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S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
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.. .. .. .. .. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … S R E N I M A X E F O D R A O B F O E G A P
.. .. .. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … N O I T A C I D E D F O E G A P
. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T S
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P
. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … T C A R T S B A
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… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
.. . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … N O I T C U D O R T N I 1 R E T P A H C
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1 Objecitve soft heStudy……… 4
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1 Benefti soft heStudy……… 5
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1 De ifniitono fTerms………..
. … … .. … … … … … … … E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R N O W E I V E R 2 R E T P A H C
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2 .1.1.5Listeningt oOneOwns efl………..….…….
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2.1.2Theoryo fExistence………..
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2.1.2.2Being………...…
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.. .. .. . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Y G O L O D O H T E M 3 R E T P A H C
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … y d u t S e h t f o t c e j b O 1 .
3 …...
.. .. .. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . … … … … … s e h c a o r p p A 2 . 3
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4 Letitngt heSel fEmerge..… ... …….……... 4
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4 BeingHones tandTakingResponsiblitiy… .. 5
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4 Listeningt oOneOwns efl…...……...….… 6
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4 UsingI ntelilgence...….…………...…....…... 7
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4 ReailzingandHavingPeakExpeirence..…... 8
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r o e h T y r a r e ti L o t g n i d r o c c
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Jonathan Livingston Seagull tha ti sw irtten by Richard Bach take sthe
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i main i ssue .The book t ell sabou tJonathan as t he main
. e fi l s i h t u o b a n o it c e f r e p n w o s i h , m a e r d n w o s i h s a h o h w r e t c a r a h c
t s a rt n o c e fi l f o n o it c e f r e p s i h , y l e t a n u tr o f n
U s to hi ssocial’ s though to fthe
n o it c e f r e
p . Accordingt oJonathan ,a saseagull ,hi sperfecitoni st heab litiy t o lfy .t
i m il e h t d r a w o t , y k s e h t e v o b a p
n o it a v it o
m andl ove ni shi l fiea shi sperfeciton ,becausei nr eachinghi sperfeciton
s i h g n i s u m a e r d s i h h c a e r o t s a h n a h t a n o
J moitvaitont opracitceandalsohisl ove
d l u o c n a h t a n o J , s p e t s e s o h t g n i w o ll o f y B . s ll u g a e s r e h t o e h t o t y ti li b a s i h e r a h s o t
. n o it c e fr e p s i h h c a e
r In conrtast ,Jonathan’ ssurroundingst hink t hatt heperfeciton
ll u g a e s a f
o ’ s lfie i sto gathe rand collect food to survive .Because o fthi s
o e c n e r e f fi
d ft houghts ,Jonathan i soutcaste d from hi ssoc yiet , t he othe rseagull s
e r o n g i , m i h e r o n g
i hi sdream o f lfying .Being ignored and outcasted ,Jonathan
p u s e v i g r e v e
n ni reaching hi sdream .Healwayst irest o l earn and pracitcet o lfy
l o c y l n o t o n s i y n it s e d s i h t a h t s k n i h t s y a w l a e H . e m it y r e v
e lecitng ifsh a shi s
t u b , d o o
f heha ssomething elset ha thecould do, t hati s lfying beyond ilmti .He
e r o n g
i s hi ssocia lthought sabou twha ta seagul lcould do. By igno irng tha t
e h , t h g u o h
t could show t o t hesociety o fhi sownt ha tseagul lcoulddosomething
e H . d o o f g n it c e ll o c s e d i s e b e s l
e couldbreakt hei deat ha tha sbeenfollowedbyt he
y ll a n if n a h t a n o J . d o o f g n it c e ll o c t u o b a s r a e y r o f y t e i c o
s could show hi sdream t o
y
lf beyond ilmi.t
l l u g a e S n o t s g n i v i L n a h t a n o
J i sa nove ltha ttell sabou ttwo kind so f
y ti n u m m o c l a i c o s e h t y b d l e h s i h c i h w n o it c e f r e p , e fi l n i s n e p p a h t a h t n o it c e f r e p
e h t y b n o it c e f r e p g n o r w a s a d e r e d i s n o c s i h c i h w n o it c e f r e p l a n o s r e p d n a s r a e y r o f
b l a i c o
s ecausei tbreakst heusua lhabti .Thekindo fdfiferen tconsideraitons abou t
n o it c e f r e p n a m u
h couldbef oundi nou rdaliyl fie .Thi snoveli sdiscussed because
e s o l c s i n a h t a n o J f o y r o t s e h
t ot daliy lfie .People moslty havet o ifght t o reach
r i e h
t ownperfeciton ,bu tno tal lpeoplearebraveenought obreakt heparadigmo f
e b s a h t a h t t h g u o h t l a i c o
t o m e b l li w e l p o e p y n a m , l e v o n s i h t n i n o it c e f r e
p ivatedandi nspriedt or eachthei r
o it c e f r e p d n a m a e r
d nwtihou tbeingafraid o fbreakingt hesocialt hough tasf a ra s
. e fi l n w o r i e h t r o f t h g ir g n i h t e m o s o d y e h t
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P 2 . 1
e h
T problemoft hiss tudyi sformulatedasf ollows:
t a h
W dot heconfilct sthatJ onathanencountersr evea laboutt hei deao fperfeciton
n
i JonathanLivingstonSeagull?
