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CHAPTER XXI
6.
ST A T US A S A T : 20-11-2013 05:01:45 EDT
CHA PT ER XXI
LA W OF T HE SEA
6 . Unit ed Na t ions Conv ent ion on t h e La w of t h e Sea
Mon teg o Ba y , 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2
Ent ry int o force
: 1 6 Nov em ber 1 9 9 4 , in a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 3 08 (1 ).
Regist ra t ion
: 1 6 Nov em ber 1 9 9 4 , No. 3 1 3 6 3
St a t u s
: Signatories : 1 5 7 . Parties :. 1 6 6
1T ext
: Un ited Na tion s,
Treaty Series
,
v ol. 1 8 3 3
, p. 3 ; deposita r y n otifica tion s
C.N.2 3 6 .1 9 8 4 .TREA TIES-7 of 5 October 1 9 8 4 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ectifica tion of th e
En g lish a n d Spa n ish a u th en tic tex ts); C.N.2 02 .1 9 8 5 .TREA TIES-1 7 of 2 3 A u g u st 1 9 8 5
(pr ocès-v er ba l of r ectifica tion of th e or ig in a l En g lish tex t); C.N.1 7 .1 9 8 6 .TREA TIES-1
of 7 A pr il 1 9 8 6 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ectifica tion of th e or ig in a l A r a bic, Ch in ese, En g lish ,
Fr en ch a n d Spa n ish tex ts of th e Fin a l A ct); C.N.1 6 6 .1 9 9 3 .TREA TIES-4 of 9 A u g u st
1 9 9 3 (pr ocès-v er ba l of r ectifica tion of th e or ig in a l A r a bic, Ch in ese, En g lish , Fr en ch
a n d Spa n ish tex ts of th e Fin a l A ct); a n d
v ol. 1 9 04
, p. 3 2 0 (pr ocès-v er ba l of
r ectifica tion of th e or ig in a l Fr en ch tex t);
C.N.6 9 4 .2 005
.TREA TIES-5 of 7 Septem ber
2 005 (Pr oposa l of cor r ection to A r ticle 5 of A n n ex II of th e a u th en tic Spa n ish tex t of
th e Con v en tion ) a n d
C.N.1 02 3 .2 005
.TREA TIES-7 of 7 October 2 005 [pr ocès-v er ba l of
r ectifica tion of th e or ig in a l of th e Con v en tion (Spa n ish a u th en tic tex t)].
Not e
: Th e Con v en tion w a s a dopted by th e Th ir d Un ited Na tion s Con fer en ce on th e La w of
th e Sea a n d open ed for sig n a tu r e, tog eth er w ith th e Fin a l A ct of th e Con fer en ce, a t
Mon teg o Ba y , Ja m a ica , on 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 . Th e Con fer en ce w a s con v en ed
pu r su a n t to r esolu tion 3 06 7 (XXV III)2 a dopted by th e Gen er a l A ssem bly on 1 6
Nov em ber 1 9 7 3 . Th e Con fer en ce h eld elev en session s, fr om 1 9 7 3 to 1 9 8 2 , a s follow s:
- Fir st session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 3 to 1 5 Decem ber 1 9 7 3 ;
- Secon d session : Pa r qu e Cen tr a l, Ca r a ca s, 2 0 Ju n e to 2 9 A u g u st 1 9 7 4 ;
- Th ir d session : Un ited Na tion s Office a t Gen ev a , 1 7 Ma r ch to 9 Ma y 1 9 7 5 ;
- Fou r th session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 1 5 Ma r ch to 7 Ma y 1 9 7 6 ;
- Fifth session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 2 A u g u st to 1 7 Septem ber
1 9 7 6 ;
- Six th session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 2 3 Ma y to 1 5 Ju ly 1 9 7 7 ;
- Sev en th session : Un ited Na tion s Office a t Gen ev a , 2 8 Ma r ch to 1 9 Ma y 1 9 7 8 ;
- Resu m ed sev en th session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 2 1 A u g u st to 1 5
Septem ber 1 9 7 8 ;
- Eig h th session : Un ited Na tion s Office a t Gen ev a , 1 9 Ma r ch to 2 7 A pr il 1 9 7 9 ;
- Resu m ed eig h th session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 1 9 Ju ly to 2 4
A u g u st 1 9 7 9 ;
- Nin th session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 3 Ma r ch to 4 A pr il 1 9 8 0;
- Resu m ed n in th session : Un ited Na tion s Office a t Gen ev a , 2 8 Ju ly to 2 9 A u g u st
1 9 8 0;
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1 9 8 2 ;
- Resu m ed elev en th session : Un ited Na tion s Hea dqu a r ter s, New Yor k, 2 2 to 2 4
Septem ber 1 9 8 2 ;
- Fin a l Pa r t of th e elev en th session : Mon teg o Ba y , Ja m a ica , 6 to 1 0 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 .
Th e Con fer en ce a lso a dopted a Fin a l A ct
3w ith , a n n ex ed th er eto, n in e r esolu tion s a n d
a sta tem en t of u n der sta n din g . Th e tex t of th e Fin a l A ct h a s been r epr odu ced a s
docu m en t A /CONF.6 2 /1 2 1 a n d Cor r . 1 to 8 .
Participant
4Signature,
Succession to
signature(d)
Formal confirmation(c), Accession(a),
Succession(d), Ratification
Afghanistan
1 8 Mar 1 983
Albania
23 Jun 2003 a
Algeria
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 1 Jun 1 996
Angola
1 0 Dec 1 982 5 Dec 1 990
Antigua and Barbuda
7 Feb 1 983
2 Feb 1 989
Argentina
5 Oct 1 984
1 Dec 1 995
Armenia
9 Dec 2002 a
Australia
1 0 Dec 1 982 5 Oct 1 994
Austria
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 4 Jul 1 995
Bahamas
1 0 Dec 1 982 29 Jul 1 983
Bahrain
1 0 Dec 1 982 30 May 1 985
Bangladesh
1 0 Dec 1 982 27 Jul 2001
Barbados
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 2 Oct 1 993
Belarus
1 0 Dec 1 982 30 Aug 2006
Belgium
5 Dec 1 984
1 3 Nov 1 998
Belize
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 3 Aug 1 983
Benin
30 Aug 1 983 1 6 Oct 1 997
Bhutan
1 0 Dec 1 982
Boliv ia (Plurinational State of)
27 Nov 1 984 28 Apr 1 995
Bosnia and Herzegov ina
51 2 Jan 1 994 d
Botswana
5 Dec 1 984
2 May 1 990
Brazil
1 0 Dec 1 982 22 Dec 1 988
Brunei Darussalam
5 Dec 1 984
5 Nov 1 996
Bulgaria
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 5 May 1 996
Burkina Faso
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Jan 2005
Burundi
1 0 Dec 1 982
Cambodia
1 Jul 1 983
Cameroon
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 9 Nov 1 985
Canada
1 0 Dec 1 982 7 Nov 2003
Cape Verde
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 0 Aug 1 987
Central African Republic
4 Dec 1 984
Chad
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 4 Aug 2009
Chile
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Aug 1 997
China
1 0 Dec 1 982 7 Jun 1 996
Colombia
1 0 Dec 1 982
Comoros
6 Dec 1 984
21 Jun 1 994
Congo
1 0 Dec 1 982 9 Jul 2008
Cook Islands
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 5 Feb 1 995
Costa Rica
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Sep 1 992
Côte d'Iv oire
1 0 Dec 1 982 26 Mar 1 984
Croatia 5
5 Apr 1 995 d
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Cuba
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 5 Aug 1 984
Cy prus
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 2 Dec 1 988
Czech Republic 6
22 Feb 1 993 d 21 Jun 1 996
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
1 0 Dec 1 982
Democratic Republic of the Congo
22 Aug 1 983 1 7 Feb 1 989
Denmark
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 6 Nov 2004
Djibouti
1 0 Dec 1 982 8 Oct 1 991
Dominica
28 Mar 1 983 24 Oct 1 991
Dominican Republic
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 0 Jul 2009
Ecuador
24 Sep 201 2 a
Egy pt
1 0 Dec 1 982 26 Aug 1 983
El Salv ador
5 Dec 1 984
Equatorial Guinea
30 Jan 1 984 21 Jul 1 997
Estonia
26 Aug 2005 a
Ethiopia
1 0 Dec 1 982
European Union
7 Dec 1 984
1 Apr 1 998 c
Fiji
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 0 Dec 1 982
Finland
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Jun 1 996
France
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 1 Apr 1 996
Gabon
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 1 Mar 1 998
Gambia
1 0 Dec 1 982 22 May 1 984
Georgia
21 Mar 1 996 a
Germany 7
1 4 Oct 1 994 a
Ghana
1 0 Dec 1 982 7 Jun 1 983
Greece
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Jul 1 995
Grenada
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Apr 1 991
Guatemala
8 Jul 1 983
1 1 Feb 1 997
Guinea
4 Oct 1 984
6 Sep 1 985
Guinea-Bissau
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Aug 1 986
Guy ana
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 6 Nov 1 993
Haiti
1 0 Dec 1 982 31 Jul 1 996
Honduras
1 0 Dec 1 982 5 Oct 1 993
Hungary
1 0 Dec 1 982 5 Feb 2002
Iceland
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Jun 1 985
India
1 0 Dec 1 982 29 Jun 1 995
Indonesia
1 0 Dec 1 982 3 Feb 1 986
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
1 0 Dec 1 982
Iraq
1 0 Dec 1 982 30 Jul 1 985
Ireland
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Jun 1 996
Italy
7 Dec 1 984
1 3 Jan 1 995
Jamaica
