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S I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N U
: a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U a w s i s a h a m a y a s ,i n i h a w a b i d n a g n a t a d n a tr e b g n a Y
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, n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e g n e p i m e
D saya membeirkan kepada Perpustakaan l
u d u jr e b g n a y a y a s h a i m li a y r a k a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n
U Japan’ sMlitiary
d r a w o t a r E r o r e p m E i ji e M n i n o it a z i n r e d o M f O t c e ff E e h T s A t n e m h s il b a t s E
s ’ n a g o L n h o J n I n e e S s A y t e i c o S e s e n a p a
J The Las tSamura iScreenplay
a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . n a k u lr e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a tr e s e b
m a l a d n a k h il a g n e m , n a p m i y n e m k a h a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P
a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d n a l a k g n a p k u t n e b m a l a d a y n a l o l e g n e m , n i a l k u t n e b
y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m n a d s a t a b r e
t a d i interne t atau media yang lain untuk n a k ir e b m e m n u p u a m a y a s i r a d n i z i a t n i m m u lr e p a p n a t s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k
.s il u n e p i a g a b e s a y a s a m a n n a k m u t n a c n e m p a t e t a m a l e s a y a s a d a p e k i tl a y o r
. a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e D
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ii v
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
s i H t u o h ti w e s u a c e b , t s ir h C s u s e J k n a h t o t e k il d l u o w I , t s o m e r o f d n a t s ri F
. e n o d e b t o n d l u o w s i s e h t s i h t , g n i s s e l b
ti t a r g e r e c n i s y m s s e r p x e o t h s i w
I ude to my advisor ,Drs .Hrimawan
o s l a I . e c n e it a p d n a , s n o it c e r r o c , s n o it s e g g u s , e m it e h t r o f , . m u H . M , a k r a n a ji W
o c y m o t e d u ti t a r g y m s s e r p x e o t t n a
w -advisor ,Adven itnaPurtanit ,S.S. ,M.Hum. ,
.s i s e h t s i h t r o f s t u p n i d n a s n o it c e r r o c e h t r o f
l d l u o w o s l a
I ike to sincerely thank my wonderfu lparents .Thank you ,
o t d e s s e l b o s l e e f I . tr o p p u s d n a , g n ir a c , e v o l s s e l d n e r u o y r o f , a m a M d n a a p a P
o t e k il d l u o w o s l a I . e m r o f e r e h t s y a w l a s i o h w , r e h t o r b g i b y m s a o n I s a M e v a h
t o m d n a r g d n a s r e h t a f d n a r g e t a l y m k n a h
t her swho , Ibeileve ,arehelpingmef rom
i d n a g u S d n a y li m a f o n ti y u S m o r f tr o p p u s d n a e v o l e h t r o f k n a h t o s l a I . e v o b a p u
. y li m a f
, i Z , a y A , s d n e ir f y m m o r f t r o p p u s d n a p l e h e h t h ti w e n o d s i s i s e h t s i h T
a ri F , a s o R , o r b m o T , e n e r I , a y s A , t u y I , a ti D , n i y I , i b i
P ,Kenan ,Sonson ,Herman ,
r u o h g u o r h t p i h s d n e ir f t a e r g e h t r o f , s y u g u o y k n a h T . o c i D d n a , n it r a M , a s i N
r o f , n e il u J d n a , y k g n u P , a k i h C , s i c N , a k i T k n a h t o t e k il d l u o w o s l a I . s r a e y e g e ll o c
d a b d n a s e m it d o o g h g u o r h t s d n e ir f y m g n i e b , e m g n it r o p p u s d n a g n i v o
l itmes .
ii i v
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ……… i
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ………. ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ……… iii
E G A P O T T O
M ………..……… vi
E G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ………. v
H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P R A B M E L
S I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N
U ... v i
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ……… iv i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ……… v iii
T C A R T S B
A ………. x
K A R T S B
A ………..…….. xi
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ……….. 1
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy……….…… 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton……… 3 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy……… 3 .
D De ifniitono fTerm s……….. 4
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 7
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudie s………... 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s……….. 9 .
1 Theo ire sonCharacte randCharacte irzaiton……… 9 .
2 Theo ire sonSetitng………. 01 .
3 Theo ire sonStageDriecitons... 11 .
4 Theo ire sonModernizaiton………. 11 .
C ReviewonMeji iRestoraitonandSatsumaRebelilon……….. 12 .
D Theoreitca lFramework………. 16
Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ……… 81
.
A Objec toft heStudy……….. 81 .
B Approachoft heStudy……….. 91 .
C Methodoft heStudy………. 91
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ………. 12 .
A TheCharactersi nTheLas tSamuraiast heRepresentaitono f JapaneseSociety………..…... 12
.
