THE EFFECT OF SEQUENCING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF THE SECOND YEAR STUDENT AT SMP N 2
PASIR PENYU
*Sati Juli Ayuri, **Khulaifiyah,**Diyah Ayu Risqiani **Dosen FKIP Universitas Islam Riau
*Mahasiswi FKIP Universitas Islam Riau
Abstract: This research was an experimental research that was done at the second grade students of SMP N 2 Pasir Penyu academic year 2013/2014. The purpose of this research was to obtain the students reading comprehension taught by using sequencing strategy and not taught by using sequencing strategy. The population of this research was the second year students of SMP Negeri 2 Pasir Penyu. The sample of this research were class VIII.3 as experimental group consisted of 28 students and class VIII.2 consisted of 28 students as control group. This research focused on sequencing strategy of students’ reading comprehension. The instrument of this research was reading comprehension test. The results of these tests were taken as data of this research. The data collection technique that the researchers used to analyze data was t-test. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected. In other word, there was positive effect of students’ reading comprehension after using Sequencing Strategy. So, the use of Sequencing is effective on students reading comprehension of the second year students at SMP Negeri 2 Pasir Penyu.
Key Words:Sequencing Strategy and Reading comprehension.
INTRODUCTION
Reading is power, but for students to believe that reading is power, should be put in position to experience the power of reading.Reading skill for junior high school, there is one basic competence that should be achieved by the students of the second year of junior high school.The students are able to comprehend and give response in monologue text or essay which is use written language variation accurately, fluently in the form narrative, descriptive, report, and analytical exposition text.Teaching reading in school is not separated from reading text, yet in fact, it was difficult for students to read English text. The difficulties and the obstacles in reading were also faced by students of SMP N 2 Pasir Penyu. Even though they were taught effectively, but they tended not to give a good result accoring to curriculum in comprehending reading texts. The symptoms were some of the students didnot explore their ability in reading.Besides, the students were still confused of the existence of different text task such as how to get factual information from the text, identify the meaning and purpose, guessing vocabulary in the content and identify inference and reference and understand the conclusion. The third, the students were still less in vocabulary mastery. After, the student could not read aloud because theywas bad in pronounciation. It made them less confident.From symptoms above, the researchers realized that the students need some new strategy to overcome their issues.
reading comprehension of the second year students at SMP N 2 Pasir Penyu. In order to answer the question, the hypothesis of The Null Hypothesis ( Ho) and The Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) were needed.
The Nature of Reading
According AD-Heisat (2009:1), reading is essential to students’ academic achievement and involves a complicated process. Reading is an activity which involves thought and texts a purpose. Someone may read for many reasons. He or she may read in order to gain more knowledge and information, to critique a writer’s ideas or to get pleasure. However, reading needs to be improved constantly through practice with different types well. Readers who have good reading skills will have better understanding than those who have less reading skills. In addition reading is a dynamic process in which the reader works actively to construct meaning from the material (Barton in Bell, 2005:1).In the reading process, readers use reading strategies, linguistic knowledge along with their background knowledge about the text’s topic and structure to achieve their purpose for reading (Peregoy and Boyle in Ahmad AD-Heisat, (2009:3). Garner in Ahmad AD-Heisat (2009:3) defines reading strategies as an action or series of actions employed in order to construct meaning. And Oxford and Crookall in Ahmad AD-Heisat (2009:3) define strategies as learning techniques, behaviors, problem-solving or study skill which makes learning more effective and efficient.According to Nunan (2003:68) reading is a fluent process of readers combining information from a text and their own background knowledge to build meaning. In reading text, we read the text from word by word, sentence by sentence, and paragraph by paragraph go get the meaning of the text.According to Karen,comprehension is a process, not a product. Readers filter understanding through the lens of their motivation, knowledge, cognitive abilities, and experiences. Effective readers have a purpose for reading, and use their background knowledge and experiences to relate to the text.
According to Burnes(1991:45), reading comprehends written discourse. It is an interactive process, approcess in which the reader engages in exchange of ideas with author via text. In this context, readers’ understanding of a text is kind of exchange ideas with the author. When a reader reads a text, an understanding of the text is created in the reader’s mind. The process of contructing a situation model is called”comprehension process”.
Reading comprehension is dependent on three factors. The firstfactor is that the reader has command of the linguistic structures of thetext. The second factor is that the reader is able to exercise metacognitivecontrol over the content being read. This means that the reader isable to monitor and reflect on his or her own level of understandingwhile reading the material. The third and most important criterion influencingcomprehension is that the reader has adequate background in thecontent and vocabulary will be presents.