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Mar 1 983
Japan
7 Feb 1 983
20 Jun 1 996
Jordan
27 Nov 1 995 a
Keny a
1 0 Dec 1 982 2 Mar 1 989
Kiribati
24 Feb 2003 a
Kuwait
1 0 Dec 1 982 2 May 1 986
Lao People's Democratic Republic
1 0 Dec 1 982 5 Jun 1 998
Latv ia
23 Dec 2004 a
Lebanon
7 Dec 1 984
5 Jan 1 995
Lesotho
1 0 Dec 1 982 31 May 2007
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Liberia
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Sep 2008
Liby a
3 Dec 1 984
Liechtenstein
30 Nov 1 984
Lithuania
1 2 Nov 2003 a
Luxembourg
5 Dec 1 984
5 Oct 2000
Madagascar
25 Feb 1 983
22 Aug 2001
Malawi
7 Dec 1 984
28 Sep 201 0
Malay sia
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 4 Oct 1 996
Maldiv es
1 0 Dec 1 982 7 Sep 2000
Mali
1 9 Oct 1 983
1 6 Jul 1 985
Malta
1 0 Dec 1 982 20 May 1 993
Marshall Islands
9 Aug 1 991 a
Mauritania
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 7 Jul 1 996
Mauritius
1 0 Dec 1 982 4 Nov 1 994
Mexico
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 8 Mar 1 983
Micronesia (Federated States of)
29 Apr 1 991 a
Monaco
1 0 Dec 1 982 20 Mar 1 996
Mongolia
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 3 Aug 1 996
Montenegro 4
23 Oct 2006 d
Morocco
1 0 Dec 1 982 31 May 2007
Mozambique
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 3 Mar 1 997
My anmar
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 May 1 996
Namibia
81 0 Dec 1 982 1 8 Apr 1 983
Nauru
1 0 Dec 1 982 23 Jan 1 996
Nepal
1 0 Dec 1 982 2 Nov 1 998
Netherlands 9
1 0 Dec 1 982 28 Jun 1 996
New Zealand
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 9 Jul 1 996
Nicaragua
9 Dec 1 984
3 May 2000
Niger
1 0 Dec 1 982 7 Aug 201 3
Nigeria
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 4 Aug 1 986
Niue
5 Dec 1 984
1 1 Oct 2006
Norway
1 0 Dec 1 982 24 Jun 1 996
Oman
1 Jul 1 983
1 7 Aug 1 989
Pakistan
1 0 Dec 1 982 26 Feb 1 997
Palau
30 Sep 1 996 a
Panama
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 Jul 1 996
Papua New Guinea
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 4 Jan 1 997
Paraguay
1 0 Dec 1 982 26 Sep 1 986
Philippines
1 0 Dec 1 982 8 May 1 984
Poland
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 3 Nov 1 998
Portugal
1 0 Dec 1 982 3 Nov 1 997
Qatar
27 Nov 1 984 9 Dec 2002
Republic of Korea
1 4 Mar 1 983 29 Jan 1 996
Republic of Moldov a
6 Feb 2007 a
Romania
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 7 Dec 1 996
Russian Federation
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 2 Mar 1 997
Rwanda
1 0 Dec 1 982
Samoa
28 Sep 1 984 1 4 Aug 1 995
Sao Tome and Principe
1 3 Jul 1 983
3 Nov 1 987
Saudi Arabia
7 Dec 1 984
24 Apr 1 996
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Senegal
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Oct 1 984
Serbia 5
1 2 Mar 2001 d
Sey chelles
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 6 Sep 1 991
Sierra Leone
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 2 Dec 1 994
Singapore
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 7 Nov 1 994
Slov akia 6
28 May 1 993
d
8 May 1 996
Slov enia 5
1 6 Jun 1 995 d
Solomon Islands
1 0 Dec 1 982 23 Jun 1 997
Somalia
1 0 Dec 1 982 24 Jul 1 989
South Africa
5 Dec 1 984
23 Dec 1 997
Spain 1 0
4 Dec 1 984
1 5 Jan 1 997
Sri Lanka
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 9 Jul 1 994
St. Kitts and Nev is
7 Dec 1 984
7 Jan 1 993
St. Lucia
1 0 Dec 1 982 27 Mar 1 985
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 Oct 1 993
Sudan
1 0 Dec 1 982 23 Jan 1 985
Suriname
1 0 Dec 1 982 9 Jul 1 998
Swaziland
1 8 Jan 1 984 24 Sep 201 2
Sweden
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Jun 1 996
Switzerland
1 7 Oct 1 984
1 May 2009
Thailand
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 5 May 201 1
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
51 9 Aug 1 994 d
Timor-Leste
8 Jan 201 3 a
Togo
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 6 Apr 1 985
Tonga
2 Aug 1 995 a
Trinidad and Tobago
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Apr 1 986
Tunisia
1 0 Dec 1 982 24 Apr 1 985
Tuv alu
1 0 Dec 1 982 9 Dec 2002
Uganda
1 0 Dec 1 982 9 Nov 1 990
Ukraine
1 0 Dec 1 982 26 Jul 1 999
United Arab Emirates
1 0 Dec 1 982
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland 1 1
25 Jul 1 997 a
United Republic of Tanzania
1 0 Dec 1 982 30 Sep 1 985
Uruguay
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 0 Dec 1 992
Vanuatu
1 0 Dec 1 982 1 0 Aug 1 999
Viet Nam
1 0 Dec 1 982 25 Jul 1 994
Yemen 1 2
1 0 Dec 1 982 21 Jul 1 987
Zambia
1 0 Dec 1 982 7 Mar 1 983
Zimbabwe
1 0 Dec 1 982 24 Feb 1 993
Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservationjs were made upon ratification, formal confirmation, accession or succession.)
A lgeria
Upon signature:
It is th e v iew of th e Gov er n m en t of A lg er ia th a t its sig n in g th e Fin a l A ct a n d th e Un ited Na tion s
Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea does n ot en ta il a n y ch a n g e in its position on th e n on -r ecog n ition of cer ta in
oth er sig n a tor ies, n or a n y oblig a tion to co-oper a te in a n y field w h a tsoev er w ith th ose sig n a tor ies.
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Th e People's Dem ocr a tic Repu blic of A lg er ia does n ot con sider itself bou n d by th e pr ov ision s of a r ticle
2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (b), of th e [sa id Con v en tion ] dea lin g w ith th e su bm ission of dispu tes to th e In ter n a tion a l
Cou r t of Ju stice.
Th e People's Dem ocr a tic Repu blic of A lg er ia decla r es th a t, in or der to su bm it a dispu te to th e
In ter n a tion a l Cou r t of Ju stice, pr ior a g r eem en t betw een a ll th e Pa r ties con cer n ed is n ecessa r y in ea ch ca se.
Th e A lg er ia n Gov er n m en t decla r es th a t, in con for m ity w ith th e pr ov ision s of Pa r t II, Section 3 ,
Su bsection s A a n d C of th e Con v en tion , th e pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips in th e ter r itor ia l sea of A lg er ia is su bject to
a n a u th or iza tion fifteen (1 5 ) da y s in a dv a n ce, ex cept in ca ses of
force majeure
a s pr ov ided for in th e
Con v en tion .
A ngola
Upon signature:
"Th e Gov er n m en t of th e People's Repu blic of A n g ola r eser v es th e r ig h t to in ter pr et a n y a n d a ll a r ticles of
th e Con v en tion in th e con tex t of a n d w ith du e r eg a r d to A n g ola n Sov er eig n ty a n d ter r itor ia l in teg r ity a s it
a pplies to la n d, spa ce a n d sea . Deta ils of th ese in ter pr eta tion s w ill be pla ced on r ecor d a t th e tim e of
r a tifica tion of th e Con v en tion .
Th e pr esen t sig n a tu r e is w ith ou t pr eju dice to th e position ta ken by th e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola or to be
ta ken by it on th e Con v en tion a t th e tim e of r a tifica tion ."
1 4 October 2 009
Declaration under article 287
“ Th e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 of a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion
on th e La w of th e Sea don e a t Mon teg o Ba y on th e ten th da y of Decem ber on e th ou sa n d n in e h u n dr ed a n d
eig h ty -tw o th a t it ch ooses th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea esta blish ed in a ccor da n ce w ith
A n n ex V I of th e Con v en tion a s th e m ea n s for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or
a pplica tion of th e Con v en tion .”
Declaration under article 298
“ Th e Gov er n m en t of A n g ola fu r th er decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ) of a r ticle 2 9 8 of th e Un ited Na tion s
Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea don e a t Mon teg o Ba y on th e ten th da y of Decem ber on e th ou sa n d n in e
h u n dr ed a n d eig h ty -tw o, th a t it does n ot a ccept th e pr ocedu r e pr ov ided for in a r ticle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 (c)
w ith r espect of dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of a r ticles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela tin g to sea
bou n da r y delim ita tion s a s w ell a s th ose in v olv in g h istor ic ba y s or titles.”