1 MortisuguKatsumoto………. 12 .
2 Omura………. 92 .
3 Empero rMeji i……… 63 .
B ThePresentaitonofJ apaneseSocietyi nMeji iEmpero r f
o g n it t e S e h t n i a r
E TheLas tSamurai………..……... 04 .
1 Physica lSetitng………. 41 .
2 Socia lSetitng……….43 .
x i y t e i c o S e s e n a p a J d r a w o
t seeni nt heCharacteirsitc sandSetitng f
o TheLas tSamurai………..………. 4 8
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ……… 53
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ……… 5 5
X I D N E P P
A ………. 56 …
s ’ n a g o L n h o J f o y r a m m u
1
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
y d u t S e h t f o d n u o r g k c a B . A
t p ir c s e i v o m d o o g a d e e n e w , e i v o m d o o g a e k a m o t t n a w e w n e h
W ,o r
y a l p n e e r c s s a d e ll a c o s l
a . Ascreenplayisr egardeda saworko fatr ,andi ndeed ,a
d n a e r u t a r e ti L “ d e lt it n e y a s s e s i h n i s e t a t s t s a M d l a r e G . s y a d a w o n k r o w y r a r e ti l
, ” m li F
s k r o w e r a s m li
F – indeed work so far t– sequenital ,patterned, t empora l i
s s e r g o r p , d n a d n e d n a n i g e b t a h t s e l o h
w ng from beginning to end , , s e t a n i m u ll i t a h t e l y t s f o d n i k e m o s n i t n e t n o c f o d n i k e m o s e t a r o b a l e
, s y a l p o t s u o g o l a n a e r a s m li f ,s k r o w s A . t n e t n o c t a h t s l a e v e r r o , s t c e lf e r
e h t y b d e il p m i s k r o w f o s d n i k c if i c e p s e h t , s y a s s e d n a , s m e o p , s l e v o n
y d u t s l a r e n e
g ofl tierature.( Mast ,1982:285)
a g n i d a e r , s u h
T screenplay i salso a sinteresitng a sreading any othe r
r a li m i s e h t s a h o s l a t i e c n i s s m e o p r o , s l e v o n , s y a l p s a h c u s s k r o w y r a r e ti l
a s s e m , s r e t c a r a h c , g n it t e s ,s e m e h t s a h c u s s e it r e p o r P . m e h t h ti w s e it r e p o r
p ge ,plot ,
e h t n i d n u o f e r
a screenplay .Readingagoodandclearscreenplay help t her eader s
.f l e s ti e i v o m e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u l l u f a n i a g o t
e h t m o r
F scirp to fThe Las tSamurai ,we can learn abou tthe Japanese
. s 0 7 8 1 n i y t e i c o
s tIi sbecauseTheLas tSamura iha sascirp twhichclealrydepict s
. n a p a J n i r o r e p m E i ji e M f o a r e e h
t TheLas tSamuraii sw irttenbyJohnLogan i n
x o B e c if f O p o T e h t s a h c u s , s d r a w a y n a m n o w s a h f l e s ti e i v o m e h t d n a , 3 0 0 2
t s e B e h t s a , s d r a w A c i s u M n o i s i v e l e T d n a m li F P A C S A n i s e i v o
s e ir o g e t a c l a r e v e s r o f d e t a n i m o n o s l a d n a , y m e d a c A e s e n a p a J f o s d r a w A e h t m o r f
. A S U , s d r a w A y m e d a c A n i
i a r u m a S t s a L e h
T i saboutt her ebelilonofJ apanese’ ssamuraii n t heerao f
, a r e s i h t n I . n o it a r o t s e R i ji e
M Emperor Meji itired to make Japan equa lwtih
n r e t s e
W countires ,whichheknewast hegrea tmoderncountires .Hehadadvisors ,
, s r o t s e c n a e h t m o r f n o it i d a rt e h t d l e h l li t s o h w e n o y l n o t u
b whichi st hes piir to fa
. o t o m u s t a K s i e m a n s i H . ) e v r e s o t : s n a e m ( i a r u m a
s Theproblemwa ,stheEmperor
e h t f o e n o e b o t e l c a t s b o e h t e b l li w i a r u m a s t a h t t h g u o h t s r o s i v d a r e h t o e h t d n a
l li t s y e h t e c n i s d e r r u c c o i a r u m a s e h t m o r f n o il l e b e r e h t , o S . s n o it a n n r e d o m t a e r g
. n o it i d a rt d l o m o r f s e u l a v d n a s m r o n e h t d l o h
s e v il o t o m u s t a
K wtih othe rsamura iin the village .A tthe Meji iera ,the