y d u t S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O 3 . 1
s t c il f n o c e h t n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h t t u o d n if o t d e t c u d n o c s i y d u t s s i h T
n e p p a h t a h
t in Jonathan’sl fieand t hei deao fpefreciton .Thi sstudy also aims to
d n
if outt hemeaningo fperfecitona srevealedi nt hi snove.l
y d u t S e h t f o s ti f e n e B 4 . 1
Thi sstudy provide sa deepe rlook a tJonathan Livingston Seagul land d n a y d u t s s i h t n i n o it c e f r e p t u o b a n o i s s u c s i d e h T . l e v o n e h t f o s s e n h c ir e h t s l a e v e r
ti h c a e r o t w o
h contirbute sto the reader’ sunderstanding on the insight swhich
y ti r u t a m n i w o r g o t m e h t p l e h y a
m .
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D 5 . 1
There are some t ermsi n t hi sstudy t ha tneed some clairifcaiton t o avoid
1 . 5 .
1 Perfeciton
n o it c e f r e p , y d u t s s i h t n
I referst othecondiitonwhenasubjec to ran objec t
. s s e n e l o h w s ti s e h c a e
r Perfeciton i sachieved and when tii sachieved, t heperson
e t e l p m o c s l e e
f (Refers t o Introduciton t o Psychology ,p .401) .Thereason why a
rt s y a w l a n o s r e
p ie sto ifnd the goa lo fhi slfie i sbecause he want sto fli lhi s
s i h , n o it c e f r e p s i h s d n if n o s r e p e h t s s e n it p m e s i h t g n il li fl u f y B . s s e n it p m e
. s s e n e l o h
w Pefreciton in thi snove lrefer sto the meaning o flfie tha tJonathan
h g u o r h t g n i o g s i e h e li h w s e v e i h c
a theproces soff uflliilnghi sdream .
2 . 5 .
1 Confilct
Int hi sstudy,confilc treferst ot hecondiiton whentwobasicp irnciple sare
t s n i a g
a each othe rand those two basic p irnciple shave thei rown consequence s
o t s r e f e R
( Psychology :Principle sand Appilcaiton ,p .726) .A person wli lge tan
e s o o h c e h f i e c n e u q e s n o c
A s thef ris tp irnciple ,buthewli lalsoge tBconsequence
p d n o c e s e h t s e s o o h c e h f
i irnciple .A person should think carefully abou thi s
a w t o n s e o d e h f i e c i o h
c n tto ge ta bad consequence from hi sdecision .In the
, y r o t
s t heconfilc tari hsesw ne themain characte ri sgoingt hrough t heprocess fo
m a e r d s i h g n i h c a e
r .Whliegoingt of uflli lhi sdream ,Jonathanha sconfilc tagains t
f o e s u a c e b , y t e i c o s s i h d n a f l e s m i
e r a w a d o o g a e v a h o t s a h g n i e b n a m u h , n o it a z il a u t c
a nes soft hesesignal sbecause e
h t d a e l ll i w s l a n g i s e s e h
t humanbeing tiseflt o ifndt hemeaningofl fie . s
t n e m e ri u q e r e m o s e r a e r e h
T to be fuliflled by someone to be able to e
d u l c n i s t n e m e ri u q e r e s o h T . fl e s m i h e z il a u t c
a expeirencing ,making a growth
i o h
c ce,l etitngt hesel femerge ,beinghones tandt akingr esponsiblitiy , ilsteningt o ,
fl e s n w
o using intelilgence ,reailzing and having “peak expeirences” ,opening .
fl e s m i h o t p u f l e s e n
o
g n i c n e i r e p x E 1 . 1 . 1 . 2
n
I The Farthe rReache so fHuman Being ,Maslow said tha tto be a sel f d
e z il a u t c
a person ,humanbeingshouldhaveamomen to fexpeirencingsomething ll
u f a n
i way ,wtih amaturesense .Human beingshould have aconsciousnes so f n a m u h a , s s e n s u o i c s n o c s i h t h ti W . m i h f o t n e m o m t n a tr o p m i n a g n i c n e ir e p x e
n i e
b gcoulds enset hei mpo tranceo fanexpeirencet ohisl fie( .p 4 . 4) C
h t w o r G a g n i k a M 2 . 1 . 1 .