A rgent ina
13Upon signature:
Th e sig n in g of th e Con v en tion by th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t does n ot im ply a ccepta n ce of th e Fin a l A ct
of th e Th ir d Un ited Na tion s Con fer en ce on th e La w of th e Sea . In th a t r eg a r d, th e A r g en tin e Repu blic, a s in
its w r itten sta tem en t of 8 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 (A /CONF.6 2 /WS/3 5 ), pla ces on r ecor d its r eser v a tion to th e effect
th a t r esolu tion III, in a n n ex I to th e fin a l A ct, in n o w a y a ffects th e "Qu estion of th e Fa lkla n d Isla n ds
(Ma lv in a s)", w h ich is g ov er n ed by th e follow in g specific r esolu tion s of th e Gen er a l A ssem bly : 2 06 5 (XX),
3 1 6 0 (XXV III), 3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 a n d 3 8 /1 2 , a dopted w ith in th e fr a m ew or k of th e decolon iza tion pr ocess.
In th is con n ection , a n d bea r in g in m in d th a t th e Ma lv in a s a n d th e Sou th Sa n dw ich a n d Sou th Geor g ia
Isla n ds for m a n in teg r a l pa r t of A r g en tin e ter r itor y , th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t decla r es th a t it n eith er
r ecog n izes n or w ill it r ecog n ize th e title of a n y oth er Sta te, com m u n ity or en tity or th e ex er cise by it of a n y
r ig h t of m a r itim e ju r isdiction w h ich is cla im ed to be pr otected u n der a n y in ter pr eta tion of r esolu tion III th a t
v iola tes th e r ig h ts of A r g en tin a ov er th e Ma lv in a s a n d th e Sou th Sa n dw ich a n d Sou th Geor g ia Isla n ds a n d
th eir r espectiv e m a r itim e zon es. Con sequ en tly , it likew ise n eith er r ecog n izes n or w ill r ecog n ize a n d w ill
con sider n u ll a n d v oid a n y a ctiv ity or m ea su r e th a t m a y be ca r r ied ou t or a dopted w ith ou t its con sen t w ith
r eg a r d to th is qu estion , w h ich th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t con sider s to be of m a jor im por ta n ce.
Th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t w ill a ccor din g ly in ter pr et th e occu r r en ce of a cts of th e kin d r efer r ed to
a bov e a s con tr a r y to th e a for em en tion ed r esolu tion s a dopted by th e Un ited Na tion s, th e pa ten t objectiv e of
w h ich is th e pea cefu l settlem en t of th e sov er eig n ty dispu te con cer n in g th e isla n ds by m ea n s of bila ter a l
n eg otia tion s a n d th r ou g h th e g ood offices of th e Secr eta r y -Gen er a l of th e Un ited Na tion s.
Fu r th er m or e, it is th e u n der sta n din g of th e A r g en tin e Repu blic th a t, w h er es th e Fin a l A ct sta tes in
pa r a g r a ph 4 2 th a t th e Con v en tion "tog eth er w ith r esolu tion s I to IV , [for m s] a n in teg r a l w h ole", it is m er ely
descr ibin g th e pr ocedu r e th a t w a s follow ed a t th e Con fer en ce to a v oid a ser ies of sepa r a te v otes on th e
Con v en tion a n d th e r esolu tion s. Th e Con v en tion itself clea r ly esta blish es in a r ticle 3 1 8 th a t on ly th e
A n n ex es for m a n in teg r a l pa r t of th e Con v en tion ; th u s, a n y oth er in str u m en t or docu m en t, ev en on e
a dopted by th e Con fer en ce, does n ot for m a n in teg r a l pa r t of th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of
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th e Sea .
Upon ratification:
(a ) With r eg a r d to th ose pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion w h ich dea l w ith in n ocen t pa ssa g e th r ou g h th e
ter r itor ia l sea , it is th e in ten tion of th e Gov er n m en t of th e A r g en tin e Repu blic to con tin u e to a pply th e
r eg im e cu r r en tly in for ce to th e pa ssa g e of for eig n w a r sh ips th r ou g h th e A r g en tin e ter r itor ia l sea , sin ce th a t
r eg im e is tota lly com pa tible w ith th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion .
(b) With r eg a r d to Pa r t III of th e Con v en tion , th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t decla r es th a t in th e Tr ea ty of
Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip sig n ed w ith th e Repu blic of Ch ile on 2 9 Nov em ber 1 9 8 4 , w h ich en ter ed in to for ce on 2
Ma y 1 9 8 5 a n d w a s r eg ister ed w ith th e Un ited Na tion s Secr eta r ia t in a ccor da n ce w ith A r ticle 1 02 of th e
Ch a r ter of th e Un ited Na tion s, both Sta tes r ea ffir m ed th e v a lidity of a r ticle V of th e Bou n da r y Tr ea ty of
1 8 8 1 w h er eby th e Str a it of Ma g ella n (Estr ech o de Ma g a lla n es) is n eu tr a lized for ev er w ith fr ee n a v ig a tion
a ssu r ed for th e fla g s of a ll n a tion s. Th e a for em en tion ed Tr ea ty of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip in clu des r eg u la tion s
for v essels fly in g th e fla g s of th ir d cou n tr ies in th e Bea g le Ch a n n el a n d oth er str a its a n d ch a n n els of th e
Tier r a del Fu eg o a r ch ipela g o.
(c) Th e A r g en tin e Repu blic a ccepts th e pr ov ision s on th e con ser v a tion a n d m a n a g em en t of th e liv in g
r esou r ces of th e h ig h sea s, bu t con sider s th a t th ey a r e in su fficien t, pa r ticu la r ly th e pr ov ision s r ela tin g to
str a ddlin g fish stocks or h ig h ly m ig r a tor y fish stocks, a n d th a t th ey sh ou ld be su pplem en ted by a n effectiv e
a n d bin din g m u ltila ter a l r eg im e w h ich ,
inter
alia
, w ou ld fa cilita te cooper a tion to pr ev en t a n d a v oid ov er
-fish in g , a n d w ou ld per m it th e m on itor in g of th e a ctiv ities of -fish in g v essels on th e h ig h sea s a n d of th e u se of
fish in g m eth ods a n d g ea r .
Th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t, bea r in g in m in d its pr ior ity in ter est in con ser v in g th e r esou r ces of its
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d th e a r ea of th e h ig h sea s a dja cen t th er eto, con sider s th a t, in a ccor da n ce w ith
th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion , w h er e th e sa m e stock or stocks of a ssocia ted species occu r both w ith in th e
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d in th e a r ea of th e h ig h sea s a dja cen t th er eto, th e A r g en tin e Repu blic, a s th e
coa sta l Sta te, a n d oth er Sta tes fish in g for su ch stocks in th e a r ea a dja cen t to its ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e
sh ou ld a g r ee u pon th e m ea su r es n ecessa r y for th e con ser v a tion of th ose stocks or stocks of a ssocia ted species
in th e h ig h s sea s.
In depen den tly of th is, it is th e u n der sta n din g of th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t, th a t in or der to com ply
w ith th e oblig a tion la id dow n in th e Con v en tion con cer n in g th e con ser v a tion of th e liv in g r esou r ces in its
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d th e a r ea a dja cen t th er eto, it is a u th or ized to a dopt, in a ccor da n ce w ith
in ter n a tion a l la w , a ll th e m ea su r es it m a y deem n ecessa r y for th e pu r pose.
(d) Th e r a tifica tion of th e Con v en tion by th e A r g en tin e Repu blic does n ot im ply a ccepta n ce of th e Fin a l
A ct of th e Th ir d Un ited Na tion s Con fer en ce on th e La w of th e Sea . In th a t r eg a r d, th e A r g en tin e Repu blic, a s
in its w r itten sta tem en t of 8 Decem ber 1 9 8 2 (A /CONF.6 2 /WS/3 5 ), pla ces on r ecor d its r eser v a tion to th e
effect th a t r esolu tion III, in a n n ex I to th e Fin a l A ct, in n o w a y a ffects th e "Qu estion of th e Fa lkla n d Isla n ds
(Ma lv in a s)", w h ich is g ov er n ed by th e follow in g specific r esolu tion s of th e Gen er a l A ssem bly : 2 06 5 (XX),
3 1 6 0 (XXV III), 3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 , 3 8 /1 2 , 3 9 /6 , 4 0/2 1 , 4 1 /4 0, 4 2 /1 9 , 4 3 /2 5 , 4 4 /4 06 , 4 5 /4 2 4 , 4 6 /4 06 , 4 7 /4 08
a n d 4 8 /4 08 , a dopted w ith in th e fr a m ew or k of th e decolon iza tion pr ocess.
[See paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of the
declaration made upon signature above.]