, n a p a J f o a e r a c i h p a r g o e g e h t f o e s u a c e b s i ti ; t n a s a e p y l n i a m s i y t e i c o s e s e n a p a J
t a h t n o it a p u c c o e h t s i g n i m r a f , o S . e r e h w y r e v e s d l e if y d d a p h ti w o g a l e p i h c r a n a
. m e h t g n o m a e v il i a r u m a s e m o s d n a , e v a h y e h t
n i , e li h w n a e
M the ctiy ,samura ii sno longe rrespected since the word
l li w e w , o d E f o y ti c e h t n I . s u t a t s l a i c o s f o t n e m e g n a r r a e h t s e c a l p e r ” n r e d o m “
, r o d a s s a b m a , r e d ir w a h s k c ir , a h s i e g s a h c u s , s n o it a p u c c o f o d n i k r e h t o n a d n if
t a h T . c t e , n a m e c il o
p aw swhy ,in the sc irpt ,when samura icame ,only severa l
e l p o e
p s witll b o to the samurai ,and the othe rwere insulitng them and thei r
. e c n a r a e p p a d n a s e d u ti tt a l a n o it i d a rt
e h t d a e r o h w e n o y n a o t e l p m a x e d o o g a s i i a r u m a s e h t f o t ir i p s e h T
3
y h w d n a t s r e d n u o t e l p m a x e d o o g a o s l a s i t I . d a h y ll a n i g ir o n o it a n e h t h c i h w
tr o p m i n a h c u s s i y r o t s i
h an tthing to be remembered. History ,especially fo ra
t i e c n i s , y r o t s i h e h t t e g r o f t o n d l u o h s e n O . t n e m e l e t n a tr o p m i n a h c u s s i n o it a n
d n e f e d d n a t h g u o f d a h o h w s r o t s e c n a e h t o t s u d n i m e r ll i
w e dthenaiton .Wewli l
o s s e n e u q i n u e h t e s o l ll i w , y ti t n e d i e s o
l fcutlure ,andl oset henaturall andscape,i f
. y r o t s i h e h t t e g r o f e w
f o t c e f f e e h t t u o b a t u o d n if l li w r e ti r w e h t ,s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t n i , o S
n h o J h g u o r h t , y t e i c o s e s e n a p a J e h t d r a w o t a r e r o r e p m E i ji e M n i n o it a z i n r e d o m
s ’ n a g o
L screenplay ,TheLas tSamurai.
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B
e r a w o l e b s n o it s e u q h c r a e s e r e h t , d e z i n a g r o y d u t s e h t e k a m o t r e d r o n I
: d e s s u c s i d e b l li w t a h t t c e j b u s e h t f o n o it a ti m il d n a e d i u g e h t s a d e t a l u m r o f
.
1 Howarethecharacter sast her epresentaitono fJapanesesocietydescirbed
? t p ir c s e h t n i
.
2 How i s t he socia lsetitng o fJapan i n Meji iEmpero rerapresented i n t he
? t p ir c s
.
3 Wha taret heeffect so fmodernizaitont owardt heJapanesesociety a sseen
g n it t e s e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h t n
i ?
y d u t S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O . C
l p m o c a n i a g o t r e d r o n
I eteanalysi soft hestudy ,weshould answert hose
n o it a z i n r e d o m y b d e c n e u lf n i e r a h c i h w s r e t c a r a h c e h t e r a o h
w da n who arestli l
s e u l a v l a n o it i d a rt r i e h t g n i d l o
h . Thestudy wli lalso analyzet hesocia lsetitng o f
w o n k o t y r a s s e c e n s i tI . d e n e p p a h n o il l e b e r e h t n e h w , s 0 7 8 1 n i y t e i c o s e s e n a p a J
e r a e s o h t d n a , s y a w d l o e h t n i d e v il h c i h w y t e i c o s e h t n e e w t e b n o it a it n e r e f fi d e h t
t d a h o h
w o ilvei nt hemodern ways .Finally atfe ransweirngt hosequesitons ,we
o t d e e
n identfiy t heeffectsof t hemodernizaiton tisefli n t heJapanesesociety a s
g n it t e s e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h t n i n e e
s int hes cirpt .
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D . D
r w e h t , y ti u g i b m a d i o v a d n a e lt it e h t d n a t s r e d n u o
T tie r wli l give
.s i s e h t e h t n i d e t n e s e r p s m r e t e h t t u o b a n o it a n a l p x e
.
