i
THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MIND IN SAVING
MACK TO RECONCILE HIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER
IN WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG S
THE SHACK
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
Konstantinus Kapu
Student Number: 104214032
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2014
ii
A SarjanaSastraUndergraduate Thesis
THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MINDIN SAVING
MACK TO RECONCILEHIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER
IN WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG S
THE SHACK
By
KONSTANTINUS KAPU
Student Number: 104214032
Approved by
Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M.Hum.November 3, 2014
Advisor
Dr. F. X. Siswadi, M.A.
November 3, 2014
Co-Advisor
iii
A SarjanaSastra
Undergraduate Thesis
THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MIND IN SAVING
MACK TO RECONCILEHIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER
IN WILLIAM PAUL YOUNG S
THE SHACK
By
KonstantinusKapu
Student Number: 104214032
Defended before the Broad of Examiners
on25 November, 2014
and Declared Acceptable
Board of Examiners
Name
Signature
Chairperson :Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A
---Secretary
:Dra. A.B.Sri Mulyani, M.A., Ph.D
---Member 1
: Maria Ananta Tri Suryandari, S.S.,
M.Ed---Member 2
: Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A
---Member
: Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd. M.Hum
---Yogyakarta, November 25, 2014
Faculty of Letters
Sanata Dharma University
Dean,
Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A
iv
Nicht ihr habt mich erwählt, sondern ich habe euch erwählt und dazu
bestimmt, da ihr euch aufmacht und Frucht bringt und das eure Frucht
bleibt (Joh. 15:16a).
(You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you to go and bear
fruit, fruit that will last)
v
For my departed parents
and
beloved
family
members, friends who
always support me even
in the dark.
vi
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata
Dharma:
Nama
: Konstantinus Kapu
Nomor Mahasiswa : 104214032
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada
Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah yang berjudul:
THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS MIND IN SAVING MACK TO
RECONCILE HIMSELF WITH HIS ANGER IN WILLIAM PAUL
YOUNG S
THE SHACK
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya
memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk
menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam
bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan
mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis
tanpa perlu izin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama
tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Padatanggal 3 November 2014
Yang menyatakan,
KonstantinusKapu
vii
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this
undergraduate thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for
any degree or other purposes.
I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own
work and all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have
been acknowledged.
Yogyakarta, November 3, 2014
KonstantinusKapu
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The first of all, I thank God for his abundant love and guidance in my sweet
and bitter moment of my life. My gratitude goes to all my family members
especially the family of ErykKapu and YetsiWea in Ruteng, Flores, brother
Seskokapu in Warszawa and all my unmentioned brothers and sisters. They
are the reason to start a new life since Mom andDad passed away. Also to
family Hineis (Julia,Sissi,Toni) in Wien, family Tanzer (Harald, Anna, Anni,
Hanes, Lissi, Paul) in Oberösterreich, family Zöl (Resi, Sonia, kathi,
theresia, Siegi) in Wilhering, Divine Word Missionaries, STKIP, my
classmates, friends and my special one at SDU. I am thankful for sharing life,
knowledge and motivation.
Finally, I thank my advisor, DewiWidyastutiS.Pd.,M.Hum.and my co-advisor
Dr. F. X. Siswadi, M. A. for their patience, time, understanding during the
process of this undergraduate thesis and also all the lecturers of English
Letters in Sanata Dharma University. I thank themfor dedication, knowledge
and guidance. It is the blessing upon me to ever have and meet these people in
my life. I just say, when we meet for the first time we are friends but when
we meet for the second time, we are families.
Konstantinus Kapu
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ... i
APPROVAL PAGE ...ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE...iii
MOTTO PAGE ... iv
DEDICATION PAGE... v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI ...
vi
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMNTS ...viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS... ix
ABSTRACT... x
ABSTRAK ... xi
CHAPTER I :INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of The Study ... 1
B. Problem Formulation ... 3
C. Object of the Study... 3
D. Definition of Terms... 3
CHAPTER II :REVIEW OF LITERATURE... 5
A. Review of Related Studies ... 5
B. Review of Related Theories... 6
1. Theory on Characterization... 6
2. Theory on Anger ... 8
3. Theory on Unconscious Mind... 11
4. The Relation between Psychology and Literature ... 15
C. Theoretical Framework ...15
CHAPTER III :METHOLOGY... 17
A. Object of the Study... 17
B. Approach of the Study ... 18
C. Method of the Study... 19
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ... 21
A. The Description of the Main Character in the Novel... 21
B. The Description of Main Character s Anger
1. Anger Control... 27
2. Reciprocal Communications... 29
3. Physical Attack of objects ... 30
4. Noisy Arguing ... 31
5. Verbal Assault/Attack... 32
6. Anger-in/suppression... 33
7. Anger-in/critical... 34
8. Corrective Action ... 34
x
9. Diffusion or distraction... 36
10. Displacement ... 36
C. The Influence of the Unconscious Mind toward the Main Character in
Reconciling Himself with His Anger... 37
1. The Description of the Main Character s Unconscious
Mind... 37
a. Repression... 38
b. Projection ... 40
c. Displacement... 42
d. Reaction Formation... 43
2.
The Influence of the Unconscious Mind in Reconciling
Mack s Anger...45
a. Personal Unconscious ...46
b. Collective Unconscious...48
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION
...52
BIBLIOGRAPHY
...54
APPENDIX
...56
xi
ABSTRACT
Konstantinus Kapu.
The Influence of Unconscious Mind in Saving Mack to
Reconcile Himself with His Anger in William Paul Young s
The
Shack.
Yogyakarta. Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata
Dharma University, 2014.
Anger happens when someone suffers from pain, insult and injury which
motivate himself/herself to do a revenge. Sometimes anger can be expressed
in the form of words and actions but it can be repressed into the
unconsciousness. In this undergraduate thesis, the writer explains how Mack s
unconscious mind influences himself to overcome his anger until he finally
reconciles himself with his anger.
In this undergraduate thesis, the writer analyzes the unconscious mind of
Mack, the main character in novel
The Shack,
written by William Paul Young.
The problem formulations are divided into three parts. First part is to know the
character of Mack. Second part is to describe the anger of Mack. Third part is
to analyze the influence of unconscious mind in saving Mack to reconcile
himself with his anger.
The method in answering the above problem is by conducting literary
research. The theory of character from Abrams, the theory of anger from
Aristotle and the theory of unconscious mind from Freud and Carl Jung are
the main sources to do answer the problems.
The writer s analysis shows that Mack represses his anger at first because of
his father abuse, the death of his child. These events make Mack hate his own
father, the murderer and God. Mack isolates himself, avoids people and
conversations and mistrusts in God. Mack cannot express his anger and as its
compensation, Mack is using repression, projection, displacement, reaction
formation to reduce his anger. However, the use of such defense mechanism is
only to cover his anger, in which people around him do not know what
Mack s feeling is. This questionable situation is then answered after the car
accident and being unconscious for three days.In this moment, all the
motivations of his projection, reaction formation, replacement and repression
are revealed. As a result Mack easily recognizes that he has forgiven God, his
father and the murderer. Moreover, Mack becomes a person who does not
isolate himself, does not avoid people and conversation and believe in God.
Mack finds his joy and reconciles his anger.
xii
ABSTRAK
Konstantinus Kapu.
The Influence of Unconscious Mind in Saving Mack to
Reconcile himself with his anger in William Paul Young s
The Shack.
Yogyakarta. Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata
Dharma, 2014.
Perasaan amarah terjadi ketika seseorang terluka dan mengalami penderitaan,
penghinaan sehingga memotivasi dirinya untuk melakukan tindakan balas
dendam. Amarah terkadang bisa diluapkan dalam bentuk kata/kata dan
tindakan-tindakan tetapi terkadang juga hal itu hanya dapat dipendam dan
ditekan ke alam bawah sadar. Pada skripsi ini akan dijelaskan bagaimana alam
bawah sadar Mack mempengaruhi dirinya untuk mengatasi amarahnya hingga
akhirnya mampu berrekonsiliasi dengan amarahnya sendiri.
Dalam skripsi ini, penulis menganalisis alam bawah sadar Mack, karakter
utama dalam novel
The Shack
karya William Paul Young. Rincian
permasalahan yang ingin digali terbagi menjadi tiga bagian. Bagian pertama
adalah mengetahui kepribadian Mack. Bagian kedua adalah bagaimana
amarah Mack digambarkan dalam novel. Bagian ketiga adalah menganalisa
pengaruh alam sadar dalam menyelamatkan Mack untuk berrekonsiliasi
dengan amarahnya.
Metode dalam menjawab persoalan di atas adalah dengan melakuan tinjaun
pustaka. Teori kepribadian oleh Abrams, teori amarah oleh Aristotle dan teori
alam bawah sadar oleh Sigmund Freud dan Carl Jung adalah sumber-sumber
utama dalam menjawabi persoalan di atas.
Analisis penulis menunjukan bahwa Mack awalnya memendam amarahnya
oleh karena penyiksaan ayahnya serta kasus terbunuhnya salah satu anaknya.
Kejadian-kejadian ini membuat Mack begitu membenci ayahnya, si
pembunuh dan Tuhan. Mack mengurung diri, menghindari orang dan
percakapan serta tidak mempercayai Tuhan. Mack tak mampu meluapkan
amarahnya dan sebagai kompensasinya, Mack mengunakan represi, projeksi,
displacement dan reaction formation dalam mereduksi amarahnya. Akan
tetapi pasca kecelakaan mobil dan pingsan selama tiga hari, Mack dengan
mudahnya mengakui bahwa ia telah memaafkan Tuhan, ayahnya dan si
pembunuh. Lebih dari itu Mack menjadi pribadi yang tidak lagi mengurung
dirinya, menjauhi orang-orang dan menjadi pribadi yang percaya pada Tuhan.
Mack mampu menemukan kebahagiannya kembali dan berrekonsiliasi dengan
amarahnya.
.
y
! "#$%& ' # &($ !$ ( #)!( *! +# % &! , # ' !$!-,
./!(( %
.
0) ,+! .( % , !&% ! $ 1 , )% .!1 ,% #2 +/% ./! & % #2 ( 2% + ,%( 2 !$/1 "! )% ,% %" , +# (% 1$% & 3&%, ,1&%
.