The component of reading according to King and Stanley (1989:330) are: 1. Finding factual information.
Factual information requires students to scan specific detail of text. The types of question can be about reason, purposes, result, comparison, means, identify, times and amount in with most of the answer can be found in the text.
Main idea is the main topic that is being discussed in a paragraph. Finding the main idea is not always in the first sentence, it can be the middle or in the last sentence of the paragraph. Main idea will help students guess what the paragraph is about.
3. Guessing vocabulary in context
It means the students could develop his/her by relating the meaning of the unfamiliar words in that is read.
4. Reference
Reference words are repeating the same words or phrase several times, after it has been used, students can usually refer to it rather than repeat it. Reference words will help students to understand the reading text, reference words usually short and very frequently pronouns, such asshe, he, it, they, him/her,and many others.
5. Inference
Understanding is the most important in reading comprehension whether is explicit or implicit messages from the text. Therefore, the students are expected to make accurate prediction can be made by correctly interpreting the indicators a writer’s gives.
The Nature of Sequencing Strategy
According to Nunan(2003: 76) strategies are the tools for active, self directed involvement that is necessary for developing communicative ability. Sequencing is one of the many strategies that contributes to students' ability to comprehend what they read. Sequencing refers to the identification of the components of a story, such as the beginning, middle, and end, and also to the ability to retell the events within a given text in the order in which they occurred.
Sequencing is the process of putting story sequence procedural in the order in which they occurred. Teachers may recognize this concept as order of events. This strategy can help students begin to understand how the sequence in a story are organized, and the importance that order has on the text. Students might be asked to identify important sequence from a passage to practice sequencing. Students can be asked to identify the paragraphs each event can be found in by writing the number of the paragraph next to each box. In this way, students can easily identify which procedural is missing.
Based on Education Network Teachervision (2012), states that Practicing sequencing helps remedy both of these issues and makes this aspect of reading comprehension second nature. If students are encouraged to identify the parts of a story, for instance, they will be better able to retell it to someone else, as it is a more manageable task to think of a story in pieces—the beginning, middle, and end—rather than try to recall it as one large chunk. Sequencing activities also provide an opportunity for students to examine text and story structure.This strategy can help students begin to understand how the events of story are recognized, and the importance that order has on the text in reading process. The students might be asked to identify important events from a passage to practice sequencing. Sequencing also helps students to think deeply when reading text by using their feeling and ideas about text. the students will get good inputs in their learning process by using sequencing strategy.
a. The teacher Prepare a text, cut into paragraghs or sentences. Glue these into jumbled order and photocopy for each students or pair of students.
b. The students cut up their copy of jumbled text into piece.
c. As the Important Component, the students read the piece one by one and the students predict what will come next and than they arrange the pieces into a well ordered text. d. The teacher help the students to confirm their prediction and do self correcting if the text does not flow because their prediction is wrong and the students must justify each placement of the pieces also.
METHODOLOGY
The type of this research was a quasi experimental research type. There were two variables: independent variable and a dependent variable. In this case, the independent variable was teaching reading text by using Sequencing strategy and dependent variable was the results of teaching reading by using Sequencing Strategy. In this research, the sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group and control group. The teaching reading by using sequencing strategy was as experimental and the teaching without sequencing strategy was as the control group.
The Population of this research is the second year students at SMP N 2 Pasir Penyu in 2013-2014 academic years. Meanwhile, the sample of this research was 56 students consisted of 2 classes for both experimental and control class.
The Instrument of Research
In this study, the researchers used two series of test, pre-test and post-test, that was used as research instrument to get the score of the students. The pre-test was used to determine students’ reading comprehension before getting the treatment, and post test was used to determine students’ reading comprehension after getting the treatment.1. Pre-test
The instrument of this research was reading test in form of essay test. The test consisted of five reading test with 25 questions in various topics. Before treatment, the students in experimental and control group would be given pre-test. The purpose was to know the students’ reading comprehension in teaching Narrative text before treatment. Pre-test was conducted for first meeting. The test consisted of five Narrative texts.
2. Post-test
After treatment had been done, the researchers gave post-test to the students. It was aimed to know whether there would be effect on students’ reading comprehension in Narrative text by implementing Sequencing strategy. It was done to figure out whether there would be or no significant or result between these groups.
Both pre-test and post test were given by same materials. It consisted of five parts of the test target. They were: analysis characters, finding the theme, finding setting, guessing vocabulary in context and to know the ending. The totals of questions were 25.