1 Modernizaiton
f o d a e t s n i , n a p a J n i n o it a z i n r e d o m f o t p e c n o c e h t e k a t y l n o l li w r e ti r w e h T
n o it a z i n r e d o m f o t p e c n o c l a r e n e g e h t t u o b a g n it ir
w inl tierarywo lrd.I nChanging
f o s n o it p e c n o
C theModernizaitono fJapan , tii smen itonedtha t“ouri dea sabou t
g n i e b o t n i e m a c t i h c i h w y b s s e c o r p e h t d n a y t e i c o s n r e d o m f o e r u t a n e h
t – fit he
e t e r c s i d f o t e s a n a h t r e h t o s m r e t n i d e s s u c s i d e b o t s i n a p a J f o y r o t s i h t n e c e r
) 8 : 5 6 9 1 , ll a H ( ” .s e u g o l o n o
m Stli lin the same aritcle ,Hal lquotes Yanaihara
s i h c i h w , n a p a J n i n o it a z i n r e d o m t u o b a g n i b ir c s e d s ’ o a d a T
f o n o it a li m i s s a d n a n o it a tr o p m i s ’ n a p a J s e v l o v n i n a p a J n i n o it a z i n r e d o M
. s e t a t S d e ti n U e h t d n a e p o r u E f o e r u tl u c d n a , y g o l o n h c e t , s n o it u ti t s n i e h t
e h t o t t n e l a v i u q e s i ti d e t a t s y l p m i
S Westernizaiton o fJapan’ ssociety and f
o y a w e h t t o n s i t i t u b … e r u tl u
c the wo lrd tha tJapanese society should e h t y b d e h c ir n e e b o t s i e r u tl u c d lr o W . t s e W e h t f o t a h t e k il y lt c a x e e m o c e b
n i s e l p o e p s u o ir a v f o s e r u tl u c e h t f o s e c n e r e f fi d d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c r a il u c e p
5
l l a H , k o o b e m a s e h t n i ll it
S arrange sdeifniiton so fmodernizaiton ,alongwtih
e h t f o e e r h t d n a , n o it a z i n r e d o m f o n o it p e c r e p e m a s e h t n i a g o t s r e ti r w r e h t o
e h t d n a s e it i c n i n o it a l u p o p f o n o it a rt n e c n o c h g i h y l e v it a r a p m o c A “ e r a s n o it i n if e d
n a b r u y l g n i s a e r c n
i -centerednes s o f the tota l society ; widespread ltieracy
f o n o it a t n e ir o , c if it n e i c s y l g n i s a e r c n i d n a , r a l u c e s a f o d a e r p s e h t y b d e i n a p m o c c a
y l g n i s a e r c n i e h t d n a , y rt s u d n i , s s e n i s u b , t n e m n o ri v n e s i h o t l a u d i v i d n i e h t
) 9 1 : 5 6 9 1 , ll a H ( ” .s n o it u ti t s n i h c u s f o n o it a z i n a g r o c it a r c u a e r u b
.
2 Meji iEmperor aE r
, d o ir e p e s e n a p a J f o a r e n a s i tI . a r E n o it a r o t s e R i ji e M e h t d e ll a c o s l a s i tI
y b d e l s a w h c i h
w Emperor M eiij (1852-1912) . In Encyclopedia o f Japan :
i r o Z o t s u c a b A m o r f , e r u tl u C d n a y r o ts i H e s e n a p a
J ,Empero rMeiiji s“The122nd
p m E g n i n g i e
r ero r(tenno )in the rtadiitona lcount ;he reigned 1867-1912 .The
n w o n k e m a c e b e h h t a e d s i h r e tf a t u b , o ti h u s ti M s a w e m a n n e v i g s ’ r o r e p m E i ji e M
. ) 8 0 2 : 1 9 9 1 , s n i k r e P ( ” . e c a e P d e n e t h g il n E “ , ij i e M , n g i e r s i h f o e m a n e h t y
b T he
6 8 1 n i d e n e p p a h f l e s ti n o it a r o t s e
r 8 .Encyclopediao fJapan :JapaneseHistoryand
i r o Z o t s u c a b A m o r f , e r u tl u
C states Meji iRestoraiton a s“the restoraiton o f
o t y ti r o h t u a l a c it il o
p the Emperor ;the beginning o fthe modern era o fJapan.”
.) 8 0 2 : 1 9 9 1 , s n i k r e P (
.
3 Japaneses ociety
n i , y t e i c o
S Oxford Advanced Learner’ sDicitonary i sdescirbed a s“[1 ]
f o y ti n u m m o c r a l u c it r a p a ] 2 [ s e it i n u m m o c n i r e h t e g o t g n i v il , l a r e n e g n i e l p o e p
” . c t e , s w a l ,s m o t s u c e m a s e h t e r a h s o h w e l p o e
, e l p o e p e s e n a p a J s i y t e i c o s e s e n a p a
J who ilve together ,and shairng the same
n I . e l p o e p n a ir a r g a y l n i a m s i y t e i c o s e h t , a r E r o r e p m E i ji e M n I . c t e , s w a l ,s m o t s u c
l a i c o s e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c e s e n a p a J r e v o c y l n o l li w y t e i c o s e s e n a p a J , k r o w s i h t
. n e v i g g n it t e s
.