2 hoice
. e c i o h c n o i s s e r g e r d n a e c i o h c n o i s s e r g o r p , s e c i o h c f o s d n i k o w t e r a e r e h T
A sasel factuailzedpeople ,human being hast o beablet o makeagrowth choice s
d a e l h c i h
w h imto aprogression movemen trathert han regression movemen.t tI n
i d i a s s a s
i TheFarthe rReache so fHumanNaturethat
h c a e g n i k a m s n a e m t i : s s e c o r p g n i o g n o n a s i n o it a z il a u t c A f l e S
“ o fthe many
t a l a e t s o t t o n r o l a e t s o t r e h t e h w , t s e n o h e b r o e il o t r e h t e h w t u o b a s e c i o h c e l g n i s
. e c i o h c h t w o r g a s a s e c i o h c e s e h t f o h c a e e k a m o t s n a e m t i d n a , t n i o p r a l u c it r a p a
( ” . n o it a z il a u t c a f l e s d r a w o t t n e m e v o m a s i s i h
T p .4 4)
i e b n a m u
H ngshouldbeablet o ifgh thisfeeilngo fbeingafraidi nmakingchoice . g
n i e b n a m u h d a e l ll i w t
E f l e S e h t g n it t e L 3 . 1 . 1 .
2 merge
n e h w d e z il a u t c a e b o t fl e s a s i e r e h
T o netalked abou tsel factuailzaiton . h
, w o l s a M o t g n i d r o c c
A uman being i sno tan empty wh tie sheet ,human ha s g
i s r e n n i s a d e ll a c s i t a h t m e h t e d i s n i g n i h t e m o
s nal so rimpulse voices .When
g n i e b n a m u
h w s ant to actuailzehimsefl ,he hasto ilsten t o t he voicei nside him d
n
a not t o ilsten t o othe rpeople’ os v ice o rcommand .By ilstening t o t he voice ,
e d i s n
i human beingwillr eailzewha tneedsto bedonef ort hegrowtho fhi ssefl . s
a h e
H tol e th fliss e emerge( .p 44 - 54 ). R g n i k a T d n a t s e n o H g n i e B 4 . 1 . 1 .
2 esponsiblitiy
m u h a t a h t s n a e m g n i z il a u t c a f l e
S an being should be hones twtih himsel f e b o t t n a w y ll a e r y e h t o h w t u o b a t s e n o h e b d l u o h s n a m u H . s g n i d n u o r r u s s i h d n a
g n i e b n a m u H . e fi l ri e h t n i o d o t t n a w y ll a e r y e h t t a h w r
o should also be hones t
t i m d a o t e v a r b e b o t e v a h y e h t , h t g n e rt s d n a s s e n k a e w r i e h t t u o b
a thei rweaknes s
d n a s i h t d e z il a e r s a h n o s r e p a n e h W . s g n i d n u o r r u s r i e h t o t h t g n e rt s r i e h t w o h s d n a
t s n a e m t i ,s g n i h t e s o h t ti m d a o t h g u o n e e v a r b s i e
h ha tahuman beingha sarleady
ll i w e h , y t s e n o h s i h d n u o f y d a e rl a s a h g n i e b n a m u h a n e h W . y t s e n o h s i h d n u o
f be
w o n k y d a e rl a e h t a h t s n a e m t I .f l e s m i h e z il a u t c a o t h t g n e rt s s i h e s u o t e l b
a s who
t n a w y ll a e r e
h s to beo rwha ther eally wants to do .A sel factuailzed peoplealso e
v a
h to be responsible wtih hi sdecision, who he really wants to be o rwha the w
y ll a e
r a s nt todoi nhisl fie . o
t g n i n e t si L 5 . 1 . 1 .
2 OwnSe fl
k a t y
B ing somestep sarleady menitoned ,human being comes t o abette r ;
e c i o h
e fi l r e tt e b a e k a m l li w e h r e h t e h w e d i c e d o t fl e s m i
h fo rhimsel fo rnot .Human
d l u o h s g n i e
b daret os ay‘ no ’or‘ yes’f ors omethingby ilsteningt ohi sowns el.f I
g n i s U 6 . 1 . 1 .
2 ntelilgence n o it a z il a u t c a f l e
S occur swhenhumanbeingusehispotenitailite .sI tmean s g
n i e b n a m u h t a h
t dealswtihhisintelilgence .Asel factuailzed peoplei saperson t
n a w t a h
t s to study to improve hi sknowledge and intelilgenceI. tdoe sno tstop n i ti y l p p a o t e l b a e b o t s a h e h , e c n e g il l e t n i d n a e g d e l w o n k s i h g n i v a h r e tf a , e r e h t
. e fi l s i h
‘ g n i v a H d n a g n i z il a e R 7 . 1 . 1 .