Th e A r g en tin e Repu blic r ea ffir m s its leg itim a te a n d in a lien a ble sov er eig n ty ov er th e Ma lv in a s a n d th e
Sou th Sa n dw ich Isla n ds a n d th eir r espectiv e m a r itim e a n d isla n d zon es, w h ich for m a n in teg r a l pa r t of its
n a tion a l ter r itor y . Th e r ecov er y of th ose ter r itor ies a n d th e fu ll ex er cise of sov er eig n ty , r espectin g th e w a y
of life of th e in h a bita n ts of th e ter r itor ies a n d in a ccor da n ce w ith th e pr in ciples of in ter n a tion a l la w ,
con stitu te a per m a n en t objectiv e of th e A r g en tin e people th a t ca n n ot be r en ou n ced.
Fu r th er m or e, it is th e u n der sta n din g of th e A r g en tin e Repu blic th a t th e Fin a l A ct, in r efer r in g in
pa r a g r a ph 4 2 to th e Con v en tion tog eth er w ith r esolu tion s I to IV a s for m in g a n in teg r a l w h ole, is m er ely
descr ibin g th e pr ocedu r e th a t w a s follow ed a t th e Con fer en ce to a v oid a ser ies of sepa r a te v otes on th e
Con v en tion a n d th e r esolu tion s. Th e Con v en tion itself clea r ly esta blish es in a r ticle 3 1 8 th a t on ly th e
A n n ex es for m a n in teg r a l pa r t of th e Con v en tion ; th u s, a n y oth er in str u m en t or docu m en t, ev en on e
a dopted by th e Con fer en ce, does n ot for m a n in teg r a l pa r t of th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of
th e Sea .
(e) Th e A r g en tin e Repu blic fu lly r espects th e r ig h t of fr ee n a v ig a tion a s em bodied in th e Con v en tion ,
h ow ev er , it con sider s th a t th e tr a n sit by sea of v essels ca r r y in g h ig h ly r a dioa ctiv e su bsta n ces m u st be du ly
r eg u la ted.
Th e A r g en tin e Gov er n m en t a ccepts th e pr ov ision s on pr ev en tion of pollu tion of th e m a r in e en v ir on m en t
con ta in ed in Pa r t XII of th e Con v en tion , bu t con sider s th a t, in th e lig h t of ev en ts su bsequ en t to th e a doption
of th a t in ter n a tion a l in str u m en t, th e m ea su r es to pr ev en t, con tr ol a n d m in im ize th e effects of th e pollu tion
of th e sea by n ox iou s a n d poten tia lly da n g er ou s su bsta n ces a n d h ig h ly a ctiv e r a dioa ctiv e su bsta n ces m u st
be su pplem en ted a n d r ein for ced.
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th e m a r in e en v ir on m en t, m a r in e scien tific r esea r ch , a n d n a v ig a tion , in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V III, a r ticle
1 .
A u st ra lia
2 2 Ma r ch 2 002
Declaration under articles 287 and 298:
"Th e Gov er n m en t of A u str a lia decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 of a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Un ited Na tion s
Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea don e a t Mon teg o Ba y on th e ten th da y of Decem ber on e th ou sa n d n in e
h u n dr ed a n d eig h ty -tw o th a t it ch ooses th e follow in g m ea n s for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g th e
in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e Con v en tion , w ith ou t specify in g th a t on e h a s pr eceden ce ov er th e oth er :
(a ) th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea esta blish ed in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V I of th e
Con v en tion ; a n d
(b) th e In ter n a tion a l Cou r t of Ju stice.
Th e Gov er n m en t of A u str a lia fu r th er decla r es, u n der pa r a g r a ph 1 (a ) of a r ticle 2 9 8 of th e Un ited
Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea don e a t Mon teg o Ba y on th e ten th da y of Decem ber on e th ou sa n d
n in e h u n dr ed a n d eig h ty -tw o, th a t it does n ot a ccept a n y of th e pr ocedu r es pr ov ided for in section 2 of Pa r t
XV (in clu din g th e pr ocedu r es r efer r ed to in pa r a g r a ph s (a ) a n d (b) of th is decla r a tion ) w ith r espect to
dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of a r ticles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela tin g to sea bou n da r y
delim ita tion s a s w ell a s th ose in v olv in g h istor ic ba y s or titles.
Th ese decla r a tion s by th e Gov er n m en t of A u str a lia a r e effectiv e im m edia tely ."
A u st ria
Declarations:
"In th e a bsen ce of a n y oth er pea cefu l m ea n s to w h ich it w ou ld g iv e pr efer en ce th e Gov er n m en t of th e
Repu blic of A u str ia h er eby ch ooses on e of th e follow in g m ea n s for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g th e
in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e tw o Con v en tion s in a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e [sa id Con v en tion ],
in th e follow in g or der :
1 . Th e in ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea esta blish ed in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V I;
2 . A specia l a r bitr a l tr ibu n a l con stitu ted in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V III;
3 . Th e In ter n a tion a l Cou r t of Ju stice.
A lso in th e a bsen ce of a n y oth er pea cefu l m ea n s, th e Gov er n m en t of th e Repu blic of A u str ia h er eby
r ecog n izes a s of toda y th e v a lidity of specia l a r bitr a tion for a n y dispu te con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or
a pplica tion of th e Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea r ela tin g to fish er ies, pr otection a n d pr eser v a tion of th e
m a r in e en v ir on m en t, m a r in e scien tific r esea r ch a n d n a v ig a tion , in clu din g pollu tion fr om v essels a n d by
du m pin g ."
Ba ngla desh
Declarations:
"1 . Th e Gov er n m en t of th e People's Repu blic of Ba n g la desh u n der sta n ds th a t th e pr ov ision s of th e
Con v en tion do n ot a u th or ise oth er Sta tes to ca r r y ou t in th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d on th e con tin en ta l
sh elf m ilita r y ex er cise or m a n oeu v r es, in pa r ticu la r , th ose in v olv in g th e u se of w ea pon s or ex plosiv es,
w ith ou t th e con sen t of th e coa sta l Sta te.
2 . Th e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t is n ot bou n d by a n y dom estic leg isla tion or by a n y decla r a tion issu ed by
oth er Sta tes u pon sig n a tu r e or r a tifica tion of th is Con v en tion . Ba n g la desh r eser v es th e r ig h t to sta te its
position con cer n in g a ll su ch leg isla tion or decla r a tion s a t th e a ppr opr ia te tim e. In pa r ticu la r , Ba n g la desh
r a tifica tion of th e Con v en tion in n o w a y con stitu tes r ecog n ition of th e m a r itim e cla im s of a n y oth er Sta te
h a v in g sig n ed or r a tified th e Con v en tion , w h er e su ch cla im s a r e in con sisten t w ith th e r elev a n t pr in ciples of
in ter n a tion a l la w a n d w h ich a r e pr eju dicia l to th e sov er eig n r ig h ts a n d ju r isdiction of Ba n g la desh in its
m a r itim e a r ea s.
3 . Th e ex er cise of th e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips th r ou g h th e ter r itor ia l sea of oth er Sta tes
sh ou ld a lso be per ceiv ed to be a pea cefu l on e. Effectiv e a n d speedy m ea n s of com m u n ica tion a r e ea sily
a v a ila ble a n d m a ke th e pr ior n otifica tion of th e ex er cise of th e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e of w a r sh ips
r ea son a ble a n d n ot in com pa tible w ith th e Con v en tion . Su ch n otifica tion is a lr ea dy r equ ir ed by som e Sta tes.
Ba n g la desh r eser v es th e r ig h t to leg isla te on th is poin t.
20/11/13
UNTC
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5 . Ba n g la desh is of th e v iew th a t th e sov er eig n im m u n ity a s en v isa g ed in a r ticle 2 3 6 does n ot r eliev e a
Sta te fr om th e oblig a tion , m or a l or oth er w ise, in a cceptin g r espon sibility a n d lia bility for com pen sa tion a n d
r elief in r espect of da m a g e ca u sed by pollu tion of th e m a r in e en v ir on m en t by a n y w a r sh ip, n a v a l a u x ilia r y ,
oth er v essels or a ir cr a ft ow n ed or oper a ted by th e Sta te a n d u sed on g ov er n m en t n on -com m er cia l ser v ice.
6 . Ra tifica tion of th e Con v en tion by Ba n g la desh does n ot ipso fa cto im ply r ecog n ition or a ccepta n ce of
a n y ter r itor ia l cla im m a de by a Sta te pa r ty to th e Con v en tion , n or a u tom a tic r ecog n ition of a n y la n d or sea
bor der .
7 . Th e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t does n ot con sider itself bou n d by a n y of th e decla r a tion s or sta tem en ts,
h ow ev er ph r a sed or n a m ed, m a de by oth er Sta tes w h en sig n in g , a cceptin g , r a tify in g or a ccedin g to th e
Con v en tion a n d th a t it r eser v es th e r ig h t to sta te its position on a n y of th ose decla r a tion s or sta tem en ts a t
a n y tim e.
8 . Th e Ba n g la desh Gov er n m en t decla r es, w ith ou t pr eju dice to a r ticle 3 03 of th e Con v en tion on th e La w
of th e Sea , th a t a n y objects of a n a r ch a eolog ica l a n d h istor ica l n a tu r e fou n d w ith in th e m a r in e a r ea s ov er
w h ich it ex er cises sov er eig n ty or ju r isdiction sh a ll n ot be r em ov ed, w ith ou t its pr ior n otifica tion a n d
con sen t.
