CHAPTER I
TNSRoDUCTIOIT
1.1 Badcaround of tlre Studl'
L a n g u a g e is a set of skills.
L e a r n i n g language means
l e a r n i n g listening,
s p e a k i n g , reading and writing.
A n o n g
t h e s e skills
i t i s undeniable tha.t listening and speaking
are the nost lrnportant
skitls
in
oral
communication.
W i t h o u t
h a v i n g
t h e
a b i l i t y
t o
l i s t e n
w e l l ,
i t
i s
impossibre to speak werr. How can we speak with someone,
how can r.re respond to what someone says if we cannot
I i s t e n well to what he says?
m e a n l n g s . B e c a u s e listening
i s s u c h a v i t a l
p a r t
w e learn language, our listening
a b i l i t y
i s m u c h
2
of how
I a r g e r
t h a n , m u c h o l d e r t h a n o u r oral ability.
L i s t e n i n g c a n n o t b e t a u g h t a s a p a s s i v e p r o c e s s
b e c a u s e i t r e g u i r e s f u l I p a r t i c i p a t i o n a n d u n d i v i d e d
a t t e n t i o n o f t h e l - e a r n e r . T i d y r n a n ( 7 9 6 9 2 2 8 1 s t a t e s t h a t
l i s t e n l n g i s a n a c t i v e p r o c e s s b e c a u s e - i t r e q u i r e s
c o n c e n t r a t i o n , u n d e r s t a n d i n g , a n d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . A n d i t
is also to be considered as an active engagement not as
a n a u t o m a t i c r e s p o n s e .
B e i n g a b l e t o s p e a k E n g l i s h w e l l i s o n e o f t h e g o a l s
o f e v e r y E n g l i s h l e a r n e r . T e a c h e r s o f E n g l i s h e s p e c i a l l y
are required to be abl-e to speak English clearly,
f l u e n t l y , a n d c o r r e c t l y . T h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e y h a v e t o b e
a m o d e L f o r t h e i r s t u d e n t s . f n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e y h a v e t o
s p e a k t o a c e r t a i n e x t e n t , p e r f e c t l y a n d h a v e a g o o d
conmunicative competence.
S a n d r a J . S a v i g n o n ( 1 9 7 3 : 3 9 ) d e f i n e s c o m m u n i c a t i v e
c o m p e t e n c e s l m p l y a s t t t h e a b i l i t y t o f u n c t i o n i n a t r u l y
c o m m u n i c a t i v e s e t t i n g l t h a t i s , i n a s p o n t a n e o u s
t r a n s a c t i o n i n v o l v i n g o n e o r m o r e o t h e r p e r s o n s z . S h e
t h e r e f o r e , i s a p a r t o f a r e c i p r o c a l e x c h a n g e i n w h i c h
b o t h r e c e p t i o n a n d p r o d u c t i o n p l a y a p a r t . I n t h i s s e n s e ,
t h e s k i l l o f s p e a k i n g i n v o . l _ v e s b o t h r e c e p t i v e a n d
p r o d u c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n .
Comprehending the spoken form of a language only
c o m e s a f t e r c a r e f u l l i s t e n i n g . C a r e f u l _ I i s t e n i n g w i l l
e n a b l e u s t o carry out a neaningful c o n v e r s a t i o n . K e n n e t h
C h a r t a i n ( 1 9 7 6 : 3 3 4 ) s t r e s s e s t h i s p o i n t b y s a y i n g ,
" L i s t e n i n g s k i L l s s e r v e a s t h e b a s i s f o r d e v e l o p i n g
s p e a k i n g " . I n o t h e r w o r d s , listening i s t h e p r e r e q u i s i t e
o f s p e a k i n g . K e n n e t h C h a r t a i n ( 1 9 ? 6 : 3 3 4 ) e v e n g i v e s a
s h a r p c o n c l u s i o n , " o r a r c o m n u n i c a t i o n i m p o s s i b r e w i t h o u t
a I i s t e n i n g s k i I I , , .
