RACIAL PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION BY WHITE SOUTHERNERS TOWARD THE BLACK IN ALABAMA DURING 1930S AS REFLECTED IN HARPER LEE'S TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD.

RACIAI,

PREJUOICE AND

DISCRIMINATION BY

\{HITE

SOIJ'I'iIERNERS

TOWARD THE

ITLACT(

IN

ALA}AMA

DURING

19305 AS

RSTLECTDD

IN

llAIlPER

LEE'S

TO

KILL

A

MOCKINGRIN D

Submifi€d

itr

?.rti.l

Fulfilln€nr

ro rb€

nrquircncot

For

tbe Dcsrce of

Slriam

S.stn

By

INDRA FENI

'N(;LISH

DEPARTEMENT

AI]SIRAK

Skipsi

ini

mctopak.tr

aialisis

tcnr.i!

bcraeam

disk

nin.si

lnng terdapd

di

A'nerika

Sdik

t

khususnya

di

ncgam

bigiai $lalar

Ahoik.,

labama. Dia.gkar dari scbuah novcl klasik

b.iudul Io

X,/,

Mo.*,,s6iil

.l.h

Ilarper

Lee yans

bdldar

p.da

rahun

1930-

di Alibah..

pcnulh mdigg.mbarkan persamam

disk.iminisi

lMg

rciadi di

Alab.fr.

paJi

{ahun

!910-.d deneen

dnkriminlsi

yans crdapar

dahn novcllc.$bur.

Ufruk

mengan.lnh

pcmNlahan

yan8

dikemlkak$ dda'n

skripsi

inl.

pcnulis menggunakd pcndck.lan

mlmdik

yang dikcrnukakor olch M H

Abdns

yatre lemudian

dikcmbanekan

dci8m

ncngrplik6ikan

tcori

soroloti

defgan

mcnlgunakrd

pc6pcktil

pctuna

utrtuk nenehubun8kan

thk.'lakla

yang icrdapar

did.lam

scjamh dcigan kcj.dian yatre tcrd0par di

daL.m

novel. l)alam

pcnsumpuldd

dda

pcntrln

mcngunakan

ncrodc

kc p

us6kan,

sedrngkan pcn)_aj ian del,

hcn$u

na kan mctodc dcskripr

it

Dari

hasi! analisis

drp.r

disimpullon

bahNa

bc.b.eai

disk.inid.li

_vdng tcrjadi di Aiabama

prdr

hnln

1910-an mcncurlkan bcbcnpd asumsi

dai

pcilaku

yaDe saLah

mhra

M.!.

kulir

purih

tcdadap

$.rga kulit

hi6m.

,{nrmsi

dan periiaku

}an! srlih

mcnnnbulkan adan}a lamngan pcmikahatr

bddr

.as yane mengakibrrkrn

tcrjadinyr

pcniehan

rcnpar

rin8eaL anran

*ar8a

yatre

me

alukan

pcnikahan

bcda

ms

dcnSaf

Fare!

yafS

tidak

rclakukan

pemikahrn bcda ras. Tidak adanya pcMmaan perlakmn atrr.m

-J

"r

lul.

Nr \dJ1

!,

6,

\.li'

h

rd.r

r

bc'u

. g o.do

Lcra.;'

com e

s

ga

kulir

l,ihm

dengm sanear

mcngci6k.n.

Munculnta

pobcddn

kclas sosial yatrg menemprtkrn

rarga

kuLir

hitan

mcij.di

$.r!a

kclas

bas.h

drlam nmra kelas esiaL

di

Alabama paJa

hhun

!910 an

s.lebn

srsa

ktrlit purih

niskin.

_{Adaoun oerbedrm} ke las

$sial

tEebu I mcnimbulku

trjadinyx

pcdiehan

lasililas

kulir

putih

dd

kuLir

hirrm.

didnuran).

pcniehrn

rempat peribadabn (-qeEja)

d

l6ilirrs

p€ndidikm. PcJnisahan

tisilnas pendidikd neninbtrlk.n

ridak

adant.

ke*inb.n$n

CIIAPIER

I

INTRODUCTION

l-t

r'he Brckground orrhe

R€sircn

Racism G

!

_slohal hsuc and becoDe an irreEsiiDe topic ro be

disused.

lr

has cxisted for rhouends

ol

ya6 dd

h6

been

ftnsmirtd

lron

gcncmrio. ro

eeneEtion Rachn

h

lhe belief rl,at a panicuLar

nce

is

suptrior

or

inlcrior

lo dnorher, rhal a

persn\

seial a;d moFl

tBits

ee

prederemined by his or her inbom

biologidl

chrtureristics.

lt

is supp.ned by CaLe in his book

t

.,./ry€dtd

''Racism is the rhcory lhat

psple

ofone Dce

m

superiorto

another.lla*ed

thal

hums

beings arc divided

into

Bces which

lre

distinguhhed

by

deir

physical chaEcrerisrics, lheir

culuEl

pa(ems and

$en

modes

of

behavior' (2003:3).