9 . Th e Gov er n m en t of Ba n g la desh sh a ll, a t a n a ppr opr ia te tim e, m a ke decla r a tion s pr ov ided for in
a r ticles 2 8 7 a n d 2 9 8 r ela tin g to th e settlem en t of dispu tes.
1 0. Th e Gov er n m en t of Ba n g la desh in ten ds to u n der ta ke a com pr eh en siv e r ev iew of ex istin g dom estic
la w s a n d r eg u la tion s w ith a v iew to h a r m on izin g th em w ith th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion ."
1 4 Decem ber 2 009
Declaration relating to Article 287 w ith respect to India:
“ Pu r su a n t to A r ticle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of th e 1 9 8 2 Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , th e
Gov er n m en t of th e People’s Repu blic of Ba n g la desh decla r es th a t it a ccepts th e ju r isdiction of th e
In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea for th e settlem en t of dispu te betw een th e People’s Repu blic of
Ba n g la desh a n d th e Repu blic of In dia r ela tin g to th e delim ita tion of th eir m a r itim e bou n da r y in th e Ba y of
Ben g a l.”
Declaration relating to Article 287 w ith respect to Myanmar:
“ Pu r su a n t to A r ticle 2 8 7 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of th e 1 9 8 2 Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , th e
Gov er n m en t of th e People’s Repu blic of Ba n g la desh decla r es th a t it a ccepts th e ju r isdiction of th e
In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea for th e settlem en t of dispu te betw een th e People’s Repu blic of
Ba n g la desh a n d th e Un ion of My a n m a r r ela tin g to th e delim ita tion of th eir m a r itim e bou n da r y in th e Ba y of
Ben g a l.”
Bela ru s
Upon signature:
1 . Th e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic decla r es th a t, in a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Un ited
Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , it a ccepts, a s th e ba sic m ea n s for th e settlem en t of dispu tes
con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e Con v en tion , a n a r bitr a l tr ibu n a l con stitu ted in
a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V II. For th e con sider a tion of qu estion s r ela tin g to fish er ies, th e pr otection a n d
pr eser v a tion of th e m a r in e en v ir on m en t, m a r in e scien tific r esea r ch a n d n a v ig a tion , in clu din g pollu tion
fr om v essels a n d by du m pin g , th e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic ch ooses a specia l a r bitr a l tr ibu n a l
con stitu ted in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V III. Th e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic r ecog n izes th e
com peten ce of th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea in r ela tion to qu estion s of th e pr om pt r elea se
of deta in ed v essels or th eir cr ew s, a s en v isa g ed in a r ticle 2 9 2 .
2 . Th e By elor u ssia n Sov iet Socia list Repu blic decla r es th a t, in a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 9 8 of th e
Con v en tion , it does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en ta ilin g bin din g decision s in th e con sider a tion of
dispu tes con cer n ed w ith th e delim ita tion of m a r in e lim its, dispu tes r ela tin g to m ilita r y a ctiv ity a n d
dispu tes in r ela tion to w h ich th e Un ited Na tion s Secu r ity Cou n cil per for m s fu n ction s en tr u sted to it u n der
th e Un ited Na tion s Ch a r ter .
Upon ratification:
1 . In a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Con v en tion , th e Repu blic of Bela r u s a ccepts a s th e ba sic m ea n s
for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e Con v en tion a n a r bitr a l
tr ibu n a l con stitu ted in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V II. For th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g fish er ies,
pr otection a n d pr eser v a tion of th e m a r in e en v ir on m en t, m a r in e scien tific r esea r ch or n a v ig a tion , in clu din g
pollu tion fr om v essels a n d by du m pin g , th e Repu blic of Bela r u s w ill u se a specia l a r bitr a l tr ibu n a l
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Con v en tion , th e Repu blic of Bela r u s does n ot a ccept com pu lsor y pr ocedu r es en ta ilin g bin din g decision s for
th e con sider a tion of dispu tes con cer n in g m ilita r y a ctiv ities, in clu din g by g ov er n m en t v essels a n d a ir cr a ft
en g a g ed in n on -com m er cia l ser v ice, or dispu tes con cer n in g la w en for cem en t a ctiv ities in r eg a r d to th e
ex er cise of sov er eig n r ig h ts or ju r isdiction , or dispu tes in r espect of w h ich th e Secu r ity Cou n cil of th e Un ited
Na tion s is ex er cisin g th e fu n ction s a ssig n ed to it by th e Ch a r ter of th e Un ited Na tion s.
Belgiu m
Upon signature:
Th e Gov er n m en t of th e Kin g dom of Belg iu m h a s decided to sig n th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e
La w of th e Sea beca u se th e Con v en tion h a s a v er y la r g e n u m ber of positiv e fea tu r es a n d a ch iev es a
com pr om ise on th em w h ich is a ccepta ble to m ost Sta tes. Nev er th eless, w ith r eg a r d to th e sta tu s of m a r itim e
spa ce, it r eg r ets th a t th e con cept of equ ity , a dopted for th e delim ita tion of th e con tin en ta l sh elf a n d th e
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, w a s n ot a pplied a g a in in th e pr ov ision s for delim itin g th e ter r itor ia l sea . It
w elcom es, h ow ev er , th e distin ction s esta blish ed by th e Con v en tion betw een th e n a tu r e of th e r ig h ts w h ich
r ipa r ia n Sta tes ex er cise ov er th eir ter r itor ia l sea , on th e on e h a n d, a n d ov er th e con tin en ta l sh elf a n d th eir
ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, on th e oth er .
It is com m on kn ow ledg e th a t th e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t ca n n ot decla r e itself a lso sa tisfied w ith cer ta in
pr ov ision s of th e in ter n a tion a l r ég im e of th e sea -bed w h ich , th ou g h ba sed on a pr in ciple th a t it w ou ld n ot
th in k of ch a llen g in g , seem s n ot to h a v e ch osen th e m ost su ita ble w a y of a ch iev in g th e desir ed r esu lt a s
qu ickly a n d su r ely a s possible, a t th e r isk of jeopa r dizin g th e su ccess of a g en er ou s u n der ta kin g w h ich
Belg iu m con sisten tly en cou r a g es a n d su ppor ts. In deed, cer ta in pr ov ision s of Pa r t XI a n d of A n n ex es III a n d IV
a ppea r to it to be m a r r ed by ser iou s defects a n d sh or tcom in g s w h ich ex pla in w h y con sen su s w a s n ot r ea ch ed
on th is tex t a t th e la st session of th e Th ir d Un ited Na tion s Con fer en ce on th e La w of th e Sea , in New Yor k, in
A pr il 1 9 8 2 . Th ese sh or tcom in g s a n d defects con cer n in pa r ticu la r th e r estr iction of a ccess to th e A r ea , th e
lim ita tion s on pr odu ction a n d cer ta in pr ocedu r es for th e tr a n sfer of tech n olog y , n ot to m en tion th e
v ex a tiou s im plica tion s of th e cost a n d fin a n cin g of th e fu tu r e In ter n a tion a l Sea -Bed A u th or ity a n d th e fir st
m in e site of th e En ter pr ise. Th e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t sin cer ely h opes th a t th ese sh or tcom in g s a n d defects
w ill in fa ct be r ectified b th e r u les, r eg u la tion s a n d pr ocedu r es w h ich th e Pr epa r a tor y Com m ission sh ou ld
dr a w u p w ith th e tw ofold in ten t of fa cilita tin g a ccepta n ce of th e n ew r ég im e by th e w h ole in ter n a tion a l
com m u n ity a n d en a blin g th e com m on h er ita g e of m a n kin d to be pr oper ly ex ploited for th e ben efit of a ll a n d,
pr efer a bly , for th e ben efit of th e lea st fa v ou r ed cou n tr ies. Th e Gov er n m en t of th e Kin g dom of Belg iu m is n ot
a lon e in th in kin g th a t th e su ccess of th is n ew r ég im e, th e effectiv e esta blish m en t of th e In ter n a tion a l Sea
-Bed A u th or ity a n d th e econ om ic v ia bility of th e En ter pr ise w ill depen d to a la r g e ex ten t on th e qu a lity a n d
ser iou sn ess of th e Pr epa r a tor y Com m ission 's w or k: it th er efor e con sider s th a t a ll decision s of th e Com m ission
sh ou ld be a dopted by con sen su s, th a t bein g th e on ly w a y of pr otectin g th e leg itim a te in ter ests of a ll.
A s th e r epr esen ta tiv es of Fr a n ce a n d th e Neth er la n ds poin ted ou t tw o y ea r s a g o, th e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t
w ish es to m a ke it a bu n da n tly clea r th a t, n otw ith sta n din g its decision to sig n th e Con v en tion toda y , th e
Kin g dom of Belg iu m is n ot h er e a n d n ow deter m in ed to r a tify it. It w ill ta ke a sepa r a te decision on th is poin t
a t a la ter da te, w h ich w ill ta ke a ccou n t of w h a t th e Pr epa r a tor y Com m ission h a s a ccom plish ed to m a ke th e
in ter n a tion a l r ég im e of th e sea -bed a ccepta ble to a ll, focu sin g m a in ly on th e qu estion s to w h ich a tten tion
h a s been dr a w n a bov e.