4/ % 3 &% , ,1 &% , # 2 ( 2% %# 5% "!-5$ ,#2% "# +# ,+/! +! &% &# ' ' +/,1 ./! ,$%3&% ,, #63&% ,,1 &%
,
,+ &%, ,6!$ 3(%! ,1 &%
. B
% , $% ,,
/ 1 "! )% .! !( ,# %73&%, , +/%& +/#1 / +,
2% %(,
%73% & % .% #& $ &%! " !  , '!-,8 0% # 2 +/ # ,% '!-, , +/% 2# &" #2
(+% &! +1 &%
.
9 %( (% 5 !$9! &&% +/%:he
ory of Literature
(
;<=>?<>)
, +! +%+/! +(+% &! +1 &% ( ## 5, (5% ! &%!( ( 2% 3# &+&! +
. I
+ , ! ( (1 , +&! + # #2 /1 "! (%,)% .!1 ,% (+% &! & - ' # &5, 3&%,% + +/% &%!(+- # 2 /1 "! .#$ +# ,6 3&#)(% ",6
2%%( ,6!$ &%( ! + # ,/3,8
The Shack
' & + +% ) - 9 ( ( ! " @ ! 1( A#1, #% #2 +/% ( +%&! &
-'# &5, ' / ./ ,/ ! &% , /1 "! ( % , ,+ &1 ( % / ! 3( % ! ,1 &%
.
4# !!(-* % +/ ,# %(
,
+/% ' &+% & , .# .% &%$ ' +/ +/% 3,-./#! !( -, , , ,1% ! , B +# && , !-,Freud: A Very Short Introduction
(
;<C <?<;)
$1 & +/%+'% + % +/.% +1 & -,
+/! +3, -./# !!(-,,/!$!"! D# &%22% .+1 3#)# +/ ! &+!$ ( +%&! +1 &%
.
4/%, E
! (% +#Literary Theory An Introduction
/ /( / + ,?B 1 ./ +1 &"# ( +/% +'% +% +/ .% +1 & - , % % & #( - ! "!+ +% & # 2 '! &,6% .## ". ,( 1 "3,6 !$ &% #(1 +# ? + , !(,# %73% &% .%$ )-+/# ,%'/# .!1 / + 1 3 + +/%"# , + + "! +%(-3% &,#!( ' !-,6+ ,!.& , ,#2/1 "! &%(! + # ,/ 36!$#2+/%/1 "! 3% &,#!( + -
,
! , '%((! ,!,# .!(.# 1(, #(
;<<=?;E=).
F
GHI J KLM N O P Q
he
RSTUk
O J VWLX K YVZ[ IP\OIA
]] IP ^ HO] O _J`J ]O aI.
YVZ[HVJV_MLW]IbcOKHHO JaV K HIM `JV K KOKX dI
.
GHIZ] O bVeLaHOJV PfIMKLcV M dHOJaV KHIMO JcHIPYVZ[c VJW IV K IPWNHO JaVK HIMV PdVa KIMK HV KYVZ[]IaKHO J_VM IPKJ
VPd c IPK Lg IMJIVJ O P HO J IVM]N KHOM K IIPh i HO ] I cLM [OPf LgIMJ IVJ OP HO J IVM]N
Kc IPKO IJ HI IgIPKXV]]N I PdId X _ OP V J IbO PV MN OP
A
XJ KMV] OV.
i HIP YVZ [ HV daOPOJHId HO J JKX d NOP K HIL]LfNVPd _HO] LJ L _H N H I ZV b IWVZ[ KL K HI j KVK IJ
,
bV dI_IVZIc O K H HOJbV bVVPdJO JKIMJWX KPL Kc O K HHO JaV KHIMV PdbLg IdLX KKLkMIfL P
c HIMIHIbIKV PdbVMMOI dlV PPIK KI
A.
jV bX I] JL PV Pd fL K aO g I Z HO ] dM IP(
mLX Pf,
noopq r
).
k PIdVN
,
K HINJ_IPKVcII[ IPd V KV J HVZ[ hD
XMO P fK HV K KMO_,
L PILaHOJZ HO]dMIP PV b IdYO JJNcVJ[OdPV __IdV Pd [O] ] IdV Pd K HINdO d PL K[ PL c c HL
KHI [O] ] IM cVJ h
A
a KIM KHI KMVf IdN,
Y VZ[ c VJ KL KV]]N dOa aIMIPK V Pd W IZV b I VPfMN.
GHMII NIV MJ V a KIM KHV KKM V fIdN
,
HIfL K V]IKKIM c MOK K IP WN^ V _V c HL O PgOKIdYVZ[KLb IIKHObO PK HIJHVZ[
. I
PKIMIJKOPf]NHIdO dPL K[ PLcc HL^ V _Vc VJ. I
PaOPdO PfLX K KHV K sX IJKOL PtHI aOPV]]NZL PZ]X dI d K HVK ^ V_V OJ
G
L d WX K HI J KO ]] dLXW KId HOJZL PZ] XJO L PhYVZ[ c IPK K L K HI JHVZ[ V]L PIWNK V[ O Pf V M IgL] gIM cOKH HO b
. I
PHO JVJ J X b_KOL PK HI bV PcHL J I PK HO b KHV K]IKK IM O JV [O ]]IMLa HO JZ HO ] dtYIJ JN
.
GHV KOJc H NHIKLL[V M IgL]g IMc O K HHOb
. H
Lc Ig IM,
W IaLM IM IVZ HO PfKHIJ HVZ[ tHIfL KVPVZZO dIPK V PdW IZVb I X PZL PJ ZO LXJh
I
PHO J X PZLPJZO LXJZL PdOKO L P,
HIbIK ^ V_VKHV K YVZ[ ZV]]Id GHI
H
L]NG MOPO KN.
GHIP O P KHIIPd,
Va KIM HVgOPf VZL PgIM JV KOL PcO K H^ V _V
,
YVZ[ZLX]dM IZL PZO]IHO bJ I] ac O KHHO JV Pf IMV PdaLM fO g IHOJa VK HIM.
Q
he
RSTUk
OJ V cL M[ La ]OKIMV KXM I. A
J V cLM[ L a ]OKIMV KXM I,
K HOJ J KX dN O JcLM KHKLLWJ IMg IWIZVXJIO KJHVM IJ[ PLc ] IdfIV PdIe _IMO IPZ I
.
u
B. Problem Formulation
vw xw y zz{ z| }~ ~ w{~ y ~ y z }z| w ~ | z z |
,
z}|~z| w | z| zz z~ww ~|zz |
.
H
w }~ yz|~ zy?
2. How is Mack s anger depicted?
3. What is the influence of unconscious mind in saving Mack to reconcile
himself with his anger?
C. Objectives of the Study
This writing aims to find out the influence of Mack s unconscious
mind in reconciling himself with his anger. In order to answer the questions
that have been formulated above three objectives are needed. The first
objective to reach is the character which is shown in
he
k
.
A character
can be seen in the way how the character himself behaves or what other
characters say about him.
The second objective is to identify Mack s anger.
The description of the character in
The Shack
conveys Mack s anger. The
third objective is to recognize the unconscious mind of Mack that appears in
the novel
The Shack
which influences him to reconcile himself with his
anger.
D. Definition of Terms
4
this study. The use of terms is taken from the psychoanalysis.
1. Character
The term Character is the person portrayed in a literary work, whether it
is in a dramatic or narrative form, who is explained by the reader as
being bestowed with particular moral, intellectual and emotional
qualities. All these qualities can be taken from what the person says
through dialogue, action and motivation (Abrams, 1999: 33-34).
2. Anger
In the book
Understanding Anger Disorders
(Digiuseppe, 2007: 5), three
early writers (Aristotle, Seneca and Plutarch) all defined anger as a strong
emotion or passion provoked when people suffer or perceive that they
suffer a pain, insult, or injury that motivates the desire for vengeance or
direct actions to punish or gain restitution from the offender.
3. Unconscious Mind
The definition of unconscious mind is descriptive one. Freud said in the
book
Theories of Personality
that the existence of which human being are
not directly aware (Feist, 2010). Jung also argues that the unconscious
mind is not only from personal experiences but also from the distant past
of human s existence. In short, the unconscious mind is a state of being
unaware.