4 Screenplay
o t g n i d r o c c
A Understanding Movie ,s a screenplay i s “A w irtten
a r e m a c s e d u l c n i y ll a n o i s a c c o h c i h w , n o it c a d n a e u g o l a i d s ’ e i v o m a f o n o it p ir c s e d
7
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
s e i d u t S d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R . A
s i h n i ,s w e i V l e e R m o r f c it ir c m li f e n il n o n a c ir e m A n a , il l e n i d r a r e B s e m a J
f o w e i v e
r TheLas tSamura icommenitngtha tthemoviei samoviewtih powerfu l
a b c i p e f o x i
m tlte and human interes ttha tso rarely show sup on movie screen
s y a d e s e h
t .Thef limi si nmanyway saboutt heclashbetweent heoldway s t(hose
n a c ir e m A e h t y b d e y o l p m e e s o h t( w e n e h t d n a ) i a r u m a s e h t f
o -rtained rtoops) .
t a h t d e t a t s o s l a i ll e n i d r a r e B
li h
W ehistorymakest her esutl spredictable( sixdecadesl ater ,at horoughly e h t h ti w t n e m e v l o v n i r u o s i ti , ) r o b r a H l r a e P k c a tt a d l u o w n a p a J n r e d o m
g n it ti s f o e c n e ir e p x e e h t s e z i g r e n e t a h t s n o it a u ti s r i e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c
n o c l a c ir o t s i h e h T . e i v o m s i h t h g u o r h
t tex tmaybeestabilshed ,bu twedon' t f o , s i e r e h T . s r e h t o d n a , a k a T , o t o m u s t a K , n a h t a N o t s n e p p a h t a h w w o n k
y l s s o r g a h c i h w n i s e ir o t s t u o b a c it a m a r d y ll a n o it p e c x e g n i h t e m o s , e s r u o c
. e s n e f e d , d e m o o d y l e t a m it l u t i e b l a , t n a il a v a p u s t u p p u o r g d e r e b m u n t u o
Thats' t hereason why histo irca lbatlte s ilket he Alamo and Thermopylae n
i d e c n e r e f e r y lt i c il p x e s i h c i h w
( The Las t Samurai ) have become e
k il s m li f y h w d n a , y r a d n e g e
l Braveheartare so well-received . Thi s s
e v i g t n e m e l
e TheLas tSamuraimucho f ti spowe randpassion . tIi si nt he n
o it i d a rt g n il l e t y r o t s d n a r
g oft heunderdogachievingglory.( Berardinelil , )
3 0 0 2 ” w e i v e R e i v o M A , i a r u m a S t s a L e h T “
e h
T fris treview o fthe movie oc ntains a whole concep to fthe story .
t e s d n a , t o l p , s r e t c a r a h
C itng are being highilghted ,and also quesitoned .Fo r
il l e n i d r a r e
B ,setitngi nt hestoryi smuchmorei mpo trantt hant hedevelopmen to f
s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u n a n i e l p m a x e n a s e k a t r e ti r w e h t , n o s ir a p m o c a s A
y h d a m ir P y b e n o
d Wicaksono ,enitlted The In lfuence o fBushido on Nathan
e h T t p i r c S e i v o M s ’ n a g o L n h o J n I n e e S s A t n e m p o l e v e D y ti l a n o s r e P s ’ n e r g l A
. i a r u m a S t s a
L In hi sthesis ,Wicaksono focuse son the personaltiy o fNathan
t n a p a J o t t h g u o r b o h w n i a t p a c n a c ir e m A e h t , n e r g l
A o rtain the modernized
. s p o o rt e s e n a p a
J Algren had a very miserable past ,and he wa shaunted by hi s
y n a m d e ll i k e h n e h w , t s a
p people in the batlteifeld .Tha ti swhy he had the
y a p o t , e d i c i u s o t y c n e d n e
t fo rhisf autl ,and t of reef romt heguitl .A smenitoned
3 4 e g a p n o o n o s k a c i W y
b
n o it a s r e v n o c a s a h e h n e h w n e e s e b n a c o s l a e i d o t s s e n g n il li w n e r g l A
e k a m d n a t s a p e h t n i s e lt t a b y n a m t h g u o f d a h e H . o t o m u s t a K h ti w
, e n o d s a h e h t a h w y a p o T . n a i d n I e h t o t e s i m o r p s i h g n i k a e r b y b s e k a t s i m
b t a h t s k n i h t n e r g l
A yhi sdeathhecanbef reef romhi sguli.t”( Wicaksono , )
3 4 : 7 0 0 2
When he stayed wtih Katsumoto in hi svillage ,Algren studied many
e h t t u o b a y ll a i c e p s e , s g n i h
t samura i ilving ,o ro tfen called bushido .Heknewt he
y h w n o s a e
r samurai ,a swel la sanyothe r rtadiiton ,shouldbekept .Att heend o f
d n a o t o m u s t a K d e p l e h e h , t p ir c s e h
t samura ito ifgh tagainstt hemodern rtoop .s
e h t m o r f s e i d u t S e s e n a p a J d e c n a v d A n i A M d e n r a e o h w , n o d r o G l li B
d e lt it y a s s e n a e t o r w , d l e if f e h S f o y ti s r e v i n
U Tokugawa Period’ sInlfuence on
. n o it a r o t s e R i ji e
M In the essay ,he wrote abou tTokugawa Peirod ,in term so f
t n e m p o l e v e d c i m o n o c e
r o f s n o it a d n u o f e h t d i a l d a h n a p a J , d o ir e P a w a g u k o T e h t f o d n e e h t y B
a w a g u k o T e h T . n o it a z i n r e d o m c i m o n o c e d n a n o it a z il a ir t s u d n i t n e u q e s b u s
q e r s ’ n u g o h
9
t n e s e r p
( -dayTokyo)f o rdaimyoprovidedasrtongsitmulust o t henaitona l .
