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Uji In Vitro Aktivitas Antelmintik Ekstrak Etilasetat Daun Pugun Tanoh [Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr.]
Abstrak
Kecacingan merupakan permasalahan kesehatan di dunia. Munculnya strain cacing parasit yang resisten terhadap antelmintik menyebabkan pengobatan kecacingan menjadi lebih sulit. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menemukan sumber antelmintik baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik simplisia dan ekstrak etilasetat daun pugun tanoh serta aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etilasetat daun pugun tanoh.
Ekstrak disiapkan dengan mengekstraksi serbuk simplisia daun pugun tanoh dengan etilasetat secara maserasi. Simplisia dan ekstrak diskrining fitokimia dan dikarakterisasi untuk menentukan kadar air, sari larut dalam air, sari larut dalam etanol, abu total, dan abu tidak larut asam. Uji aktivitas antelmintik dilakukan dengan membagi Pheretima posthuma menjadi 7 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing terdiri dari 3 ekor cacing. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif diberi larutan NaCl 0,9%. Kelompok II diberi larutan NaCl 0,9% yang mengandung 1% Tween 80 sebagai kontrol pelarut. Kelompok III sebagai kontrol positif diberi suspensi albendazole 20 mg/ml. Kelompok IV, V, VI, dan VII masing-masing diberi dengan suspensi ekstrak etilasetat daun pugun tanoh konsentrasi 5, 10, 20, dan 30 mg/ml. Aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etilasetat daun pugun tanoh ditentukan berdasarkan waktu paralisis dan waktu kematian P.posthuma.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia dan ekstrak berturut-turut adalah kadar air (3,98% dan 2,98%), sari larut dalam air (20,20%), sari larut dalam etanol (21,15%), abu total (9,01% dan 3,77%) dan abu tidak larut asam (0,92% dan 0,36%). Hasil skrining serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etilasetat daun pugun tanoh adalah senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etilasetat daun pugun tanoh memiliki aktivitas antelmintik terhadap P.posthuma pada seluruh konsentrasi pengujian. Aktivitas antelmintiknya tergantung pada konsentrasi.
Kata kunci: Antelmintik, pugun tanoh, Curanga fel-terrae,kecacingan, Pheretima posthuma.
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In Vitro Study of the Anthelmintic Activity of the Ethylacetate Extract of Pugun Tanoh Leaves [Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr.]
Abstract
Helminthiasis is a world health problem. Emerging of helminthical resistant strain to anthelmintics leads to the difficulty of helminthiasis treatment. Therefore, it is nessecary to do study to find out a new anthelmintic source. This study was to determine characteristics of dried material and ethylacetate extract of Curanga fel-terrae leaves, as well as the anthelmintic activity of the leaves extract.
The extract was prepared by extracting C.fel-terrae dried leaves powder in ethylacetate with maceration. The dried leaves powder and extract of plant were separately characterized to determine water, water-soluble extractive, ethanol-soluble extractive, total ash, and acid-inethanol-soluble ash contents. Pytochemical screening of the dried leaves and extract of plant was also carried out. Anthelmintic activity study was performed by dividing Pheretima posthuma into seven groups, each group consisted of three earth worms. Group I as negative control was exposed to sodium chloride 0.9% solution. Group II exposed to sodium chloride 0.9% solution containing Tween 80 1% was served as solvent control. Group III as positive control was treated with 20 mg/ml of albendazole suspension. Group IV, V, VI, and VII were exposed to the leaf ethylacetate extract of the plant at 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/ml concentrations. The anthelmintic activity of the plant extract was determined by paralysis and death time of the worms.
The result showed that characteristic of dried leaves powder and ethylacetate extract respectively was water (3.98% and 2.98%), water-soluble extractive (20.20%), ethanol-soluble extractive (21.15%), total ash (9.01% and 3.77%), and acid-insoluble ash contents (0.92% and 0.36%). The dried material and ethylacetate extract of the plant contain flavonoids, glycoside, saponins, tannin, and steroids/triterpenoids. The result indicated that the leaf ethylacetate extract of C.fel-terrae to have anthelmintic activity against P.posthuma at all treatment concentration. The anthelmintic activity of the plant extract was produced in a concentration dependent manner.
Keywords: Anthelmintic, pugun tanoh, Curanga fel-terrae, helminthiasis, Pheretima posthuma.