H
PTER II
RE
IE
OF
ITER
TURE
. R
w
R
¡¢S
¡£¢¤¥ ¦§¨©
The Shack
¦s
ª«¬ ¦® ¯ ©°±§ °¯±s
¬ ©©§ ¨²³ ¦§ ´t
²ª«¬ ¦¨µt
¯©¶©±¶©±² · ²¸¨²³ ³ ©§ ·
s
±¬²« ·¦t
¹º²®t
²¸t
¯ ©¶©±t
©°st
« °¦©s
±¶©¨²§¨ © ¶§ ©°w
¦t
¯t
¯ ©
t
¯ ©²²´¦¨± ±® ª©¨t
¹» ¯ © ³ ±¼² ¶ ¨²§ ·¶²½ ©¶sy
²¸t
¯ ¦s
§²½ © ¦s
¦§t
¯ © ¬« ¦ °¦§´²¸ ¨¯ ±¶±¨
t
© ¶s
²¸ » ¶¦§ ¦ty
µw
¯ ©¶© ³ ±§y t
¯©²²´¦±§s
±§ ° ±y
ª©²ª ©¸² ¨us
²§t
¯ ©t
¯ ©² ²´¦¨± ®«¬®· ±§¨ ©¹ ¾
st
« °y
²¸¿ ±¶¦¨ À
t
Á« À© ¶±§ ¦§ ¯ ¦s
¨¶¦t
¦Â« © ¯ ¦´¯ ¦ ´¯ ·s
t
¯ ±
t t
¯ ©°©ª ¦¨t
¦²§²¸t
¯ ©¿ ±ª ±±§ °¥ ±¶±yu
¦§·¯ ©§²½ ©¦s
¨²§¸«® ¦§´ÃIJ«§´ ª¶©®©§ ·
s
¦§¨²¶¶©¨t
±§ ° ¨²§¸«®¦§´t
© ±¨¯ ¦§ ´s
¶ ©´±¶°¦§ ´t
¯© § ±t
« ¶© ²¸G
² ° ±§ ° ®±½ ±t
¦²§¹ ŧ ¯ ¦t
s st
² ¶y
µG
² °t
¯©Æ ±t
¯©¶ ±ªª©±¶s
±s
± ±¶´©¾ ¸¶¦¨±§ Ǿ³© ¶¦ ¨ ±§w
²³±§¹Å§ ¨²§ · ¶±st
µt
¯ ©È¦¬©t
©±¨¯ ©s
t
¯ ±
t t
¯ ©Æ±t
¯ ©¶§©½ ©¶t
±À©s
²§ª¯y
®¦¨±¸² ¶³¹ É ²¯§Êà ËÊt
©±¨¯ ©s t
¯ ±t
G
² ° ¦s
® ª ¦¶¦t
¹ Ì »¦³ ² ·¯Í Êà ÌÎ ±st
t
©®µ ÏG
² °µt
¯ © ¬ ©® ® ©° ±§ ° ²§y
¶« ©¶µt
¯ © Ð ¦§´ ²¸ À¦§´s
±§ ° Ѳ ¶° ² ¶ ² ¶°®µw
¯² ±²§ © ¦s
¦³³² ¶t
± ±§ °w
¯² ¦½ ©s
¦§ «§ ±ªª ¶² ±¨¯ ±¬© ¦ ´¯ ·w
¯²³ §² ²§ © ¯ ±s
® © ©§ ² ¶ ¨ ±§s
©©¹Ï»²±°°t
²¯ ¦®µt
G
² °±ªª © ±¶s
±s
±w
²³±§§ ±³ ©°Ï¿ ±ª±¹ÏÅt
¦s t
¶« ©t
¯ ±t G
² ° ¦s
§ ©¦¯ © ¶t
³ ±©§²¶¸©³± ©±s
¯« ³ ±§®±¶© µ±§ °¬² · ¯ ¸ ©³¦§ ¦§ © ±§ ° ³±® ¨« ¦§ © ±tt
¶¦¬« · ©s
±¶© ¸²«§ ° ¦§G
² °¹ Ò²Ó ©½ ©¶µ ¦§t
¯ ©È¦¬ ©
G
² ° ¯ ±s
¨¯²®©§t
²¶©½ ©±Ò ¦³ ® © ¸ ±s
Ʊt
¯ ©¶±§ °§ ©v
©¶¦§t
¯ © ¸©³¦§ ¦§ © ´©§ °©¶¹ »¯ ¦
s
´©§ °© ¶ °¦st
² ¶t
¦²§ ¨²§¸«® ©s t
¯ © § ±t
« ¶© ²¸G
² °¹ »¯ ©§ ŧt
¯ ¦s st
² ¶y
µt
¯ © Ò²y
¥ ª ¦¶¦t
±ªª © ±¶s
±s
±§ ¾s
¦±§w
²³ ±§§ ±³©°¥ ±¶±«¹
y
ŧ¨²§ · ¶±st
µ¯ ©t
Ò²y
¥ª ¦¶¦t
§ ©½ ©¶±ªª © ±¶s
±s
± ª ©¶®²§ ¦§t
¯ © Ȧ¬©¹ » ¯ ©¶© ¦s
²§ ©t
¦³ ©w
¯ ©§t
¯ © Ò²y
¥ª ¦ ¶¦t
±ªª ©±¶s
¦§ ª¯y
®¦¨± ¸² ¶³ ±s
± °²½ © ±t t
¯ © ¬±ª · ¦® ³ ²¸ É ©® «® ¹ º² ¶©²½ ©¶µ ¯©t
¥ª ¦ ¶¦t
¦s
§ ©½ ©¶ ±°°¶©ss
©° ¦§t
¯ © ¸©³¦§ ¦§ © ¬« · ¦s
±w
±ys
±°°¶©® ® ©°Ó¦t
¯· ¯©³±®¨«¦§ ©ª ¶²§²«§Ô Á«À©¶±§ÃËÕÕÖ×¹Á« À© ¶±§ ¨²³ª ±¶ ©
s t
¯ © ° ©ª ¦¨t
¦²§ ²¸ » ¶¦§ ¦ty
¦§The Shack
w
¦t
¯¯ ±w
t
¦s w
¶¦tt
©§¦§
t
¯ ©È¦¬ ©¹Å§ Á« À ©¶±§s
¨ ¶¦t
¦Â« ©¯ ©t
¯ ©§¨²§¨« °©s t
¯ ±t
The Shack
¦s
± À¦§ °²¸¯ ©¶©
sy
¹¾§² ·¯ ©¶
st
« °y
²¸Ø¦±¬©
z
t
Ñ©³ ²§® ¸ ¶²³O
¯ ¦² Ù§ ¦½ ©¶® ¦ty t
¯ ¶²«´¯¯ ©¶
Journal of Research on Women and Gender
s
±ys t
¯ ±t
Ú
ÛÜÝÞß
s
ÝàáÝâãä à å æã âçy
èç ÜéàáÜêt
åÜét
æ Üê éëá ìw
ét
æ íá ê éëæäâá îâáä ï éì Ýàðçs
â Üçàðáï ñ æç ést
éÜá éty
Üs t
æâ çÜt
éàáÜê çâê éëéàáò óðçt
æâ ç îàçâô ÛÜ ÝÞ ïàâs
áàä ïâã Üçt
åçà î ëâáïâç áàç îìõ æâst
Üys
ç Üt
éàáÜ êôt
æâçâöy
ç â îÜ éá éáëÜ çâ êéÜö êâ ÝæÜç Ü Ýt
â ç åàç çâÜï âç éïâáäéåéÝÜt
éàáò ÷ æâ íá ê éëæä âá îâáäs
â ã ést
â îà êà ëéÝÜ ê ì æéåt
åçà îG
àït
à ÛÜá ÝÜð ìâï ñæçést
éÜá éty t
à çâ êà ÝÜt
ât
æâ ãçâìâá Ýâà åt
æâï éø éáâw
ét
æéáùw
æét
âúîâá ù ûâ îàás
üýþþÿ).
ûâ îàá ìéáæâçÝçé
t
é ðâåàÝð ìâs
àáæât
é ììðâàåëâá ïâçw
æé Ýæés
çâøâÜ ê âïéáThe
Shack.
÷ æâìã éçét
à åâá ê é ëæä âá îâáäés t
æâ éì ìðâéát
æâáàøâ êâìãâ ÝéÜ ê êy t
æâîÜ êâïà îéáÜ
t
éàá àç ãÜt
çéÜ çÝæy syst
â î éá æât
éá ìä étut
éàá Üs
à îÜá ÝÜt
æà ê éÝ ÝæðçÝæòâ ì éïâ
s t
æâs
âtw
à Ýà îîâáäì ôt
æâçâ Ü çâ Ü êìà ìàîâ àã éá éàá ìw
æâçât
æâ ð ìâ à åîâ
t
Üã æàçÜáïsy
îöà êÜç â ï éì Ý ð ì ìâïÜs
ñ æðá ë ðááy
Üçëu
âs
éá æés
àã éá éàáàáhttp://www.modernreformation.org
t
æÜt
ü÷ æâ ì æÜ ÝÞ é
s
é êêéÜ î Üð ê àðá ës
îât
Üã æàç åàçt
æâæâ Üçt
æàð ìâï öy
æð çt
ì ô êéâ ì ô Üáï ìâÝç ât
ìò és
Üé î éát
æâst
à çy
és t
à à ååâç Üá ÜããçàÜ ÝæÜö êâG
àï à å ç â êÜt
éàáÜ êéty
Üáï êàøât
æçàð ëæw
æà î æés
ãçàäÜ ëàá ést
ÝÜá îÜ Þâ ìâá ìâ à åt
çÜ ëâï éâ ìô åÜ é êðçâ ìô Üáï ï éìÜããà éáäîâáäìò÷ æâ ìâ
t
æçââ çâ ê Üt
âïst
ðï éâs
ÜöàøâÜáÜ êâyz
ï é ååâçâ áät
àã é Ýs
åçà ît
æâw
çé
t
âçs st
çÜy
ô öðät
æây
Ü çâ Ü êìà ì é ëá é åé ÝÜáät
à ï â øâ êàãt
æâw
çét
âçs
çâ ìâ Üç Ýæòâ ÝÜð ìâ
t
æây
ïà áàä Üá ìw
âçt
æâw
ç ét
âçs
çâs
âÜç Ýæ ðâst
éàá ôt
æâw
ç ét
âçïâ Ýé ïâs
t
àð ìâ ã ì
y
ÝæàÜáÜ êyt
éÝstu
ïy t
àâáç éÝæä æâÜá Ü êì éy
s
à åThe Shack.
. R
w
R
T
1. T
y
z
÷à åéáï àðä æà
w
Ü Ýæ Üç Ü Ýt
âç és
ÝæÜçÜÝt
âç éz
âï ô ét
és
éîãàçt
Üáät
àÞáà
t
æât
æâàç éâs
à åÝ æÜçÜ Ýâç ét
z
Üt
éàáòöç Üîs
éáA Glossary of Literary Terms
t
! "t
#$ %" &w
'"s
$x
() $ *y t
'$ $ $s
*$ +* $
st
",$w
t
'(t
! -) ")&. $) ) $!t
-) $ ". ") /-)t
$0 12) )t
'$0 $/-)
t
$s
! * $t
3$ % "w
't t
'$( $0" 0ys t
'"-+')"+u
$& !t
"". #
t
" 42* 0& 56667 8898:;1 <$, ')$ !! " +t
" = ")= "
A Handbook to Literature,
! '!t
$z
t
"s t
'$w
y
w
' ! 't
'$ut
'"$v
$)s
"! $t
$s
t
'$! ' !t
$s
'0 > '$w
"3& 3 +t
'$ ) #$% "t
'$ $$ 456?@7?5 ;1=") = " 456?@7?5 ; ) 0 "
st
t
$t
't t
'$$ $tw
" % - $.)
s
$t
'"0 "% ! '!t
$z
"t
%!t
"1 Ast
&t
'$ $x
() !t
( $0$.
t
" *y t
'$ut
'" 1 B$!"&t
'$ ! ' !t
$s
", $( $0 $.t
" % "w
t
' !'!t
$ "%t
'$ ( !t
"%! $t
$#$.s t
",0t
'$! ' !t
$s
$0$) % &,
t
'"-.y
. $ % $ $! $% "t
'$ut
'"1C $)
t
"t
"t
's t
'$"y
& <1D <-( 'y
456 EF75@5 95 E8;An
Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students
t
't t
'$$ $ % $w w
ys
% "ut
' "t
" 3$ 's
! ' !t
$-$
st
*)$15 1 G $0") $0 !( . "7
t
'$ut
'" $( !ts
! ' !t
$s
(( $ ! $$!
t
)y
1F1 H'!
t
$s
0$ $ *y
".'$7t
'$ut
'" $0 ! *$s
! ' !t
$ % "".'$! ' !