Th e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t a lso w ish es to r eca ll th a t Belg iu m is a m em ber of th e Eu r opea n Econ om ic
Com m u n ity , to w h ich it h a s tr a n sfer r ed pow er s in cer ta in a r ea s cov er ed by th e Con v en tion ; deta iled
decla r a tion s on th e n a tu r e a n d ex ten t of th e pow er s tr a n sfer r ed w ill be m a de in du e cou r se, in a ccor da n ce
w ith th e pr ov ision s of A n n ex IX of th e Con v en tion .
It a lso w ish es to dr a w a tten tion for m a lly to sev er a l poin ts w h ich it con sider s pa r ticu la r ly cr u cia l. For
ex a m ple, it a tta ch es g r ea t im por ta n ce to th e con dition s to w h ich A r ticles 2 1 a n d 2 3 of th e Con v en tion
su bject th e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e th r ou g h th e ter r ita l sea , a n d it in ten ds to en su r e th a t th e cr iter ia
pr escr ibed by th e r elev a n t in ter n a tion a l a g r eem en ts a r e str ictly a pplied, w h eth er th e fla g Sta tes a r e pa r ties
th er eto or n ot. Th e lim ita tion of th e br ea dth of th e ter r itor ia l sea , a s esta blish ed by A r ticle 3 of th e
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a n a cciden t a t sea , a s w ell a s th ose pr ov ision s w h ich r ecog n ize th e v a lidity of r ig h ts a n d oblig a tion s der iv in g
fr om specific con v en tion s a n d a g r eem en ts con clu ded pr ev iou sly or w h ich m a y be con clu ded su bsequ en tly in
fu r th er a n ce of th e g en er a l pr in ciples set for th in th e Con v en tion .
In th e a bsen ce of a n y oth er pea cefu l m ea n s to w h ich it obv iou sly g iv es pr ior ity , th e Gov er n m en t of th e
Kin g dom of Belg iu m deem s it ex pedien t to ch oose a lter n a tiv ely , a n d in or der of pr efer en ce, a s A r ticle 2 8 7 of
th e Con v en tion lea v es it fr ee to do, th e follow in g m ea n s of settlin g dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or
a pplica tion of th e Con v en tion :
1 . a n a r bitr a l tr ibu n a l con stitu ted in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V III;
2 . th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea esta blish ed in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V I;
3 . th e In ter n a tion a l Cou r t of Ju stice.
Still in th e a bsen ce of a n y oth er pea cefu l m ea n s, th e Gov er n m en t of th e Kin g dom of Belg iu m w ish es h er e
a n d n ow to r ecog n ize th e v a lidity of th e specia l a r bitr a tion pr ocedu r e for a n y dispu te con cer n in g th e
in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion in r espect of fish er ies, pr otection a n d
pr eser v a tion of th e m a r in e en v ir on m en t, m a r in e scien tific r esea r ch or n a v ig a tion , in clu din g pollu tion fr om
v essels a n d by du m pin g .
For th e tim e bein g , th e Belg ia n Gov er n m en t does n ot w ish to m a ke a n y decla r a tion in a ccor da n ce w ith
A r ticle 2 9 8 , con fin in g itself to th e on e m a de a bov e in a ccor da n ce w ith A r ticle 2 8 7 . Fin a lly , th e
Gov er n m en t of th e Kin g dom of Belg iu m does n ot con sider itself bou n d by a n y of th e decla r a tion s w h ich oth er
Sta tes h a v e m a de, or m a y m a ke, u pon sig n in g or r a tify in g th e Con v en tion , r eser v in g th e r ig h t, a s
n ecessa r y , to deter m in e its position w ith r eg a r d to ea ch of th em a t th e a ppr opr ia te tim e.
Upon ratification:
Declaration:
The Kingdom of Belgium Notes that , as a State member of the European Community, it has transferred
competence to the Community for some matters provided for in the Convention, w hich are listed in the declaration
made by the European Community upon formal confirmation of the Convention by the European Community on
1st April 1998.
In a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Con v en tion , th e Kin g dom of Belg iu m h er eby decla r es th a t it
ch ooses, a s a m ea n s for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e
Con v en tion , in v iew of its pr efer en ce for pr e-esta blish ed ju r isdiction s, eith er th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for
th e La w of th e Sea esta blish ed in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V I (a r t. 2 8 7 .1 (a )) or th e In ter n a tion a l Cou r t of
Ju stice (a r t. 2 8 7 .1 (b)), in th e a bsen ce of a n y oth er m ea n s of pea cefu l settlem en t of dispu tes th a t it m ig h t
pr efer .
Boliv ia (Plu rina t iona l St a t e of)
Upon signature:
On sig n in g th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , th e Gov er n m en t of Boliv ia h er eby
m a kes th e follow in g decla r a tion befor e th e In ter n a tion a l com m u n ity :
1 . Th e Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea is a per fectible in str u m en t a n d, a ccor din g to its ow n pr ov ision s,
is su bject to r ev ision . A s a pa r ty to it, Boliv ia w ill, w h en th e tim e com es, pu t for w a r d pr oposa ls a n d r ev ision s
w h ich a r e in keepin g w ith its n a tion a l in ter ests.
2 . Boliv ia is con fiden t th a t th e Con v en tion w ill en su r e, in th e n ea r fu tu r e, th e join t dev elopm en t of th e
r esou r ces of th e sea -bed, w ith equ a l oppor tu n ities a n d r ig h ts for a ll n a tion s, especia lly dev elopin g cou n tr ies.
3 . Fr eedom of a ccess to a n d fr om th e sea , w h ich th e Con v en tion g r a n ts to la n d-locked n a tion s, is a r ig h t
th a t Boliv ia h a s been ex er cisin g by v ir tu e of bila ter a l tr ea ties a n d w ill con tin u e to ex er cise by v ir tu e of th e
n or m s of positiv e in ter n a tion a l la w con ta in ed in th e Con v en tion .
4 . Boliv ia w ish es to pla ce on r ecor d th a t it is a cou n tr y th a t h a s n o m a r itim e sov er eig n ty a s a r esu lt of a
w a r a n d n ot a s a r esu lt of its n a tu r a l g eog r a ph ic position a n d th a t it w ill a sser t a ll th e r ig h ts of coa sta l Sta tes
u n der th e Con v en tion on ce it r ecov er s th e leg a l sta tu s in qu estion a s a con sequ en ce of n eg otia tion s on th e
r estor a tion to Boliv ia of its ow n sov er eig n ou tlet to th e Pa cific Ocea n .
Bra zil
Upon signature:
"I. Sig n a tu r e by Br a zil is
ad referendum
, su bject to r a tifica - tion of th e Con v en tion in con for m ity w ith
Br a zilia n con stitu tion a l pr ocedu r es, w h ich in clu de a ppr ov a l by th e Na tion a l Con g r ess.
II. Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t u n der sta n ds th a t th e r ég im e w h ich is a pplied in pr a ctice in m a r itim e
a r ea s a dja cen t to th e coa st of Br a zil is com pa tible w ith th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion .
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th r ea t or u se of for ce a g a in st th e ter r itor ia l in teg r ity or politica l in depen den ce of a n y Sta te, or in a n y oth er
m a n n er in con sisten t w ith th e pr in ciples of in ter n a tion a l la w em bodied in th e Ch a r ter of th e Un ited Na tion s",
a pply , in pa r ticu la r , to th e m a r itim e a r ea s u n der th e sov er eig n ty or th e ju r isdiction of th e coa sta l Sta te.
IV . Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t u n der sta n ds th a t th e pr ov i- sion s of th e Con v en tion do n ot a u th or ize oth er
Sta tes to ca r r y ou t in th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e m ilita r y ex er cises or m a n oeu v r es, in pa r ticu la r th ose th a t
im ply th e u se of w ea pon s or ex plosiv es, w ith ou t th e con sen t of th e coa sta l Sta te.
V . Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t u n der sta n ds th a t, in a ccor d- a n ce w ith th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion ,
th e coa sta l Sta te h a s, in th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d on th e con tin en ta l sh elf, th e ex clu siv e r ig h t to
con str u ct a n d to a u th or ize a n d r eg u la te th e con str u ction , oper a tion a n d u se of a ll ty pes of in sta lla tion s a n d
str u ctu r es, w ith ou t ex ception , w h a tev er th eir n a tu r e or pu r pose.
V I. Br a zil ex er cises sov er eig n ty r ig h ts ov er th e con tin en ta l sh elf, bey on d th e dista n ce of tw o h u n dr ed
n a u tica l m iles fr om th e ba selin es, u p to th e ou ter edg e of th e con tin en ta l m a r g in , a s defin ed in a r ticle 7 6 .
V II. Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t r eser v es th e r ig h t to m a ke a t th e a ppr opr ia te tim e th e decla r a tion s
pr ov ided for in a r ticles 2 8 7 a n d 2 9 8 , con cer n in g th e settlem en t of dispu tes."
