DEIXIS : USES AND REASONS OF THEIR USING IN OPERA VAN JAVA.

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Deka Meylitasari, 2013

Deixis : Uses and Reasons of Their Using in Opera Van Java

many factors. The background of the speaker can be a factor of using certain language. A person who comes from Javanese will use Javanese in her communication. Deictic expressions often appear in the communication because it is a basic term in the utterances. The use of deixis also is influenced by many factors and gives an impact.

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linguistic form used to accomplish this „pointing‟ is called a deictic expression. He suggests that in face-to-face interaction, deictic expression can be easily understood by the people who are right there, but it may need a translation for someone who is not right there.

Based on Yule (1996), there are three types of deixis: person, temporal and spatial deixis. Person deixis is used to indicate people („me‟, „you‟), whereas

temporal deixis is used to indicate time („now‟, „then‟). We can also indicate

location via spatial deixis („here‟, „there‟). Levinson states in Nadar (2009: 55)

that

“Person deixis concerns the encoding of the participants in the speech event in which the utterance in question is delivered. Place deixis concerns the encoding of spatial locations relative to the locations of the participants in the speech event. Time deixis concerns the encoding of temporal points and spans relative to the time at which an utterance was spoken (or a written message inscribed).”

There are some previous researches that talk about deixis. Pardillos (1995) observed about Deixis as a Reference to an Alleged Shared Situation in Persuasive Discourse. He investigates deixis used in advertisement. Saputra

(2010) also did the research about deixis entitled Deiksis Dalam Tuturan Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun. She investigates types of deixis and the deictic expressions used

by children in the age of 3-5 years.

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can find the use of deixis in Opera Van Java. Based on Wikipedia, Opera Van Java is an improvisation comedy show in Indonesian television station. The

comedians are called the puppets even though they do not always show puppet story. They fill the event with the guidance of puppeteer. They also improvise the dialogues without a script so it looks natural. The show depends on the puppeteer guide but sometimes the puppets do a mess because they deviate the stories from the outline. The researcher chooses Opera Van Java because is a famous comedy show and the puppets are from different ethnic groups and the puppets use more than one language. The puppets use Javanese, Sundanese, Indonesian and English in their dialogues. Therefore, the researcher is interested to investigate the types of deixis used by the puppets in Opera Van Java and reasons of using the deixes.

1.2 Scope of the Study

The research will be focused on the use of deixis in Opera Van Java. Deixis that will be analyzed are person, temporal, and spatial deixis. The data were taken in October 2011 and September 2012 by using video recorder. The researcher only chose four titles of the show in Opera Van Java. To know the reasons of using deixis, the researcher sees the context of the stories.

1.3 Statement of the Problems

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1. What types of deixis are used in Opera Van Java? 2. Why such deixes are used?

1.4 Aims of the Study

The study aims to investigate the types of deixis that are used in Opera Van Java and the types of deixis that are mostly used by the puppets. We can also

know the languages that are used by them, so the researcher can find deictic expressions in various languages. The reasons of using it also will be known by seeing the contexts.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The research is expected to make the students use the deixis correctly, so the interlocutor can understand what the speaker said. The paper is expected to be a reference about deixis especially for the next researcher. It can give more knowledge about the use of deixis in different language.

1.6 Clarification of Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding that lead to the confusion in reading the title, the terms of the research are clarified.

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b. Opera Van Java is an improvisation comedy show in Indonesian television station. The event performs puppet in modern version where they fill the event with the guidance of puppeteer and improvises without a script.

(Retrieved on 10 September 2011 at

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Van_Java)

c. Reason is cause or explanation for something that has happened or that has happened or that somebody has done (Oxford Learner‟s Pocket Dictionary, 2008:366).

d. Humor is “an occurrence in a social play” (Nash, 1985 :12)

1.7 Organization of the Paper

In first chapter, the researcher discusses about background, scope of the study, statement of the problems, aims of the study, significance of the study, clarification of the main terms, and organization of the paper. The next chapter deals with the theoretical framework. It explains about some literature terms that will be used as the concept of the research, such as deixis in spoken discourse, types of deixis, reasons of using the deixis, theories of humor, and previous studies. Chapter three elaborates the way of conducting the study. It also deals with the statements of the problem, method of the research, sample of story in Opera Van Java, data collection, and data analysis. Next chapter deals with the

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the methods carried out in the research. It consists of research method, data collection, and data analysis.

3.1 Statement of the Problems

The research methods were used to determine the steps of research by concerning the problems. The problems in Opera Van Java that will be analyzed by the researcher are the types of deixis used and the reason of using it.

3.2 Research Method

The research was conducted by using qualitative- descriptive approach to investigate the use of deixis in Opera Van Java. The research used qualitative- descriptive because the analysis described the act than describe the data by using statistics as explained in Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmiah (2012: 26). The data were collected from Opera Van Java show in television in October 2011. In the middle of analysis, the researcher felt the lack of data, so the researcher collected the data again in September 2012.

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Deixis : Uses and Reasons of Their Using in Opera Van Java 3.3 Sample

There were four titles of the show in Opera Van Java used as samples of the research. Those four titles of the show are Seandainya Dia Tahu, Gejolak Kaula Muda, Goyang- Goyang Cinta, Jawara Betawi Mencari Cinta di

Melbourne. In different episode, Opera Van Java has different story and roles of

puppets. The researcher analyzed four titles in which the puppets played as different characters in Opera Van Java.

