L
EARNING
A
CHIEVEMENT OF THE
S
TUDENTS OF
E
NGLISH
S
TUDY
P
ROGRAM
P
OLITEKNIK
N
EGERI
J
EMBER BASED ON THE
S
CHOOL
B
ACKGROUND
Agus Setia Budi
Department of Language, Communication and Tourism, Politeknik Negeri Jember (POLIJE), Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Introduction
7KHEnglish Study Program at3ROLWHNQLN-HPEHU was ILUVWO\established to meet This study was conducted at WKHEnglish Stud\Program, Department
of Language, Communication and Tourism, Politeknik Negeri Jember. ,W was conducted to determine the influence of school background toward learning achievement of the students. This study used a quantitative approach. The population in this study ZDV the students who has completed their study at English Study Program. The samples were taken by using Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interview and documentation. The data wHUH obtained and analyzed by using parametric statistics consisted of normality test, homogeneity test, and T-Test. The result of data analysis showed H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected because the result of T-test showed that the value of sig. was 0.231. This means that H0 was accepted as a sig. greater than 0.05 (level of significance). It can be concluded that there was no significant difference in learning achievement between WKHstudents of English Study Program ZKRgraduatHG from senior high schools (SMA/MA) and WKRVHZho graduateGfrom vocational high schools (SMK).
Key words: learning achievement, English language
Besides, it conducts applied research in the field of English in accordance with the science and technology development as well as the needs of stakeholders and provides language services in the field of English required by the community such as training, consultation, examination and certification of local and international English test such as TOEFL, TOEIC, English Proficiency Test, etc., as well as translating and interpreting.
Student input of English Study Program are graduates of SMA/MA and SMK or its equivalent in East Java and other places in Indonesia. Based on the vision and mission, this study program aims to provide graduates in the field of Applied English who master English competencies communicatively and actively both in general (General English) and specific (English for Specific Purposes) and has additional competences in the field of tourism especially agrotourism.
Related to the input of new students mentioned above, English Study Program and Politeknik Negeri Jember conduct new student admission through two ways. They are talent scouting for admission (PMDK) and Polytechnic Entrance Examination (UMPN). This is done to improve the quality of student input of Politeknik Negeri Jember. PMDK participants are students who are graduate from SMU/MA and SMK. They are invited by Politeknik Negeri Jember and meet the criteria to choose English Study Program as the place of their study. They are graduates of SMU/MA with majors of Science/Social (IPA & IPS) and SMK for all majors. They must have the average score 6.5. While participants of UMPN are students who are graduate from SMU/MA or SMK. Their age are not more than 24 years.
From this data, it can be concluded that the students of English Study Program are graduates of SMU/MA or SMK. The students who are graduate from SMA/MA and the students from SMK have the same opportunity to be accepted by English Study Program because this study program is appropriate for all graduates either from SMA/MA or SMK. The average ratio between the number of students who enroll in the admission program and the students who are accepted by English Study Program is 1 : 3. This comparison shows that the competitiveness of English Study Program entrance is quite high. However the average score of their examination is 6.6. It indicates that the quality of students who are accepted by English Study Program is moderate.
is known that most of the industries or workplace will prioritize to accept graduates who have the ability above average. It is found that most of the graduates of English Study Program who are successful to get jobs in the workplace are the graduates with Great Avarage Point (GPA) of 3.0 or more.
Based on the result of self-evaluation conducted by English Study Program, especially related to the output of graduates, it is known that after studying at English Study Program for 6 semesters, they have different level of English skills and learning achievement. It is showed from their GPA. Their GPA are varied.