2 PeakExperience’
y p p a h s l e e f g n i e b n a m u h a n e h w t n e m o m l a i c e p s e h t s i e c n e ir e p x e k a e P
if s it a s d n
a ed because o f hi s achievemen t at something . Everyone ha s peak n
o y r e v e t o n t u b , e c n e ir e p x
e er eailze sti .As el factuailzedpeopleshouldbeablet o .
t n e m o m l a i c e p s ri e h t s a t i e v a h d n a e c n e ir e p x e k a e p n w o s i h e z il a e r
H o t p u f l e s e n O g n i n e p O 8 . 1 . 1 .
2 imsefl
n i d i a s s i t
I The Farthe rReache so fHuman Being tha ta human being i
g n e h t d n a s e s n e f e d r i e h t y fi t n e d i o t e l b a e b d l u o h
s ve them up wtih courage .
d n a s e k il e h t a h w , s i n o s r e p a o h w d n a t a h w t u o g n i d n if s n a e m s e s n e f e d g n i d n i F
f o d n i k s i h T . s i n o i s s i m e fi l s i h t a h w d n a , m i h r o f d a b r o d o o g s i t a h w , s e k il s i d
e b e n o d e b o t tl u c if fi d s i n o it c
a causedefensess tandf orsomethingunpleasant . n
o it c e f r e p , y r o e h t n o it a z il a u t c a f l e s s i h t n
I refer sto how human being
fl e s m i h e z il a u t c a d l u o
c through the reailzaiton and appilcaiton of those step s f
I . e fi l s i h n i e v o b
a o nei sablet or eailzeandapplyallt hoses tep ,si tmeanst ha t eh a
s
e h t a h t e fi l f o d n i k t a h w r o e fi l s i h t n i e b o t s t n a w e h t a h w e s o o h c d n a s l a it n e t o p
s i h h c a e r d l u o c g n i e b n a m u h a t a h t s n a e m t i , t a h t g n i o d y B . e v a h o t s t n a w
. e fi l n i n o it c e f r e p
i h
T sknowledgeo fsel factuailzaiton couldhelpt her eadert o ifndou thow r o f s u o i c e r p s i t a h t g n i h t e m o s g n i o d y b e fi l s i h f o g n i n a e m e h t d n if g n i e b n a m u h
s s e c o r p e h t t u o d n if o t d e s u e b l li w y r o e h t s i h T . e fi l s i
h i n Jonathan i n actuailzing
h c a e r o t fl e s m i
h hi sperfeciton .
e c n e t s i x E f o y r o e h T 2 . 1 . 2
, e fi l n
I ahuman being alway s ifnds theword ‘ having ’and ‘ being’ . tIi sa n
o m m o
c thingf o rhuman beingto uset hosewordsi n daliycommunicaiton .Both s
d r o
w seem a sordinary wordst ha tdo no thaveaspecia lmeaning ,bu tdopeople t
n e r e f fi d e h t w o n
k meaning between those words? Mos tpeople do no treally il
a e
r zet ha tactually t herei sadfiferencei n meaningbetween t heword s“having” .
” g n i e b “ d n a
” g n i e b “ d n a ” g n i v a h “ s d r o w e h t n e e w t e b g n i n a e m n i e c n e r e f fi d e h
T could
e g d e l w o n k w e n e h t g n ir
b t o human l fie .Bothword shavebasicmeaningt ha twli l e
k a
m human being understand abou t‘having ’and ‘being ’ tisefl .The word s ”
g n i e b “ d n a ” g n i v a h
“ actually have a grea t impac t in determining human s
’ m m o r F h c ir E n i d i a s s a , e fi l l a i c o s o s l a d n a r e t c a r a h
c To Have o rTo Be? tha t
e v it c e p s e r e h t , e c n e ir e p x e f o s e d o m l a t n e m a d n u f o w t e r a ” g n i e b “ d n a ” g n i v a h “
w t e b e c n e r e f fi d e h t e n i m r e t e d h c i h w f o s h t g n e rt
s een t hecharacter sofi ndividual s r
a v d n
g n i v a H 1 . 2 . 1 . 2
e m o c e b g n i v a
H s the word t ha ti sused every day i n human lfie .Mos to f h
t e m o s g n i v a h t a h t t h g u o h t g n i e b n a m u
h ing i s very impo tran t in lfie . Fo r ,
e l p m a x
e a human being alway sthinks tha thaving money in h is lfie i svery ,
t n a tr o p m
i onemeans nothingwtihou tmoneyori nothe rwords ti mayb aes di tha t g
n i e b n a m u h
a si nothing i fh ae h s no money i n t his l fie .The word ‘having’ i s s
s o p f o g n i n a e m e h t o t d e t a l e r s y a w l
a ession ,no tonlymate ira lpossessionbu talso .