The researcher used purposive sampling to determine the sample because the researcher can choose the data based on her personal judgment for specific purpose (Fraenkel and Wallen, 1990; Ramayanti, 2010). By employing the purposive sampling, the researcher can get various data because the speaker used different deictic expressions and languages. The data description of four titles of the show in Opera Van Java can be seen below:

3.3.1 Opera Van Java Seandainya Dia Tahu

The title of Opera Van Java in this episode is Seandainya Dia Tau (SDT). In this episode the puppets were Sule as Aldi, Andre as Rendi, Nunung as Lala,

Desta as Aldi’s friend, and Aziz as someone who were acted in many roles and

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3.3.2 Opera Van Java Gejolak Kaula Muda

In this episode, Opera Van Java chose the title Gejolak Kaula Muda (GKM) which told rivalry between OV and VJ Senior High Schools. Sule, Andre, Azis, and Nunung played as students in OV and VJ Senior High Schools. Angel Karamoy was a guest in this episode and she played as a beautiful girl. The boys in both of that school like the beautiful girl. As usual, Parto played as the puppeteer who controlled the story.

3.3.3 Opera Van Java Goyang- Goyang Cinta

In Goyang- Goyang Cinta (GGC) episode, a guest star was Inul. The puppets played the story of Inul’s life and her love story. This episode told Inul who had to fight her love because her parent did not agree if she married to her boy friend. Inul also had to fight in Jakarta by singing everywhere. Inul in this episode only as a guest star in one of talk show. In this episode, Nunung as Inul’s mother, Sule as Inul, Aziz as Haji Romlah and Inul’s father, Andre as a host in Kick Andri and Inul’s father, Desta as Adam’s friend and Parto as the puppeteer and host.

3.3.4 Opera Van Java Jawara Betawi Mencari Cinta di Melbourne

Opera Van Java often does road show in some cities in Indonesia, but in

this episode Opera Van Java did road show to Melbourne, Singapore. To complete the story, Nunung played as Aisyah, Sule as Pitung, Andre as Jampang,

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be her boy friend. Pitung’s rival tried to disturb the relationship between Pitung

and Aisyah. He asked his daughter to seduce Pitung and Pitung left Aisyah. Finally Pitung’s rival recognized that the girl who seduced Pitung was his

daughter.

3.4 Data Collection

The data were collected through audio and video recording Opera Van Java in November 2011 and September 2012. The researcher used audio and

video recording to get whole information because it could minimize the missing of information (Wray et al., 1998:153). By using audio and video recording, the researcher not only heard the puppets’ voice but also saw their gestures and expressions to know the stories. It also made the data analysis easier because the researcher could replay the data anytime.

The data that had been collected were filled in the data card. The data card was used to help the researcher analyzing the data. The example of data card is as follow:

Table 3.2

The Example of Empty Data Card No Data :

Data:

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The data card above has three columns. The first is no data contains of number of analysis and types of deixis that had beeen analyzed, for example 01PD (person deixis), 01TD (temporal deixis), and 01SD (space deixis). The second is data which explains data transcription or dialogue that will be analyzed by researcher. Deixis that appear in dialogue will be underlined. The last column is analysis. In this column, the researcher tells data analysis from data columns. The researcher describes person deixis that appear in dialogue and reasons of using deixes by seeing the context and other aspects, such as purposes of humor, the characteristics of the addressee, and background of the speaker.

3.5 Data Analysis

After collecting data, the researcher did some steps to analyze the data. First step was transcribing the data that had been collected from the dialogue, so it can be analyzed easily. Then, the data were sorted based on the research questions. After that, the researcher identified the data to investigate the types of deixis and the reasons of using them. The things that were concerned by the researcher are contexts of the stories. Finally, the data were classified based on their types and transferred into tables.

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Deixis : Uses and Reasons of Their Using in Opera Van Java Table 3.3

The Example of Filling Data Card No Data : 01PD (SDT) means brother and it is usually used to person that has a close relationship. ‘Bang’ was used by Aldi to make him as someone who has a close relationship with Norman. Aldi used ‘Bang Norman’ because at that time there was a video of police named Norman Kamaru in YouTube. He was so famous at that time and many TV shows talked about him. Aldi said ‘Bang Norman’ to allude social phenomenon that was happening. Allusion of social phenomenon can be a humor (Nash, 1985:21), so the puppets used ‘Bang Norman’ to purposes of humor and made the audience laughed. In the fact, on the stage there was no one who had name ‘Norman’ or played as ‘Norman’.

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Deixis : Uses and Reasons of Their Using in Opera Van Java CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter describes the conclusions of the research that have been done by the researcher and suggestions for the next researcher who want to do research on deixis.

5.1 Conclusions

Based on the data analysis, the researcher concludes that three types of deixis used in Opera Van Java are person, temporal, and spatial deixis. Person deixis that appeared is 84.1 %, temporal deixis is 7.8, and spatial deixis is 8.1. From the result, person deixis is mostly used by the puppets. The uses of deixis are influenced by several factors, e.g. purposes of humor, characteristics of the addressee, and background of the speaker. It shows that deixis can also be used in humorous context to make people laugh. Deixes that appear in Opera Van Java are various, so through this research, the research findings can help readers to know other languages, e.g. Javanese, English, Indonesian, and Betawi. Because Opera Van Java is comedy show,sometimes deictic expressions used by the

puppets were not suitable to its functions.

5.2 Suggestions

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Deixis : Uses and Reasons of Their Using in Opera Van Java BIBLIOGRAPHY

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DEIXIS : USES AND REASONS OF THEIR USING IN OPERA VAN JAVA.

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