It describes thar

rrcisfr

k

lhe belielthat chaEcterinics

c

be annbuted lo people simply on lhe bash

oftncn

m€dd

tha! some Bcialgrcups aE superior io

orher

To uncover the roots of €c

kn

against

bl&k

i0 America the

idatharslavery

wd

rhe

causl

factor slaverr in rhc unncd s6rcd was narted in rhe b€8innin8

ol

the sixtcenth cenlury. In thc soulhcd of Unired SL es, with

onll

a few

edy

rnd insic! ificant exception s, allslavcs

rcrc

blacl( and almost

allblack

were

slres

This

k

supponed by

DtglLi

all

nen

of black or brcwn skin in the South

wet

presun.d

lo

be slaves"

(O"r

dozr

tar.

1935:136). The

nain

rc.sons

lbt

dE

grow$

ol

slav€ry

rfle

ecoi.mic.

li

is

also supp.nine

by

Gale

in

his

anicle

Shvcs \rcrc used as

achc$

xbdr fotoe rnJ ar

r

ptulihble

rride

g.od

ln

rhe

linircd Sh(cs llrc

floinsacqtri.ed

though s aveir

rerc

an lmponant

6ctn

ir

rhc grosrh

ol.he

shipplns

ind$ty

and

r

$Lrce

ofsurpLus Rerhh

]'r

errir

indNrirlisn

Sl.ycs sorked

li

househoLds. in m nes andon

strgarandc.ton

nhnrxlions

ir

rhe

southem

ks

i,l

mc.ir.

n.nh

ol

mcird.

in

Bturil..n

irr the Caribb..n (2003 as

cikd.n

F-nclc]otndirc.m).

Quohrtun abdv.

frc.dsdd

slaleE

i\

enablished

b

grin the economis oftr'nired

surd trhichLscsL& rboroi

rheir

nhniaii.ns

ln

rhc.rt

$efrierlr

ce'rtrD

nlery

*'s neiilr

enJ\ marldd

b_r rhc

lnrnci0arion

l'jrocLxmltioD hsued

hl

President

Abmha

l.incoLn

lieedo

lor

all

slals

hippciln

ii

l86i

rvhen

civi

srr

ended irhough

th.

govemmcnr hrs lnnnallj- aboLishcJ thc sLarcry

ht

bls.k

I)eo|Le

d.

Dor get rl,elr freed.m

elil!.

thel

have

b

lrcr

(h!

ncial

probLen

Raria/ pmhJcm hrpps

r

heca!:e

arnc

|totrc

clain

diar .lie

dirJi:c

ces ol

ph)licrl chrnclc.inics

lilc

slin

col!.

is

a basis

ro

idcililri *ho

n'pcrior

and

irrter

\hnc

R.c rilLlhi',ks

dD! black

peo|e

s

inri.loriry.ace

siice a lonlr

ri'rcalolhen

rhe] hecarnc a

narc

lnrshirc

pcoplr.

Slav$

is pLr.crl thd Lnbclol'

iiicrio.iq

.n

hlack skln

on,4n.rican

culrurc s

nrpp!dcd

bt

Dc!lcr.

_nu0rb.r

ilNcgrees

dere.n,ined

$c inlrrioriarus impo*d

upoi

rhc

bacl

(1935rl5).h

is clerrly

'nea'\

rhrr

blrl

p.opl..r.

rcdtrccd ro rhc

posrioi

ol

inliirioril)

and il

..r!lr

rlic

pndice olrrrlaL

prciuJi.c and

di\rlmindrior.

Ta

Kllu

!h.kt,Oiil

f'r

t|a\'et

t-ee

n

a

no!elthalJe0ids

racialproblems ln

CHAPTI]R5

CONCLUSION

7i,

/(i/l

a

Mo.ktngbtr4

rcnaciously

crplorcs

(hc

dodl

_narue

of

hunrn

bcines. es|recially

$e

nruggle in evcry human soui

beN*n

ncial

pr.judice and

discriminaftrn. The novel is very effecrive in

notoily

Evealing

pEjudie,

bli

in

cx.nitringthenat'rt ofdi$rinination.

hoq ir wolks. and irs consquences. Even

rhough

racialprtjudip

h

jus

opinion or atritude agnin$ orher r.ce bur

it h

qtrite

po$ible

rhar

kinJ

df

opinion

$ill

llad

ro thc

acrions

d

kno$n

as tu.ial

discriminatioi. Therc are many

€cial

pEjudice

ard

dis$iminatjon

in

,4labama

duri4

I 930s

6

rnectd

in Harp.r Lcc s

h

KiI

a

M).kinshit

l.

rrased on the

ren'lt of.nalysis

ol

Ta

KiI

u

Ma(kinsbil.

thc

*dter

c.n

conclude rha! lheE

ar

m rny racir I p.cj udice that

e\perien*d b]

ihe black mce in Al.bama during

l9l0s.