p i h s n o it a l e r r o e g d e l w o n k s a h c u s n o i s s e s s o p f o d n i k r e h t o n a
h , m m o r F o t g n i d r o c c
A avingcouldhelp human beingt o bef u lly being. I t c n e ir e p x e r o p i h s n o it a l e r , e g d e l w o n k , s e it r e p o r p e m o s g n i v a h y b t a h t s n a e
m e ,a
g n i e b n a m u
h could show hi srea lsefl .By having those things ,a human could s g n i h t d a b r o s g n i h t d o o g e m o c e b s g n i h t e s o h t e k a m o t s t n a w e h r e h t e h w e d i c e d
fl e s m i h r o
f .I tdepend sonhumanatttiude tisefl ,anatttiudet hatl eadst of reedom. i
e b n a m u h
A ngcouldbebadandcould makewha theha sa sbadt hingsi f t
e g d l u o h s e h t a h t g n i h t y r e v e s a s a h e h t a h w s e k a m e
h inanyway .Thi swli lmake
s i h t f I . e b d l u o h s e h t a h w e e s o t f l e s s i h k c o l b t a h t r e ir r a b a s a s a h e h t a h w
s i h k c o l b l li w t i ,s n e p p a h n o it i d n o
c sel factuailzaiton t oo .Whliea human being d
l u o
c usewha theha sa sagood t hing i fhecouldusewha theha sa sameans t o t
n a w y ll a e r e h t a h w d n if o t , m o d e e r f d n if o t m i h p l e
h st o be. I ft hishappens, t hen
g n i e b n a m u h
a coulduset heword“having”toactuailzehiss efl . g
n i e B 2 . 2 . 1 . 2
d s i t a h t d r o w a s i g n i e
, g n i h t e m o s g n i s o o h c n
I ahuman being also hast o beresponsiblef sorhi n w o s i h f o e s u a c e b r u c c o y a m t a h t k s ir e h t r o f d e r a p e r p e b o t s a h e H . e c i o h c n w o
a e b d l u o h s g n i e b n a m u H . e c i o h
c blet or ead t hestiuaiton and rtyt o ifnd t he irgh t t
a h t r o f e c i o h
c stiuaiton .In hi sbook enitlted Prisoner so fou rThoughst ,Alex t I . e m it g n i s o o h c e h t g n ir u d r u c c o h c i h w m s i m it p o e u rt t u o b a d e n o it n e m s o k a tt a P
t a h t d i a s s
i
. ..
“ wha t Iwould call true opitmism ,we actually make three choices :(1 )we it
t a e v it i s o p a e s o h
c tudeaboutt hes tiuaitona thand;( 2 )wechooseanatttiudet ha t e w ) 3 ( d n a ; e l b i s s o p s ’t a h w t u o b a n o it a z il a u s i v e v it a e r c f o m r o f a s tr o p p u s
e l b i s s o p e h t s e k a m t a h t n o it c a e h t r o f n o i s s a p s e t a r e n e g t a h t e d u ti tt a n a e s o o h c
” . y ti l a e r a e m o c e
b
n
I tha tstatement , tii sclea lry statedthati nmaking choice ,ahumanbeing should g n i e b n a m u H . e c i o h c s i h m o r f r u c c o y a m t a h t s e it il i b i s s o p e h t e z il a u s i v o t e l b a e b
e r a s g n i h t e s o h t f I . e c i o h c s i h d n i h e b n o it a v it o m e h t l e e f o t e l b a e b o t s a h o s l a
t a h t s n a e m t i , e n o
d in making hi schoice a human being could actuailze the .
e d u ti tt a s i h f o s e it il i b i s s o p
e h t s a h o s l a g n i e b n a m u h , e fi l n
I freedom t o choosewha thewantst o be , t
n a w e h y ll a u t c a t a h t e fi l f o d n i k t a h
w s tohave .Everyhumanbeingha sadesriet o r
i e h t h c a e
r goalsi n l fieand having ameaningfull fie.I tmeanst ha tevery human g
n i n a e m o t ll i w a s a h o s l
a ,a sproposedbyViktorFrankl . A wli ltomeaninggive s r o f l u f g n i n a e m e fi l s i h e k a m d n a s l a it n e t o p s i h w o h s o t m o d e e r f e h t g n i e b n a m u h
n u o r r u s s i h d n a f l e s m i
h dings .Frank’l swli lto meaning i sfound inside human o
h w f l e s m i h n a m u h e h t y l n o , g n i e
b could fee l ti ,conrto li tand make i tcomes e
s l e e n o o n , e u
rt coulddo ti .Willt omeaninghelps ahumanbeingt os urvivef rom ll
if l u f e li h w s t e g e h t a h t e c n e ir e p x e d a
s ’l k n a r F o t g n i d r o c c
A Man’ sSearch fo rMeaning ,wli lto meaning i s foundi nFrank ’lst heory calledl ogotherapy whichf ocusesi n ifndingt hemeaning
t a h t d i a s s i tI . g n i e b n a m u h f o e c n e t s i x e e h t f o
e r h t n i d e s u e b y a m ” l a it n e t s i x e “ m r e t e h T
“ eways:t or efert o( 1 )existence tisefl , ) 3 ( d n a ; e c n e t s i x e f o g n i n a e m e h t ) 2 ( ; g n i e b f o e d o m n a m u h y ll a c if i c e p s e h t ,. e .i
e h t , y a s o t s i t a h t , e c n e t s i x e l a n o s r e p n i g n i n a e m e t e r c n o c a d n if o t g n i v ir t s e h t
ll i
w tomeaning.” o
t l li
W meaning become sthe p irmary mo itvaiton fo rhuman lfie in ifnding the .