t
$s
( " ."% #$w
181 B ( $$!'7
t
'$ut
'" +v
$s t
'$ $ $ ( $! $( . " ."w
't
3 "%! '!
t
$'$"0'$w
0&.'"-+'w
't t
'$( $ 0 "001y
:1 G
st
I %$7t
'$ut
'"t
$) )s t
'$ $$ ( !t
- $"%(st
"%! ' !t
$J
KLMNOMNOP KQRS
s
TL MPM Tt
OPUVU WQRXOP KM
t
Y QRZt
L O Mut
L QP [YXOs
M NYTt
\P O Q] NOP K QRSs
TLMP MTt
OPt
LP Q\[L^L OT QRXOP
s
Mt
YQRKQ]Q^ L OPNOQN_ OU`U aOMT
t
YQRZt
L O P OMbOP [Ot s
M K Y[Rt
Q M NOP KQRSs
TLMPMTt
OPt
LP Q\ [LcRQdY R[
t
L OP OM Tt
Y QRQ]T LMPMTt
OPt
QXMP YQ\K OXOR^s
eU fYPOT
t
W QggOR^ Zt
L OMut
L QP [YXOs
T QggOR^QRTL MPMTt
OPbYP OTt
_Uy
hU iL Q\[L^ Z
t
L OMut
L QPt
O__s t
L OP OM b OPw
L Mt t
L OTLM PM Tt
OPYs t
L YRcY R[UjU kMRROP YKg Z
t
L O Mut
L QP bOKTP YlOs
M N OPK QRSs
l OLM XY QPs
m LM lYts
Q]YbY QK
y
RTP M KY Os t
LMt t
O_ _ L Ot
POM b OP K Qg Ot
L Y R [MlQ\^L Ys
TLMPM Tt
OPU2. T
n opqy
prsrt oqu OQN_ O Q] M_ _ M[OK m lMTc[PQ\RbK m M Rb T\_
t
\P Os
Ox
NOPY ORTO MR[OPUvOT M \KO MR[OP Y
s
lQ^ L ]P Ow\OR^M Rb \RY XOPM_ ms
g QK^ Q]us
LM XOK Qg O NOPs
QRM_O
x
NOPY ORTO Q]t
L Ys
OgQt
Y QRU xRt
L O lQQcUnderstanding Anger Disorders
yz{{ eZV|m
t
LPOOOMP_y w
P Yt
OPs
y}P Yst
Q^_ Om~OROT MM R bu_ut
MPTL |M__bO]Y RObM R [OPM
s
Mst
P QR[ OgQ^ Y QR QP NM KK YQR NP QXQcOb L ORw
NOQN_ O K\]] OP QP NOP TOYv
Ot
LMt
t
L O
y su
]] OPM NMY RmY RK\_t
mQP YR \Py t
LMt
g Q^ Y XMt
Os t
L O bOKYPO]QPv
OR[OM RT O QPbYP OT
t
MTt
Y QRK^QN\RYKLQP[MY RPOst
Ytut
Y QR]PQgt
L OQ]] ORb OP UaO_ M
t
Obt
Qt
L Ys
bO]Y RYt
YQRm U fO]] ORlMTL OP M R b L Ys
T Q__OM[\Os
yfO]] ORlM TL OP m
O
Ott
Y R[m RTL kQP PYs
| YRt
L O KMgO lQQcUnderstanding
Anger Disorders
bOXO_ QNObM R [OPOx
NPOK K YQRY RXOR^ QPy
ly
T Q__ OTt
Y R[jjYt
Ogs
P ONP O
s
OR^ Y R[K \lOTts
P OMTt
YQRKt
QM R [OPU iL Oy t
LORK YgN_ Y]Y ObYt
Y R^ Qz{sty
_Os
QP
w
Mys
Y ROx
NPOK KY R[M R [OP U
t
t t
y t
t
s
t
x
s
x
t
s t
t
x
s
¡
t
s
x
s
st
w
t
t
t
t
s
t
w
t
t
t
¢
s
x
s
t
y
t
t
¡
ts
x
y
t
ty
£ ¤ w
¤
s
¡st
s t
¥ t
¦ §¡¤
s w
y
t
t
¡¤
s
¨ s w
y
s
¥ ¥ st
tw
tw
y
© ª
y
«tt
¥ s w
y
ys
w
st
¥ s
¡¤
t t
t
t
s
w
t
y
tt
¡ ¡
t
¬s
® ª
y
«tt
¥ ¯t
s w
y
s
t
¨
tt
t
s
° ±
sy
« ¡ s w
y
s
¡ ¡ ¤s w
t
t
t
t
s
² ³ «
ss
¡t
´«tt
¥ s w
y
¡s
¥ ¤ t
t
t
¤t
t
t
s
µ¶ ³ ª
ut
§¨ s
x
s
¤t
w
t
v
tt
¥· ¸
¹º»¼½¾¿¾À ¼½Á
t
ÂÃt
¾Ä¿Ãt
ºÅ ½ ºÆ ú¼Ãs
¾¼¿ ÃÄÇȼ¿ ÃÄɾ¼¾Ê ½ºËÃÃ
x
ÌÄý½ ùÁ ÂĺͿÂ˺¹y
Ê ¾¼¿Í¾¿ÃÇÎÎ Ç ÏÀÄ
ty
Ð ººÑ ½Ç ÒÂÀs
Ãx
ÌÄ Ã½ ½Àº¼ À¼É Ê͹Ãs
ƾÑÀ¼¿ Å ¾ÉÀ ¾Ê Ãx
ÌÄý ½À º¼½t
¾t
É ºÆÆ Í¼ÀÉ ¾
t
à ¾¼ ¿ ÃĺÄÉ º ¼Á ÃÆ ÌÁ ÇÎÓ Ç Ôº¹
y
Ð ¾ ¼¿Í¾¿ ÃÇ ÒÂÀs
Ãx
ÌÄý½À º¼ À ¼É Ê͹Ãs
ƾÑÀ ¼¿ ˺¹ÀÊy
¿Ãst
ÍÄÃs t
¾t
Ã
x
ÌÄÃss
¾¼¿ ÃÄ ºÄÉ º¼Á ÃÆÌÁ ÇÎÕ Ç È¼¿ ÃÄÖÀ¼× ½ ÍÌÌÄý ½À º¼ÇÒ ÂÀ
s
Ãx
ÌÄý ½À º¼É ¾¼ËÃͼ¹ÃÄst
ºº¹t
¾t t
ÂÃÌÃĽ º¼À
s
˾½ÀÉ ¾ÊÊy
¾¼¿ Äy
ËÍÁ ÂÃ Ñ ÃÃ̽ Àt
À¼Ø ¾Ù ºÀ ¹½ Ãx
ÌÄý ½À¼¿ ¾¼¿ ÃÄØºÄ ¾Ù ºÀ¹½ÌúÌÊÃÇ
ÎÚ Ç È¼¿ ÃÄÖÀ¼×É ÄÀ
t
À ɾÊÇ ÒÂÀs
Ãx
ÌÄý ½Àº¼ ɾ¼ Ëà ͼ¹ÃÄst
ºº¹t
¾t t
Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ Às
É ÄÀ
t
À É¾Ê ºÅ ºÁ ÂÃ Ä½Ø ºÄ ¾s
¼Ã¿ ¾À Ù Ãt
ºÌÀ ¼À º¼½ ºÅ ºÁ ÂÃÄs w
Àt
ºÍÁ Ãx
ÌÄý ½À¼¿¾¼¿ ÃÄÇ
Ot
ÂÃÄÃx
ÌÄý ½À º¼½ ºÅ¾¼¿ ÃļºÁÆ Ã¼ÁÀ º¼Ã¹Ëy
Ï ÃÅÅÃ¼Ë¾É Â ÃÄ Ãt
¾Ê Ç ËÍÁ½ ÌÃÉÀ ÅÀùË
y
Ò¾¼¿¼ Ãy
À ¼ÉÊ Í¹ÃÛÎÜ Ç Ý¾Ê Ã¹ÀÉ
t
Àº¼Ç ÒÂÀs
Ãx
ÌÄý ½Àº¼ ¾ÌÌü½w
Âüt
Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ ½ ¾ys
˾¹t
ÂÀ ¼ ¿s
¾Ëº
ut t
Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ÂÃÀs
¾¼¿Äy w
Àt
Ât
º¾t
ÂÀ Ĺ̾Äty
ÇÎÞ Ç ßºÄÄÃÉ
t
À Ù Ã ÈÉt
Àº¼Ç ÒÂÀs
ÃÌÄý ½À º¼x
Às
À¼¹À É ¾t
ù Ëy
ƾÑÀ¼¿ É Â¾¼¿ Ãs
À ¼ÂÀ
s
ºÄÂÃÄËà¾ÙÀºÄt
º¾v
ºÀ ¹ ɺ¼Å ÊÀ Ét
ÇÎà Ç ÏÀ ÅŠͽÀ º¼ºÄ¹À
st
ľÉt
À º¼ÇÒÂÃÌÃĽ º¼ ¾v
ºÀ ¹½ÁºÅ¾ÉÃt
ÂÃÌĺËÊ Ãƾ¼¹¾Ù ºÀ ¹¾¼ÉþÉ
t
À ÙÀty
ÇÎá Ç â ¾½ ½À Ù ÃÖ ¾¿¿Äý½À Ù Ã ã¾Ëº
t
¾¿ ÃÇ ä¼t
ÂÀs
Ãx
ÌÄý ½À º¼t
Âà ÌÃĽ º¼ Ëþ٠Ãs
¾¿ ¾À ¼½Á
t
Âþ¿Ä ÃÃÆ Ã¼ÁËÃtw
ÃüÁ ÂÃÆÀ¼ºÄ¹Ã Ät
ºËÊ ºÉÑÁÂÿº¾Ê Çè è
t
éêëê ìí îïêï ðîñìò óês
îôéê ìs
õ ïîìöêìt
îõ í î÷òt
êt
é êt
ò ìóêt
íîðõò÷ ÷øy
ùúøûõ íë÷òðêüê ïô ø ýï
t
éõs
êx
ëìêí íõîït
éê ëê ìí îï ðéò ïóês t
é êt
ò ìóêt
îþ éõí ÿéê ìò ïóê ìø éõ
s
ð ò ïêí ê ê ïõïô éêð÷òss
îìþ ò üõ÷y
ø3. T
y
U
sy
ðé îòï ò÷yst
õ óü ñïö ìê ñö ê ÷õêêöt
éòt
êéòõ îì òïöëê ìíîïò ÷õ
ty
ö ê ìõês
þìîüt
éê ð îïí ôò ïô ò ïö ñïõ ñê õ ïô ê ìòðt
õîï îþ ð îïþ÷õðt
õïóëí
y
ðé î÷ îóõð ò ÷ þîìð ês t
éòt
îëê ìòt
ê òt t
é ìêê öõþþ êìê ïô ÷êê ÷s
îþ òw
ò ìêï êí ít
éêëìêð îïí ðõ îñí
t
éê ð îïíðõîñí ò ïöt
éê ñïð îïí ðõ îñíø ðð îìöõïót
î ìêñöt
éêüõïöðò ïêöõ õöêöõïô îô é ìêêöõþþê ìê ïô÷ê
v
ê÷íø éê ð îïíðõ îñí üõ ïö õïð ÷ ñöê
s
êêìéõ ïóyt
t
éòt w
ê ò ìêòw
òìê îþø éõs
õs t
é êîï÷
y
֐v
ê÷ îþ üê ïôò ÷÷õ þêöõìêðt
÷y
òòõ ÷ò ÷êt
îus
t
éòt w
êð òït
éõïòïöt
ò ÷ò îñô ìò
t
õ îïò ÷÷y
ø ýöê òs
ìê òðé ð îïí ðõ îñíïêss
þ ìîütw
î öõ ìêðt
õ îïí ø éê þõìst
õ
s
þ ìîüt
éê ëêìðê ëôñò÷ ðîïí ðõ îñísyst
ê üø êìêw
éòt
êê ì ò ëêìí îïëê ìðêõ
v
ês t
é ìîñóéí ê ïíêîìóò ïíðò ïê ïôêìõ ïôîð îïíðõîñí ïêss
òs
÷ îïóòs
õt
õs
ïîô
t
é ìêòt
ê ïõ ïóø é ê í ê ðîïö õs
þìîü üê ïô ò÷st
ìu
ðt
ñìê ò ïö ïîïô é ìê òt
ê ïõ ï óõöêòíø
2.