y m o n o c
e Daimyô and retainer s going to and from Edo spurred the s
w o t f o h t w o r g e h t d n a m e t s y s d a o r e v i s n e t x e n a f o t n e m p o l e v e
d alongt he
e d i v o r p o t s d a o
r lodging ,food ,and othe rgoods t o t he rtaveler .(Gordon , )
0 0 0 2 , ” n o it a r o t s e R i ji e M n o e c n e u lf n I s ’ d o ir e P a w a g u k o T “
, y a s s e s i h t m o r
F Gordon ifnd stha tTokugawa Peirod ,which lasted jus t
e h t f o e n o , n o it a r o t s e r ij i e M e h t o t e c n e u lf n i y n a m t h g u o r b s a h , a r E i ji e M e r o f e b
e c n e u lf n i e h T . t n e m p o l e v e d c i m o n o c e n o s i e c n e u lf n
i i sno tonly seen in high
v e
l e lo feconomic developmen tonly bu talso in common socia land cu tlura l
. n o it a c u d e n i s t n e m e v e i h c a n i s a l l e w s a , d n u o r g k c a b
t p ir c s e i v o m e h t n i e l o r r o j a m e h t s y a l p r a w d n a n o il l e b e r , n o i s u l c n o c n I
e h t r o f y a w y l n o e h t s i t a h t e c n i
s samurai to b irng back t he old rtadiiton and to
d n i m e
r the Emperor where they belonged .Emperor Meji imigh thave been
y b d e c n e u lf n
i Western countire s in term s o f poilitc , economic , and othe r
. d e e n y ll a e r n a p a J t a h w w e n k y ll a n if e h y li k c u l t u b , n o it i d n o c
s e i r o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R . B
.
1 Theorie sonCharacterandCharacterizati on
f o k o o b s i h n i s m a r b A o t g n i d r o c c
A AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms ,
Character sare the person srepresented in a dramaitc o rnarraitve work , , l a r o m r a l u c it r a p h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w
y b s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a , l a u t c e ll e t n
i inference sfromt hedialogue sand .
n o it c a e h
t A characte rmay remain essenitally "stable," o runchanged i n o g r e d n u y a m r o , k r o w a f o d n e o t g n i n n i g e b m o r f , n o it i s o p s i d d n a k o o lt u o
e h t s a r o t n e m p o l e v e d f o s s e c o r p l a u d a r g a h g u o r h t r e h ti e , e g n a h c l a c i d a r a
s i s ir c a f o t l u s e
r .Whethe racharacterr emainss tableo rchange ,st her eade r t
s il a e r d n a l a n o it i d a rt a f
o ic work expect s"consistency" .(Abrams ,1999 : 2
, e r e
H fo trunately ,character sare developed gradually ,no tinstanlty and
w o h e m o
s unexpectedly ,becauset heys tli lholdt hei rownmindse.t
e r u t a r e ti L h s il g n E g n i r e t s a
M state stha t“You can only learn abou ta
n o it a m r o f n i f o s e c r u o s r u o y t a h t s n a e m s i h T . y a l p e h t f o s d r o w e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c
l a i c e p s n i a tr e c n i d n a , y u q o li l o s , e u g o l a i d e r
a cases ,stagedrieciton .Aplayw irght ,
o n n a c , t s il e v o n a e k il n
u tt el lyout hing sdrieclty .Whenwel ookatt heword so fa
: d e t a e r c e r a s r e t c a r a h c h c i h w n i s y a w r u o f e e s e w y a l p
k a e p s y e h t y a w e h t ) 1 (
s e v l e s m e h t t u o b a y a s y e h t o d t a h w ) 2 (
y a s y e h t t a h w ) 3
( abou teachothe r
) 5 3 2 : 5 9 9 1 , ll i G ( ” . d e t s a rt n o c e r a y e h t w o h ) 4 (
.