e fi l f o g n i n a e
m Byhavingt hi swill ,ahumanwli lbeablet or eailzehi sexistence , n a m u h a p l e h l li w s i h T . e fi l n w o s i h n a e m o t w o h d n a e v il o t n o it a v it o m s i h d n if
e tt e b a e v a h o t g n i e
b rl fie.
n o it c e f r e
P in t he theory o fexistence i sa condiiton when a human being o t n o it c a n a e k a m o t e l b a e b o t fl e s m i h e t a v it o m d n a e fi l n w o s i h e z il a e r d l u o c
e h f i r e tt e b h c u m e b l li w t I . fl e s n w o s i h r o f t s a e l t a , l u f g n i n a e m e fi l s i h e k a m
a m o s l a d l u o
c ke hisl fiemeaningfult o everybody else .When someone could do e h t a h t s n a e m t i , e fi l r e tt e b a o t m i h s g n ir b t i d n a f l e s s i h r o f d o o g g n i h t e m o s
. e fi l n w o s i h g n i n a e m y b n o it c e fr e p s i h h c a e r d l u o c
2 .
2 Theore itca lFramework ir c s e d r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n
I be ssomet heo irest ha tareused t o analyzet he e h t tr o p p u s o t d e s u e b l li w s e ir o e h t e s o h T . ll u g a e S n o t s g n i v i L n a h t a n o J f o y r o t s
l a n
a ysi s and to answe r the quesiton in problem formulaiton tha t h as been .
r e t p a h c t s ri f e h t n i d e t a l u m r o f
o w t e r a e r e h
T theo irest ha tareused t o analyzet heproblemi n t hi sstudy . h
a s s u c s i d o t d e s u s i y r o e h
t bou tJonathan’ sconfilc twtihhi snegaitvei mageo fhi s o
h s y r o e h t s i h T . y ti li b a n w
o wst ha tJonathan’ sperfeciton i srea lwhen hei sable .f
l e s m i h e z il a u t c a o t
e h t s i y r o e h t d n o c e s e h
T theoryo fexistence.I nt hist heory,t hewrtie ruse s ”
g n i e b “ d n a ” g n i v a h “ t u o b a s i e n o t s ri f e h T . s a e d i ’ s t s ir o e h t o w
t byE irch Fromm
d n u o f e b d l u o c h c i h
w inhi sbookToHaveo rToBe? ,andt hes econdonei sabou t ”
g n ir a h s
“ by Vikto rFrank lwhich could befound i n hi sbook Man’ sSearch f o r .
g n i n a e
M Thefris tpar toft het heory o fexistence si abou t“having andbeing”by
m m o r F h c ir
E .Thi stheory i sused to discus sJonathan’ sconfilc twtih himsefl , t
c il f n o c e h t y ll a i c e p s
e w tih thet endency o fhaving .Thist heory helpst o ifnd ou t e b o t e l b a e b o t e s o p r u p n i g n i h t e m o s o d o t e l b a g n i e b s i n o it c e f r e p y ll a u t c a t a h t
o J s s u c s i d o t d e s u o s l a s i y r o e h t s i h T . g n i h t e m o
s nathan’ sconfilc tagains thi s c
il f n o c y ll a i c e p s e y t e i c o
s tagains tthe habtis .Thi stheory show swha tkind o f t
a h t n o it c e f r e
p Jonathan ha sin t hi sstory .Wh lie“shairng” t as he l as tpar toft he theoryo e f xistencebyVikto rFrankli susedt odiscus sJonathan’ sconfilc tagains t
l li w e h t t a h t s w o h s y r o e h t s i h T . m s i o g e t s n i a g a t c il f n o c e h t y ll a i c e p s e , y t e i c o s s i h
9 1
3 R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
Chaptert hreei sdividedi ntot hrees ecitons;t heyareobjecitveoft hes tudy ,
. y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u l e v o n e h t s e b ir c s e d n o it c e s t s ri f e h T . s e r u d e c o r p d n a h c a o r p p a
. s i s y l a n a e h t n i d e s u s i t a h t h c a o r p p a n e s o h c e h t n o s e s u c o f n o it c e s d n o c e s e h T
it c e s d ri h t e h
T onconcernss tepst akeni ncompleitngt hes tudy .