There are several factors that influence the success of their learning achievements during their study at English Study Program for 6 semesters. The first factor is their motivation in joinning education at English Study Program. The motivation greatly influences the success of the students during their studies at English Study Program because motivation can make the students make an effort to learn and achieve the result as they expect. As stated by Purwanto (1998) that motivation is driving a conscious effort to influence a person's behavior to do something based on the particular purpose. The second factor is the quality of human resources of the students who will join the English Study Program. The quality of student input is also very influential to the success of learning. The better quality of student input will certainly be greater success in achieving learning goals. Furthermore, Sunarto (2009) stated that one of the factors that affects the learning achievement is the maturity and readiness of students both physically and psychologically. The maturity and readiness of the students can be influenced by the quality of education, especially the quality of English teaching at a high school namely SMA/MA or SMK.
The quality of English teaching at SMA/MA and SMK will be largely determined by the existing curriculum at the school. The role of the curriculum is very significant in determining the success of the students‘ learning process. It was as stated by Nurhadi (2004) that the syllabus which is part of the curriculum is a set of plans and arrangements of learning activities, class management and learning outcome assessment. Components of syllabus include the students‘ competencies, how to develop the students‘ competencies and how to determine the achievement of the students‘ competencies. It is found that there is a fundamental difference between the curriculum of SMA/MA with the curriculum of SMK. The curriculum of SMK is designed to prepare the students to work while the curriculum of SMA/MA is designed to prepare the students to continue their education in the college. The difference of curriculum of SMA/MA and the curriculum of SMK will certainly affect the English teaching learning process at those schools.
achievement with the students who are graduate from SMK when they study at English Study Program. This assumption is based on the premise that there are some differences of education system and teaching English at SMA/MA and SMK. So, in this case, the researcher intends to know how far the influence of school background toward learning achievement of the students.
Methods
This study was conducted at English Studies Program, Department of Language, Communication and Tourism, Politeknik Negeri Jember. Subjects of this study were graduate students of English Study Program.
This study used a quantitative approach. It was a comparative study to determine the relationship between variables that could not be done by experiment research because independent variables has worked and has been impacting on the dependent variable (effect).
Researchers chose two groups of different subjects as independent variables to measure the influence on the dependent varibale of all subjects in the two groups (the students from SMA/MA and the students from SMK). This study was initiated on the issue (problem) and basic theory. Then, based on the problem, we formulated hypothesis. To prove the hypothesis, we conducted subsequent verification by collecting the data or facts through observation and documentation. The facts were systematically collected in accordance with the plan, then analyzed and finally the the conclusion was drawn.
Data obtained in this research was secondary data in the form of GPA transcript of the students of English Study Program who has completed their study at this study program. Secondary data is data that is collected, processed, and presented by the other party, which already existed in the form of documents.
Variables in this study consisted of independent and dependent variables. Independent variable was the students of English Study Program who were graduate from SMA/MA and SMK. While, the dependent variable was the learning achievement of English Study Program students during their study at English Study Program.
received in the comparative study was 20 subjects per group. The determination of this sample was applied as stated by Sugiyono (2010) that the minimum number of samples in the research of this type is 10 times of the number of variables studied.
There were several intsruments used by the researchers in this study. The first instrument was the observation sheet. The observation was done to determine the condition directly of the English teaching learning process at SMA/MA as well as at SMK. The second instrument is the interview guides. Interview was conducted to complete the data of observation. In this case, the researcher conducted interview with the English teachers at SMA/MA and SMK. While the third instrument used in this study is the document. Documentation in the form of GPA transcripts of English Study Program students of all subjects covered during the sixth semesters.
The collected data was analyzed by using some tests. The tests were Normality Test, Homogeneity Test and T-Test. The Normality Test was done to determine whether the distribution of the data followed the standard of normal distribution law of Gauss or not. Here, the researcher used one sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows to test for normality of the data. Then, the Homogeneity Test was done to determine whether there was a variance or not of the two different groups. The test was done to determine whether the variance was homogeneous or heterogeneous. The expected data was homogeneous data. In this study, the homogeneous data was tested by using One-Way ANOVA test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The last, the method used to analyze data in this study was inferential statistics. Inferential statistics had two functions. It was used to estimate and test the hypothesis. Based on the distribution and scale of the data, this study used parametric statistics. Because the data was an interval scale, this parametric statistics used a comparison T-test, especially Independent Sample Test.