Upon ratification:
"I. Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t u n der sta n ds th a t th pr ov ision s of a r ticle 3 01 pr oh ibitin g "a n y th r ea t or
u se of for ce a g a in st th e ter r itor ia l in teg r ity of a n y Sta te, or in oth er m a n n er in con sisten t w ith th e pr in ciples
of in ter n a tion a l la w em bodied in th e Ch a r ter of th e Un ited Na tion s a pply in pa r ticu la r to th e m a r itim e a r ea s
u n der th e sov er eig n ty or ju r isdiction of th e coa sta l Sta te.
"II. Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t u n der sta n ds th a t th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion do n ot a u th or ize oth er
Sta tes to ca r r y ou t m ilita r y ex er cises or m a n oeu v r es, in pa r ticu la r th ose in v olv in g th e u se of w ea pon s or
ex plosiv es, in th e Ex clu siv e Econ om ic Zon e w ith ou t th e con sen t of th e coa sta l Sta te.
"III. Th e Br a zilia n Gov er n m en t u n der sta n ds th a t in a ccor da n ce w ith th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion th e
coa sta l Sta te h a s, in th e Ex clu siv e Econ om ic Zon e a n d on th e con tin en ta l sh elf, th e ex clu siv e r ig h t to
con str u ct a n d to a u th or ize a n d to r eg u la te th e con str u ction , oper a tion a n d u se of a ll kin ds of in sta lla tion s
a n d str u ctu r es, w ith ou t ex ception , w h a tev er th eir n a tu r e or pu r pose".
Ca na da
Declaration:
"With r eg a r d to a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , th e Gov er n m en t of Ca n a da h er eby
ch ooses th e follow in g m ea n s for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of th e
Con v en tion w ith ou t specify in g th a t on e h a s pr eceden ce ov er th e oth er :
(a ) th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea esta blish ed in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V I of th e
Con v en tion ; a n d
(b) a n a r bitr a l tr ibu n a l con stitu ted in a ccor da n ce w ith A n n ex V II of th e Con v en tion .
With r eg a r d to A r ticle 2 9 8 , pa r a g r a ph 1 of th e Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , Ca n a da does n ot a ccept
a n y of th e pr ocedu r es pr ov ided for in Pa r t XV , section 2 , w ith r espect to th e follow in g dispu tes:
- Dispu tes con cer n in g th e in ter pr eta tion or a pplica tion of a r ticles 1 5 , 7 4 a n d 8 3 r ela tin g to sea bou n da r y
delim ita tion s, or th ose in v olv in g h istor ic ba y s or titles;
- Dispu tes con cer n in g m ilita r y a ctiv ities, in clu din g m ilita r y a ctiv ities by g ov er n m en t v essels a n d
a ir cr a ft en g a g ed in n on -com m er cia l ser v ice, a n d dispu tes con cer n in g la w en for cem en t a ctiv ities in r eg a r d
to th e ex er cise of sov er eig n r ig h ts or ju r isdiction ex clu ded fr om th e ju r isdiction of a cou r t or tr ibu n a l u n der
a r ticle 2 9 7 , pa r a g r a ph 2 or 3 ;
- Dispu tes in r espect of w h ich th e Secu r ity Cou n cil of th e Un ited Na tion s is ex er cisin g th e fu n ction s
a ssig n ed to it by th e Ch a r ter of th e Un ited Na tion s, u n less th e Secu r ity Cou n cil decides to r em ov e th e m a tter
fr om its a g en da or ca lls u pon th e pa r ties to settle it by th e m ea n s pr ov ided for in th e Con v en tion .
A ccor din g to A r ticle 3 09 of th e Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , n o r eser v a tion s or ex ception s m a y be
m a de to th e Con v en tion u n less ex pr essly per m itted by oth er a r ticles of th e Con v en tion . A decla r a tion or
sta tem en t m a de pu r su a n t to a r ticle 3 1 0 of th e Con v en tion ca n n ot pu r por t to ex clu de or to m odify th e leg a l
effect of th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion in th eir a pplica tion to th e sta te, en tity or in ter n a tion a l
or g a n iza tion m a kin g it. Con sequ en tly , th e Goer n m en t of Ca n a da decla r es th a t it does n ot con sider itself
bou n d by decla r a tion s or sta tem en ts th a t h a v e been m a de or w ill be m a de by oth er sta tes, en tities a n d
in ter n a tion a l or g a n iza tion s pu r su a n t to a r ticle 3 1 0 of th e Con v en tion a n d th a t ex clu de or m odify th e leg a l
effect of th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion a n d th eir a pplica tion to th e Sta te, en tity or in ter n a tion a l
or g a n iza tion m a kin g it. La ck of r espon se by th e Gov er n m en t of Ca n a da to a n y decla r a tion or sta tem en t
sh a ll n ot be in ter pr eted a s ta cit a ccepta n ce of th a t decla r a tion or sta tem en t. Th e Gov er n m en t of Ca n a da
r eser v es th e r ig h t a t a n y tim e to ta ke a position on a n y decla r a tion or sta tem en t in th e m a n n er deem ed
a ppr opr ia te."
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Ca pe V erde
Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratifica- tion:
"Th e Gov er n m en t of th e Repu blic of Ca pe V er de sig n s th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e La w of th e
Sea w ith th e follow in g u n der sta n din g s:
I. Th is Con v en tion r ecog n izes th e r ig h t of coa sta l Sta tes to a dopt m ea su r es to sa feg u a r d th eir secu r ity
in ter ests, in clu din g th e r ig h t to a dopt la w s a n d r eg u la tion s r ela tin g to th e in n ocen t pa ssa g e of for eig n
w a r sh ips th r ou g h th eir ter r itor ia l sea or a r ch ipela g ic w a ter s. Th is r ig h t is in fu ll con for m ity w ith a r ticles
1 9 a n d 2 5 of th e Con v en tion , a s it w a s clea r ly sta ted in th e Decla r a tion m a de by th e Pr esiden t of th e Th ir d
Un ited Na tion s Con fer en ce on th e La w of th e Sea in th e plen a r y m eetin g of th e Con fer en ce on A pr il 2 6 ,
1 9 8 2 .
II. Th e pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion r ela tin g to th e a r ch ipela g ic w a ter s, ter r itor ia l sea , ex clu siv e
econ om ic zon e a n d con tin en ta l sh elf a r e com pa tible w ith th e fu n da m en ta l objectiv es a n d a im s th a t in spir e
th e leg isla tion of th e Repu blic of Ca pe V er de con cer n in g its sov er eig n ty a n d ju r isdiction ov er th e sea
a dja cen t to a n d w ith in its coa sts a n d ov er th e sea bed a n d su bsoil th er eof u p to th e lim it of 2 00 m iles.
III. Th e leg a l n a tu r e of th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a s defin ed in th e Con v en tion a n d th e scope of th e
r ig h ts r ecog n ized th er ein to th e coa sta l sta te lea v e n o dou bt a s to its ch a r a cter of a
sui
generis
zon e of
n a tion a l ju r isdiction differ en t fr om th e ter r itor ia l sea a n d w h ich is n ot a pa r t of th e h ig h sea s.
IV . Th e r eg u la tion s of th e u ses or a ctiv ities w h ich a r e n ot ex pr essly pr ov ided for in th e Con v en tion bu t
a r e r ela ted to th e sov er eig n r ig h ts a n d to th e ju r isdiction of th e coa sta l Sta te in its ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e
fa lls w ith in th e com peten ce of th e sa id Sta te, pr ov ided th a t su ch r eg u la tion does n ot h in der th e en joy m en t of
th e fr eedom s of in ter n a tion a l com m u n ica tion w h ich a r e r ecog n ized to oth er Sta tes.
V . In th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e, th e en joy m en t of th e fr eedom s of in ter n a tion a l com m u n ica tion , in
con for m ity w ith its defin ition a n d w ith oth er r elev a n t pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion , ex clu des a n y n on
-pea cefu l u se w ith ou t th e con sen t of th e coa sta l Sta te, su ch a s ex er cises w ith w ea pon s or oth er a ctiv ities
w h ich m a y a ffect th e r ig h ts or in ter ests of th e sa id sta te; a n d it a lso ex clu des th e th r ea t or u se of for ce
a g a in st th e ter r itor ia l in teg r ity , politica l in depen den ce, pea ce or secu r ity of th e coa sta l Sta te.
V I. Th is Con v en tion does n ot en title a n y Sta te to con str u ct, oper a te or u se in sta lla tion s or str u ctu r es in
th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e of a n oth er Sta te, eith er th ose pr ov ided for in th e Con v en tion or th ose of a n y
oth er n a tu r e, w ith ou t th e con sen t of th e coa sta l Sta te.
V II. In a ccor da n ce w ith a ll th e r elev a n t pr ov ision s of th e Con v en tion , w h er e th e sa m e stock or stocks of
a ssocia ted species occu r both w ith in th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e a n d in a n a r ea bey on d a n d a dja cen t to th e
zon e, th e Sta tes fish in g for su ch stocks in th e a dja cen t a r ea a r e du ty bou n d to en ter in to a r r a n g em en ts w ith
th e coa sta l Sta te u pon th e m ea su r es n ecessa r y for th e con ser v a tion of th ese stock or stocks of a ssocia ted
species."
