ISOLASI DAN ANALISIS KOMPONEN MINYAK ATSIRI DARI RIMPANG TEMU GIRING (Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp)
SEGAR DAN KERING SECARA GC-MS
ABSTRAK
Minyak atsiri lazim juga dikenal dengan nama minyak menguap. Rimpang temu giring mengandung amilum, lemak, tanin, zat pahit serta minyak atsiri dengan kadar tidak kurang dari 1,5% yang banyak digunakan dalam dunia kecantikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar minyak atsiri dan perbedaan komponen minyak atsiri dari rimpang temu giring segar dan simplisia.
Penelitian meliputi pengambilan dan pengolahan bahan tumbuhan, karakterisasi simplisia, penetapan kadar minyak atsiri dengan menggunakan alat Stahl, isolasi minyak atsiri rimpang temu giring menggunakan metode penyulingan air, karakterisasi minyak atsiri meliputi penetapan parameter fisika dan analisis komponen dengan menggunakan alat GC-MS.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp) diperoleh kadar abu total 7,07%; kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,30%; kadar sari yang larut dalam air 23,38%; kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 12,60% dan kadar air 6,65%. Hasil penetapan kadar minyak atsiri dari rimpang temu giring dengan alat Stahl diperoleh kadar minyak atsiri rimpang temu giring segar sebesar 1,5% v/b dan simplisia rimpang temu giring sebesar 2,1% v/b. Hasil penetapan indeks bias minyak atsiri rimpang temu giring segar adalah 1,51112 dan indeks bias minyak atsiri simplisia temu giring sebesar 1,51173. Bobot jenis minyak atsiri rimpang temu giring segar diperoleh sebesar 0,9625 dan bobot jenis minyak atsiri simplisia temu giring sebesar 0,9369. Hasil analisis GC-MS minyak atsiri dari simplisia temu giring yang diperoleh menunjukkan sepuluh komponen utama yaitu germakron (8,25%), kamfor (6,92%), sineol (4,75%), 1,1,3trimetil7metilendekahidro1Hcyclopropa naphthalene (1,98%), farnesen (1,87%), borneol (1,76%), -selinen (1,26%), kamfen (1,03%), --selinen (1,26%), -elemen (0,93%). Hasil analisis GC-MS minyak atsiri dari temu giring segar menunjukkan sepuluh komponen utama yaitu, kamfor (13,72%), -farnesen (11,81%), sineol (6,19%), kamfen (5,12%), limonen (3,45%), -elemen (2,75%), -bergamoten (1,93%), borneol (1,76%), trans-kariofilen (1,55%), -pinen (1,36%). Terdapat perbedaan komponen dan kadar komponen dari rimpang temu giring segar dan simplisia temu giring.
Kata kunci: minyak atsiri, rimpang temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp).
ISOLATION AND ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE OIL FROM FRESH AND DRIED TEMU GIRING RHIZOME (Curcuma heyneanaValeton &
Zijp) BY GC-MS ABSTRACT
Essential oil is also known as volatile oil. Temu giring is widely used in traditional medicine. The rhizome of Curcuma heyneana contains starch, fat, tannin, bitter substance and essential oil not less than 1.5%. The objective of this study is to determine the content of volatile oil from fresh and dried temu giring and analysis of their components.
This research includes the collection of plant material and preparation of simplicia (dried crude drug), characterization of simplicia, determination of volatile oil content by Stahl apparatus, isolation of volatile oil by water distillation, characterization of physical parameters, identification of essential oil components byGas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of fresh and driedCurcuma heyneanaValeton & Zijp
The results of the characterization of crudeCurcuma heyneanaValeton & Zijp gave the total ash value of 7.07%, acid insoluble ash value is 1.30%, the water soluble extract value is t 23.38%, the etanol soluble extract value is 12.60 % and the water value is 6.65%. The Curcuma heyneana oil content is 1.5% v/w and dried Curcumae heyneana oil is 2.1% v/w . The refractive index of fresh Curcumae heyneana oil is 1.51112 and the refractive index of dried Curcuma heyneana oil is 1.51173. Specific gravity of fresh Curcuma heyneanaoil is 0.9625 and specific gravity of dried Curcumae heyneana oil is 0.9369. The results of GC-MS analysis of Curcuma heyneana oil gave ten main components they are germacrone (8.25%), camphor (6.92%), 1,8 cineole (4.75%), 1,1,3-trimethyl-7-methylene -decahydro-1H-cyclopropa naphthalene (1.98%), -farnesene (1.87%), borneol (1.76%), -seline (1.26%), camphene (1.03%), -seline (1.26%), -elemene (0.93%). While the results of GC-MS analysis of freshCurcuma heyneanaoil showed ten main components, they are camphor (13.72%), -farnesene (11.81%), cineole (6.19%), camphene (5.12%), limonene (3.45%), -elemene (2.75%), -bergamotene (1.93%), borneol (1.76%), trans-caryophyllene (1.55%), -pinene (1.36%).
Keywords: volatile oil, Temu giring (Curcuma heyneanaValeton Zijp).