y d u t S e h t f o t c e j b O 1 . 3
a ll e v o n a s i y d u t s s i h t f o t c e j b o e h
T enitltedJonathan Livingston Seagull
ir e m A n a , h c a B d r a h c i R y
b c anwrtier .JonathanLivingston Seagulltell su sabou t o
t ll u g a e s a f o t h g if e h
t ifnd t hemeaning o fhis l fie .The main character i n t hi s
t a h w n o d e s a b e fi l s i h e v il o t s e ir t n a h t a n o J . n o t s g n i v i L n a h t a n o J d e m a n s i y r o t s
e k il y ll a e r e
h s todo ,thati s lfying .Het irest obreakt hesocia lpoin to fviewabou t
t h g il f n o i n i p o s i h n I . t h g il
f is i nteresitng and give smeaning t o hisl fie .He doe s
s i g n i y lf n o i n i p o s i h n i , g n i y lf t u o b a t h g u o h t s a h g n i d n u o r r u s s i h t a h w s a k n i h t t o n
a s t a h t n o i n i p o e h t k a e r b o t s e ir t e H . d o o f g n it c e ll o c n i s y a w f o r e tt a m a t o
n y s
seagul lonly files t o collec tfood in t he shore. Becauseo fhis t hough to f lfying ,
t s a c t u o s i n a h t a n o
J e d byhi s lfock .Theyt hinkt ha tSeagul lwhopracitces ylf gi sn i
p u e v i g t o n s e o d n a h t a n o J . t s a c t u o e b d l u o h s d n a r o n o h s i
d even though he ha s
t s a c t u o n e e
b e d by hi s lfock. eH alway spracitces everyday untli ifnally he can
e v o r
p tha tseagul lcould lfyhighwtihou tany ilmtiaiton .
e h
T wrtie rdiscusses the idea o fpefreciton a srevealed i n thi sstory .
s u c o f n o i s s u c s i d e h t , y lr a l u c it r a
y r o t s e h t n i t c il f n o c e h t g n i s s u c s i D . e c n e ll e c x e r o f g n i v ir t
s the wrtier dif s o tn u
n o it c e fr e p f o a e d i e h t t u o b
a .
s e h c a o r p p A 2 . 3
e m o s d n if o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h
T theo irestoanalyzet hel tierary work usedi n
h T . y d u t s s i h
t ese theo ire shelp thewrtiert o answ er theproblemand analyzet he
c i p o
t .In thi sstudy ,the wrtie ruse sthe psychology theo ire sin analyzing and
. s m e l b o r p e h t g n i s s u c s i d
h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t e r a y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u s e h c a o r p p a e h T
y ll a i c e p s
e through employingthesel factuailzaiton t heorybyMaslow ,thet heory
e c n e t s i x e f
o by E irch Fromm and also Vikto rFrank’l swli lto meaning .Those
e r a s e ir o e h
t used t o ifnd outt heanswer t o theproblemst ha ti sdiscussed i n t hi s
. y d u t s
e r u d e c o r P 3 . 3
p e t s t s ri f e h T . y d u t s s i h t g n it c u d n o c n i n e k a t s p e t s e m o s e r e w e r e h
T taken
l e v o n e h t g n i d a e r s a
w severa l itmes .Thi sstep helped the wrtie rundersto od the
ir w e h t , g n i d a e r t s ri f e h t m o r F . y r o t
s te rgot t he knowledge about t he plo toft he
. y r o t
s I n thesecond reading, t hewrtiert iredt o f ocust heatteniton o ntheconfilc t
e t o n g n i k a t y b y r o t s e h t f
o s no each pagewhich containst he confilct .The thrid
e h t d n if o t d e s o p r u p s a w g n i d a e
r elementst hatl eadt o t heideao fpefreciton .The
t c e ll o c o t d e ir t r e ti r
w a smuch i nformaitona spossibleabou teachpar toft hestory
t c il f n o c e h t d n if o t r e ti r w e h t d e p l e h t a h
e t h g il h g i h e r e
w d to help the wrtie rremembere d tha tpatr .Taking note salso
e h t y b d e d i v o r p n o it a m r o f n i e h t g n it c e ll o c n i d e s u s e u q i n h c e t e h t f o e n o e m a c e b
. y r o t s
e h
T second step taken wa sreading some book stha tare related to the
, y d u t s e h t o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e m o s t c e ll o c o t d e m i a p e t s s i h T . y d u t
s especiallyt he
o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t l a c i g o l o h c y s
p the idea o fperfeciton and human nature .The
r e ti r
w took note sand highilghte d the impo tran tinformaiton tha trelates to the
p l e h , d a e r r e ti r w e h t t a h t s e ir o e h t e h T . d e t c u d n o c y d u t
s e dthewrtiert or evealt he
r e w s n
a o ftheproblem .Thewrtierr eadt henove lverywellt o ifndoutt heconfilct