éê ëìê ð îïí ðõîñí üõ ïö õs t
éê ëò ìt
îþt
éê üõ ïöt
éòt
ìê ëìês
ê ïôs
îìöõïò ìy
üê ü îì
y
ø éõ ÷êw
ê ò ìê ïîô ð îïí ðõîñí÷y
òò ìêw
îþt
éõs
õ ïþ îìüòt
õîï òt
òïy
óõê ï
t
õüêw
ê ðòï ìê óòõï õt
ò ïö ëñ÷÷ õt
õ ïôî ð îïíðõîñí ïêss w
éê ï ïê êöêö øéêð îïôê ïô
s
îþt
éêëìêð îïí ðõ îñí ð îüê þ ìîütw
î íîñìðêí ø éêþõ ìst
í îñìðêõ
s
þ ìîü ð îïíðõîñí ëêìðêëô õ îïø ýt
õï î÷ês w
é òt
ò ëê ìí îï ìêð êõ êí ø éêí êð îïöíîñìðêõ
s
þìîüt
éêñïð îïí ðõ îñíø3.
!" # !" $# % #s
&st
!'& ( !) ) *# ("+t
! (, "+ ' ("+ & %$$ !'#
s t
&t
&' - !%y
!' !" #!" &w
&' " ". / !'%# (t
! 0'%+t
!" # !" $!,# 1&
t
s
$!" , !) !'w
! '%"+ )*# ("+ &% &t
# !".$&#(- # %%'&$ "+"*# 2 "!)
t
!(&% 't
# %"!)) !' (tt
#( &-
x
2* &# % -y t
!" # !". 4 '+ 0' % # #s
- *#) " &ys t
&t
#*%!!%
x
2 '#s
& &22 &'# &%*t
%' &$s
50 #st
678 97:;.<#
s
2 " !& &*y
#yt
t
!'+y
0' %&*"!s
&#%t
&t
&('!2!)$ ,&*2'! ""
s
&-*s t
$# %t
! " !* 1t
!)*#ts
- , " !$!)t
$ &'&-*t
!'" !* 1. #
s
2 ' !ss
!)t
#s
#s
"&* *y
!" # !s
&%#1!* 1s
! &*#()'!$!" *)#
t
' &* %'#1s
!' )* # (t
&t t
' &t
s t
!* != ' " *)9st
$ !'2'!1!3s
&> #
ty
. <t
#s
*v
*+ 0 '% !) ) ' % %) " $ &# " $t
! " !* 1t
! )* #ts
t
'!(" !$2 '!
ss
s
.?. @ 2'" "#!. #
s
2' !ss
&22 "w
& 2 ' " ! &s
2 &# ) * $$!'#s
& %& 2 ,&-*
t
!(,s
& % $!,# 1s w
# 2'!%t
!! $ &>#ty
.2 ' " ! '(
s t
&t t
! (ts
%!= # , !t
!" #!" 2 &'t
! )t
$#%.2 ' " ! #
t
#s
&" ) !' (ts
t
t
# (t
&t
- !t
's
# $A ' &%w
#t
!,'&*#
z
#( #t
+t
&t
2 ' "! 2 "s
#t
!, !) # "A' &w
&'ss
. ) *#(s
!)!",#* #
ty
&%& ('st
&y
#t
!" # !"$# %&% &' 1 &*#t
)!' $!)"&' &
st
# B !3 "+ "* #2 " !)t
t
! ( &% % '&$ . 0' % !- " 'v
%t
&t
#s
2 &
t
# ,s w
' &-*t
! ' &**t
' &$ &t
# + 2 "y
!* ! (# &* *y
%&$& (# (+# * %!!% 1,
s w
#t
!, !"#%'&-* 2'!-# (. ' &$&t
# $$!'#s
&''2'
ss
%&%3 2 ,#, !" # !"-y st
'!()!' ".C D
EF GHIJ
t
KLM NLOP It
KLM F QRKs
SOL JHss
RI SSHMTw
RHM I SH OT LM OH SUIJHs
IMIJJH SVI WU HXH HUK MY
w
Kt
RKts
L SSLT Kt
H F Z PLt
RHOw
RL WHIOs
IM[M\IMVH ] JRK U ]^XLO H
x
I PSU H^ PIy
OH I Jt t
L RHO XH HU KMYs
L X Y[KUt
XL O MLVw
I MVK MYt
RH JRK U ] Wy
WHJL PKMYH
xt
OH PHUy
T LUKJKt
L[TIM ] L_H OSOLV HJt
K _Ht
L JLM_K M JH WLVRt
RH JRK U ]IM ]RHOTHU X
t
RIt
T RHKs
I YLL ]PLV RHO F QRKs
PLV RHO [M JLMT JK L[TUy
Ks
JL_HOKMY[ SRHO
t
O[HXHHUK M YF`F a OL bH J
t
KLMF QRKs
SOL JHss
RI SSHMTw
RHM K MMHO XH HU KMYs
IO Ht
ROL\M L[V T K ]H FQRK
s
Ks
I XLO P L X ]HXHM T H KMw
RKJR [M\IMVH ] X HHU KMYs
IO H ]KT SUI JH ] LMt
LIMLVRHO SH OTLM ^
w
RH OHt
RHy t
RHM ISS HIO Is
It
RO HIt
XOL Pt
RH Hxt
HOMIUw
L O U ]FQRK
s
T Kt
[It
K LM MLO PIU Uy
L JJ[Os w
RHM IM KM ]K _K ][IU ^t
ROHIt
HMH ] Wy
RKs
Lw
MIMYO
y
XH HU KMYT^ I JJus
Hs
IMLVRHO F Z M Hx
I PSU H K Mt
RKs
JIT H Ks
I WLy w
RL Ks
H
xt
OH PHUy
bHIUL[TLXRKs
YK OU XOKHM ]W[V]LHTM ct w
I MVt
LOH JL YMKz
HKt
FdF GHYO HT TK LMK
s
IOHt
[OMt
LHIOU KHOst
I Y Hs
LX]H_HUL S PHMV UK eHJRK U ]RLL ] SHOKL ]w
RKJR K
s
SOL PSV H ] Wy
] IMYHOs
L O JLM XUKJts
IOKT K M Y It
LMH L Xt
RH UIHOt
st
IYHT FZ
y
L[M Yw
KX H ^XL O Hx
I PSUH ^PK YRVOHt
OHIt t
Lt
RHT HJ[OKty
LX RHOSIO HMV T fRLPHIX
t
HORHOXKOst
JLM XU K Jt w
Kt
RRHOR[TWIM ]FgF hKTSU IJH PHMVF
QRK
s
SOL JHss
R ISSHMTw
RHM RHt
L WbHJt
LX IM [MJLMT JK L[T ]HT KO H SOL_LeHs
IM i KH
ty
F ZMMI NO H[ ] IU TL K M_LU_Hs t
[OMKMY IYIK MTV THU Xw
RK JR Ks
IT TL JK It
H]w
K
t
R]H SOHT T KLMIM ]T [K JK]H F Z MHx
I PSU HK MV RKs
UH _HUKs t
RHw
Iy
LXIWLy w
RLw
IMV
s t
L RKt
RKs
XIt
RHO FjH_HOt
RHUHT T ^ RIt
t
WLy
Ks
I XOIK ] LX RK P^T L RHRKts
RKs
y
L [MYH
st
WOLVRHOK MTV HI] kNOH[ ]^lm`no nmp Fq r
stuv wx y zx{|}
s t
~ xzy
{ ts t
~ xzy
xz tu vty
vs
uvtt
u x vt
|v xzxt x
st
zt uy
xzt
x|t
~ t t
~ x v zt
t zt
t
~ x{ tt v{ x
s
t z xz tu xx
xzvxt xs
{ z |vst
t st
~{ t x
x
vst
xtx t ~vs t
~ xzy
{ tt
~ xt xtt
