Literal Translation

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didalam. (Chapter 18, Page 399, Line 11)

4.2 ANALYSIS Table of analysis

No Procedures of Translation

Number of Data Total Percentage

1 Borrowing - 0 0 %

2 Calque 28 1 0.40%

3 Literal Translation 18, 19, 28, 38, 46, 51, 56, 65, 119, 120, 138, 140, 148, 180, 183, 185, 188, 195, 217, 228, 229

21 7.92%

4 Transposition 21, 64, 154, 3 1.13%

5 Modulation 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 20, 23, 27, 33, 36, 42, 48, 50, 50, 55, 58, 61, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 84, 85, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 101, 102, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 117, 123, 123, 125, 127, 131, 133, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 153, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 196, 196, 202, 203, 207, 207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 216, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 225, 227

107 40.37%

6 Equivalence 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 62, 62, 63, 65, 67, 70, 71, 73, 76, 76, 76, 79, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 96,

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99, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 119, 121, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 135, 137, 141, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 152, 155, 156, 157, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 182, 184, 186, 187, 191, 194, 197, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 210, 213, 214, 215, 218, 219, 221, 222, 226, 227.

7 Adaptation 1, 1, 2, 18, 37, 59, 162, 181, 198, 199.

10 3.77%

Total 265 100%

From the table of findings above, it is concluded that there is 1 phrasal verb translated using calque procedure ( 0.40 %), 21 phrasal verbs translated using literal translation procedure ( 7.92 %), 3 phrasal verbs translated using transposition procedure ( 1.13 %), 107 phrasal verbs translated using Modulation (40.37 %), 123 phrasal verbs translated by equivalence (46.41 %), 10 phrasal verbs translated by adaptation (3.77 %), and none of phrasal verbs translated by borrowing.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the data, it is obviously seen that there are so many phrasal verbs present in Lauren Kate’s “Fallen” and it is translated into Bahasa Indonesia as

“Terkutuk” by Fanny Yuanita. The data show that there are 265 phrasal verbs translated by using 7 procedures of translation as proposed by Vinay and Dalbernet (2000:84-93), namely: borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.

None of phrasal verbs present translated using borrowing procedure. There is 1 phrasal verb translated using calque procedure ( 0.40 %), 21 phrasal verbs translated using literal translation procedure ( 7.92 %), 3 phrasal verbs translated using transposition procedure ( 1.13 %), 107 phrasal verbs translated using Modulation (40.37 %), 123 phrasal verbs translated by equivalence (46.41 %), 10 phrasal verbs translated by adaptation (3.77 %).

It could be concluded that the procedure most commonly used in translating phrasal verbs is equivalence procedure at the number of 46.41%. Besides, phrasal verbs also have a role or usefulness very interesting to learn, especially in the novel is to beautify a series of words in each expression and able to attract the reader to read and explore the story implied.

5.2 Suggestion

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indulging our knowledge in understanding phrasal verbs in literatures will enrich our perception of linguistics and literature.

REFERENCES

Budijanto. 1993. Understanding and Using English Grammar, Second Edition.

Jakarta: Binapura Aksara.

Fanny, Yuanita. 2011. Novel: Terkutuk. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Greenbaun, Sidney-Quirk, Randolp. 1990. A Student Grammar English

Language,363-393.China.

Kate, Lauren. 2009. Novel:Fallen. New York: Random House Inc. Machali, Rochayah, 2000. Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. Jakarta: Grasindo.

Martin, Wren. 2011. High school English Grammar & Compositon. India: S. Chand Published.

Muchtar, Muhizar. 2011. Pernerjemahan: Teori, Praktik dan Kajian. Medan: Bartong Jaya.

Muchtar, Muhizar et.al. 2012. Pedoman Penulisan Proposal/ Skripsi dan Ujian Kompetensi Program Strata Satu (S1). Medan: FIB USU.

Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introduction Translation Studies. New York: 29 West 35th Street.

Thomson, Martinet. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Hong Kong. Venuti, Lauren. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.

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April 2009. Phrasal Verbs. Retrieved from http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/phrasal-verbs.html (March 2012)

Beare, Kenneth. 2012. What are Phrasal Verbs?. Retrieved from http://esl.about.com/cs/intermediate/f/f_phrasal.htm (March 2012)

Kuswandi, A. Metode Penelitian Sosial. Retrived from

http://aos-kuswandi.blogspot.com/2008/11/populasi-dan-sampel-penelitian.html (July 2012)

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APPENDICES

Author’s Biography and works

Lauren Kate, was born in Dayton, Ohio, occupation is an international bestselling author of young adult fiction. Kate was raised in Dallas, Texas, and attended college in Atlanta, Georgia. Kate has stated that her experience of the "Old South" in the Atlanta area inspired her to set Fallen in a Civil War era academy. Her books have been translated into over thirty languages include The Betrayal of Natalie Hargrove and Fallen, which reached #3 on The New York Times Best Seller List for children's chapter books on January 8, 2010. As of Wednesday, April 6, 2011, Fallen had spent one year and four months--with brief interruptions--on the List.

The Fallen series employs Kate's many months of theological research. She has stated she got the idea for the series from a line in Genesis that she came across whilst studying the Bible in graduate school in California.

Fallen series

 Fallen (December 9, 2009)

 Torment (September 28, 2010)

 Passion (June 14, 2011)

 Fallen In Love (January 24, 2012)

 Rapture (June 12, 2012)

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