n o it p e c r e p t n e r e f fi d r i e h t t u o b a g n i d n u o r r u s s i h d n a n a h t a n o J n e e w t e
b o n
ll u g a e s s a e fi l ri e h t n i n o it c e f r e
p s .Thewrtier t ook note son t hesentence soft he
r t a h t y r o t
s evealt heconfilct .To answert heproblem f ormulaiton ,thewrtiert ook
t n e m m o c t n a tr o p m i e m o s t u o b a s e t o
n s o fthe story that represente d the idea o f
n a h t a n o J f o y r o t s e h t e d i s n i n o it c e f r e
p ’ slfiea sas eagull .Thewrtie ralsofound the
o e h
t ryo fsel factuailzaitonand thet heory o fexistencet ha thelpe d revealthei dea
f o y r o t s e h t n i n o it c e fr e p f
o JonathanLivingstonSeagul.l h t g n i s u c o f s a w k o o t r e ti r w e h t t a h t p e t s d ri h t e h
T e atteniton o n the
t c il f n o
c tha thappened .The wrtie r rtied to ifnd ou tsome i mpo tran tcomment si n
s i h d n a n a h t a n o J n e e w t e b n o it c e f r e p f o n o i n i p o t n e r e f fi d e h t t u o b a y r o t s e h t
ll u g a e s f o y ti n u m m o
c s .The wrtie rtired t o analyze the confilc tto ifnd ou thow
r e ti r w e h T . n o it c e f r e p f o g n i n a e m e h t l a e v e r d l u o c y r o t s e h t n i s t c il f n o c e s o h
t also
y r o e h t e h t y ll a i c e p s e , y r o e h t l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t d e s
u o f existence o f E irch
s ’ m m o r
p e t s h tr u o
F focused on t he analysi sof t he confilct .Thewrtie rfound ou t
n i n o it c e f r e p f o g n i n a e m d e il p m i e h
t confilct .Beside s that ,the wrtie r also
e z y l a n
a d some book swhich provided the psychologica ltheories ,especially the
o s l a d n a w o l s a M m o r f n o it a z il a u t c a f l e s t u o b a y r o e h
t Vikto rFrank’ls theory o f
e c n e t s i x
e .Thewrtiert ooknote sandhighilghtt hei mpo tranti nformaitonaboutt he
n o it c e f r e p f o g n i n a e m e h t e z y l a n a o t r e ti r w e h t s p l e h t a h t y r o e h
t a srevealed in
. y r o t s s i h t
o t d e ir t r e ti r w e h t , h tf i
F read theresul toft heanalysisand comparei twtih
d e d i v o r p s e ir o e h t e h
t to make sure tha tthe resul ti sprope rto the theory .And
n o i s u l c n o c a e d a m r e ti r w e h t , y ll a n
if o n thestudyandextended t hediscussionon
. d l e if l a n o it a c u d e n i y d u t s e h t f o n o it a c if i n g i s e h
3 2
4 R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
s ’ h c a B d r a h c i R f o s i s y l a n a e h t s e s s u c s i d r e t p a h c s i h
T JonathanLivingston
ll u g a e
S .Thi spar tdiscusse sthe idea o fperfeciton which i srevealed from the s
t c il f n o
c tha t happen wtihin Jonathan himsefl and the confilct s tha t happen
h d n a n a h t a n o J n e e w t e
b i s lfock .
t c il f n o
C i san i mpo tran tpatr i n a story and helpst he developmen toft he
. r e t c a r a h c d n a t o l
p Confilc ttha tthewrtie rmeans si everyproblemt ha toccursi n
e m o c r e v o e b d l u o h s t a h t y r o t s e h
t by t hecharacteri nt hestory .Theproblem t ha t
s d e e n t a h t x e l p m o c y r e v e b y a m s e m o
c soluiton .Thi si swhy confilc tusually
. y r o t s e h t n i t o l p n i a m e h t s a e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a s y a l
p
f o y r o t s e h t n
I Jonathan Livingston Seagull , confilct s play a very n
a tr o p m
i t role . The confilct s help the main characte r to revea l the idea o f
e h t n o n o i s s u c s i d e h t s i g n i w o ll o f e h T . e fi l s i h n i n o it c e f r e
p twokind so fconfilct s
s ’ h c a B d r a h c i R n
i JonathanLiving tsonSeagull .
1 .
4 Jonathan’ sConfilc tagains tHimsefl
s ’ h c a B d r a h c i R n i s n e p p a h t a h t t c il f n o c t s ri f e h
T Jonathan Livingston
ll u g a e
S i s Jonathan’ s confilc t agains t himsefl . Here , Jonathan a s the main e
s o o h c o t s a h l e v o n e h t f o r e t c a r a h
c t hemeaningof sh i lfie .Hehast ochoosehi s
n w
o w ayofl fie .Hehast odecidewhethe rhewantst o beablet o lfyort o f o llow
n r a e l o t s e s o o h c e h f I . k c o lf s i h f o s ti b a h e h