v tx|w
~ t
~ x uu x|
ersonal Unconscious
t|Collective Unconscious
P
U
tv t u u zx zxs
x| zt
xt xzxv
v
x| xx
xzvxtxs
xz tt
vt u xs
uut
~ x xzvx z t
xtx xt x
x
xzv xtxs
vtxt
~ xv ttv u x xzv | O
{ z xz tu{ tt v{ vs
{ tv { xx{ xv
t
vs
z x| y
{ zvt|vv |{ u xx
xzvxtx tt
~ x xz t u{ tt v{ x v x
s
t x x v uy
zx u ux| { xw
vt
~ |v v { uty
t|~ x ~ xz
s
z x{ v| xt v { tx txx
u xv xty
{ tvs
xz t}
s
xx
xz v xt xw
vt
~t
~ x ~ xz y
zv x t x v tu zx t
~ t
t
~ x
w
z|~ xz { xs
tx v tuzx t xw
~v~uwt
~ xut
~ { ~
U
tvt v t~ xzvt
txz { ztxst
z t
~
s
vts
zzt
~ xtxst
zu st
t
~ xxtvzx xv x t~ xzw
z| t
~ xuu x
t
v x { tt v { vs
v t~ xzvt
x| t| vt
~ xt z xtxz t
v tt
xt xz
t
vt x ux ~ x xxt v tu{ xt x| y t
~xv z zv vt
v x t xst
zs
x
x
xzvxtxs
{ ~ s G
| ~ xz xzt
~ t| z~ t
~ x uu xt
v x{ tt v{ v
s
u zx t v u x z x u xs
~ yt
u xxt| t| zxuvv {xuvx t x
x
u x vv
xt y
{ t vs
y
{ t ~ xz y
{ txx
xt
x| uy
zx
t w
vt
~ u x t|t
xt|xztxss t
~ xz txw
zt y
xv
xtt
~ {~ ~x ~s
tx
t
v xx xuvts t
z|t
~ xx zy
¡ { t¢£¤¥¦ § ££ ¨© ª
«¬
T
®R
®¯°±²³´µ®±w
®®´P
¶·¸ ³ ¯³ ¹·°´º»²± ®¼°±½¼®¾¿
t
ÀÁ Ât
ÃÁÀ ÂÄÅ Æsy
ÇÈÉÊÉËy
ÂÁÀtw
É Å¿ ÌÌ ÀÁ ÀÄÍ Î ÃÏÐÀ Çts t
È Ât
Ç ÂÄ¿ ÄÌÊÃÀÄÇÀÀ Â ÇÈÉ ÍÈÀÁ ÑÆ
sy
ÇÈÉÊ ÉËy
ÇÂÄÏÀÂt
ÉÉÊt
ÉÃÄÅÀÁst
ÂÄÅÊ¿t
ÀÁÂt
ÃÁÀ ÑÒÈ ÂÁ ÂÇt
ÀÁs
ÁÀÓÁÀ
s
À ÄÍÂs
È ÃÔ ÂÄÁÀÓ ÁÀ Î À ÄÍÂt
¿ É Ä¿ Ät
ÈÀÊ ¿t
ÀÁ Ât
ÃÁÀ ÂÄÅ¿t
ÇÂÄ ÏÀ ÂÄÂÊyz
À Åt
ÈÁÉ ÃËÈÓÎ
y
ÇÈÉÊ É Ëy
ÑÕs
ÓÎy
ÇÈÉÊ ÉËy
¿s
ÂÏÉ Åy
ÉÌ ÖÄÉ ×ÊÀÅ ËÀw
È¿ ÇÈst
ÃÅ¿ Às
È ÃÔÂÄ ÓÎy
ÇÈ ÀØt
ÈÀ ÔÉÎÍ ÁÀÊ Â
t
À Å ÀÊÀÔÀ ÄÍ ÉÌ Ê¿t
ÀÁ Ât
ÃÁÀt
É ÓÎÇÈÉÊ ÉËy
y
¿s
¿ts
È ÃÔÂÄ ÙÊ¿ÖÀ ÇÈ ÂÁÂÇt
À ÁÎ ÑÚÀÌÀÁÁ¿ ÄË
t
É ÛÂÁÄ Àts
Àx
ÓÊ ÂÄÂt
¿ É Ä ÂÏÉ ÃÍ ÇÈ ÂÁ ÂÇt
À Á ¿ÄLiterature for Composition
t
È Â
t
ÇÈ ÂÁÂÇt
À Á ¿s
 ̿ Ëu
ÁÀw
¿t
È ÎÓÀÇ¿ Ì¿Ç ÔÀ ÄÍÂÊ ÂÄ Å ÔÉÁ ÂÊ Ü ÃÂÊ ¿t
¿ÀÎ Ý ¿t
¿s
É ÏÞ¿É ÃÎt
È Â
t
ÇÈ ÂÁ Â Çt
ÀÁs
ÇÂÄ ÏÀ É ÏÎ ÀÁÞÀ Åt
ÈÁÉ ÃËÈ ÓÎÇÈÉÊÉËy
y
Ø¿Ät
ÀÁÔt
È Ât t
ÈÀy
ÇÉÄÎ ¿st
ÉÌÃÄ¿Ü ÃÀÔ À ÄÍÂÊÜ ÃÂÊ ¿
t
¿ Às
ßÛÂÁ ÄÀt
Øàáââ ãäàåÑÕÊ ÔÉÎÍ
t
ÈÀ ÎÂÔÀt
Ét
È¿s
ÓÀÁÎÓÀ Çt
¿ÞÀØ ÛÉÁÄÎÍ À¿ Ä ¿Ä È¿s
ÏÉÉ ÖPsychology and its Allied Discipline Humanities
æÉÊ ÃÔ À çÎ Âys t
È Ât
¿ Ä Ê ¿t
ÀÁ Ât
ÃÁ ÀØt
ÈÀ ÇÉ ÄÅ¿
t
¿É ÄÎ ÉÌÈ ÃÔ ÂÄ ÄÂt
ÃÁÀ ÂÁÀÅÀs
ÇÁ¿ÏÀ Å ¿ Ä ÅÁ ÂÔÂt
¿ Ç ÌÉÁÔw
È¿Ê À ÓÎy
Ç ÈÉÊ ÉËy
¿ ÄÞÀ
st
¿ËÂt
Às
È ÃÔ ÂÄs
ÇÈÂÁ ÂÇt
À ÁÉÁ ÏÀÈÂÞ¿ÉÁ ¿ Äsyst
ÀÔ Ât
¿Çw
Âys
ßÛÉÁÄÎÍÀ¿ÄØàáâè ãàèèå Ñ
é
. T
®³ ¼®± ²¸° ¯F
¼° ê®w
³ ¼ëìÈÀ ÃÎ À ÉÌ ÇÈÂÁ  Ç
t
ÀÁØ ÂÄËÀ ÁØ ÂÄÅ ÃÄÇÉ ÄÎÇ¿ É ÃÎ Ô¿ÄÅt
ÈÀÉÁy
ÂÁÀt
È ÀÌÉ Ç
us
ÉÌ Ôy
ÁÀÎ À ÂÁ ÇÈ Ñ çÄ ÉÁ ÅÀÁt
É ÂÄÎ×ÀÁt
ÈÀ ÁÀÎÀ ÂÁ ÇÈ Ü ÃÀst
¿É Ä ÄÃÔ ÏÀÁ É ÄÀØt
ÈÀw
Á¿
t
ÀÁ ¿s
ËÉ¿ Ä Ët
É ÃÎ Àt
ÈÀt
ÈÀÉÁy
ÉÌ ÇÈ ÂÁ ÂÇt
À Á ÂÄÅ ÇÈÂÁ Â Çt
ÀÁ¿z
Ât
¿É ÄÑ ís
¿ÄËt
È¿s
t
ÈÀÉÁ
y
Øt
È Àw
Á¿t
ÀÁ ¿s t
ÈÀÄ ÂÏÊÀt
É¿ÅÀ ÄÍ¿ Ìy t
ÈÀ Ç È ÂÁÂÇt
ÀÁ¿st
¿ Çs
ÉÌî ÇÖ ÀÎ ÓÀÇ¿ÂÊ Êy t
ÉÖÄÉ ×
w
ÈÉîÂÇÖ¿s
Ñ Ûy
Ì ¿ ÄÅ¿ÄËÉ ÃÍt
ÈÀÇÈ ÂÁÂÇt
ÀÁ¿st
¿Çs
ÉÌîÂÇÖØ¿t
¿s
À ÂÎ ¿ ÀÁt
ÈÀÄt
Éï ð
ñòóòô
t
õ òw
óöt
ò ów
ö÷ ÷ öøò ùú öûy t
õ ò üõýóýüt
ò óöst
öüs
þû ÿýüw
õ öüõ ó òûò ós t
þ ý ù òóõ ö
s
òýùt
õýt
ÿý üs
ý ù òóust
ò øòüóö ò ø ö ùt
õ ò óò÷òv
ý ùút
õ ò þóy
þûý ùòó
öùý ÷ ÷
y
ôöù þóøò ót
þ ýù òót
õ ò óò òý óüõ òst
ö þùù òót
õ óòòt
õ òw
óö
t
òó òs t
õòt
õ òþóy
þ û òó þùý ÷öty
óò÷ýt
òøúþùüþùüö þö ùøò òü öý ÷÷y t
þ ûöùøt
õ ò ö ùû÷ òùüò þû ùü þùüö þ öùø ö ù ý ö ù ÿý ü
t
þ óòü þùü ö÷ ò õ ö ò÷ ûw
öt
õ õ ös
ý ùòó
y
ò÷ý þ óýt
öùt
õ ò òt
õ óòò ýö ùõ òþóöòt
s
ô öt w
ö ÷÷ õ ò÷t
õ òw
óöt
òót
þ ûö ùøõ òt
ý ù òó
s
þût
õòs
òó ò òýóüõ òst
ö þù17
.
!"#!$% !& ' ()*+ , , -./ 0 12 3. ,4 , 25 -*4 5 2647 8 9: ;9<=> ? @+ - -45 A 0 B +77 + CD E C.7
F 2.5G
,
C1 2@D4 @ 211+34 DC5 CG4 @ C5/ * 2-47 5+G* - 374 @HI J. A7 + ,*4/ +52007.
K5-*4 A4G+ 55+5G
,
-*+ , 5 2647 ? C, @4L4 3-4/ A0 DC50 J. A7+,*4@, A4 3C. ,4 21 -*4325 - @264 @,+ C7-*4 27 2G 0325 -45 -CA2. --*4325 34 J-2 1)*4M 270) @+ 5+ -0C5/C7,2
A43C. ,4 F 2.5 G 5464 @ ?@2-4 C A22H A412@4
.
N2,
+ - ,44 D4/ C, *4 @4 , 0.