Upon ratification:
I. [. . .]
II. Th e Repu blic of Ca pe V er de decla r es, w ith ou t pr eju dice of a r ticle 3 03 of th e Un ited Na tion s
Con v en tion on th e La w of th e Sea , th a t a n y objects of a n a r ch a eolog ica l a n d h istor ica l n a tu r e fou n d w ith in
th e m a r itim e a r ea s ov er w h ich it ex er ts sov er eig n ty or ju r isdiction , sh a ll n ot be r em ov ed w ith ou t its pr ior
n otifica tion a n d con sen t.
III. Th e Repu blic of Ca pe V er de decla r es th a t, in th e a bsen ce of or fa ilin g a n y oth er pea cefu l m ea n s, it
ch ooses, in or der of pr efer en ce a n d in a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 8 7 of th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on
th e La w of th e Sea , th e follow in g pr ocedu r es for th e settlem en t of dispu tes r eg a r din g th e in ter pr eta tion or
a pplica tion of th e sa id Con v en tion :
a ) th e In ter n a tion a l Tr ibu n a l for th e La w of th e Sea ;
b) th e In ter n a tion a l Cou r t of Ju stice.
IV . Th e Repu blic of Ca pe V er de, in a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 2 9 8 of th e Un ited Na tion s Con v en tion on th e
La w of th e Sea , decla r es th a t it does n ot a ccept th e pr ocedu r es pr ov ided for in Pa r t XV , Section 2 , of th e sa id
Con v en tion for th e settlem en t of dispu tes con cer n in g m ilita r y a ctiv ities, in clu din g m ilita r y a ctiv ities by
g ov er n m en t oper a ted v essels a n d a ir cr a ft en g a g ed in n on -com m er cia l ser v ice, a s w ell a s dispu tes
con cer n in g la w en for cem en t a ctiv ities in r eg a r d to th e ex er cise of sov er eig n r ig h ts or ju r isdiction ex clu ded
fr om th e ju r isdiction of a cou r t or tr ibu n a l u n der a r ticle 2 9 7 , pa r a g r a ph s 2 a n d 3 of th e a for em en tion ed
Con v en tion ."
Ch ile
Statement made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
In ex er cise of th e r ig h t con fer r ed by a r ticle 3 1 0 of th e Con v en tion , th e deleg a tion of Ch ile w ish es fir st of
a ll to r eiter a te in its en tir ety th e sta tem en t it m a de a t la st A pr il's m eetin g w h en th e Con v en tion w a s
a dopted. Th a t sta tem en t is r epr odu ced in docu m en t A /CONF.6 2 /SR.1 6 4 . . . . in pa r ticu la r to th e
treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI~6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en
14/69
Con v en tion 's piv ota l leg a l con cept, th a t of th e 2 00 m ile ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e to th e ela bor a tion of w h ich
[th e Gov er n m en t of Ch ile] cou n tr y m a de a n im por ta n t con tr ibu tion , h a v in g been th e fir st to decla r e su ch a
con cept, 3 5 y ea r s a g o in 1 9 4 7 , a n d h a v in g su bsequ en tly h elped to defin e a n d ea r n it in ter n a tion a l
a ccepta n ce. Th e ex clu siv e econ om ic zon e h a s a
sui
generis
leg a l ch a r a cter distin ct fr om th a t of th e
ter r itor ia l sea a n d th e h ig h sea s. It is a zon e u n der n a tion a l ju r isdiction , ov er w h ich th e coa sta l Sta te
ex er cises econ om ic sov er eig n ty a n d in w h ich th ir d Sta tes en joy fr eedom of n a v ig a tion a n d ov er flig h t a n d
th e fr eedom s in h er en t in in ter n a tion a l com m u n ica tion . Th e Con v en tion defin es it a s a m a r itim e spa ce
u n der th e ju r isdiction of th e coa sta l Sta te, bou n d to th e la tter s' ter r itor ia l sov er eig n ty a n d a ctu a l ter r itor y ,
on ter m s sim ila r to th ose g ov er n in g oth er m a r itim e spa ces, n a m ely th e ter r itor ia l sea a n d th e con tin en ta l
sh elf. With r eg a r d to str a its u sed for in ter n a tion a l n a v ig a tion , th e deleg a tion of Ch ile w ish es to r ea ffir m a n d
r eiter a te in fu ll th e sta tem en t m a de la st A pr il, a s r epr odu ced in docu m en t A /CONF.6 2 /SR.1 6 4 r efer r ed to
a bov e, a s w ell a s th e con ten t of th e su pplem en ta r y w r itten sta tem en t da ted 7 A pr il 1 9 8 2 con ta in ed in
docu m en tA /CONF.6 2 /WS/1 9 .
With r eg a r d to th e in ter n a tion a l sea -bed r ég im e, [th e Gov -er n m en t of Ch ile w ish es] to r eiter a te th e
sta tem en t m a de by th e Gr ou p of 7 7 a t la st A pr il's m eetin g r eg a r din g th e leg a l con cept of th e com m on
h er ita g e of m a n kin d, th e ex isten ce of w h ich w a s solem n ly con fir m ed by con sen su s by th e Gen er a l A ssem bly
in 1 9 7 0 a n d w h ich th e pr esen t Con v en tion defin es a s a pa r t of
jus cogens
. A n y a ction ta ken in
con tr a v en tion of th is pr in ciple a n d ou tside th e fr a m ew or k of th e sea -bed r ég im e w ou ld, a s la st A pr il's deba te
sh ow ed, be tota lly in v a lid a n d illeg a l.
Upon ratification:
...
2 . Th e Repu blic of Ch ile decla r es th a t th e Tr ea ty of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip sig n ed w ith th e A r g en tin e
Repu blic on 2 9 Nov em ber 1 9 8 4 , w h ich en ter ed in to for ce on 2 Ma y 1 9 8 5 , sh a ll defin e th e bou n da r ies
betw een th e r espectiv e sov er eig n ties ov er th e sea , sea bed a n d su bsoil of th e A r g en tin e Repu blic a n d th e
Repu blic of Ch ile in th e sea of th e sou th er n zon e in th e ter m s la id dow n in a r ticles 7 to 9 .
3 . With r eg a r d to pa r t II of th e Con v en tion :
(a ) In a ccor da n ce w ith a r ticle 1 3 of th e Tr ea ty of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip of 1 9 8 4 , th e Repu blic of Ch ile, in
ex er cise of its sov er eig n r ig h ts, g r a n ts to th e A r g en tin e Repu blic th e n a v ig a tion fa cilities th r ou g h Ch ilea n
in ter n a l w a ter s descr ibed in th a t Tr ea ty , w h ich a r e specified in a n n ex 2 , a r ticles 1 to 9 .
In a ddition , th e Repu blic of Ch ile decla r es th a t by v ir tu e of th is Tr ea ty , sh ips fly in g th e fla g of th ir d
cou n tr ies m a y n a v ig a te w ith ou t obsta cles th r ou g h th e in ter n a l w a ter s a lon g th e r ou tes specified in a n n ex 2 ,
a r ticles 1 a n d 8 , su bject to th e r elev a n t Ch ilea n r eg u la tion s.
In th e Tr ea ty of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip of 1 9 8 4 , th e tw o Pa r ties a g r eed on th e sy stem of n a v ig a tion a n d
pilota g e in th e Bea g le Ch a n n el defin ed in a n n ex 2 , a r ticles 1 1 to 1 6 . Th e pr ov ision s on n a v ig a tion set for th in
th a t a n n ex r epla ce a n y pr ev iou s a g r eem en t on th e su bjectth a t m ig h t ex ist betw een th e Pa r ties.
We r eiter a te th a t th e n a v ig a tion sy stem s a n d fa cilities r efer r ed to in th is pa r a g r a ph w er e esta blish ed in
th e 1 9 8 4 Tr ea ty of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip for th e sole pu r pose of fa cilita tin g m a r itim e com m u n ica tion
betw een specific m a r itim e poin ts a n d a r ea s, a lon g th e specific r ou tes in dica ted, so th a t th ey do n ot a pply to
oth er r ou tes ex istin g in th e zon e w h ich h a v e n ot ben specifica lly a g r eed on .
b) Th e Repu blic of Ch ile r ea ffir m s th e fu ll v a lidity a n d for ce of Su pr em e Decr ee No. 4 1 6 of 1 9 7 7 , of th e
Min istr y of For eig n A ffa ir s, w h ich , in a ccor da n ce w ith th e pr in ciples of a r ticle 7 of th e Con v en tion -- w h ich
h a v e been fu lly r ecog n ized by Ch ile -- esta blish ed th e str a ig h t ba selin es w h ich w er e con fir m ed in a r ticle 1 1
of th e 1 9 8 4 Tr ea ty of Pea ce a n d Fr ien dsh ip.
c) In ca ses in w h ich th e Sta te pla ces r estr iction s on th e r ig h t of in n ocen t pa ssa g e for for eig n w a r sh ips, th e
Repu blic of Ch ile r eser v es th e r ig h t to a pply sim ila r r estr ictiv e m ea su r es.
4 . With r eg a r d to pa r t III of th e Con v en tion , it s
