iii ABSTRAK
Minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) diketahui memiliki aktivitas larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan emulsi dari minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit sebagai larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan bahan, isolasi minyak atsiri, praformulasi sediaan emulsi, uji aktivitas larvasida sediaan emulsi, formulasi sediaan emulsi, dan pengujian stabilitas fisik emulsi selama waktu penyimpanan. Pengujian stabilitas fisik yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan secara organoleptik, pengukuran pH, pengukuran viskositas, pengamatan pemisahan fase emulsi, pengujian redispersibilitas, pengujian tipe emulsi, dan pengamatan mikroskopik. Pada tahapan praformulasi, emulgator yang digunakan adalah gom arab 0,35%, 0,70%, 1,30%, dan 10%; tragakan 0,50% dan 1,00%; dan Na-CMC 1,00%. Pada tahapan uji aktivitas larvasida terhadap larva Aedes aegypti, emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit dibuat dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, 0,5 µg/mL dan 0 µg/mL. Pada tahapan formulasi emulgator yang digunakan adalah gom arab dengan konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12,5%, dan 15% (b/v). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emulgator terbaik pada uji praformulasi adalah gom arab dengan konsentrasi 10% (b/v). Berdasarkan pengujian larvasida, hasil menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit memiliki nilai LC50 48,25 µg/mL dan LC90162,80 µg/mL, sehingga konsentrasi minyak atsiri
yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam sediaan emulsi larvasida adalah sebesar 1,70% (v/v). Hasil pengujian evaluasi fisik fomulasi sediaan emulsi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulsi yang paling baik adalah emulsi dengan konsentrasi emulgator gom arab sebesar 15% (b/v).
iv
ABSTRACT
Turmeric rhizome essential oil is known to have larvacide activity on Aedes aegypti larvae. This research was conducted to make a emulsion made of turmeric rhizome essential oil to be used as an effective larvacide against Aedes aegypti larvae. The research was conducted by material collecting, essential oil isolation, emulsion preformulation, emulsion larvacide activity test, emulsion final formulation, and physical stability test of the emulsion during storage time. The physical stability testing included of organoleptic observation, pH measurement, viscosity measurement, redispersibility test, emulsion type test, and microscopic observation. Turmeric rhizome essential oil was formulated using arabic gum with 0.35%, 0.70%, 1.70%, and 10% concentration; tragacanth with 0.50% and 1.00% concentration; Na-CMC with 1.00% concentration. In the larvacide activity testing against Aedes aegypti larvae, the turmeric essential oil formulation was made with the concentration of 100µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 10µg/mL, 5µg/mL, 1µg/mL, 0.5µg/mL dan 0µg/mL. In the final formulation, the emulsifying agent used was arabic gum with the concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% (w/v). The result were in preformulation, the best emulsifying agent to make turmeric essential oil emulsion was arabic gum with 10% (w/v) of concentration. The larvacide activity testing showed that the turmeric essential oil emulsion has the LC50 and LC90 number of 48.25µg/mL and 162.80µg/mL, so the effective concentration of turmeric essential oil to be used in the larvacide emulsion was 1.70% (v/v). The result of physical evaluation of the turmeric rhizome essential oil emulsion showed that arabic gum with 15% of concentration is the best emulsifying agent to make a turmeric rhizome essential oil emulsion.