O 1 -4@A4+ 5G@4 1. ,4/IF 2.5 G -*45/43+ /4/- 2 J. A7+,*25 7 0 -4532J+ 4 ,PM4 GC64 -* 4 D
C, C Q* @+,- DC, G+1 - 12@ * +, 3*+7 / @45 C5/ *+, 372,4
-
1 @+45/ , P M+, 1 @+ 45/ , 12.5/2. - -* C- -*4 , -2@ 0 +5 89: ;9<=> ? C, +5 -4@4 , -+ 5G C5/ A4 3C. ,4 5 2 J. A7+,*4 @
? C5 -4/89:;9<=>G2J.A7+3
,
-*4 0-*45A.+ 7 -C54?254+ 5-*4+@2?5C5/C--*4-+D489:;9<=>? C,A4, - , 47 74 @
.
)*4 N - 2@0 A4 G C5 ?+ -* C5 .5H5 2? 5 74 - -4 @ ?*+ 3* RC3H @4 34+64 / +5
*+ , D C+ 7 A2S
.
) *4 325 -45- 21 -*4 7 4- -4 @ ?C, C5 + 56+ - C-+ 25 12@ RC3H -2 D44-TE CJCC-- *4,* C3H+5-*4? 44H45/ PRC 3H/+ /5 2-H5 2??* 2TE CJC? C,C5/
*4 H4J- - @ 0+ 5 G -2 1+ 5/ 2. -
.
RC3H ? C, J. U U7 4/ A0 -*4 74 - -4 @ V * 4 * C, *C/ 5 2@47 C-+ 25 ,*+ J ? + -* *+ , CA. ,+ 64 1C-*4@ ,+5 34 *4 741- * 2D4 C- CG4 21
13
.
O 1- 4 @ C7 25G,4C @3*+5 G
,
*4-*453 25 37 ./4/-* C-T E CJC+,W 2/ P)*4,* C3H?C,-*4J7 C34?*4 @4R+, ,0
,
25421R C3HX,3*+ 7/ @45I? C,H+7 74/ A0YC/0H+7 74 @ -* @4 4 04 C @, A412 @4
.
O - -*C- -+D4 RC3H -22H -* @44(
21 *+ ,1+ 64
)
21*+,3*+ 7/ @4525 C3CD J+5G-@+ J- 2BC7 7 2?CYCH4.
) ? 2 21*+,3*+7 / @4518
Z[\]^_ `ab cde
.
f [g babh,
i`Zj] bkl cd_^` \mclbh,
id__n,
`] [obdol cb _ c`Zjpq\hrh d_dom]n
,
gcbo i` Zj h bl\ho b^ l [ l cb _c`Zj,
id_ _n g `_ ed_ _ dom.
scbr[]dZbg bh bZ` ] ]b^`o^k[\o^[\llc` lid_ _nc`^t bboe\h^ bh b^`o^cbht[ ^n
Z[\]^o [ltbk [\o^ pqdoZbcbht[^nZ [\]^o [ltbk[\o^ui`Z jv_] dk b_ `o jdo l[
wscb xh b` l q `^o b_ _p qdoZ b l c`l e d_ _dom
,
i`Z j g`_ l[l` ]]n ^ dkkbhbo l,
[o do[lcbh g [h^_ dl Z`o tb _`d^ lc` l cb g `_ l [l` ]]n `o mhn `o^ Z [ok \_ b^ g d lc c d_
g [\o^ b^cb`h l
.
s [ h b_ r[o^ l [ lcb do adl` ld [ou i`Z j r]`oo b^ l [ m [ t`Zj l [ lcb _ c`Zj
`kl bh
3
nb`h_ tbdo m `g`n.
y ]] lcb ebe [h db_ [ k id_ _n g bh b t`Z jp fb l [ [j `h ba[] abh gdl c cde do [h^ bh l [ jd] ] wz ` r`
.
fb gbo l ` ][o b l [ lcb _ c` Zj do lcbg do lbh `o^ e bl l chbb rbh _[o lcbh b
,
o`eb]n x[^ l cb {` l cbh do l cb k[he [k `oykh dZ`o g[e`o jo [go `]_[ `_ | ][\_d` [h z ` r`
,
} b_ \_ ~ chd_ l do lcbk[he [k `id^^ ] b
-
|`_l Z` h rbo l bh ` o^ s cb f[]n qrdhd l do lcb k[he [k `o y _ d`o g[e`oo`e b^q `h`n\pi` Z j brhb_ _ b^ cd_`o mbhg dl c lcbe`o^ l cbnc `^` abhn][om
Z [o abh_ ` ld [o `o^ ^ bt` lb
.
y l l cb bo^,
i`Zj h b`] d b^ lc` l cb ^ d^ o [l,
do k`Z l,
_rbo^lcbg bbj bo^` llcb_c`Z jut\lcd_Z`h`ZZ d^bo l[ZZ \hhb^[o lcb_ `e b^` n
lc` l cb `hh dab^ ` l l cb _c`Z j
.
f [g ba bh,
`k lbh l c`l `ZZ d^ bo l i`Zj k do`] ]n Z[\]^h bZ [oZ d] bcde _ b]kgdl ccd_`om bh
.
fbg`_l[l`] ]nc` rr n`k lbh`] ].
.
yZZ [h^ do ml [`hhn
,
z _nZc[`o` ]n_d_d_`k [he[kl cbh` rng cdZ c`de_l [Z\h b e bo l ` ] ^ d_[h^ bh_ t n do ab_ld m`l dom lcb dolbh`Z l d[o [k Z [o_ Z d[\_ `o^
19
¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¢ £ £
.
¥¡ ¦ ¢ ¡ ¡£ £
,
§ £ ¤ ¨ ¡£©£ª ¦ ¡ ¢¦ªª£ ¡ªª£ª£
.
«£ §¬¬ £¦(1
®¯°57)
¡ ± ²³ ´µ¶ ·¸¹ º ¶ » ´µ ¸»¼µ ´½ ² ¾» ¼¿À ¸¹¿ Á ´Â ´¸µ ·Ã Ä ¼¶ ¿ ´
,
ª ¦¡ ¢ §¢ªª£ ¡ ªª £ ¡ ¡ ªª ¢ ¤ £ ª¦ ¡ ¢ § ¦ ¡ £ £ £
¡ ¢£ £ ¦ £± £ ¡ ª£ ¡ £ ¡ £ ±Å
Æ ¦ ¡ ¢¦ ªª£ ¡ ¢ ¦ÇÈô ¾Ã¸·É £ £© ¡
Ê ± ¨ ¡ ¡ ¢ £ ¢ ¡¤ ¢© ¡ ¡ §£ ¡£ § ¡ ¡
©¢ © ¤ Šˣ Ì ¡£¦ ¨ ª£
¤ Í §Ì ¡£¦ ª£ ¢ ¢ ¢ Î
£ ¢¦Ç Èô ¾Ã¸·É
.
«£ § Ë£ ¨ ¡ ¤ Î ¤ © £ £ ¨ © ¢§ ¨ Å ¥¡ ¤ §
¡ £ ¤ ¨¢ ª ©§ £ ± ©©£ § § Ϫ ¢
¦ ¡ Šˣ Ì ¢ © ¦ ¡ ¡¢ ¡ Ï ª£ ªª £
¢ £ ¤
(
Ë , 1
а24-27).
Ñ Ë £ ̤ ¡¡ ¡§ © ©¢ ¡¤ª£ ¢ ¦
.
¥¡¨ ¡ ¦ £ ¡ © ª¦ ¡ ¢¦ ¡
£ § ¡ ©¢ © ¤ £ ¢ Ê ±Ì
§£
,
¡ ª¦ ¡ ¢¦ ªª£ ¡ £ ¡ ª£ ¢¤©£¤ ¢ Å Æ ¦ ¡ ¢ ¦ ªª£ ¡ ¢ ¢ © ¡ ª£Î
¡£ ª¦ ¡ ¢ § ¦ ¡ §£
,
¤ £ ¡ ¢ª ¡£ £© § ¡ £©ª£ ¢¤©£¤ ¢ Å
20
Ò
.
ÓÔÕÖ ×Ø×ÙÕ ÖÔÚ ÕÛ Ø ÜÝÞ ßàá Þâãäá å æÞæçèåáåéãäê ëìáãê ì í åêß ãä êç á îìæì è ìêåêæ ìïäðêãäàßñ
òä êìê ëêìê ãëà óá Þß å à ô åàí ìïêå áÞ ãäá å å ãíßè
.
õá ìå ã,
ãä ê Þà öêç ÷ øù ú øûüýëìá ã ãêÞîèþáç çáæðÿ
.
àí Þâë æåí å êßæåìáðæìèåàí ìï ê.
êïà Þß éåàðêîà àó ååíïä æå
R
á ïä æìß.
æå åïä æí å ù û üø êå å õ êá å ã å÷ øù ù ù û ê ôôêÞî æïäêì å ù û ù ù
,
õ ìêíß å ÷ øù û øù
Mechanisms of Defense
êãï ëêì êí å êß æåãä ê å êïà Þßåàí ìï ê
.
àð êïìáãá ï æçìêöáêëåëêì êà îã æá Þêßôìàðá Þã êìÞêãåáãêåñòä êìê ëêìê åàð ê å ãêå á Þ ôáÞá åäá Þâ ãäáå åãíß è
.
õá ìåã å ãê ëæåìêæßá Þ â
The Shack a
ïïíìæã êçè á Þ à ìß ê ì ãà âêã ãäê ß êê í Þß êìå ãæÞßáÞ â àô ãä êåãà ìè
.
ÝÞ ãäá å ìà ï êå åá ã ë æå æç åà êå åêÞãá æç ãàìêìê æß ãä ê Þà ö êç.
òä ê å êïà Þßë æåôáÞßá Þâãä êìà îç êðãàßá åïí å å
,
ãä êÞãä êë ìáãêìå êããä êìà îç êðôà ìð íç æãáà Þñò ä êôáìå ã í êå ãáà Þ ß êæç ã ëáãä ãä ê ðæà ì ïä æì æïã ê ì
,
åêïà Þß í êå ãá à Þ ëáãä ãä êïä æìæïã êìáåãáï àô æÞ âêì æ Þß ãäáìß í êå ãáà Þ ëáãä ãä ê á Þôçí êÞï ê àô í Þï à Þåï á àí å
ðáÞßñ ÝÞ ãä ê ãäá ìß åãê
,
ãä ê ëìá ã êì çààó êß ôà ì æ ìà ìá æãê ãä êàìá êå áÞ à ìßêì ãàôáÞßãä êæÞå ë êìàôãä êìà îçêðôà ìðíç æãáà Þñòä êôàí ìãäå ã êë æåêçæîàìæãá Þ âãäê
ãä êà ìáêå ãà æÞæç èê ãä ê Þà öêç
.