2 Theorie sonSetitng
“ t a h t d e t a t s s m a r b A e c n i
S setitng i sthe genera llocale ,histo irca l itme ,
r o e d o s i p e e l g n i s a f o g n it t e s e h t r u c c o n o it c a s ti h c i h w n i s e c n a t s m u c ri c l a i c o s
ti w e n e c
s hin a work i sthe paritcula rphysica llocaiton in which i ttake splace”
s , ) 2 9 1 : 9 9 9 1 , s m a r b A
( o ,setitng here mean sa lo tin understanding the whole
g n it t e s e h t h ti w y r o t s e h t n i g n it t e s e h t e r a p m o c l li w r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s e h t n I . y r o t s
n i e m it l a e r e h t n
i Japana t1870s .Thisi sbecause ,accordingt oMasteringEngilsh
e r u t a r e ti
L ,s etitngcancove:r
1 1
x Thes ocia lcontex to fcharacter ,ss uchast herif amiile ,sf irends ,andclass
x Thecustoms ,beilef sandr ule so fbehavio rtha tgivei denttiyt oas ociety
x Theparitcularl ocaiton so fevents
x The atmosphere ,mood and fee ltha tal lthe above element screate (Gill ,
) 8 4 1 : 5 9 9 1
.
3 Theorie sonStageDirecitons
e r a h c i h w s n o it a m r o f n i e z y l a n a o t d e s u s i n o it c e ri d e g a t s n o s e ir o e h T
t a h t d e t a t s s i tI . s r o t c a e h t f o s n o it c a e h t s e t a c i d n i t u b s r o t c a y b n e k o p s n u
, e u g o l a i d e h t o t n o it i d d a n i , y a l p a n i d e d u l c n i s e t o n e r a s n o it c e ri d e g a t S
a n o d e m r o f r e p e b d l u o h s g n i h t e m o s w o h g n i b ir s e d f o e s o p r u p e h t r o f
s e b ir c s e d s n o it c e ri d e g a t S . e g a t
s etitng , ilghitng ,music ,sound effects , e r a y e h T . s r e t c a r a h c f o s t n e m e v o m e h t d n a , s e it r e p o r p , s ti x e d n a s e c n a rt n e
. s e s e h t n a r a p r o s t e k c a r b n i d e s o l c n e d n a s c il a ti n i d e t n ir p y ll a u s u
s m r e T y r a r e ti L “ , y e n e e w S
( – Term sAssosiatedwihDrama”2008)
.
4 Theorie sonModerniza iton
r a l u c it r a p e h t n i a l p x e o t d e d e e n e r a n o it a z i n r e d o m n o s e ir o e h T
g n i n a e m e h t s e k a t y l n o r e ti r w e h t , e s a c s i h t n I . a r e t a h t n i d e n e p p a h n o it a z i n r e d o m
d e lt it y a s s e s i h n i , o t a K i h c i u h S o t g n i d r o c c A . n a p a J n i n o it a z i n r e d o m f
o Japanese
s r e ti r
W ,hemeniton s“themodernizaitono facoun rty on Westernmodel scannot ,
, s a e d i ll a r e t a l r o r e n o o S . d l e if l a c i g o l o n h c e t y l e r u p e h t o t d e n if n o c e b , e l p i c n ir p n i
s e u l a v d n a s a e d i l a n o it i d a rt e h t f o y n a m t a h t o s , n i w o lf l li w s m o t s u c d n a , s n o i h s a f
ll i
w bel ost .Given t he factt hat t hecutluret o bei mpo tred i shistory-bound ,and
f o t a h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i y r o t s i h e s e n a p a J t a h
t Western countires ,the impo tred
3 1
e i v o m e h t f o t p ir c s e h t h ti w y r o t s r a li m i s a g n i v a h e b o t d i a s s i n o il l e b e R a m u s t a S
. n a g o L n h o J y b n e tt ir w
n i n e tt ir w s a , n o it a r o t s e R i ji e
M Encyclopedia o fJapan :JapaneseHi tsory
i r o Z o t s u c a b A m o r f , e r u tl u C d n
a stated Meji iRestoraiton a s“therestoraiton o f
o t y ti r o h t u a l a c it il o
p the Emperor ;the beginning o fthe modern era o fJapan.”