Findings and Discussion
1. Learning Achievement Based on the Students’ School Background
Learning achievement was the result of the teaching learning process. The following data was about the learning achivement of the students of English Study Program after they studied at English Study Program, Politeknik Ngeeri Jember. The data was presented in the form of Great Point Avarage (GPA) of all the subjects they studied for three years in six semesters.
a. The Students of English Study Program Who were from SMA/MA
No. Name of Students School Background GPA
1 Dwi Nurlaela Maulidya SMUN 1 BALUNG 2.61
2 Fadliyah Dwi Rahayu SMUN 1 SITUBONDO 3.38
3 Yudana Teguh Adie S. SMA WIDYA MANDALA 2.18
4 Yudho Prasetyo SMAN 1 PRAMBON 2.57
5 Mohammad Dassir SMU NURUL ISLAM JEMBER 3.03
6 Meity Racma Putri SMA NEGERI 2 JEMBER 3.38
7 Khoirina Maulidianingrum SMUN 2 JEMBER 3.14
8 Deddy Teguh Leomartha SMUN 1 BONDOWOSO 2.91
9 Anisatul Faida MA ALQODIRI 2.99
10 Ida Agustini SMA 1 PROBOLINGGO 2.92
11 Nuning Wijayanti SMAN 3 BONDOWOSO 2.84
12 Akhmad Hubil Hair MAN 1 JEMBER 3.23
13 Feri Prima Rianto S. SMAN 1 ARJASA 2.89
14 Essa Angga Wardhana SMAN 1 JEMBER 2.99
15 Nugrahaning Tyas SMAN 1 NGUTER 2.73
16 Elfiatin Intan MA MIFTAHUL ULUM SUREN 2.82
17 Harum Ayu M.P MAN 1 JEMBER 3.18
18 Achmad Ghoffur R SMA MUHAMMADYAH 3 JEMBER 2.95
19 Dwiky fuad hamzah SMA PAHLAWAN JEMBER 2.92
20 Hery Purwanto SMA NEGERI 3 JEMBER 2.85
TOTAL 58.51
MEAN 2.93
Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the mean of GPA of 20 graduated students who were graduate from SMA/MA was 2.93. This GPA can be catagorized good.
b. The Students of English Study Program Who Were from SMK
The learning achievement of the students English Study program who were graduate from SMK was as follows:
No. Name of Students School Background GPA
1 Lizard Nawma Pia Pongoh SMEA MUHAMMADYAH 1 2.95 2 Wulida Laili Wulandari SMKDU II BPP-TEKNOLOGI 3.68
3 M.Luthfi Harianto SMKN 1 SUKORAMBI 2.7
4 Fitriani Juniati SMK KARTINI JEMBER 3.14
5 Zaenal Arifin SMK IBRAHIMY SITUBONDO 3.52
6 Wylson Arif A STM PGRI 1 KERTOSONO 2.52
7 Yusria Sisca Dewi SMK NEGERI 1 PANJI 3.23
8 Dian Kartika Septi P SMK PGRI 1 LUMAJANG 2.74
10 Ocsy Benny Permadi SMK BERDIKARI JEMBER 2.74
11 Virdina Permatasari SMKN 3 JEMBER 3.37
12 Lutfi Oktavia Sari SMKN 10 SURABAYA 3.3
17 Dwi Harini Damayanti SMKN 1 BONDOWOSO 2.92
18
To know wehther there was a difference or not of learning achievement between the students of English Study Program who were graduate from SMA/MA and students from SMK, their GPA should be tested by using a comparison T-test, especially Independent Sample Test. But, before the data tested by using T-Test, based on the requirement of parametric statistics analysis, the data should be tested first by using Normality Test and Homogeneous Test. In doing Normality Test, the researcher used one sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with SPSS 16.0, while for Homogeneous Test, the researcher used One-Way ANOVA test with SPSS 16.0 .