òä êÞ ôáÞæççè ãäê ç æå ã å ãê ë æå ß ìæëá Þâ ãä êïà Þïç í åá à Þôìàðãä êæÞ æçèå á åñ
21
!"# $%
L
&'#'()
t
*+, -*./0 123t
*1w
2+t
12 +, 45 +)4t
5 .) ,61 2t
*1t
*211 78 1,0+5 ),w
*+-**.9 1:11), 0.
t
1;+)t
*1/25 :< 1=>5 2= 8 <.t
+5 )?@+ 2, 0 3t
*1w
2+t
12w
+< <;+, / <.y
*5 6t
*1=.+ )- *.2.-
t
12, / 12, 5 ) . <+ty
+,;1,- 2+:1;+)*1t
)59 1<?A 1-5 );3t
*1w
2+t
12w
+< <.<,5.).<
yz
1t
*1= .+ )- *.2.-t
12, .)4128, + ) 4B 2+, 050<1,t
*15 2y
?C * 1)t
*+2;3t
*1w
2+t
1 2w
+< < .).<1
yz
t
*1 + )><8 1)-1 5 > 8 )-5 ), -+58, =+ ); +) 21-5 )- +< +)4 *+ =, 1<>w
+t
* *+,.)412?
.
D EFEG HIJKt
JLMLN D EOP JM D P IPHt
EIJMt
D E%L QERS.-T1)U+1 B < <1)
V*+ <<+/,
+, =.+) - *.2.-
t
12 + )t
* 1 )59 1< ? B<t
*58 4* =5, 0/ 15/ <1- .<< *+=B << 1)35)<
y
W.) 3 *+,w
+>1.);- < 5,1>2+1);,-.< < *+ =S.-T? S.-Tw
., :5 2) + )
t
*1 S+ ;6 1, 03 . >.2= X:5y
+) .) (2+,* XB = 12+-.) > .=+ <y
? () *+,- *+< ;*55 ;S.-T+,.<
w
.y
, .:8, 1;:y
*+,>.t
*12? W505 )<y
S.-T3*+,=50*12+,.<, 5, 8 >>12+ ) 4>25 =
t
*19 +5 <1)- 15 >*1 2*8,:.);?(
t
.< < -.= 1t
5 . * 1.;w
* 1)t
*+ 2t
11) Xy
1.2
X5 <;S.-T1)U+1
21<8-
t
.)0 <y
:. 21; *+, ,58 <t
5.- *8 2- *<1.;12 ;8 2+)4.y
580*219 +9 .<?Ov
12t
.T1):y t
*1-5 )9 +-t
+5 )5 >t
*1 =5 =1)0 3 S.-T -5 )>1, , 1; +)
t
1. 2,t
*.t
*1 *. ; )50 ;5 )1 .)yt
*+) 4t
5 * 1</ *+, =.= .., *1w
+t
)1, , 1 ;35 ) =5 21t
*.)5 )1 5--., +5 )3*+,;28 )T1)
;.; :1.
t
*128 )-5 ),-+58, ?Y*.t
S.-T> .+ <1;0 5-5 ), + ;12w
.,0 * .t
*+,-5 )>1, , 5 2w
5 2T1; .); - *8 2-*1;w
+t
* *+, > .t
*123 .); :y t
* 1t
+ =1 * 1 450 *5 =1 *+, ; .;;y w
.,w
.+
t
+)4 >52 *+=5 )t
*1 >25 )0 /5 2- *w
+t
* *+, =.=. .); ,+,012, -5 ), / +-858, <y
.:,1)0? Z1 <.t
1 2 < 1.2)1;t
*.t t
*1y
* .; :11), *80t
<1;5 >>t
5 *+, .8 )0 S.y
, +) 5 2;12t
5 4+9 1 *+, >.t
*12 , 5 =1 >211;5 =t
5t
1.- * *+, 21:1<< +58, , 5 ) . <1, ,5 ) .:580 21, / 1-t
? @5 2 .< =5, 0tw
5 ;.y
, 3t
+ 1;t
5t
*1 :+4 5 .T .t t
*1 :.-T 5>t
*1 *58, 13 *1w
., : 1.t
1)w
+t
* . :1<t
.);[+:< 1
v
12,1, 19 12
y t
+= 1 *+, ;.;w
5T1 >25 =., 08/5 2.);/80;5w
)*+,:50t
<1 \]58 )43^_ _ `abc?Z1213 S.-T
, *5 6, *+, +).:+< +
ty
+) *1</ + ) 4 *+ =,1<> .); *+, =50 *1 2?S.-T
w
58 <;22
def gdeh idjji e fk g
t
lkh hy
k m nofjp djw
dk f djpnfqty
jm nppnf f k pid n gk on f kr jlsjs dnof nf m ngekhh
y
de f tjsdnou v d nw
eh h e p wpnff jt
dnhm deft js dno e f e p detu xn efkh f j k r ok yn mnof jp r ngk l fn k
t t
dn k wn jz {|q dn e f krhnt
j h nk yn de f mkonps f k piz epide fj} p}ku
y
~epg n def g dehidjjiq k g ijnf pjs h e n def zk
t
dno yn oy
tlg d r ngkl f n defzk
t
dnof nntf nxt
nopkh hy
o nhewe jl fq fs oegt
g dl ogdnhinorlsk gh jf niioep nou jot
defonk f jpqk
t t
dnk wnjz{|w
dnpkgw
k fr nkt
npw
et
dkr nht
z jokhtjfstw
jiky
fqdnt
dnp}kh nik
w
ky
z ojtdjtnukg pnyn o
t
kh f tlgd kr jls def zkdnoqt
rlsw
dnp dn ijnf def zkgn hjf nf nt js e jph e nkt
einwjep wjls q hnk ye pwik ok pih eznhnffny
nf jl p wq unz j on ol ppe pwk
w
ky
z oj t djt nqkg f}nkoft
jzjo wnt
kh ht
dnfn rki tn tjoenfukg
t
dnprl oenfkhhde fj}p epjoinot
jh nt
nynoyt
de pw wjw
et
djlshjj epwrkgt
jt
de fik ofe injzde fh ez nu
ut
r nz jon dn hnzt
q dn mut
yk ote ps mje fjp ep nynoy
r jshnt
jz r jj n dn g jlhi ze pi jpt
dn zk otuxnt
dn p l pnk ot
d ni z ojt pnxt t
jt
dn jlsdjl fnt
d n ftkhht
ep r j djl f e pw khh de f nkot
dhy t
onk fl onf jp n mdjsjwok md jzt
dn z k tehy w
et
d nynoy
r jiy
fl epsepw k ft
dny
hjj ni e ps jt
dn fl p de f ik iiy
fsk pie p w jzzt
j jpn f ein k { ln k fs no ojj en r k f nrkh h gk oiq k hett
h n r jst
hnt
dkt
gjps k epnikr jlsk pjl pg njzkG
oezzn t
dnjphy
mnozl t nde ftktkdk inynow
jopqkf mjjhjz
t
donk ikpikg jl mh npn nihnfqkftkhhf ehynoien gk fsu~ u eo jogn nt
qk pidefnps e onh eznfk ye pw{u {|uxng onmsrkge ps jt
dndjl f n kpi fh e mmni k pjsn l pin o de f tk tk f mehhj}w
deh n de f zkt
dno h ky
f pjoe p w jzz kpjsdnor epwnu t
l fs fk e iq~jtniky
djmny
jl gk p zjo weynt nu x nf} jon dnw
jlhipnyn oh jjrkg qk pidnieipjs pjsz johjpwt
et n jl p wq uxnonqkg gkp rn ehhl fsok
t
ni k f k mn ofjp djw
fnnf fjt nt
depw z ojtt
dn mjfet
eynf einjoe pjs dno
w
joif kgefkmnof jpw
djgk ptjynjp ry
defj}pkw
y w
et
djlsh jj e pwrk g
t
jt
dn ik o f e injz defhez nu x nkh f j onkhez
nft
dkt w
kh epw kw
ky
zojtdjtn e f pjs k wjji fjh
ut
ejp e p f jh ye pw def mojrh nt qt
dno nz jo n dn kf f z joz jowe
v
npnf fu23
t
w
¡ ¢£ w
y
¤¥ ¦¤ ¥ ¢§ ¡ ¨¡¢£ ¤ ¨ © © ª «¬ ¬¤ ¥ © ¬ ¥®©¤ ¢
w
¦¤§¤ ©¢¤¯t
t
¤¤¥° ¬¦°¯t
¦¡¢ ¢§§¤± ²£¡v
©¨y
§¡ ¢¯¡ § ©¯¦ ¢ ¨
y
¤ §y
© ±² §¤ © ¢¤¯
t
¥° ¬¦ ¤°¯t
¦y
©t
¦t
¤ ¤ ³§± «¤ ©¯ ¤ ¡t w
© © ® ¢¯ ¤ ¨ ©© ªw
¤ ¡ ¢£ ¦¡ ©w
y
¤° ¢§t
¦w
¤ §ª ©¢§¡¢£ ¥¤ ¢y t
¤ ¦¡©£¢§® ¢¯©ª
w
¦¤ ®©©§¡t
¤ ¢¤t
¦¡© ¥¥±´¢t
¦w
¤ §¤t
© ª« ¬ ¡ © t
¦¡¢ ¢§§¤ ±²§ ¤©¢¤¯©y
¥° ¬¦° ¢ © ©y
¤u
© ¦¡¥§¡ ¬t
y
ªw
¦ ¡ ¬¦¥¤ ©¯ ¤ © ¦ ¨ ¢ § ¢¤¯
t
¤ §¤ ± µ¦ ¢ ¦ §¤ © © ® ¤°y
w
¤ ¢§ ¡ ¦ ¡ © ¢¤¯ ©¤ ¥ ©¤t
¤ ¡ ¢ ¦¤w
© ©t
¦ ¢§© ¬ ®¤ ¦° ¥¢ ¡§© ¢§
x
®¡ ¢¬ ©§¡¢¯y t
¦¢ ¨y
¤ §y
©¶ ·¤° ¢ £ª¸¹¹º» ¼½± ®
t
¤ ¥ t
¦¡¢ ¢ § §¤ ª « ¬ ¡ © ©¤ ©¢ © ¢ ¡¢§ ®