P a u l H . J a c o b s ( 1 9 ? 1 : 4 5 ) d e f i n e s l _ i s t e n i n q a n d
s p e a k i n g a s s o c i a r p r o c e s s e s lnvorving i n t e r a c t i - o n s a m o n g
people whose purposes are to find a conmon ground of
u n d e r s t a n d i n g - L i s t e n i n g i s l i k e s p e a k i n g b e c a u s e b o t h
u s e a c o d e o f s o u n d s instead of print. H e a l s o a d d s t h a t
l i s t e n i n g a n d s p e a k i n g h a v e b e e n considered the base for
t h e o t h e r
I a n g u a g e
s k i l l s
a n d
t h a t
a u d i t o r v
d i s c r i m i n a t i o n h a s b e e n c o n s i d e r e d a c r u c i a l b a s e f o r
4
In the English Department of Widya Mandal_a Catholic
U n i v e r s i t y S u r a b a y a , J _ i s t e n i n g a n d speakingr skill_s are
t a u g h t s e p a r a t e l y b y d i f f e r e n t t e a c h e r s a n d w i t h
d i f f e r e n t m a t e r i a l - s . T h e r i s t e n i n g s k i l r i s g l v e n i n
t h r e e s e m e s t e r s a n d u n d e r t h e n a m e o f L i s t e n i n g I l
l i s t e n i n g I 1 , a n d L i s t e n i n g I I I . T h e s a m e t h i n g i s
a p p l i e d t o t h e s p e a k i n g s k i I l . I t i s g : i . v e n i n f i v e
s e m e s t e r s a n d namely Speaking f, Speaking II, S p e a k i n g
I I I , S p e a k i n g I V , a n d S p e a k i n g V .
B a s e d o n t h e experts, o p i n i o n s a b o v e , i t s e e m s t h a t
o n e ' s I i s t e n i n g a b i l i t y c o r r e l a t e s t o o n e ' s s p e a k i n g
a b i l i t y . T o p r o v e t h i s , t h e w r i t e r m a d e a s t u d y o n t h e
c o r r e r a t i o n b e t w e e n r i s t e n i n g s k i r r a n d s p e a k i n g s k i l r o f
the EngJ-ish Department students of the lrlidya MandaLa
C a t h o l - i c U n i v e r s i t y i n t h e a c a d e m i c y e a r of Lgg4-Lgg5.
1.2 Stateorent of the probLem
W i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e b a c k g r o u n d o f the study, the
m a j o r p r o b l e m t o be answered in this study is:
I s t h e r e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t c o r r e l a t l o n b e t w e e n
Department students of the Widya MandaLa Catholic
U n i v e r s i t y i n t h e a c a d e m i c y e a r o f 1 9 9 4 - 1 9 9 5 ?
1.3 ObJectJ.ve of the Study
T h e o b j e c t l v e of the study is to find out whether or
not there is a significant
corre.l-ation between listening
s k i l l
a n d s p e a k i n g s k i L l
o f
t h e
E n g l i s h
D e p a r t m e n t
students of the Widya Mandal-a Catholic University
in the
a c a d e m i c y e a r of 1994-1995.
1.{ Scol- and lLnLtatl.on of the Study
I n t h i s p a p e r , t h l s s t u d y i s t i m i t e d o n l y t o t h e
correlation between Iistening and speaking, namely
L i s t e n i n g I , L i s t e n i n g I f , L i s t e n i n g f I I , a n d S p e a k i n g f ,
S p e a k i n g I f , S p e a k i n g I I I . S p e a k i n g I V a n d S p e a k i n g V a r e
n o t j - n c l u d e d j - n t h i s s t u d y b e c a u s e t h e L i s t e n i n g s k i l l i s
o n l y o f f e r e d u n t i l - L i s t e n i n g I I I .
T h e s u b j e c t s u n d e r s t u d y a r e s t u d e n t s o f t h e E n g l i s h
Department Widya Mandala Catholic University in the
1.5 the atgnlf,lcanc€
of the Study
T h i s s t u d y i s i n t e n d e d t o g i v e i n s i g h t s t o t h e
t e a c h e r s o f t h e E n g l i s h D e p a r t m e n t o f W i d y a M a n d a l a
C a t h o L i c U n i v e r s i t y o n t h e c o r r e L a t i o n b e t w e e n l i s t e n i n g
a n d s p e a k i n g .
I f t h i s s t u d y c a n p r o v e t h a t t h e r e s u l t i s e x p e c t e d
t o b e t h e b a s i s i n d e v e l o p i n g t h e s t u d e n ' t s I i s t e n i n g
a b i l i t y t h r o u g h t h e i r s p e a k i n g a b i l i t y , t h i s w i ] l
-e n c o u r a g -e t h -e t -e a -e h -e r s o f l l s t -e h i n g a n d s p e a k i n g s k i l - l - s
t o w o r k t o g e t h e r m o r e i n t e n s i v e l y i n o r d e r t o g e t t h e
s t u d e n t s ' n a x i m u m a c h i e v e m e n t o f t h o s e t w o s k i l l s .