.153 20 .200* .945 20 .294
.123 20 .200* .973 20 .809
From the result of Normality Test in table above, it was found that the score of sig (p) = 0,2. It can be concluded that the data of samples in this study was normal. The data was regarded normal if the score sig (p) > 0,05. So, the data of GPA of the students of English Study program used in this study was normal because the score was 0.2 > 0.05.
b. Homogeneous Test
After the data was tested by using One-Way ANOVA test with SPSS 16.0., the result was as follows:
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
IPK
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.484 1 38 .231
ANOVA
IPK
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups .143 1 .143 1.629 .210
Within Groups 3.331 38 .088
Total 3.474 39
From the result of Homogeneous Test in the table above, it was found that the score of sig (p) = 0.231. It can be comcluded that the data of samples in this research was homogeneous. The data was regarded homogeneous if the score of sig (p) > 0.05. So, the data of GPA of students of English Study Program used in this study was homogeneous because the score was 0.231> 0,05.
c. T-Test
Group Statistics
School
Background N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. T Df achievement between the students who were graduate from SMA/MA and the students who were graduate from SMK). H1: m1≠ m2 (there was a difference of learning achievement between the students who were graduate from SMA/MA and the students who were graduate from SMK).
was no significant difference of learning achievement between the students who were graduate from SMA/MA and the students who were graduate from SMK.
From the result of data analysis above, it can be concluded that the English proficiency of the students of English Study Program who were graduate from SMA/MA was equal with the students who were graduate from SMK. There was no significant difference of the students‘ learning achievement. It indicated that the student input of English Study Program have the same quality of English proficiency whether they were from SMA/MA or from SMK. Based on the result of observation and interview with the English teacher at SMA/MA and SMK, eventhough there was a difference between the curriculum of English subject between SMA/MA and SMK. But, in fact, the English teachers of SMA/MA and SMK applied the similar material and method. According to them, the material of National Examination (UN) for SMA/MA and SMK students were the same. So, in order to make the students get good score, they used the similar material and method. Finally, this practice made the graduated students of SMA/MA and SMK have the same quality of English proficiency.
Conclusion
The result of this study showed that the average score of GPA of the students of English Study Program who were graduate from SMA/MA was 2.93. While, the average score of GPA of the students of English Study Program who were graduate from SMK was 3.05. The average score of both GPA were catagorized good.
After the GPA score of the students analyzed by using Hypotheisis Test. It was done by using a comparison T-test, especially Independent Sample Test. It was found that H0 was accepted and H1 was rejected because the result of T-Test showed that the score of sig. = 0.231. It means that H0 was accepted because the score of sig. greater than 0.05 (level of by using Differential Test Significance). So, it can be concluded that there was no significant difference of learning achievement between the students who were graduate from SMA/MA and the students who were graduate from SMK.
Suggestions
By considering the result of the study, the researcher intended to give some suggestions to the following parties:
1. Politeknik Negeri Jember
who were graduate from SMK. So, in doing educational promotion, Politeknik Negeri Jember does not only focus on promotion at SMK but also at SMA/MA because the quality of student input from high school like SMA/MA was equal and they had the appropriateness to continue their study at Politeknik Negeri Jember.
2. The Researcher
The result of this study can be used as reference for them and they can conduct a similar study to investigate why there was no significant difference of English proficiency between the students who were graduate from SMA/MA and the students were graduate from SMK. Then, the result of the study can be used as a reference in designing the curriculum of English subject at SMA/MA as well as at SMK.
References
Nurhadi. 2004. Kukrikulum 2004. Pertanyaan dan Jawaban. Jakarta: Grasindo Purwanto, N. 1994. Psikologi Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Soemanto, W. 1990. Psikologi Pendidikan, Landasan Kerja Pemimpin Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