i ji e M e h t , a r e s i h t n I .) 8 0 2 : 1 9 9 1 , s n i k r e P
( Emperor’ sgivennamewa sMtisuhtio ,
t u
b atfe rhi sdeathhebecameknownbyt henameo fhisr eign ,Meiij ,“En ilghtened
e m a c e b e H . ” e c a e
P Emperor a tthe age o f14 ,atfe rthe death o fthe previou s
r o r e p m
E ,EmperorKomei ,hisf ather .Meji iEmperorruledJ apanf rom1867-1912 ,
p p a h n o it a r o t s e r e h t d n
a ened in the yea ro f1868 .He moved the captia lfrom
n a p a J e z i n r e d o m o t w o h n o d e t a rt n e c n o c d n a ) o d E y lr e m r o f ( o y k o T o t o t o y K
h g u o r h
t Western model .Heseirously t ook hi sroleast hehighes tcommande ro f
n o i s i c e d t n a tr o p m i e m o s e d a m o s l a e h d n a y r a ti li m e h
t swtih Japanese ofifcer s
o n i S , s r a w s u o m a f o w t e h t g n ir u
d -Japanese Wa rin 1894-1895 and the Russo
4 0 9 1 n i r a W e s e n a p a
J -1905 .
d l u o c y ti li b a p a c y r a ti li m l u f r e w o p a y l n o t a h t d e v e il e b s r e d a e l ij i e M e h T
d r a u g e f a
s thenaiton’si ndependence .Themostf amou sslogan t ocovert ha tbeile f
s a
w fukokukyouheiwhichmeans‘ irchcounrty,s rtongarmy’ .
n o it p e c n o c y ll u f e h t n i a g o t d a o r b a y d u t s o t e s e n a p a J f o y n a m t n e s i ji e M
n r e d o m f
o izaitont hrough Western styleand alsomany f oreigner scamet o Japan ,
y b d e ti v n
i theEmperorto rtaint hes cholars .Grea teffo tr sweremadet oabsorbt he
, tr a p s i h t n I . s li p u p e s e n a p a J r i e h t y b d e c a l p e r g n i e b y ll a u d a r
g Western gavebig
s i a r n i p l e
h ingJapanese’si ntellectualtiy .CambridgeEncyclopediao fJapanstate s
y e h t , y d u t s e n il p i c s i d d n a d e t a c i d e d f o y h tr o w e r u tl u c a s a n a p a J g n it a e rt y b “
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e h t t h g u o r b h c i h w , a r E i ji e
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t CambridgeEncyclopediao fJapanalsowrotet ha t
t a h W . s t s e r e t n i d n a s e v it c e p s r e p n i g n ir e f fi d , p u o r g e s r e v i d a e r e w y e h T
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o s e h t n i i a r u m a s t e s p u e h t d e l i r o m a k a
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a w n o il l e b e r s i h T ) 4 9 2 : 1 9 9 1 , s n i k r e P ( ” .t n e m n r e v o
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. y c a r c u a e r u b t n e m n r e v o g r o e c r o f e c il o p e h t d e r e t n e
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s r e i d l o s 0 0 4 g n i n i a m e r e h T . a m i h s o g a K o t u h s u y K n r e h t u o s h g u o r h t k c a b y a w
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s e it r a p l a c it il o p t s ri f e h t d e h s il b a t s e s t n e d i s s i d , n o il l e b e r s i h t f o t l u s e r a s A
y tr a P l a r e b i L e h t , n a p a J n
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. ij i e M r o r e p m E d n a , a r u m O , o t o m u s t a K u g u s ti r o M e r a y e h T . t p ir c s e h t n i y t e i c o s
s t n e s e r p e r m e h t f o h c a e e s u a c e b s r e t c a r a h c e e r h t e s e h t s e s o o h c r e ti r w e h T
t a z i n r e d o m e h t f o t c e f f e t n e r e f fi
d ion tisefl .Katsumoto represent sthe rtadiitona l
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M samurai .He was t he adviso rand t eache ro f
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, d e h s i n a b g n i e b s a w e h h g u o h tl A . n a p a J o t y ti n r e d o m g n ir b o t s e l u r w e n e h t o t
r o f o r e h d n a r e l u r a s a d e d r a g e r ll it s s a w o t o m u s t a
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d e ri m d a e g a ll i v e h t n i d e v il o h w e l p o e p e h t e k il t s u j , n a p a J f o s e u l a v l a n o it i d a rt
d n a , r e t h g if e u rt a , n o s r e p l a u ti ri p s a s a d e b ir c s e d s i o t o m u s t a K , t p ir c s e h t n I . m i h
f o h c a E . n o it a n e h t d n a r o r e p m E e h t d r a w o t n o s r e p l a y o l
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