1.6 Assungltlonr ofthe Study
T h i s s t u d y w i I I b e
a s s u m p t i o n s :
1 . T h e s t u d e n t s ' s c o r e s o f
s u b j e c t s a r e v a l i d m e a s u r e s
2 . A I l l i s t e n i n g a n d s p e a k i n g
Department of Widya Mandala
q u a l i f i e d .
3 . T h e s t u d e n t s ' i n t e l l i g e n c e
n o t s i g n i f i c a n t l y a f f e c t t h e
based the fol-Iowinq
l i s t e n i n g a n d s p e a k i n g
o f t h e i r p e r f o r m a n c e .
t e a c h e r s o f t h e E n g l i s h
U n i v e r s i t y a r e c o n s i d e r e d
a n d a p t i t u d e
r e s u l t o f t h i s
vari-able do
4 . ALl listening
a n d speaking teachers of the English
Department of Widya Mandal_a Catholic University judge
t h e students,, examination paper objectively.
1.? Aypothecia of the Study
B a s e d of
t h e
a s s u m p t i o n s
hypothesls is formulated as follows:
above the foLlowinq
T h e r e is
a
h i g h ,
s i g n i f i c a n t ,
a n d
p o s i t i v e
c o r r e l a t i o n
b e t w e e n the Llstening achievement and
s p e a k i n g achievement.
1.8 Defl.nLtl.on
To avoid
of Key Tetilt
explain the key
k e y terms are:
a . Correlation
m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g ,
i t
i s
n e c e s s a r y
t o
t e r m s used through out this study. Those
A c c o r d j - n g t o H e r i t a g e r r r u s t r a t e d
D i c t i o n a r v c . f
E n g l i s h L a n g u a g e , c o r r e l - a t i o n i s
a c a s u a l ,
c o m p l e m e n t a r y p a r a l l e l o r r e c i p r o c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p ,
e s p e c i a l l y a s t r u c t u r a l , f u n c t i o n a l o f q u a l i t a t i v e
c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n t w o c o m p a r a b l e
e n t i t l e s , , .
H a r r i s ( 1 9 6 9 t 1 4 2 ) d e f i n e s . , C o r r e L a t i o n /
I
s t a t i s t i c a l t e r m , w h i c h e x p r e s s e s t h e d e g r e e o f
r e r a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t w o sets o f s c o r e s o . r o t h e r
v a r i a b L e s . f t r a n g e s f r o m a v a l u e + 1 . 0 0 , which means a p e r f e c t p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n ; t h r o u g h O , w h i c h m e a n s
n o c o r r e l a t i o n , a n d d o w n t o _ 1 . 0 0 , w h i c h m e a n s a
p e r f e c t n e g a t i v e c o r r e J a t i o n . p o s i t i v e
c o r r e l _ a t i o n
m e a n s t h a t a n increase of one variable is accompanied
b y a d e c r e a s e o f a n o t h e r v a r i a b L e . T h e d e g r e e of
r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e two variabres i s i n d i c a t e d b v
t h e s i z e o f the coefficient o f c o r r e L a t i o n .
b . L i s t e n i n o
L u n d s t e e n ( L 9 7 ] - 2 ] - ' 2 6 l defines Iistening a s b e i n g a w a . r e
o f t h e s o u n d c o m p o n e n t a n d r e c o g n i z i n g t h e m a s
m e a n i n g f u l s o u n d and speech sequences.
c . S p e a k i n g
P h i l i p B a d c a d k G o v e ( L g 7 6 z 4 S 3 l d e f i n e s s p e a k i n g as a
m e a n s t o g i v e oral expresslon to thoughts, opinlons or
f e e l i n g e n g a g e i n t a l k or conversation.
1.9 Organlzatlon of the Study
T h i s t h e s i s c o n s l s t s o f f i v e c h a p t e r s . C h a p t e r I i s
s c o p e and Iimitation
o f the studyr the significance
o f
t h e study, hypothesis of the study, assumption of the
study, definltion
of key terms, and organ-i.zation of the
study.
Chapter II,
Review of ReLated Literature
deal_s
w i t h theory of listening,
t h e o r y of speaking, theory of
correlation,
and theory about the correLatj-on between
I i s t e n i n g
a n d s p e a k i n g , review of related study. Chapter
rrr is Research and Methodorogy which dears with research
design, population
and sanrple, the data, procedures of
c o l l e c t i n g
t h e
d a t a ,
a n d data
a n a l y s i s