Technique of Data Analysis
(Wayan and Sunartama, 1986:76) Where:
P = individual score X = correct answer
1. N = Number of questionTo find out the standard Deviation (
=
Where:
=the average of score
Ʃ = the number of students’ score
N = the number of students’ in experimental group (J.D. Brown, 1991:66)
2. To find out the variance Variance =
Where:
= total score
N = number of students I = constant Number
(Hatch and Farhady, 1982)
3. To find out the result of Standard Deviation
SD =
Where :
SD = standard deviation
Ʃ(X – X) = sigma of individual deviation of students’ score N = the number of students in each group
1 = constant number
(Hatch and Farhady,1982)
4. The final step was To find out the t-test Tobs
Where:
T = the t-value (t-test)
Xe = the average score of experimental group X c = the average score of control group.
To find out degree of freedom the following formula is used:
Df=(Ne-1)+(Nc-1)
Where:
Df= degree of freedom
Nc= the number of respondent in control group 1=constant number
(Hatch and Farhady, 1982:111)
If the value t-calculated is smaller than t-table, there is significant or null hypothesus is rejected. Vice versa, if the value t-calculated is bigger than value t-table, it means there is no significant or alternative hypothesis is accepted.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
After gathering and analyzing the whole data, the researchers served the data completely as below:
The result of Pre-Test Experiment Class
No Name X1 X X1-X (X1-X)2
1 Sample 1 32 32 0 0
2 Sample 2 36 32 4 16
3 Sample 3 24 32 -8 64
4 Sample 4 32 32 0 0
5 Sample 5 36 32 4 16
6 Sample 6 40 32 8 64
7 Sample 7 44 32 12 144
8 Sample 8 16 32 -16 256
9 Sample 9 20 32 -12 144
10 Sample 10 16 32 -16 256
11 Sample 11 32 32 0 0
12 Sample 12 20 32 -12 144
13 Sample 13 24 32 -8 64
14 Sample 14 48 32 16 256
15 Sample 15 44 32 12 144
16 Sample 16 24 32 -8 64
17 Sample 17 56 32 24 576
18 Sample 18 36 32 4 16
19 Sample 19 32 32 0 0
20 Sample 20 28 32 -4 16
21 Sample 21 44 32 12 144
22 Sample 22 36 32 4 16
23 Sample 23 16 32 -16 256
24 Sample 24 48 32 16 256
25 Sample 25 36 32 4 16
26 Sample 26 16 32 -16 256
27 Sample 27 20 32 -12 144
28 Sample 28 40 32 8 64
Based on table, it could be seen that the calculation of the students’ score of pre-test of experimental class was 896. The average of the students’s score was 32 and varience of the data 125,62 and standard of deviation was 11,20.
The Pre-test Result of Control Class
No Name X1 X X1-X (X1-X)2
1 Sample 1 24 27,14 -3,14 9,85
2 Sample 2 24 27,14 -3,14 9,85
3 Sample 3 20 27,14 -7,14 50,97
4 Sample 4 36 27,14 8,94 79,92
5 Sample 5 16 27,14 -11,14 124,09
6 Sample 6 32 27,14 4,94 24,40
7 Sample 7 20 27,14 -7,14 50,97
8 Sample 8 28 27,14 0,94 0,88
9 Sample 9 20 27,14 -7,14 50,97
10 Sample 10 28 27,14 0,94 0,88
11 Sample 11 28 27,14 0,94 0,88
12 Sample 12 16 27,14 -11,14 124,09
13 Sample 13 52 27,14 24,94 622,00
14 Sample 14 20 27,14 -7,14 50,97
15 Sample 15 32 27,14 4,94 24,40
16 Sample 16 24 27,14 -3,14 9,85
17 Sample 17 24 27,14 -3,14 9,85
18 Sample 18 40 27,14 12,94 167,44
19 Sample 19 48 27,14 20,94 438,48
20 Sample 20 24 27,14 -3,14 9,85
21 Sample 21 40 27,14 12,94 167,44
22 Sample 22 16 27,14 -11,14 124,09
23 Sample 23 28 27,14 0,94 0,88
24 Sample 24 24 27,14 -3,14 9,85
25 Sample 25 32 27,14 4,94 24,40
26 Sample 26 32 27,14 4,94 24,40
27 Sample 27 16 27,14 -11,14 124,09
28 Sample 28 16 27,14 -11,14 124,09
Total 760 2459,83
Based on table, it could be seen that the calculation of students’ score for pre-test of control class was 760. The average of students score was 27,14 and varience was 91,10 and standard deviation was 9,54.