Fdreranplc

G anli-miscegenarion. Whire nce diegrees

.boul

niscegendion idea

beousc

it

wiu disopt

the purity

rnd

sup€riorn_

of

white.!ce.

As a

rtrard.

whi!c

melhat

havc intenacial mariape

will

be

aliei.t.d

Not only

eial

pftiudicq

black mce

in

Alabama also

h6

1o

fre

racirL

di{rininarion

There is a lynching ihat

b€eu in lom

Rohinv,ns

tirl,

rnd when Tom

isploed ir

rhe loca jaiL.

r

mdb garheN

lFch

him. His dedh is very

rDsi.

since he is shoi lTrimes.

Anoiherncia

discriminarion @cu6 in

theexisienFol

BIBI,(X;RAPHY

Abanl

M.H. mc

Mn

n

nnd th?

LonF

tk'nd

lic

the.tr

nnd

thr

Gitnal

7;z

r|rd'

New York: Oxlord

Univc6i(r

Pts.

I 976.

Dellcr.

C.N

Out

of

Ou.

1'zr:

The

Farc6

fhat

SlEtEd

LhL

Aneti.a

Ncv

York: I

laaer Ro* Puhlisl€r.lnc.

1935.

I)uckkr. Johi.

/'fqdt.;It'r

/Ji.ti.mrj

af the l

liirtr

t

l

tdeas

t1E C^lc

Gt.rp

lnc. 2005. LncJLbrydia

I

3

Nov

2009

<hnotr*u*..ncv.loEdia.c.m>.

G^le,lhonsar

Ercylopctlio.J

ld..

a,z/

ir.irh

MacmiLlan

Rcltrcn€

USA.

?OOA

E .rtlopalid .o"'.

lA Nor 2009.

+npr]rv\$

en.wlop.Jia.QD>

CaLc. Thomson

rt

y.lr??rrdrh?

So.nn

Stiere.\.

)AAa F:n.rtlop"dio

un.

3A

Nov 200e.

<hr@1!!ry!!!nilqpr!!4q1>

Cove. Philiph

lr.

,/ebsrsrlt

s?vehth Nev

Collesulc

Didiokary.

laSA:

G

&

C

6u.rlniL

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t'rbrlerrr

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Di.tio rry.l

thc

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\lcii@

Webeu

OrliE

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Meti@'Wehaer

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7

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<hup/lm.Nerin

webncronlinc

contdiclionary/hrkeP

rohnson- claudia

Dust.

Io

(i//

d

]tlackinsbnl:

Thkulckihs Bounddies

Ne*

York: Twayne Publishet 1994

Keney, Wlllidnr

Hor b

nnoly-.( r,?r@n New

Yor{:

Monttul, Pre$. I 996

Kelley, Robcrt.

fte

.t

,,',ts

d/

/lc

,r'r,tz,

/zsr

5s

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Ncr

,eey:

Ptntice

LaureNon, Diana and

Alrn

Slin9cw@d.

Thc Saciolo{v

.f

Litttuhlfr

Londan: CBnada Publishing

l.imited

l972

Lcc.Hatper

lo

Kill d

Mockinshhl

Nc*

York:

waner Bmk

lnc. I 932

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&

Lesierrr.,

r

D. Writthq Rctearth PaPet:

l

Contplctc

G i.le

1 Ed

Nc*

York: Pearson

Eduslioi,lfc.2005

ftrbn-,

Reb€krh R.

Ir.

G/,th

L:f

)tutie

]d

Ltl

NeN

Je&!:

Ptcntice tt21l

l-inebery. Roben L.

(;,w.r,,.n

i,,4'l'lna

Toronro:

Lilile

Brwn

and

Co

193l

-.qn.hkA: Wei

Eh.tt

lopld

it

.f

,1nL

rnun

Lu-.7005

E

.:tclopedia

nn

i0

Nov 2ooq

<htPi!!r\sqdr4!4.q!r!r>

Meghan. EmiLy.

.t

.ul

(la$ps

;,

)lahnnu.

2A0a-

Aluerar

Lon

20