.The Post-test Result of Experiment Class
No Name X1 X X1-X (X1-X)2
1 Sample 1 56 76,85 -20,85 434,72
2 Sample 2 80 76,85 3,15 9,82
4 Sample 4 84 76,85 7,15 51,12
5 Sample 5 84 76,85 7,15 51,12
6 Sample 6 84 76,85 7,15 51,12
7 Sample 7 56 76,85 -20,85 434,72
8 Sample 8 56 76,85 -20,85 434,72
9 Sample 9 80 76,85 3,15 9,82
10 Sample 10 76 76,85 -0,85 0,72
11 Sample 11 72 76,85 -4,85 23,52
12 Sample 12 76 76,85 -0,85 0,72
13 Sample 13 76 76,85 -0,85 0,72
14 Sample 14 84 76,85 7,15 51,12
15 Sample 15 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
16 Sample 16 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
17 Sample 17 72 76,85 -4,85 23,52
18 Sample 18 68 76,85 -8,85 78,32
19 Sample 19 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
20 Sample 20 84 76,85 7,15 51,12
21 Sample 21 80 76,85 3,15 9,82
22 Sample 22 56 76,85 -20,85 434,72
23 Sample 23 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
24 Sample 24 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
25 Sample 25 32 76,85 -44,85 2011,52
26 Sample 26 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
27 Sample 27 76 76,85 -0,85 0,72
28 Sample 28 88 76,85 11,15 124,32
Total 2152 5057,46
Based on table, it can be seen that calculation of students’ score for post-test of experiment class was 2152.
The average of the students’ score was 76,85 and varience of the data was 187,31 and standard deviation was 13,68.
The Post-test Result of Control Class
No Name X1 X X1-X (X1-X)2
1 Sample 1 40 55,71 -15,71 246,80
2 Sample 2 64 55,71 8,29 68,72
3 Sample 3 52 55,71 -3,71 13,76
4 Sample 4 52 55,71 -3,71 13,76
5 Sample 5 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
6 Sample 6 48 55,71 -7,71 59,44
7 Sample 7 68 55,71 12,29 151,04
8 Sample 8 56 55,71 0,29 0,08
9 Sample 9 56 55,71 0,29 0,08
10 Sample 10 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
11 Sample 11 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
13 Sample 13 64 55,71 8,29 68,72
14 Sample 14 68 55,71 12,29 151,04
15 Sample 15 64 55,71 8,29 68,72
16 Sample 16 68 55,71 12,29 151,04
17 Sample 17 72 55,71 16,29 265,36
18 Sample 18 16 55,71 -39,71 1576,88
19 Sample 19 52 55,71 -3,71 13,76
20 Sample 20 64 55,71 8,29 68,72
21 Sample 21 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
22 Sample 22 56 55,71 0,29 0,08
23 Sample 23 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
24 Sample 24 56 55,71 0,29 0,08
25 Sample 25 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
26 Sample 26 60 55,71 4,29 18,40
27 Sample 27 20 55,71 -35,71 1275,20
28 Sample 28 44 55,71 -11,71 137,12
Discussion
It was found that tobservationwas 20,76 and ttable.Meanwhile the value of t table on the degree of freedom 54this level of significant for two tail test is 2,000. It was seen that tobs> tt.It means that using sequencing strategy gave positive effect to the students’ reading comprehension. Therefore the null hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted. It means that there was a significant effect of using sequencing strategy on students’ reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 2 Pasir Penyu.
CONCLUSION
As the conclusion of the research are:
a. Sequencing strategy gives significant effect in student’ reading comprehension of the second year students at SMP Negeri 2 Pasir Penyu.
b. There is significant difference between the students’ reading comprehension that taught by sequencing strategy and traditional strategy, in order word sequencing strategy is affective to students reading comprehension of the second year students at SMP Negeri 2 Pasir Penyu.
c. After conducting sequencing strategy, the second year students’ reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 2 Pasir Penyu has improvemed and effective effect. It can be seen from the result of pre-test and post-test of the students.
Suggestion
Since reading is not easy to do, the teacher should find the appropriate strategy that can help students understand and involve in teaching and learning process. Sequencing strategy can help the teacher to help the student want to read the text more focus and analyze the text so the students more effectively to answer the questions from the text.
The problem that students face in process sequencing strategy were they doubt to arrange paragraph become order correct text. They should pay more attention to students’ direction. The researchers suggest that English teachera can use Sequencing strategy. In conducting this research, the researchers know that there was just a little variation used. So that, hopefully teachers can use more varient steps in teaching reading by using sequencing strategy.
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